10-K 1 d10k.htm ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K Annual Report on Form 10-K
Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D. C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004

 

Commission file number 000-27141

 


 

TIVO INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   77-0463167
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (IRS Employer Identification No.)

 

2160 Gold Street, PO Box 2160, Alviso, CA   95002
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

(408) 519-9100

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

NONE

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

COMMON STOCK, $.001 PAR VALUE PER SHARE

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes x    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form 10-K.    x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes x    No ¨

 

As of July 31, 2003, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sales price for the registrant’s common stock, as reported in the Nasdaq National Market System, was $481.6 million.

 

On April 1, 2004, the Registrant had 80,065,722 outstanding shares of common stock.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Parts of Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on August 4, 2004 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K (The Report of the Compensation Committee, the Report of the Audit Committee and the Comparative Stock Performance graph of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement are expressly not incorporated by reference herein.)

 


 

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Table of Contents

TIVO INC.

 

FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED JANUARY 31, 2004

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

        3

ITEM 1.

   BUSINESS    3

ITEM 2.

   PROPERTIES    13

ITEM 3.

   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS    13

ITEM 4.

   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS    14

PART II

        15

ITEM 5.

   MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS    15

ITEM 6.

   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA    16

ITEM 7.

   MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS    19

ITEM 7A.

   QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK    45

ITEM 8.

   FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA    46

ITEM 9.

   CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE    84

ITEM 9A.

   CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES    84

PART III

        85

ITEM 10.

   DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT    85

ITEM 11.

   EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION    85

ITEM 12.

   SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT    85

ITEM 13.

   CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS    85

ITEM 14.

   PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES    85

PART IV

        86

ITEM 15.

   EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, AND REPORTS ON FORM 8-K    86

SIGNATURES

   90

 

©2004 TiVo Inc. All Rights Reserved.

 

Except as the context otherwise requires, the terms “TiVo”, “Registrant”, “company”, “we”, “us”, or “our” as used herein are references to TiVo Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

 

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PART I

 

ITEM 1.   BUSINESS

 

General Development of Business

 

We are a leading provider of technology and services for digital video recorders, or DVRs, a rapidly growing consumer electronics category. Our subscription-based TiVo service improves home entertainment by providing consumers with an easy way to record, watch, and control television. The TiVo service also offers the television industry a platform for advertising, content delivery, and audience research. The TiVo service requires a TiVo-enabled DVR that is available for as low as $99. Many currently available TiVo-enabled DVRs are broadband-enabled and offer customers the ability to enjoy home entertainment services such as digital music and photos. As of January 31, 2004, there were over 1.3 million subscriptions to the TiVo service.

 

We currently derive revenues from three sources:

 

    TiVo service revenues. Consumers subscribe directly to the TiVo service, paying us either $12.95 per month or a one-time “product lifetime” fee of $299. In addition, DIRECTV pays recurring per-household monthly fees in order to offer the TiVo service to its satellite TV subscribers.

 

    Technology revenues. We possess technology supported by a portfolio of patents that enables us to offer TiVo-enabled DVR software, hardware, and service solutions to customers like DIRECTV, Pioneer, Toshiba, Humax, and Sony.

 

    DVR hardware revenues. We engage a contract manufacturer to build a number of the lower-end, less expensive TiVo-enabled DVRs. We do this to enable our service revenues and, as a result, do not intend to generate significant gross margins from these hardware sales.

 

We continue to be subject to a number of risks, including the uncertainty of market acceptance of the TiVo service and future profitability; competition; the dependence on third parties for manufacturing, marketing, and sales support; the intellectual property claims against us; and our highly dependent relationship with DIRECTV. We conduct our operations through one reportable segment. We anticipate that our business will continue to be seasonal and we expect to generate a significant number of our annual new subscriptions during and immediately after the holiday shopping season. To date, we have incurred significant losses and have had substantial negative cash flow. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, we had net losses of ($32.0) million. As of January 31, 2004, we had an accumulated deficit of ($577.3) million.

 

Industry Background

 

Subscription-Based Television Programming is Growing. According to the market research firm Nielsen Media Research, 108 million U.S. households owned at least one television at the beginning of 2004. As the reach and popularity of television has grown, so too has the amount of programming available to consumers. Multi-channel programming services can provide hundreds of channels of video content. Multi-channel programming continues to proliferate as service providers roll out more local programming options and deliver a host of new, niche-oriented channels.

 

DVR Services Significantly Enhance Television Viewing. In this new content-rich environment, DVRs offer a compelling value proposition to consumers by providing the means to effectively sort through, select from, and organize the growing volume of broadcast video content. According to IDC, there were an estimated 3.2 million U.S. households that owned DVRs at the end of 2003. IDC projects that worldwide unit shipments of DVR-enabled set-top boxes will climb to more than 28 million in 2008.

 

Our Solution

 

We have created a unique television-based entertainment service that supports virtually any analog cable, digital cable, satellite, or over-the-air programming source. The TiVo service, combined with a TiVo-enabled DVR, has many features that dramatically improve a consumer’s television viewing experience, including:

 

Advanced Software and Services that Automatically Find and Record Programs. The TiVo service can automatically record a consumer’s favorite shows, all season long, even if the schedule changes. It can skip reruns if desired. It includes a rich program guide that allows consumers to browse quickly and efficiently through a schedule of up to two weeks of available television programming. The TiVo service allows consumers to search for shows to record by subject, title, genre, actor, director, channel, or time of showing. Consumers can record and subsequently watch a single show, prioritize and record a customized line-up, or automatically record all episodes of a favorite

 

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show. Unlike with a VCR, consumers accomplish this without entering specialized codes, setting a timer, or using a videotape. Currently available TiVo-enabled DVRs can store up to 140 hours of television programming, significantly more than the eight-hour capacity of most VCRs.

 

Pause, Rewind, and Fast-forward Functionality. Using a TiVo-enabled DVR, consumers can pause, rewind, and fast-forward live television. Unlike with a VCR, consumers can playback a show from its beginning while it is in the middle of being recorded, and consumers can play back a previously recorded show while recording another show. TiVo-enabled DVRs constantly record a buffer of up to 30 minutes of programming, so consumers who turn on the TV in the middle of an interesting program can often replay it from the beginning.

 

Personalization and Suggestions. The TiVo service allows consumers to create preferences for recording of particular shows or categories of interest. Using the “Thumbs Up” and “Thumbs Down” buttons on the TiVo remote control, consumers can express their preferences for shows. Based on the consumer’s stored individual preferences, the TiVo service recommends programming that the consumer is likely to enjoy. When storage space is available, the TiVo service automatically records the suggested programming.

 

Specialized Content and Innovative Advertising. We distribute video content designed to entertain consumers while providing a promotional vehicle for our advertising and promotion customers. For example, movie studios pay us to deliver previews of upcoming films, consumer product companies pay us to market their products, and television networks pay us to promote upcoming programs. In the future, content providers could use the TiVo service to offer consumers special programming and pay-per-view packages such as movies, sporting events, and television shows.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our goal is to generate significant recurring revenues through the deployment of our technology to television households worldwide. The key elements of our strategy are:

 

Offer an Increasingly Valuable Service to Attract New Subscribers. Our goal is to lead the market with innovations that expand the value and potential of TiVo’s subscription services. We plan to continue to make TiVo an increasingly compelling home entertainment service for both current and potential customers. For example, in April 2003, we launched a package of networked features that allow consumers to enjoy video and photos on their televisions and music through their home stereos. We intend to deliver a new service release during the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005, called “TiVoToGo”. This feature will enable users to move their favorite programs stored on a TiVo-enabled DVR to a laptop for viewing on the road, or to any PC.

 

Increase Average Revenue Per User by Selling Advertising and Audience Measurement Services. As our subscription base has grown, we have been able to offer robust advertising and audience measurement capabilities to programmers and advertisers. We plan to continue developing and enhancing these offerings, which take advantage of the unique capabilities of the TiVo service. For example, we have recently completed promotional and audience measurement work for Universal Pictures, General Motors, American Honda Motor Corp., Nissan Motor Corp. and the Coca Cola Company. In February 2004, we announced that we had signed an agreement with Nielsen Media Research to deliver information on DVR usage to the television industry.

 

Build a High Volume Subscriber Acquisition Channel Through Arrangements with Service Providers. We are pursuing relationships with satellite and cable operators to embed the TiVo service into their offerings. Our relationship with DIRECTV is the first of these arrangements. We believe this strategy will be successful because of the unique abilities of TiVo’s technology and services to reduce subscriber churn, increase revenue from TiVo-enabled DVR services, increase buy rates for programming packages and pay-per-view content, and attract new subscribers.

 

Integrate Our Technology to Accelerate Platform Deployment. Our strategy focuses on creating, developing, and deploying DVR standards in order to promote mass deployment of devices capable of running the TiVo service. We work with leading consumer electronics manufacturers to introduce products that incorporate our technology, including DVD players and recorders, satellite television receivers, and standalone DVRs. Consumers will be able to choose from over a dozen TiVo-enabled products from industry leaders including Pioneer, Toshiba, DIRECTV, Hughes, Humax, Philips, RCA, and Samsung this year.

 

Drive Down the Manufacturing Cost of a TiVo-Enabled DVR. We believe that the high cost of DVR hardware has been an obstacle to mass adoption. As a result, we have made cost reduction a major focus of our engineering and development efforts. We believe these efforts will lead to a reduction in the average retail price of DVRs for consumers and serve as an important catalyst for subscription growth.

 

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Extend and Protect Our Intellectual Property. The value of the TiVo service is derived largely from the technology we have developed. Our intellectual property has allowed us to become a leading service provider in the category and is the fundamental reason that many of our customers and consumer electronics manufacturers choose us. We intend to continue to design, develop, and implement innovative technology solutions that leverage and enhance the TiVo service offering. We have adopted a proactive patent and trademark strategy designed to protect and extend our technology and intellectual property.

 

Promote and Leverage the TiVo Brand. We believe the strength of the TiVo brand is an advantage in attracting subscribers, consumer electronics manufacturers, advertisers, and other customers. In the past, we have dedicated substantial resources to promoting our brand through multiple advertising and marketing channels, participation in trade shows, sponsoring events, merchandising, and by leveraging strategic relationships. We believe the TiVo brand is strongly established within the DVR category.

 

Invest in Subscription Growth. For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005, we plan to increase significantly our investment in subscription acquisition activities with a focus on growing TiVo Service subscriptions. We anticipate the majority of this investment will be in connection with the 2004 holiday shopping season. We believe this investment can create incremental revenue, profits, and cash flow and put us on a long-term growth trajectory towards creating sustainable profitability.

 

Our Technology

 

The TiVo service relies on three key components: the TiVo client software platform, the TiVo service infrastructure, and the TiVo-enabled DVR hardware design. Each of these components serves a vital function in the TiVo service.

 

TiVo Client Software. The TiVo client software runs on TiVo-enabled DVRs. It consists of all operational software required for a TiVo-enabled DVR to deliver the TiVo service properly and reliably. TiVo client software is based on the open-source Linux operating system, but the bulk of the software is proprietary to TiVo. The software includes system components such as a media-oriented file system, a high-performance transactional database, an integrated security system, and application components such as media management, and user interface. We have enhanced the client software to support multiple services and applications, such as digital music and photos. The TiVo client software manages interaction with the TiVo service infrastructure. After the initial set-up of the TiVo service, the TiVo-enabled DVR will automatically connect to the TiVo service infrastructure over a dial-up or broadband connection to download the program guide data, client software upgrades, Showcases, and other content.

