During the first nine months of 2006, North America consumed an average of more than 60 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d) of natural gas. The United States is the largest energy consumer in the world and is expected to require the largest increase in LNG imports to meet its growing demand for natural gas. LNG only accounted for approximately 3% of total United States gas consumption in 2005.
The California and the Pacific Northwest gas markets are at the end of the North American pipeline system and import over 80% of their natural gas supply from neighboring states or Canada. As a result, these markets are at risk of supply disruptions caused by growth of demand in “upstream” gas markets as gas reserves in North America decline. Currently, there are only five operational LNG terminals in North America, all of which are located on the East or Gulf Coasts of the United States.
North America is one of the largest interconnected natural gas markets in the world consuming more than 75 Bcf/d, of which the United States alone accounts for more than 60 Bcf/d. The U.S. is the world’s largest producer, consumer, and net importer of energy, ranking eleventh worldwide in reserves of oil, sixth in natural gas, and first in coal. In its 2006 Energy Outlook, the EIA forecasts U.S. natural gas demand to grow at an average rate of 1.25% per year, with gas demand increasing from its current level of 61 Bcf/d to 74 Bcf/d by 2025.
In recent years, despite record gas prices and record levels of drilling activity, the production of natural gas in the United States and Canada has failed to increase. Although U.S. unconventional production is expected to increase marginally, Canadian and conventional U.S. gas production, not including Alaska and Hawaii, is projected to decrease. With the continued increase in demand and flat production profile, a potential natural gas shortfall of as much as 13 Bcf/d is forecasted by 2015.