 

TiVo Service Infrastructure. The TiVo service infrastructure enables the ongoing operation of the TiVo service, managing the distribution of proprietary services and specialized content such as program guide data, Showcases, and TiVo client software upgrades. It interfaces with our billing and customer support systems for service authorization and bug tracking. In addition, the TiVo service infrastructure collects anonymous viewing behavior data uploaded from TiVo-enabled DVRs for use in our audience measurement efforts. We believe the TiVo service infrastructure technology is scalable, robust, and reliable. The infrastructure has also been designed to take advantage of the networks of service provider customers, for example, by utilizing DIRECTV’s satellite bandwidth to deliver data to DIRECTV receivers with TiVo service. The TiVo service infrastructure is extensible to support future initiatives such as e-commerce and lead generation, and authorization and billing for premium services.

 

DVR Hardware Design. The TiVo-enabled DVR hardware design is a specification developed by us for set-top boxes containing a hard disk drive, a CPU and memory, MPEG-2 digital video chips, a modem, and other components. We license this technology to consumer electronics manufacturers for them to modify and use in the production of DVRs that enable the TiVo service. We also provide the design to the contract manufacturer that produces TiVo-branded DVRs. The DVR hardware design has been integrated into a variety of products including DVD players, DVD recorders, DIRECTV receivers, and TiVo service DVRs. The DVR hardware design includes a modular front-end that allows the basic platform to be used for digital and analog broadcast, digital and analog cable, and satellite applications. In addition, the design includes USB ports to allow connection to broadband networks and external devices to enable future services.

 

Significant Relationships

 

DIRECTV. DIRECTV is the largest provider of satellite television in the U.S. We have had a longstanding relationship with DIRECTV in which DIRECTV assists us in marketing and delivering the TiVo service to its customer base. This relationship began in 1999 and was expanded in September of 2000 with the release of the first integrated DIRECTV DVR with TiVo. As of January 31, 2004, we had acquired approximately 676,000 subscriptions through this relationship. Currently, one of DIRECTV’s officers is a member of our Board of Directors.

 

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From 1999 thru October of 2002, we incurred upfront acquisition costs, recognized monthly recurring per subscriber revenues in a range from $4.15 to $9.95, and incurred recurring service costs for these subscribers. We agreed to pay DIRECTV a share of the revenues we collect from TiVo service subscriptions with standalone DVRs who subscribe to the DIRECTV service prior to June 30, 2003.

 

During 2002, we modified our agreements with the goal of giving DIRECTV the ability and economic incentive to drive volume growth. Under our new agreement, DIRECTV pays us a recurring monthly per-household fee for access to the technology needed to offer its customers the TiVo service. We incur limited recurring expenses and, on a marginal basis, limited or no acquisition costs for these subscriptions.

 

In January 2004, the average DIRECTV revenue per subscription, excluding advertising and audience research revenues, was approximately $1.62. We expect the average monthly subscription revenue per DIRECTV subscription to decline in the future as the mix of DIRECTV subscriptions shifts to the rapidly growing number of additions of new DIRECTV subscriptions, which involve no acquisition costs, lower recurring expenses, and lower subscription fees.

 

Our current agreement with DIRECTV does not expire until February 2007. Afterwards, while DIRECTV will have the option to continue to service the existing DIRECTV receivers with TiVo without further payment to us, it will not be able to add new DIRECTV receivers with TiVo unless DIRECTV elects to either purchase a royalty-bearing technology license from us or renew or replace our current agreement.

 

We also recognize revenue from DIRECTV for engineering professional services work on integrated DIRECTV satellite receivers with TiVo service and the related service infrastructure. We are currently providing DIRECTV with engineering professional services related to a new integrated DIRECTV satellite receiver with TiVo service that supports high definition television service, as well as engineering professional services related to hardware and service cost improvements and feature enhancements for existing platforms and customers.

 

Hardware Manufacturers. Several companies, including Toshiba, Pioneer, Sony, Philips, Thomson Multimedia, and Hughes, have manufactured and distributed TiVo-enabled DVRs. Each manufacturer is responsible for the manufacturing and distribution of its branded DVRs. We are solely responsible for the activation of the TiVo service on a manufacturer’s DVR if the purchaser of the DVR decides to purchase a subscription to the TiVo service. A TiVo-enabled DVR without a subscription to the TiVo service has minimal functionality and can be used to pause, rewind, and fast-forward through live or recorded shows.

 

We also engage a contract manufacturer to build TiVo-enabled DVRs. We distribute the TiVo-enabled DVRs, selling them both directly to consumers and to major retailers who offer these products to consumers. The table below shows the breakdown of DVRs compatible with the TiVo service that were manufactured during the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
January 31,


 

TiVo-enabled DVRs Manufactured by:


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

Consumer Electronics Manufacturers

   61 %   41 %   100 %

Contract Manufacturer for TiVo

   31 %   54 %   0 %

Licensing and Engineering Professional Services Customer

   8 %   5 %   0 %
    

 

 

Total Manufactured TiVo-enabled DVRs

   100 %   100 %   100 %
    

 

 

 

Sales and Marketing

 

The TiVo Service. We market the TiVo service in two ways. First, we sell directly to consumers who have purchased a TiVo-enabled DVR. We sell the TiVo service either for a monthly subscription rate of $12.95, or for a single payment of $299 for the lifetime of the DVR. Second, we market our service through our relationship with DIRECTV. DIRECTV pays us a per-household monthly fee for the ability to offer our service to their customers. DIRECTV makes all pricing decisions regarding the service it sells to its own customer base.

 

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Digital Video Recorders. To use the TiVo service, consumers first purchase a TiVo-enabled DVR and then activate the TiVo service. Currently, TiVo-enabled DVRs are available from major retailers across the United States, including Best Buy, Circuit City, Amazon.com, Tweeter, and The Good Guys. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, approximately 80% of DVRs manufactured under contract to TiVo were sold to retail stores and approximately 20% were sold directly from our website.

 

We recognize revenues from the sale of TiVo-branded DVRs manufactured for us. To drive sales while managing costs, we have shared marketing expenses with key retailers, and in some cases, we have offered to share a portion of the subscription revenues.

 

Other Revenue Streams. We also receive revenues from promotions and audience research. We market these services both through a dedicated team of salespeople and through partnerships with companies like Nielsen Media Research.

 

Research and Product Development

 

Our research and development efforts are focused on designing and developing the components necessary to enable the TiVo service. These activities included both hardware and software development.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended
January 31,


TiVo Inc.


   2004

   2003

   2002

     (in millions)

Research and Development Expenses

   $ 22.2    $ 20.7    $ 27.2

 

Although our total company employee headcount increased by approximately 19%, we increased the number of our regular, temporary and part-time employees engaged in research and development by 33% from a total of 160 to 212 as of January 2004 compared to January 2003.

 

Competition

 

We believe that the principal competitive factors in the DVR market are brand recognition and awareness, functionality, ease of use, availability, and pricing. We currently see two primary categories of DVR competitors: DVRs offered by consumer electronics companies, and DVRs offered by cable and satellite operators.

 

Within each of these two categories, the competition can be further segmented into those offering what we define as basic DVR functionality, and those offering enhanced DVR functionality. Basic DVR functionality includes no or limited program guide data and “VCR-like” controls with manual timeslot-based recordings, usually with no DVR service fee after the consumer purchases the enabling hardware. The TiVo Basic service is an example of basic DVR functionality. Enhanced DVR functionality includes rich program guide data and enhanced scheduling and personalization features, and may or may not require a DVR service fee. The TiVo service is an example of enhanced DVR functionality.

 

Consumer Electronics Competitors. We compete against several types of products with basic or enhanced DVR functionality offered by consumer electronics companies. These products record an analog television signal output from a cable or satellite set-top box, analog cable feed, or antenna.

 

    DVRs: ReplayTV has been our primary competitor in the standalone DVR market, offering products with some enhanced DVR functionality. ReplayTV was acquired by D&M Holdings in 2003. D&M Holdings is the parent company of Denon and Marantz, manufacturers of premium audio and video consumer electronics products. In addition, a number of companies have introduced or announced plans for DVRs that can record HD content, including RCA and Lucky Goldstar.

 

    DVD devices with integrated DVRs: Several consumer electronics companies, including Thomson Multimedia and Panasonic, are producing DVRs integrated with DVD players or DVD recorders. In general, these products do not require DVR service fees and offer basic DVR functionality.

 

    Personal computers with DVR software: Several companies are developing DVR software for PC and PC-related platforms. For example, Microsoft’s Windows XP Media Center Edition contains expanded digital media features including some enhanced DVR functionality.

 

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Satellite and Cable DVR Competitors. The DIRECTV satellite receiver with TiVo service competes against other cable and satellite set-top boxes that integrate basic or enhanced DVR functionality into multi-channel receivers.

 

    Satellite: EchoStar released the DishPVR 501 in 2001, which combined EchoStar Dish Network satellite reception with basic DVR functionality, including repeating timer-based recordings. In July 2002, EchoStar released the DishPVR 721, which offers a limited DVR feature set. EchoStar has also released the DishPVR 921, a system for High Definition signals. Additionally, it is possible that NDS Group PLC (“NDS”) will begin working with DIRECTV to provide additional DVR technology to DIRECTV customers.

 

    Cable: Scientific-Atlanta sells the Explorer 8000 integrated digital cable DVR set-top box to cable operators. This product combines digital and analog cable reception with dual-tuner DVR functionality. Motorola has announced its own plans for integrated cable DVRs. In addition, Motorola has announced plans to build integrated cable DVRs for cable operator Charter Communications using Moxi Media Center software from Digeo. Other DVR technology providers targeting the integrated DVR space include set-top box manufacturers Pioneer and Pace, and software providers NDS and Canal+ Technologies.

 

    Video on Demand: U.S. cable operators are currently deploying server-based Video on Demand (VOD) technology from SeaChange, Concurrent, nCube, and others, which could potentially evolve into competition. Server-based VOD relies on content servers located within the cable operator’s central head-end that stream video across the network to a digital cable set-top box within the consumer’s home. Cable operators can use VOD to deliver movies, television shows, and other content to consumers. Consumers can watch this programming on demand, with VCR-like pausing and rewinding capabilities. Operators can charge consumers for access to VOD content on a per-transaction or monthly subscription basis, or can offer content without charge. To the extent that cable operators begin to offer regular television programming as part of their VOD offerings, consumers will have an alternate means of watching time-shifted shows other than using DVRs.

 

Licensing Fees. Our licensing revenues depend both upon our ability to successfully negotiate licensing agreements with our consumer electronics and service provider customers and, in turn, upon our customers’ successful commercialization of their underlying products. In addition, we face competition from companies such as Microsoft, OpenTV, NDS, D&M Holdings, Digeo, Ucentric, and Gotuit who have created competing digital video recording technologies. Such companies may offer more economically attractive licensing agreements to service providers and manufacturers of DVRs. Going forward, in our relationships with manufacturers and distributors, we are shifting focus from upfront license and engineering professional services payments to recurring royalty and service payments. We expect future technology revenues to decline from the fiscal years 2004 and 2003 levels as we complete existing contracts.

 

Established competition for advertising budgets. Digital video recorder services, in general, and TiVo, specifically, also compete with traditional advertising media such as print, radio, and television for a share of advertisers’ total advertising budgets. If advertisers do not perceive digital video recording services, in general, and TiVo specifically, as an effective advertising medium, they may be reluctant to devote a significant portion of their advertising budget to promotions on the TiVo service. In addition, advertisers may not support or embrace the TiVo technology due to a belief that our technology’s ability to fast-forward through commercials will reduce the effectiveness of general television advertising.

 

Patents and Intellectual Property

 

We have filed patent applications covering many critical aspects of the design, functionality, and operation of a TiVo digital video recorder. We have been awarded 61 foreign and domestic patents, have 60 foreign and domestic patent applications pending, and have one provisional patent application pending. We have also filed patent applications that cover technology we intend to incorporate in future versions of the TiVo service and hardware. Patents we hold the rights to include:

 

    U.S. patent number 6,327,418, entitled Method and Apparatus Implementing Random Access and Time-Based Functions on a Continuous Stream of Formatted Digital Data, originally filed in April of 1998, which describes a method of controlling streaming media in a digital device. We refer to this as the “TrickPlay” patent. The TrickPlay patent covers the functions of the TiVo-enabled DVR that enable viewers to pause live TV as well as rewind, fast-forward, play, play faster, play slower, and play in reverse television signals cached by the DVR. The patent also claims methods for storing, editing, and manipulating video.

 

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    U.S. patent number 6,233,389, entitled Multimedia Time Warping System, originally filed in July of 1998, which describes many of the key inventions associated with the TiVo-enabled DVR software and hardware design. We refer to this as the “TimeWarp” patent. Key inventions claimed in the patent include a method for recording one program while playing back another or watching a program as it is recording, often referred to as time-shifting the program; a method for efficient and low-cost processing and synchronizing of the various multimedia streams in a television signal such as video, audio, and closed-captioning, and a storage format that easily supports advanced TrickPlay capabilities.

 

Several of our early patent applications have been examined and claims allowed by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. In addition, certain of our patents have been examined and approved under the terms of the Patent Convention Treaty, which provides for nominal acceptance of the patent in countries that are signatories to the treaty, which includes most countries in the world. We are currently filing for acceptance in key countries around the world.

 

We have secured U.S. registrations for the marks “TiVo,” the TiVo Logo, TiVo Smile Design, “TiVo Central,” “Can’t Miss TV,” “Ipreview,” “TiVoMatic,” “TV Your Way,” “What you want, when you want it,” “TiVolution,” and the Jump Logo. We have filed many other trademark applications covering substantially all of our trade dress, logos, and slogans, including: “Active Preview,” “DIRECTIVO,” “Overtime Scheduler,” “Personal TV,” “Primetime Anytime,” “Season Pass,” “See it, want it, get it,” “Thumbs Down” (logo and text), “Thumbs Up” (logo and text), “TiVo Series2” (logo and text), “Home Media Option,” “Wishlist,” and “Life is too short for bad TV.” These applications are currently pending with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Additionally, we have international trademark applications pending for several of these trademarks. We have licensed the use of our name and logo to some of our customers and consumer electronics manufacturers.

 

We anticipate ongoing progress in our establishment of a defensible and useful intellectual property portfolio; however, there can be no assurance that current patent applications will ever be allowed or granted. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Factors that May Affect Future Operating Results – Our success depends on our ability to secure and protect patents, trademarks, and other proprietary rights” for additional information concerning our intellectual property.

 

Privacy Policy

 

We have adopted a privacy policy, which we make available on our website and deliver to each new subscriber to the TiVo service. This policy was last updated in August 2003 to cover new commerce features that we plan to introduce in the future. This policy explains that we collect certain types of information such as anonymous viewing and diagnostic information, but all viewing information that is linked or associated with an individual identity will not be disclosed without the viewer’s affirmative consent. We further give subscribers the ability to “opt-out” from the collection of anonymous viewing information and diagnostic information log files.

 

We have designed a system that ensures that any viewing information transmitted from our receiver is anonymous on the receiver and remains unidentifiable to a particular viewer (known as anonymous viewing information), unless that subscriber affirmatively consents to such identification before any viewing data leaves the receiver. Anonymous viewing information is collected separately from any information that identifies a viewer personally. As a result, unless subscribers affirmatively consent to the collection of personally identifiable viewing information before the file containing such viewing information is transmitted from the receiver to our distribution servers, we have no way of matching anonymous viewing information with particular subscribers. We may be able to use this anonymous information to tell a broadcast or advertising client the percentage of our viewers that recorded a particular program or advertisement, but we will not know, nor be able to tell the client, which of our viewers did so, unless a viewer decides to provide that information.

 

Employees

 

At April 1, 2004, we employed approximately 304 employees, including 34 in service operations, 180 in research and development, 30 in sales and marketing, and 60 in general and administration. We also employ, from time to time, a number of temporary and part-time employees as well as consultants on a contract basis. At April 1, 2004, we employed 61 such persons. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to attract, train, retain, and motivate highly qualified employees. We may not be successful in attracting and retaining such personnel. Our employees are not represented by a collective bargaining organization and we have never experienced a work stoppage or strike. Our management considers employee relations to be good.

 

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Executive Officers and Key Employees (as of April 1, 2004):

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


Executive Officers

         

Michael Ramsay

   54    Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Martin Yudkovitz

   49    President

David H. Courtney

   45    Executive Vice President Worldwide Operations and Administration and Chief Financial Officer

Brodie Keast

   48    Executive Vice President TiVo Service

James Barton

   46    Senior Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Technical Officer

Ta-Wei Chien

   49    Senior Vice President, General Manager of TiVo Technologies and Licensing Business

Mark A. Roberts

   43    Senior Vice President of Engineering

Key Employees

         

Susan Cashen

   43    Vice President of Marketing

Andrew Cresci

   43    Vice President of New Business Development

Rob Currie

   36    Vice President of Market Development

Ken Kershner

   43    Vice President of Service Engineering

Luther Kitahata

   39    Vice President of Software Engineering

Jeff Klugman

   43    Vice President of Platform Business

Edward Lichty

   34    Vice President of Business Development

Howard Look

   37    Vice President of Applications and User Experience

Joe Miller

   37    Vice President of Sales

Laura Schulte

   38    Vice President of Human Resources

Stuart West

   34    Vice President of Finance

Matthew Zinn

   39    Vice President, General Counsel, Corporate Secretary, and Chief Privacy Officer

 

Michael Ramsay is a co-founder of TiVo and has served as TiVo’s Chairman of the Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer since our inception in August 1997. From April 1996 to July 1997, Mr. Ramsay was the Senior Vice President of the Silicon Desktop Group for Silicon Graphics, a manufacturer of advanced graphics computers. From August 1994 to April 1996, Mr. Ramsay was President of Silicon Studio, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Silicon Graphics, Inc. (“SGI”) focused on enabling applications development for emerging interactive media markets. From July 1991 to August 1994, Mr. Ramsay served as the Senior Vice President and General Manager of Silicon Graphics’ Visual Systems Group. Mr. Ramsay also held the positions of vice president and general manager for the Entry Systems Division of SGI. Prior to 1986, Mr. Ramsay held research & development and engineering management positions at Hewlett-Packard and Convergent Technologies. Additionally, Mr. Ramsay serves on the board of directors of Netflix, Inc., an online DVD rental service. Mr. Ramsay holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland.

 

Martin Yudkovitz joined TiVo in April 2003 as President. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Yudkovitz was an Executive Vice President of NBC since July 2000 and President of NBC Digital Media since November of 1995. Mr. Yudkovitz had a leading role in the development and launch of CNBC, NBC’s first entry into cable TV, MSNBC, NBC’s second cable TV venture, and MSNBC.com, an Internet news site. During his tenure, Mr. Yudkovitz also founded NBC Digital Media, and both created and supervised NBC’s extensive relationship with Microsoft, which resulted in the joint ventures of MSNBC.com, NBC.com and NBCSports.com, to name a few. Mr. Yudkovitz serves on the board of directors of A&E/The History Channel, as well as several other non-public corporate boards. He also serves as a member of the board of trustees of Rutgers University, as well as the boards of several other non-profit/charitable foundations. Mr. Yudkovitz holds a B.A. degree in Political Science from Rutgers University and a J.D. degree from Columbia University School of Law.

 

David H. Courtney joined TiVo in March 1999 as Chief Financial Officer and is currently Executive Vice President of Worldwide Operations and Administration, Chief Financial Officer, and a member of the board of directors. From May 1995 to July 1998, Mr. Courtney served as a Managing Director at J.P. Morgan, an investment bank, where he was

 

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responsible for building and expanding the firm’s high technology investment banking business in the United States. From 1986 to 1995, Mr. Courtney was a member of the high technology investment banking group at Goldman, Sachs & Co., most recently serving as Vice President. Mr. Courtney currently serves as a director of KQED Television, a non-profit affiliate of the Public Broadcasting System in San Francisco, California and serves on the board of directors of Silicon Image Inc., a semiconductor and system solutions company. Mr. Courtney holds a B.A. degree in Economics from Dartmouth College and an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Business School.

 

Brodie Keast was named Executive Vice President of TiVo Service in March 2004. He had served as Senior Vice President, General Manager of TiVo service since November 2001. In December 1999, Mr. Keast joined TiVo as Vice President of Sales and Marketing. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Keast was employed with Quantum Corporation from 1996 through 1999 most recently serving as Vice President and General Manager for Quantum’s DLT Tape Division. Prior to joining Quantum, he spent ten years at Apple Computer where he held a number of executive marketing positions. Mr. Keast holds a B.S. degree in Computer Science from California State University, Chico.

 

James Barton is a co-founder of TiVo and has served as TiVo’s Vice President of Research and Development, Chief Technical Officer and Director since our inception to January 2004 and is currently Senior Vice President of Research and Development and Chief Technical Officer. From June 1996 to August 1997, Mr. Barton was President and Chief Executive Officer of Network Age Software, Inc., a company that he founded to develop software products targeted at managed electronic distribution. From November 1994 to May 1996, Mr. Barton served as Chief Technical Officer of Interactive Digital Solutions Company, a joint venture of Silicon Graphics and AT&T Network Systems created to develop interactive television systems. From June 1993 to November 1994, Mr. Barton served as Vice President and General Manager of the Media Systems Division of SGI. From January 1990 to May 1991, Mr. Barton served as Vice President and General Manager for the Systems Software Division of Silicon Graphics. Prior to joining SGI, Mr. Barton held technical and management positions with Hewlett-Packard and Bell Laboratories. Mr. Barton holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and an M.S. degree in Computer Science from the University of Colorado at Boulder.

 

Ta-Wei Chien has served as Senior Vice President and General Manager of TiVo Technology and Licensing Business since November 2001. Previously, Mr. Chien served as TiVo’s Vice President of Engineering and Operations from February 1998. From December 1996 to February 1998, Mr. Chien served as Vice President of Engineering in the Desktop Workstations group at SGI, where he managed engineering projects for desktop workstations. From April 1991 to December 1996, Mr. Chien was a director of digital media and VLSI engineering at SGI. Mr. Chien holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from National Taiwan University and an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles.

 

Mark A. Roberts was named Senior Vice President of Engineering in December 2002. He had served as Chief Information Officer of TiVo since March 1999 and Vice President of Information Technology since July 1999. Prior to joining TiVo, he served as Vice President of Information Technology at Acuson Corporation, a medical ultrasound company, from March 1996 to March 1999. From July 1990 to March 1996, Mr. Roberts was Director of Information Systems at SGI. Mr. Roberts holds a B.S. degree in Economics from Santa Clara University.

 

Susan Cashen was named Vice President of Marketing in February 2003. She joined TiVo in March 2000 as Vice President of Corporate Communications. From November 1994 to March 2000, Ms. Cashen was employed at Blanc & Otus, a leading technology public relations firm based in San Francisco, California and most recently served as Senior Vice President and Partner from March 1999 to March 2000. Prior to joining Blanc & Otus, Ms. Cashen managed her own consulting practice. Ms. Cashen holds a B.A. degree in Russian Studies from Hamilton College.

 

Andrew Cresci was named Vice President of New Business Development in September 2002. Prior to that, has served as Vice President and General Manager of TiVo (UK) since November 2000. In August 1999, Mr. Cresci co-founded TapCast, a California based wireless Internet portal. Prior to founding TapCast Mr. Cresci was Director of Worldwide Marketing for the workstation division at SGI for eight years. Mr. Cresci holds a B.S. degree in Electronics Engineering from the University of Bath, England.

 

Rob Currie joined TiVo as Vice President of Market Development in January 2004 as part of TiVo’s acquisition of Strangeberry, Inc. where he was CEO from December 2002 to January 2004. From October 2001 to November 2002, Mr. Currie was a co-founder and principle at Airgomo S.L., a Spanish wireless software consultancy. From August 1996 to January 2000, Mr. Currie was Vice President of Engineering at Marimba Inc., an Internet infrastructure software company. Mr. Currie holds a B.S, degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley and an M.B.A. degree from the University of Chicago.

 

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Ken Kershner joined TiVo in July 2000 and is currently Vice President, Service Engineering. Previously he served as Engineering VP at TenTV.com, a streaming media educational services firm. From March 1991 to August 1999, Mr. Kershner held engineering and program management positions at SGI focused on digital media and web applications. Prior to SGI, Mr. Kershner worked at Hewlett Packard and Texas Instruments. Mr. Kershner holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Duke University and an M.B.A. degree from M.I.T.’s Sloan School.

 

Luther Kitahata has served as Vice President of Software Engineering since October 2000. He joined TiVo in 1998 as the Director of Software. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Kitahata was part of the founding team at Navio Communications (now Liberate Technologies) where he worked in both managerial and engineering capacities from April of 1996 to January 1998. Prior to 1996, Mr. Kitahata was founder and Director of Engineering of E-Motion, a leading provider of content distribution and multimedia collaboration systems. Mr. Kitahata holds an M.S. degree and a B.A. degree with honors in Computer Science from Brown University.

 

Jeff Klugman has served as Vice President of Platform Business since December 2001. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Klugman was CEO of PointsBeyond.com, an internet-portal start-up focused on outdoor activities and adventures. In 1999, Mr. Klugman was Vice President of Marketing and Business Development for one of Quantum’s business units. Mr. Klugman holds a B.S. degree in engineering from Carnegie Mellon University and an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Business School.

 

Edward Lichty was named Vice President of Business Development in November 2002. Prior to joining TiVo in April 1998, Mr. Lichty was a member of the finance team at International Wireless Communications, a wireless service provider with operating companies in Latin America and Asia. Mr. Lichty began his career in the investment banking group at Stephens Inc., a privately-held firm located in Little Rock, AR. Mr. Lichty received a B.A. degree in American Literature from Yale University and holds an M.B.A. degree from the Stanford Business School.

 

Howard Look has served as Vice President of Applications and User Experience in June 2003. He had served as Vice President of TiVo Studios since March 2000. He joined TiVo in February 1998 as Director of Application Software. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Look was Manager and the Director of Applied Engineering at SGI from 1996 to 1998. Mr. Look holds a B.S degree in Computer Engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University.

 

Joe Miller has served as Vice President of Sales since October 2000. From June 1999 to October 2000, Mr. Miller served as Director of Channel Marketing for TiVo. Prior to joining TiVo, Mr. Miller was employed with U.S. Satellite Broadcasting from 1994 to 1999, most recently serving as General Manager of Retail Sales. Prior to joining U.S. Satellite Broadcasting, Mr. Miller was National Sales Manager for Cox Satellite Programming. Mr. Miller holds a B.A. degree in Public Relations from Southwest Texas State University.

 

Laura Schulte joined TiVo as Vice President of Human Resources in July 2002. Prior to TiVo, Ms. Schulte served as Vice President of Human Resources for Blue Pumpkin Software. Ms. Schulte also worked as Vice President of Human Resources for Netigy Corporation and prior to that, held numerous positions within the Human Resources department at Western Digital Corporation, where she was responsible for the management of all HR activities. Ms. Schulte holds a B.A. degree in Psychology from UC Irvine.

 

Stuart West has served as Vice President of Finance since November 2002. Prior to joining TiVo in December 2000, Mr. West was a business development executive at venture-backed Silicon Valley software and service startups. Prior to that, Mr. West was a Vice President at J. P. Morgan, where he managed mergers, IPO’s, and other financings for technology companies. Mr. West’s other work experience includes Texas Instruments, the U.S. State Department, and the White House. He holds a B.A. in History from Yale University and completed the Stanford Business School’s Executive Program for Growing Companies.

 

Matthew Zinn has served as Vice President, General Counsel, and Chief Privacy Officer since July 2000 and as Corporate Secretary since November 2003. From May 1998 to July 2000, Mr. Zinn was the Senior Attorney, Broadband Law and Policy for the MediaOne Group, a leading global communications company. From August 1995 to May 1998, Mr. Zinn served as corporate counsel for Continental Cablevision, the third largest cable television operator in the United States. From November 1993 to August 1995, he was an associate with the Washington, D.C., law firm of Cole, Raywid & Braverman, where he represented cable operators in federal, state, and local matters. Mr. Zinn holds a B.A. degree in Political Science from the University of Vermont and holds a J.D. degree from the George Washington University National Law Center

 

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Other Information

 

TiVo was incorporated in August 1997 as a Delaware corporation and is located in Alviso, California. In August of 2000, we formed a wholly owned subsidiary, TiVo (UK) Ltd., in the United Kingdom. In October of 2001, we formed a subsidiary, TiVo International, Inc., a Delaware corporation. On January 12, 2004, we acquired Strangeberry, Inc., a small Palo Alto based technology company specializing in using home network and broadband technologies to create new entertainment experiences on television.

 

We maintain an Internet website at the following address: www.tivo.com. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this annual report on Form 10-K.

 

We make available on or through our website certain reports and amendments to those reports that we file with or furnish to the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Securities Exchange Act”). These include our annual reports on Form 10-K, our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and our current reports on Form 8-K. We make this information available on or through our website free of charge as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the information with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

 

ITEM 2.   PROPERTIES

 

Properties

 

Our corporate headquarters, which houses our administrative, sales and marketing, customer service and product development activities, is located in Alviso, California, under a lease that expires in March 2007. We believe that our corporate facilities will be adequate to meet our office space needs for the next several years as we currently utilize approximately 85% of the total office space. Our facilities lease obligations are subject to periodic increases and we believe that our existing facilities are well maintained and in good operating condition.

 

Additionally, we currently lease international office space in Berkshire, United Kingdom under a lease that expires in March 2006. We have vacated this facility and no longer maintain an office in the United Kingdom.

 

ITEM 3.   LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

EchoStar Communications Litigation. On January 5, 2004, we filed a complaint against EchoStar Communications Corporation in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Texas alleging willful and deliberate infringement of U.S. Patent No. 6,233,389, entitled “Multimedia Time Warping System.” On January 15, 2004, we amended our complaint to add EchoStar DBS Corporation, EchoStar Technologies Corporation, and Echosphere Limited Liability Corporation as additional defendants. We allege that we are the owner of this patent, and further allege that the defendants have willfully and deliberately infringed this patent by making, selling, offering to sell and/or selling digital video recording devices, digital video recording device software, and/or personal television services in the United States. On March 2, 2004, EchoStar filed its answer to TiVo’s complaint, moved to dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction, and moved to transfer the case from the Eastern District of Texas to the Northern District of California. TiVo intends to oppose these motions. We seek unspecified monetary damages as well as an injunction against the defendants’ further infringement of the patent. We could incur material expenses in this litigation.

 

Indemnification of Sony Corporation Against Command Audio Corporation Lawsuit. On February 5, 2002, Sony Corporation notified us that Command Audio Corporation had filed a complaint against Sony Electronics, Inc. on February 2, 2002 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. The complaint alleges that, in connection with its sale of digital video recorders and other products, Sony infringes upon two patents owned by Command Audio (U.S. Patent Nos. 5,590,195 (“Information Dissemination Using Various Transmission Modes”) and 6,330,334 (“Method and System for Information Dissemination Using Television Signals”). The complaint seeks injunctive relief, compensatory and treble damages and Command Audio’s costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees. Under the terms of our agreement with Sony governing the

 

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distribution of certain DVRs that enable the TiVo service, we are required to indemnify Sony against any and all claims, damages, liabilities, costs, and expenses relating to claims that our technology infringes upon intellectual property rights owned by third parties. We believe Sony has meritorious defenses against this lawsuit; however, due to our indemnification obligations, we are incurring material expenses in connection with this litigation. If Sony were to lose this lawsuit, our business could be harmed.

 

Pause Technology LLC. On September 25, 2001, Pause Technology filed a complaint against us in the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts alleging infringement of U.S. Reissue Patent No. 36,801, entitled “Time Delayed Digital Video System Using Concurrent Recording and Playback.” Pause Technology alleges that it is the owner of this patent, and further alleges that we have willfully and deliberately infringed this patent by making, selling, offering to sell, and using within the United States the TiVo digital video recorder. Pause Technology seeks unspecified monetary damages as well as an injunction against our operations. It also seeks attorneys’ fees and costs. On February 6, 2004, we obtained a favorable summary judgment ruling in the case filed against us in 2001 by Pause Technology LLC in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. The court ruled that our software versions 2.0 and above do not infringe Pause’s patent, and accordingly has ordered that judgment be entered in our favor. On March 3, 2004, Pause Technology filed a notice of appeal to the United States Court of Appeal for the Federal Circuit, appealing the February 6, 2004 summary judgment ruling in favor of TiVo.

 

IPO Litigation. We and certain of our officers and directors are named as defendants in a consolidated securities class action lawsuit filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. This action, which is captioned Wercberger v. TiVo et al., also names several of the underwriters involved in our initial public offering as defendants. This class action is brought on behalf of a purported class of purchasers of our common stock from September 30, 1999, the time of our initial public offering, through December 6, 2000. The central allegation in this action is that our IPO underwriters solicited and received undisclosed commissions from, and entered into undisclosed arrangements with, certain investors who purchased our common stock in our IPO and in the after-market. The complaint also alleges that the TiVo defendants violated the federal securities laws by failing to disclose in our IPO prospectus that the underwriters had engaged in these allegedly undisclosed arrangements. More than 150 issuers have been named in similar lawsuits. In July 2002, an omnibus motion to dismiss all complaints against issuers and individual defendants affiliated with issuers (including the TiVo defendants) was filed by the entire group of issuer defendants in these similar actions. On October 8, 2002, our officers were dismissed as defendants in the lawsuit. On February 19, 2003, the court in this action issued its decision on defendants’ omnibus motion to dismiss. This decision dismissed the Section 10(b) claim as to TiVo but denied the motion to dismiss the Section 11 claim as to TiVo and virtually all of the other issuer-defendants.

 

On June 26, 2003, the plaintiffs announced a proposed settlement with us and the other issuer defendants. The proposed settlement provides that the insurers of all settling issuers will guarantee that the plaintiffs recover $1 billion from non-settling defendants, including the investment banks who acted as underwriters in those offerings. In the event that the plaintiffs do not recover $1 billion, the insurers for the settling issuers will make up the difference. Under the proposed settlement, the maximum amount that could be charged to our insurance policy in the event that the plaintiffs recovered nothing from the investment banks would be approximately $3.9 million. We believe that we have sufficient insurance coverage to cover the maximum amount that we may be responsible for under the proposed settlement. Our board of directors approved the proposed settlement at a meeting held on June 25, 2003. It is possible that the parties may not reach agreement on the final settlement documents or that the Federal District Court may not approve the settlement in whole or part. In the event that the parties do not reach agreement on the final settlement, we believe we have meritorious defenses and intend to defend this action vigorously; however, we could be forced to incur material expenses in the litigation, and in the event there is an adverse outcome, our business could be harmed.

 

ITEM 4.   SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the quarter ended January 31, 2004.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5.   MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

Market Information for Common Equity

 

Our common stock has traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “TIVO” since September 30, 1999. Prior to that time, there was no public trading market for our common stock. As of April 1, 2004, we had 807 stockholders of record.

 

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market, on any trading day during the respective period:

 

Fiscal Year 2004


   High

   Low

Fourth Quarter ended January 31, 2004

   $ 11.74    $ 6.11

Third Quarter ended October 31, 2003

   $ 11.62    $ 7.12

Second Quarter ended July 31, 2003

   $ 14.51    $ 5.71

First Quarter ended April 30, 2003

   $ 6.49    $ 4.40

Fiscal Year 2003


         

Fourth Quarter ended January 31, 2003

   $ 8.10    $ 4.18

Third Quarter ended October 31, 2002

   $ 4.94    $ 2.50

Second Quarter ended July 31, 2002

   $ 5.00    $ 2.25

First Quarter ended April 30, 2002

   $ 7.15    $ 3.70

 

On April 1, 2004, the closing price of our common stock was $9.15 per share.

 

Dividend Policy

 

We paid no cash dividends during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 and we expect to continue our current policy of paying no cash dividends to holders of our common stock for the foreseeable future.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

Strangeberry Merger. On January 12, 2004 we acquired Strangeberry Inc. (“Strangeberry”), a small Palo Alto based technology company specializing in using home network and broadband technologies to create new entertainment experiences on television. Strangeberry has created technology, based on industry standards and including a collection of protocols and tools, designed to enable the development of new broadband-based content delivery services. Pursuant to an agreement and plan of merger with Strangeberry Inc. and certain stockholders of Strangeberry, we issued 216,760 shares of TiVo common stock, par value $.001 per share, in exchange for all of the issued and outstanding capital stock of Strangeberry and we issued 108,382 shares of restricted stock to four key employees of Strangeberry, in a private placement exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act.

 

A total of eight former common and preferred stockholders of Strangeberry received shares of our common stock in connection with the merger, including the four key employees, each of whom represented to us that they were “accredited investors” within the meaning of Rule 501 of Regulation D and/or had such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that they were capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment in our common stock as required by Rule 506 of Regulation D. The stockholders also represented to us that they were acquiring the shares of common stock for their own account and not with a view to distribution or other disposition in violation of the Securities Act. The shares of common stock were issued with restrictive legends permitting transfer only upon registration or an exemption under the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws.

 

To enable the resale of these shares by these stockholders, we filed a registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-112836) on February 13, 2004, as amended on March 12, 2004. The registration statement was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 15, 2004.

 

Conversion of Notes. On January 16, 2004, we issued 2,506,265 shares of our common stock to a related party noteholder upon conversion of $10,000,000 aggregate principal amount of our 7% Convertible Senior Notes due 2007 at the then current conversion price of $3.99 per share. The issuance of these shares of common stock was exempt from registration pursuant to Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act.

 

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ITEM 6.   SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following selected financial data as of and for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively, have been derived from our consolidated financial statements audited by KPMG LLP, independent auditors. Additionally, the following selected financial data as of and for the one-month transition period ended January 31, 2001 and calendar years ended December 31, 2000 and 1999 have been derived from our consolidated financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent auditors. These historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for any future period.

 

The data set forth below (in thousands, except per share data) should be read in conjunction with Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and the consolidated financial statements included in Item 8. “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

 

     Year Ended

    Year Ended

    Year Ended

    One-Month
Ended


    Year Ended

    Year Ended

 
     January 31,
2004


    January 31,
2003


    January 31,
2002


    January 31,
2001


    December 31,
2000


    December 31,
1999


 
     (in thousands, except per share data)  

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:

                                                

Revenues

                                                

Service revenues

   $ 61,560     $ 39,261     $ 19,297     $ 989     $ 3,782     $ 223  

Technology revenues

     15,797       20,909       100       —         —         —    

Hardware revenues

     72,882       45,620       —         —         —         —    

Rebates, revenue share, and other payments to the channel

     (9,159 )     (9,780 )     —         (630 )     (5,029 )     (667 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net Revenues

     141,080       96,010       19,397       359       (1,247 )     (444 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Costs and expenses

                                                

Cost of service revenues

     17,705       17,119       19,852       1,719       18,734       4,183  

Cost of technology revenues

     13,609       8,033       62       —         —         —    

Cost of hardware revenues

     74,836       44,647       —         —         —         —    

Research and development

     22,167       20,714       27,205       2,544       25,070       10,158  

Sales and marketing

     18,947       48,117       104,897       13,946       151,658       39,183  

General and administrative

     16,296       14,465       18,875       1,395       15,537       7,834  

Other operating expense, net

     —         —         —         —         —         7,210  
    


 


 


 


 


 


Loss from operations

     (22,480 )     (57,085 )     (151,494 )     (19,245 )     (212,246 )     (69,012 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Interest income

     498       4,483       2,163       672       7,928       2,913  

Interest expense and other

     (9,587 )     (27,569 )     (7,374 )     (17 )     (522 )     (466 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Loss before income taxes

     (31,569 )     (80,171 )     (156,705 )     (18,590 )     (204,840 )     (66,565 )

Provision for income taxes

     (449 )     (425 )     (1,000 )     —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss

     (32,018 )     (80,596 )     (157,705 )     (18,590 )     (204,840 )     (66,565 )

Less: Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend

     —         (220 )     (3,018 )     (423 )     (1,514 )     —    

Less: Accretion to redemption value of Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock

     —         (1,445 )     —         —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (32,018 )   $ (82,261 )   $ (160,723 )   $ (19,013 )   $ (206,354 )   $ (66,565 )
    


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss per share

                                                

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.48 )   $ (1.61 )   $ (3.74 )   $ (0.47 )   $ (5.55 )   $ (5.49 )

Weighted average shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share

     66,784       51,219       42,956       40,850       37,175       12,129  

 

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     As of January 31,

   As of January 31,

    As of January 31,

    As of January 31,

   As of December 31,

     2004

   2003

    2002

    2001

   2000

     (in thousands)

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:

                                    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 143,235    $ 44,201     $ 52,327     $ 124,474    $ 106,096

Total assets

     183,891      82,320       149,934       211,543      236,318

Current redeemable convertible preferred stock

     —        —         2       2      3

Long-term portion of convertible notes payable

     6,005      4,265       18,315       —        —  

Long-term portion of convertible notes payable-related parties

     —        3,920       9,426       —        —  

Long-term portion of deferred revenues

     41,895      32,373       23,552       12,113      11,013

Long-term portion of obligations under capital lease

     —        —         2       538      606

Redeemable common stock

     —        —         —         —        1

Total paid-in capital for current redeemable convertible preferred stock and redeemable common stock

     —        —         46,553       46,553      96,986

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

     65,632      (24,697 )     (29,944 )     50,337      34,849

 

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Table of Contents

Quarterly Results of Operations

 

The following table represents certain unaudited statement of operations data for our eight most recent quarters ended January 31, 2004. In management’s opinion, this unaudited information has been prepared on the same basis as the audited annual financial statements and includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair representation of the unaudited information for the quarters presented. This information should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The results of operations for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any future period. Prior quarters have been reclassified in order to conform to current quarter classifications.

 

     Three Months Ended

 
    

Jan 31,

2004


    Oct 31,
2003


    Jul 31,
2003


    Apr 30,
2003


     Jan 31,
2003


     Oct 31,
2002


     Jul 31,
2002


     Apr 30,
2002


 
     (unaudited, in thousands except per share data)  

Revenues

                                                                    

Service revenues

   $ 19,083     $ 16,018     $ 13,757     $ 12,702      $ 11,350      $ 10,185      $ 9,510      $ 8,216  

Technology revenues

     2,126       6,656       3,649       3,366        2,365        2,556        14,344        1,644  

Hardware revenues

     25,537       24,479       8,057       14,809        14,511        16,220        11,109        3,780  

Rebates, revenue share, and other payments to channel

     (4,114 )     (3,897 )     1,209       (2,357 )      (5,212 )      (3,968 )      —          (600 )
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Net revenues

     42,632       43,256       26,672       28,520        23,014        24,993        34,963        13,040  

Costs of Revenues

                                                                    

Cost of service revenues

     5,252       4,370       3,909       4,174        4,719        3,852        4,387        4,161  

Cost of technology revenues

     2,496       4,464       3,020       3,629        2,110        1,442        3,189        1,292  

Cost of hardware revenues

     26,687       25,413       8,558       14,178        14,048        15,588        11,346        3,665  
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Total costs of revenues

     34,435       34,247       15,487       21,981        20,877        20,882        18,922        9,118  
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Gross margin

     8,197       9,009       11,185       6,539        2,137        4,111        16,041        3,922  

Operating Expenses

                                                                    

Research and development

     5,474       5,432       5,789       5,472        6,319        4,875        4,518        5,002  

Sales and marketing

     4,742       5,704       4,502       3,999        3,965        4,333        9,042        30,777  

General and administrative

     4,508       3,949       4,061       3,778        3,365        3,752        3,589        3,759  
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Loss from operations

     (6,527 )     (6,076 )     (3,167 )     (6,710 )      (11,512 )      (8,849 )      (1,108 )      (35,616 )

Interest income

     135       133       116       114        149        89        146        4,099  

Interest expense and other

     (5,672 )     (1,330 )     (1,311 )     (1,274 )      (21,003 )      (2,609 )      (1,965 )      (1,992 )
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Loss before income taxes

     (12,064 )     (7,273 )     (4,362 )     (7,870 )      (32,366 )      (11,369 )      (2,927 )      (33,509 )

Provision for income taxes

     (297 )     (115 )     (25 )     (12 )      (164 )      (150 )      (111 )      —    
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Net loss

     (12,361 )     (7,388 )     (4,387 )     (7,882 )      (32,530 )      (11,519 )      (3,038 )      (33,509 )

Less: Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock dividend

     —         —         —         —          —          —          —          (220 )

Less: Accretion to redemption value of convertible preferred

Stock

     —         —         —         —          —          —          —          (1,445 )
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (12,361 )   $ (7,388 )   $ (4,387 )   $ (7,882 )    $ (32,530 )    $ (11,519 )    $ (3,038 )    $ (35,174 )
    


 


 


 


  


  


  


  


Net loss per share

                                                                    

Basic and diluted

   $ (0.18 )   $ (0.11 )   $ (0.07 )   $ (0.12 )    $ (0.56 )    $ (0.23 )    $ (0.06 )    $ (0.74 )

Weighted average shares used to calculate basic and diluted net loss per share

     69,055       68,226       65,834       64,021        58,496        51,041        47,994        47,344  

 

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Table of Contents
ITEM 7.   MANAGEMENTS DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the notes included elsewhere in this Annual Report and the section “Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results” at the end of this Item 7, as well as other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere in this Report, before deciding to purchase, sell or hold our common stock.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading provider of technology and services for digital video recorders, or DVRs, a rapidly growing consumer electronics category. Our subscription-based TiVo service improves home entertainment by providing consumers with an easy way to record, watch, and control television. The TiVo service also offers the television industry a platform for advertisers, content delivery, and audience research. Key elements of our strategy revolve around continued investment in technology, research and development and innovation; partnering with service providers; extending and protecting our intellectual property and continuing to promote and leverage the TiVo brand; and working to improve profitability, market share, and financial strength. Our financial strength and ability to adapt to the current market and economic conditions are dependent in part on our generation of cash flow, effective management of working capital, funding commitments, and other obligations as well as the growth of our business.

 

Executive Overview and Outlook

 

During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, we achieved our two key objectives for the year, which were (i) growth in subscriptions and revenues and (ii) reduction in cash flow used in operations from the prior fiscal year. Our total installed subscription base more than doubled during the fiscal year. The quarterly subscription growth showed strong improvement. Subscription additions in the fourth quarter of the fiscal year 2004 were 330,000, which were more than the entire installed subscription base from two years ago. We also reduced our cash usage for the fiscal year 2004 by continuing to reduce our operating expenses. Additionally, we improved our cash balance significantly during the year by raising over $100 million in capital from the issuance of common stock, resulting in a year-end cash and cash equivalents balance of $143.2 million, our strongest position in 3 years. The achievement of these goals has put us in a strong financial position for the fiscal year 2005. For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005 we plan to significantly increase our investment in subscription acquisition activities with a focus on growing TiVo Service subscriptions. We anticipate the majority of this investment will be in connection with the 2004 holiday shopping season. We believe this investment can create incremental revenue, profits, and cash flows and put us on a long-term growth trajectory towards creating sustainable profitability.

 

The following table sets forth selected information as of our fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Net revenues

   $ 141,080     $ 96,010     $ 19,397  

Cost of revenues

     (106,150 )     (69,799 )     (19,914 )

Operating expenses

     (57,410 )     (83,296 )     (150,977 )
    


 


 


Loss from operations

   $ (22,480 )   $ (57,085 )   $ (151,494 )
    


 


 


Cash flows from operations

   $ (7,703 )   $ (33,170 )   $ (120,836 )
    


 


 


 

Net Revenues. Our net revenues increased $45.1 million during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 compared to the prior fiscal year. Approximately 60% of this growth was a result of increased hardware revenues due to increased volume of TiVo-enabled DVRs sold to retailers and consumers. The continued growth in our installed subscription base also contributed to the increase in our net revenues. We have added more than 1 million net new TiVo Service and DIRECTV subscriptions in the last three years.

 

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Cost of Revenues. The costs of our revenues increased by approximately 52% during the fiscal year 2004 primarily because of increased cost of hardware revenues. This cost increased over $30.2 million, or approximately 68%, compared to the prior fiscal year due to continued increases in our TiVo-enabled DVR manufacturing volume. Cost of service revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased modestly compared to the prior fiscal year.

 

Operating Expenses. Over the last three years, our operating expenses have decreased primarily due to reductions in sales and marketing expenses. We expect operating expenses to increase due to the planned increased spending on subscriber acquisition activities.

 

Cash Flows from Operations. We expect cash flows from operations in the fiscal year 2005 to decline due to higher operating expenses attributable to our planned increased subscription acquisition activities.

 

Key Business Metrics

 

Management periodically reviews certain key business metrics in order to evaluate the effectiveness of our operational strategies, allocate resources, and maximize the financial performance of our business. These key business metrics include subscription growth and cash flows used in operations.

 

Subscription Growth

 

Management believes this metric provides an important leading indicator of revenue generation in future years. Management uses it to help evaluate the execution and performance of TiVo’s and DIRECTV’s marketing programs in acquiring new subscriptions and retaining existing subscriptions. We define a “Subscription” as a TiVo-enabled DVR for which (i) a customer has paid for the TiVo service and (ii) service is not canceled. DVRs with the TiVo Basic service that do not upgrade to the TiVo service are not included in our subscription totals. As of January 31, 2004, our total installed Subscription base was approximately 1,332,000, over twice the installed base as of January 31, 2003. Included in the 1,332,000 subscriptions are approximately 14,000 product lifetime subscriptions that had reached the end of the four-year period we use to recognize lifetime subscription revenues.

 

Below is a table that details the growth in our Subscription base during the past eight quarters. The TiVo Service line items refer to subscriptions sold to customers who have TiVo-enabled DVRs and products, including those manufactured by TiVo, Sony, Pioneer, Toshiba, Philips, and others. The DIRECTV line items refer to subscriptions sold to customers who have integrated DIRECTV satellite receivers with TiVo. Additionally, we provide a breakdown of the percent of TiVo Service Subscriptions for which consumers pay a recurring fee.

 

DIRECTV reports and pays us monthly subscription fees on a per-household basis. For households with multiple DVRs, we count each DVR as a Subscription. For the month of January 2004, DIRECTV paid us for approximately 576,000 households, which represented approximately 676,000 subscriptions. As a result, there were approximately 100,000 DIRECTV satellite receivers with TiVo for which we receive no additional payment from DIRECTV.

 

In January 2004, we recognized approximately $1.62 in average subscription revenue per DIRECTV subscription, excluding advertising and audience research revenues, compared to approximately $4.27 in January 2003. We expect the average monthly subscription revenue per DIRECTV subscription to decline in the future as the mix of DIRECTV subscriptions shifts to the rapidly growing number of additions of new DIRECTV subscriptions, which involve no acquisition costs, lower recurring expenses, and lower subscription fees.

 

     Three Months Ended

 

(Subscriptions in thousands)


   Jan 31,
2004


    Oct 31,
2003


    Jul 31,
2003


    Apr 30,
2003


    Jan 31,
2003


    Oct 31,
2002


    Jul 31,
2002


    Apr 30,
2002


 

TiVo Service

   130     59     34     37     75     30     21     24  

DIRECTV

   200     150     56     42     39     16     21     18  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Subscriptions Net Additions

   330     209     90     79     114     46     42     42  

TiVo Service

   656     526     467     433     396     321     291     270  

DIRECTV

   676     476     326     270     228     189     173     152  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Cumulative Subscriptions

   1,332     1,002     793     703     624     510     464     422  

% of TiVo Service Cumulative Subscriptions paying recurring fees

   40 %   36 %   34 %   34 %   34 %   34 %   33 %   34 %
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

During the three months ended January 31, 2004, we added approximately 130,000 net new TiVo Service subscriptions. This represents growth of approximately 73% compared to the number of subscriptions added during the three months ended January 31, 2003. Consumer demand for TiVo-enabled DVR and DVD products was driven by broad availability and strong support in the retail channel, a $50 rebate program that began in September 2003, and increased consumer awareness of TiVo. We intend to generate continued TiVo Service subscription growth through managing our relationships with leading retailers like Best Buy, Circuit City, and others. Of the 130,000 net new TiVo Service subscriptions, during the three months ended January 31, 2004, approximately 55% elected the monthly recurring payment option.

 

During the three months ended January 31, 2004, we added approximately 200,000 net new subscriptions through DIRECTV. This represents growth of over 5 times the number of new DIRECTV subscriptions added in the quarter ending January 31, 2003. DIRECTV has increased its focus in driving demand for DIRECTV with TiVo, including increased marketing investment directed at existing DIRECTV customers.

 

Cash Flows Used in Operations

 

Management reviews this metric to aid it in evaluating our operating results. One of management’s key objectives for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 was to improve cash flows used in operations from the prior fiscal year. This was accomplished by decreasing net loss by approximately 60% as compared to the prior fiscal year. This resulted in a 77% reduction of net cash used in operating activities. Management expects that net cash used in operating activities for the fiscal year 2005 will increase as compared to the fiscal year 2004 due to increased spending attributable to our planned increased investment in subscription acquisition activities.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Net loss

   $ (32,018 )   $ (80,596 )   $ (157,705 )

Net cash used in operating activities

     (7,703 )     (33,170 )     (120,836 )

 

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Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Estimates

 

Critical accounting estimates are those that reflect significant judgments and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We base our discussion and analysis on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles as described in Note 1. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates. We base our estimates on historical experience and on other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. The results of this analysis form the basis for our judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may materially differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. For a detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting estimates, see Item 8. Note 2. “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Recognition Period for Lifetime Subscriptions Revenues

 

TiVo offers a lifetime subscription option for the life of the DVR for a one-time, upfront payment. We recognize subscription revenues from lifetime subscriptions ratably over a four-year period, based on our estimate of the useful life of these DVRs. If the useful life of the recorder were shorter or longer than four-years, we would recognize revenues earlier or later. As of January 31, 2004, approximately 1% of our total installed subscription base was product lifetime subscriptions that had reached the end of the four-year period we use to recognize lifetime subscription revenues. We continued to incur costs of services for these subscriptions without corresponding revenue. Our product is still relatively new and as we gather more user information, we might revise this estimated life.

 

Engineering Professional Services Project Cost Estimates

 

For engineering professional services that are essential to the functionality of the software or involve significant customization or modification, we recognize revenues using the percentage-of-completion method, as described in SOP 81-1 “Accounting for Performance of Construction-Type and Certain Production-Type Contracts.” We recognize revenue by measuring progress toward completion based on the ratio of costs incurred to total estimated costs of the project, an input method. In general, these contracts are long-term and complex. We believe we are able to make reasonably dependable estimates based on historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. These estimates include forecasting of costs and schedules, estimating contract revenue related to contract performance, projecting cost to complete, tracking progress of costs incurred to date, and projecting the remaining effort to complete the project. Costs included in engineering professional services are labor, materials, and overhead related to the specific activities that are required for the project. Costs related to general infrastructure or platform development are not included in the engineering professional services project cost estimates. These estimates are assessed continually during the term of the contract and revisions are reflected when the conditions become known. Provisions for losses on contracts are recorded when estimates determine that a loss will be incurred on a contract. In some cases, we have accepted engineering professional service contracts that were expected to be losses at the time of acceptance in order to gain experience in developing new technology that could be used in future products and services. Using different cost estimates, or different methods of measuring progress to completion, engineering professional services revenues and expenses may produce materially different results. A favorable change in estimates in a period could result in additional revenue and profit, and an unfavorable change in estimates could result in a reduction of revenue and profit or the recording of a loss that would be borne solely by TiVo.

 

Consumer Rebate Redemption Rates

 

In accordance with Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) 01-09, “Accounting for Consideration Given by a Vendor to a Customer (Including a Reseller of the Vendors Products)”, we record an estimated potential liability for our consumer rebate program that is based on the percentage of customers that were reimbursed for the rebate for similar programs and adjust estimates to consider actual redemptions. The consumer rebates are recognized as “rebates, revenue share, and other payments to channel” in our consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

Valuation of Inventory

 

We maintain a finished goods inventory of TiVo-enabled DVRs throughout the year. We value inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined on the first-in, first-out method. We base write-downs to inventories on changes in selling price of a completed unit. Estimates are based upon current facts and circumstances and are determined in aggregate and evaluated on total pool basis. We continually monitor inventory valuation and purchase commitments for potential losses in net realizable value.

 

Estimates Used in Complex Agreements

 

We have a number of related party transactions and commitments. Many of these transactions are complex and involve multiple elements and types of consideration, including cash, debt, equity, and services. For example, our relationship with DIRECTV has historically included subscription revenue share expense, engineering professional services revenue, common stock and warrants issued for services, and various platform subsidies. Many of our arrangements require us to make estimations for the valuation of non-cash expenses, such as warrants issued for services, which must be assigned a value using financial models that require us to estimate certain parameters. We have utilized our best estimate of the value of the various elements in accounting for these transactions. Had alternative assumptions been used, the values obtained may have been materially different.

 

Results of Operations

 

Revenues. Our revenues (before rebates, revenue share, and other payments to the channel) for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 as a percentage of total revenues were as follows:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 

Revenues


   2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Service revenues

   $ 61,560     41 %   $ 39,261     37 %   $ 19,297    99 %

Technology revenues

     15,797     10 %     20,909     20 %     100    1 %

Hardware revenues

     72,882     49 %     45,620     43 %     —      —    
    


       


       

      

Total revenues

   $ 150,239           $ 105,790           $ 19,397       
    


       


       

      

Change from prior fiscal year

     42 %           445 %           NM       

NM -Not meaningful

 

Of the total service revenues and technology revenues for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002, $19.7 million, $22.1 million, and $100,000, respectively, were generated from related parties.

 

    Service Revenues. Service revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased 57% or $22.3 million over the service revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003. This increase was primarily due to the growth in our subscription base. Service revenues for the year ended January 31, 2003 were $39.3 million, double the $19.3 million of service revenues for the year ended January 31, 2002. During the year ended January 31, 2003, we activated approximately 245,000 new subscriptions to the TiVo service bringing the total installed subscription base to approximately 624,000 as of January 31, 2003, approximately 65% greater than the installed base as of January 31, 2002. We anticipate fiscal year 2005 will have continued revenue growth as our subscription base grows. Revenues from advertising and research services included in service revenues, while not material during these periods, were increasing.

 

    Technology Revenues. In the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, we derived 10% of our total revenues, or $15.8 million, from licensing and engineering professional services. Technology revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 were approximately 24% lower then the same period last year due to fewer licensing agreements. Two different related parties customers generated $5.8 million and $12.7 million of technology revenues, or 4% and 12% of total revenues for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. During fiscal year 2004, we recognized $2.9 million of licensing and engineering professional services revenue with little corresponding costs from two customers due to the one-time recognition of revenues for two projects for which we have no further obligations. Going forward, in our relationships with manufacturers and distributors, we are shifting focus from upfront license and engineering professional services payments to recurring royalty and service payments. We expect future technology revenues to decline from the fiscal years 2004 and 2003 levels as we complete existing contracts.

 

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Table of Contents
    Hardware Revenues. Hardware revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 were approximately 60% greater than the prior fiscal year period due to increased volume in TiVo-enabled DVRs sold to retailers and consumers. Hardware revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 was $45.6 million compared to zero for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2002. For the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004 and 2003, one retail customer generated $28.3 million and $22.7 million of hardware revenues, or 19% and 21% of total revenues, respectively.

 

Rebates, revenue share, and other payments to channel.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

     2004

    2003

    2002

     (In thousands, except percentages)

Rebates, revenue share, and other payments to channel

   $ 9,159     $ 9,780     $ —  

Change from prior fiscal year

     -6 %     100 %     —  

 

We recognize certain marketing-related payments as a reduction of revenues on our statements of operations. Rebates, revenue share, and other payments to channel decreased for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 as compared to the respective prior fiscal year due to lower revenue share and market development funds paid to retailers. Consumer rebate expenses were $3.8 million and $4.4 million, respectively, for fiscal years ended January 31, 2004 and 2003. We expect our fiscal year 2005 payments to be higher due to our planned increased investment in subscription acquisition activities.

 

Cost of service and technology revenues.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Cost of service revenues

   $ 17,705     $ 17,119     $ 19,852  

Cost of technology revenues

     13,609       8,033       62  
    


 


 


Cost of service and technology revenues

   $ 31,314     $ 25,152     $ 19,914  
    


 


 


Change from prior fiscal year

     24 %     26 %     6 %

Percentage of net revenues

     22 %     26 %     NM  

 

Costs of service and technology revenues consist primarily of expenses related to providing engineering professional services to our customers, including employee salaries and related costs, as well as prototyping and other material costs. Additional expenses included are telecommunication and network expenses, employee salaries, call center, and other expenses related to providing the TiVo service. Cost of service revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased modestly compared to the prior fiscal year. Total salaries and benefits for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased by 37% compared to the prior fiscal year due to an increased level of staffing. This increase was offset by a decrease in telecommunications and network expenses of 30%, or over $1.3 million, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004. This decrease was a result of continued reduction of the service cost per subscription including using satellite transmission of the TiVo service for subscribers using the DIRECTV Receiver with TiVo. Cost of technology revenues increased by approximately 69% or $5.6 million for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 as compared to the prior fiscal year. This increase was due to increased expenses related to providing engineering professional services to two customers under agreements for which expenses exceeded the budgeted revenues.

 

Cost of hardware revenues.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

     2004

    2003

    2002

     (In thousands, except percentages)

Cost of hardware revenues

   $ 74,836     $ 44,647     $ —  

Change from prior fiscal year

     68 %     NM       —  

Percentage of net revenues

     53 %     47 %     —  

Percentage of hardware revenues

     103 %     98 %     —  

 

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Table of Contents

Costs of hardware revenues include all product costs and direct costs associated with the TiVo-enabled DVRs we distribute and sell, including manufacturing-related overhead and personnel expenses, warranty expenses, certain licensing expenses, and order fulfillment expenses such as shipping costs. We engage a contract manufacturer to build TiVo-enabled DVRs. We do this to enable our service revenues and, as a result, do not intend to generate significant gross margins from these hardware sales. Cost of hardware revenues are driven by a variety of factors related to inventory and channel management. Cost of hardware revenues for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased 68% as compared to the prior fiscal year due to a higher volume of manufactured TiVo-enabled DVRs and related licensing expenses.

 

Research and development expenses.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Research and development expenses

   $ 22,167     $ 20,714     $ 27,205  

Change from prior fiscal year

     7 %     -24 %     9 %

Percentage of net revenues

     16 %     22 %     NM  

 

Our research and development expenses consist primarily of employee salaries, related expenses, and consulting fees. Research and development expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 increased over the prior fiscal year primarily due to increased salary expenses related to an increase in engineering regular headcount of 49 employees. Research and development expenses decreased for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 from the fiscal year ended January 31, 2002 due to the redeployment of engineers from research and development activities to engineering professional services activities, which were classified as costs of technology revenues.

 

Sales and marketing expenses.

 

Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related expenses, media advertising, public relations activities, special promotions, trade shows, and the production of product related items, including collateral and videos. Sales and marketing expenses also include sales and marketing—related parties expense. These expenses consist of cash and non-cash charges related primarily to agreements with parties that held stock in us.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Sales and marketing expenses

   $ 18,947     $ 48,117     $ 104,897  

Change from prior fiscal year

     -61 %     -54 %     -31 %

Percentage of net revenues

     13 %     50 %     NM  

 

    Sales and marketing expenses (not including related parties).

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Sales and marketing expenses

   $ 11,255     $ 17,629     $ 29,065  

Change from prior fiscal year

     -36 %     -39 %     -70 %

Percentage of net revenues

     8 %     18 %     NM  

 

The largest contributor to the reduction of sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal year 2004 was non-related party subsidy expense that decreased $3.8 million from the prior fiscal year. This marketing commitment ended prior to the three months ended April 30, 2003. Additionally, for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 as compared to the prior fiscal year, partner co-marketing expenses decreased by $2.1 million due to decreased activity.

 

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The largest contributor to the reduction of total sales and marketing expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003, in terms of absolute dollars, was ad media placement that decreased by 99% or $9.5 million. Other contributors were public relation expense and trade show expense that declined year over year by 49% or $975,000 and by 75% or $733,000, respectively. We expect our marketing expenses for the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005 to be higher then the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 due to increased subscription acquisition activities.

 

    Sales and marketing—related parties expenses.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

Sales and marketing—related parties expenses–cash

   $ 6,062     $ 16,368     $ 62,213  

Sales and marketing—related parties expenses–non cash

     1,630       14,120       13,619  
    


 


 


Total sales and marketing—related parties expenses

   $ 7,692     $ 30,488     $ 75,832  
    


 


 


Change from prior fiscal year

     -75 %     -60 %     41 %

Percentage of net revenues

     5 %     32 %     NM  

 

The cash portion of sales and marketing—related parties expenses was comprised of revenue share and manufacturing subsidy payments to Philips, Sony, Maxtor, and DIRECTV. Also included were media insertion orders paid to NBC and AOL. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004, revenue share and subsidy expense decreased by 47% or $5.3 million, compared to fiscal year 2003. This decrease was a result of renegotiated contracts with DIRECTV and lower manufacturing volumes by related party consumer electronic manufacturers. Revenue share is calculated as an agreed upon percentage of revenue for a specified group of TiVo subscriptions. The non-cash portion is related to the amortization of prepaid marketing expense related to warrants or common stock issued for services to AOL Time Warner (AOL), Creative Artists Agency, LLC, and DIRECTV. During the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003, $11.6 million was non-cash expense related to the remaining unamortized portion of the prepaid marketing expense associated with the June 2000 Investment Agreement with AOL which was terminated by the Funds Release Agreement in April 2002. The remainder of these prepaid marketing expenses was fully amortized on a straight-line basis during the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004.

 

General and administrative expenses.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands, except percentages)  

General and administrative expenses

   $ 16,296     $ 14,465     $ 18,875  

Change from prior fiscal year

     13 %     -23 %     21 %

Percentage of net revenues

     12 %     15 %     NM  

 

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of employee salaries and related expenses for executive, administrative, accounting, information systems, customer operations personnel, facility costs, and professional fees. General and administrative expenses for the fiscal year 2004 increased compared to the prior fiscal year primarily due to increased legal expenses of $2.5 million for ongoing and settled lawsuits. A 30% reduction in consulting expenses largely contributed to the reduction in total expenses for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 compared to the prior fiscal year.

 

Interest income. Interest income resulting from cash and cash equivalents held in interest bearing accounts for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 decreased by 89% from the prior fiscal year. The decrease was a result of the receipt of a one-time payment of $3.9 million in interest earned on the restricted cash from the agreement with AOL that was released from the escrow account to us in April 2002. This same receipt of a one-time interest income payment in the fiscal year 2003 contributed to double the amount of interest income recognized for the fiscal year 2003 compared to the fiscal year 2002.

 

Interest expense and other. Interest expense and other consists of cash and non-cash charges related to interest expense paid to related parties and non-related parties. Interest expense and other for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 decreased 65% from the prior fiscal year primarily due to fewer conversions of the convertible notes payable. Non-cash interest expense for the same period included $4.5 million attributable to the accelerated accretion of the discount due to the NBC conversion and $3.6 million from the amortization of the discount pertaining to the value of the beneficial conversion feature of the convertible notes, the amortization of the issuance of warrants to noteholders, and the amortization of debt issuance costs related to the conversion of other convertible notes, respectively. During fiscal year ended January 31, 2003 non-cash interest expense was $24.2 million attributable to the amortization of the discount pertaining to the value of the beneficial conversion feature of the convertible notes, the amortization of the issuance of warrants to noteholders, the value of the additional shares resulting from the temporary incentive conversion price reduction, and the amortization of debt issuance costs for the convertible notes.

 

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Cash interest expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 was primarily comprised of $732,000, $2.0 million, and $1.0 million, respectively, for coupon interest expense on the convertible notes. Cash interest expense – related parties for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004, 2003, and 2002 consisted primarily of $669,000, $1.3 million, and $1.6 million, respectively, for coupon interest expense on the convertible notes and interest expense payable to our consumer electronics manufacturers according to negotiated deferred payment schedules.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

     2004

    2003

    2002

     (In thousands)

Cash interest expense

   $ 772     $ 2,000     $ 1,079

Cash interest expense – related parties

     671       1,345       1,643
    


 


 

Total cash interest expense

     1,443       3,345       2,722

Total non-cash interest expense

     8,139       24,210       4,553
    


 


 

Total interest expense

     9,582       27,555       7,275

Total other expenses

     5       14       99
    


 


 

Total interest expense and other

   $ 9,587     $ 27,569     $ 7,374
    


 


 

Change from prior fiscal year

     -65 %     279 %     NM

 

Provision for income taxes. Income tax expense for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2004 and 2003 was primarily due to franchise taxes paid to various states and foreign withholding taxes. Income tax expense for the fiscal year 2002 was due to tax withheld by the government of Japan as foreign source income tax from payments made by Sony Corporation under the terms of our technology licensing agreement with Sony.

 

Series A convertible preferred stock dividend. Under the terms of the Series A convertible preferred stock, we were previously required to pay dividends to the Series A convertible preferred stockholders. Pursuant to the terms of the Funds Release Agreement dated April 29, 2002, AOL, the sole preferred stockholder, waived the preferred dividends and associated rights it was otherwise entitled to effective April 1, 2002. On April 30, 2002, we repurchased 1.6 million shares of our Series A convertible preferred stock. On September 13, 2002, the remaining 1,111,861 outstanding shares of Series A convertible preferred stock were converted into an equal number of shares of our common stock. The dividends payable for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2004 were therefore zero compared to $220,000 and $3.0 million for the fiscal years ended January 31, 2003 and 2002.

 

Accretion to redemption value of convertible preferred stock. As a result of our repurchase on April 30, 2002 of 1.6 million shares of our Series A convertible preferred stock held by AOL for $48.0 million, the associated issuance costs were accreted during the three months ended April 30, 2002. Prior to the first quarter of fiscal year 2003, these issuance costs were classified as additional paid-in capital for the Series A redeemable convertible preferred stock.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We have financed our operations and met our capital expenditure requirements primarily from the proceeds of the sale of equity and debt securities. Our cash resources are subject, in part, to the amount and timing of cash received from subscriptions, licensing and engineering professional services customers, and hardware customers. At January 31, 2004, we had $143.2 million of cash and cash equivalents. For the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005 we plan to significantly increase our investment in subscription acquisition activities with a focus on growing TiVo Service subscriptions. We believe our cash and cash equivalents and funds generated from operations represent sufficient resources to fund operations, capital expenditures, and working capital needs through the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005.

 

Statement of Cash Flows Discussion

 

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flow provided by operations, by financing activities, and our revolving line of credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank. Although we currently anticipate that our available funds

 

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and cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our cash needs through the fiscal year ending January 31, 2005, we may require or choose to obtain additional financing. Our ability to obtain financing will depend, among other things, on our development efforts, business plans, operating performance and condition of the capital markets at the time we seek financing. We cannot assure you that the additional financing will be available to us on favorable terms when required, or at all. If we raise additional funds through the issuance of equity, equity-linked or debt securities, those securities may have rights, preferences or privileges senior to the rights of our common stock, and our stockholders may experience dilution. Please refer to “Factors That May Affect Future Operating Results” below for further discussion.

 

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities:

 

     Fiscal Year Ended January 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     (In thousands)  

Net cash used in operating activities

   $ (7,703 )   $ (33,170 )   $ (120,836 )

Net cash used in investing activities

     (2,391 )     (1,359 )     (3,262 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

     109,128       26,403       51,951  

 

Net Cash Used in Operating Activities

 

The decrease in net cash used in operating activities from fiscal year 2003 to 2004 was primarily attributable to the reduction in net loss incurred in the fiscal year 2004 compared to 2003. The primary change in net loss was continued reductions in sales and marketing expenses for revenue share and subsidy expense. Also contributing to the reduction in net loss was increased revenue from subscriptions. The decrease in net cash used in operations was partially offset by the decrease in non-cash interest expense in the fiscal year 2004 because of fewer conversions of convertible notes payable. Non-cash interest expense included $4.5 million attributable to the accelerated accretion of the discount due to the NBC conversion during the fiscal year 2004.

 

The decrease in net cash used in operating activities from fiscal year 2002 to 2003 was primarily attributable to the reduction in net loss incurred for the fiscal year 2003 compared to 2002. As above, the primary change in net loss was continued reductions in sales and marketing expenses for revenue share and subsidy expense and increased revenue from subscriptions. Additionally, contributing to the increase in revenues were technology revenues. The decrease in net cash used in operations was partially offset by an increase in non-cash interest expense in the fiscal year 2003 because of conversions of convertible notes payable and the purchase of inventories as we began to sell TiVo-enabled DVRs to retailers and through our website.

 

Cash from deferred revenues has increased because we sell product lifetime subscriptions and receive up front license and engineering professional services payments. These activities cause us to receive cash payments in advance of providing the services for which the cash is received, which we recognize as deferred revenues.

 

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities

 

The increases in net cash used in investing activities for both the fiscal years 2004 and 2003 were primarily attributable to increased purchases of property and equipment to support our business. Additionally, during the fiscal year 2004, we acquired intangible assets in exchange for the issuance of common stock because of the Strangeberry Inc. acquisition and in exchange for the issuance of common stock for acquisition of patent rights.

 

Financing Activities

 

The principal source of cash generated from financing activities relates to the issuance of common stock in registered public offerings. These transactions generated an aggregate of $101.0 million in cash, less cash financing expense of $843,000 and $25.0 million in cash, less financing expenses of $650,000 for fiscal years 2004 and 2003, respectively. Additionally, $7.2 million and $1.5 million were obtained from the issuance of common stock for stock options exercised for fiscal years 2004 and 2003, respectively. The issuance of common stock through our employee stock purchase plan generated $1.7 million and $1.3 million, respectively, for fiscal years 2004 and 2003.

 

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Financing Agreements

 

January 2004 Common Stock Offering. On January 30, 2004, we issued 8,000,000 shares of our common stock, par value $.001 per share, at $9.30 per share to institutional investors managed by a large investment management firm headquartered in Boston. The issuance of the shares was registered pursuant to our $100 million universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-106731). Our net proceeds from this sale were approximately $74.1 million after deducting our estimated offering expenses (see Item 8. Note 9. “Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock, Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity”). We intend to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, primarily to fund sales, marketing and customer acquisitions, and secondarily to fund research and development, capital expenditures and working capital. Pending the application of the net proceeds, we expect to invest the proceeds in investment-grade, interest-bearing securities.

 

$100 Million Universal Shelf Registration Statement. We have an effective universal shelf registration statement on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission under which we may issue up to $100,000,000 of securities, including debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, and warrants. As a result of the January 2004 common stock offering described above, there is $25,600,000 of remaining availability under this shelf registration statement. On March 18, 2004, we filed a new universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 (No. 333-113719) that, when declared effective, will increase the securities we may issue under the combined registration statements to $100,000,000. Depending upon market conditions, we may issue securities under these or future registration statements.

 

July 2003 Common Stock Offering. On July 1, 2003, we issued approximately 2.9 million shares of our common stock, par value $.001 per share, at $9.26 per share. Net proceeds were approximately $26.1 million after deducting our cash offering expenses of approximately $500,000. We used the net proceeds for general corporate purposes.

 

October 2002 Common Stock Offering. On October 7, 2002, we executed a purchase agreement with certain institutional investors to issue and sell 6,963,788 shares of our common stock, par value $.001 per share, for a per share purchase price of $3.59 and an aggregate purchase price of $25.0 million, plus warrants to purchase 1,323,120 shares of our common stock with a term of three years and an exercise price of $5.00 per share and warrants to purchase an additional 1,323,120 shares of our common stock with a term of four years and an exercise price of $5.00 per share. The offering closed on October 8, 2002 with net proceeds of approximately $24.3 million after deducting our cash offering expenses of approximately $650,000. We used the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes.

 

7% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2006. On August 28, 2001, we closed a private placement of $51.8 million in face value of convertible notes and received cash proceeds of approximately $43.7 million from investors. In addition, we received non-cash consideration of $8.1 million in the form of advertising and promotional services from Discovery Communications, Inc. and the National Broadcasting Company, Inc., who were existing stockholders. Debt issuance costs were approximately $3.6 million, resulting in net cash proceeds of approximately $40.1 million. Of the total proceeds of $51.8 million, $8.1 million was recorded as prepaid advertising and promotional services. As part of the transaction, we paid $5.0 million in October 2001 to NBC for advertising that ran during the period that began October 1, 2001 and ended March 31, 2002.

 

During the period beginning on December 30, 2002 and ending on January 28, 2003, we temporarily reduced the conversion price of our convertible notes from $3.99 to $3.70 per share pursuant to the indenture governing the notes in order to induce early conversions. During this period, $22.7 million in principal amount of the $43.2 million outstanding principal amount of the notes was converted into an aggregate of 6,135,400 shares of our common stock. The reduced conversion price resulted in 445,936 shares of common stock being issued in addition to the 5,689,464 shares of common stock that would have been issuable upon conversion of the $22.7 million principal amount of notes at $3.99 per share.

 

Loan and Security Agreement. On July 17, 2003, we entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, whereby Silicon Valley Bank agreed to extend to us a revolving line of credit of up to the lesser of $6 million or a borrowing base. The borrowing base is equal to the sum of 80% of eligible accounts receivable plus 100% of pledged certificates of deposit (up to $2.0 million). The line of credit is secured by a first priority security interest on all of our assets except for our intellectual property. We are required to maintain at least $2.0 million in pledged certificates of deposit with Silicon Valley Bank during the term of the line of credit. The line of credit bears interest at the greater of prime plus 0.75% or 5.00% per annum, but in an event of default, the interest rate becomes 3.00% above the rate effective immediately before the event of default. The loan and security agreement includes, among other terms and conditions, limitations on our ability to dispose of our assets; merge or

 

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consolidate with or into another person or entity; create, incur, assume or be liable for indebtedness (other than certain types of permitted indebtedness, including existing and subordinated debt and debt to trade creditors incurred in the ordinary course of business); create, incur or allow any lien on any of our property or assign any right to receive income except for certain permitted liens; make investments; pay dividends; or make distributions; and contains a requirement that we maintain certain financial ratios. At January 31, 2004, we were in compliance with these covenants and had zero amounts outstanding under the line of credit. The line of credit terminates and all borrowings are due on June 30, 2004, but may be terminated earlier by us without penalty upon written notice and prompt repayment of all amounts borrowed.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

As of January 31, 2004, we had contractual obligations to make the following cash payments:

 

     Payments by Period

Contractual Obligations


   Total

   Less than
1 year


   1-3 years

   4-5 years

   Over
5 years


     (In thousands)

Operating leases

   $ 10,069    $ 3,233    $ 6,836    $ —        —  

Purchase obligations

     9,307      9,307      —        —        —  

Long-term convertible notes payable at face value

     10,450      —