10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934:

 

For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2005

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File No. 000-24385

 


 

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Wisconsin   39-0971239

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

W6316 Design Drive

Greenville, Wisconsin

  54942
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (920) 734-5712

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

(Title of class)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant, as of October 23, 2004, was approximately $879,993,046. As of June 1, 2005, there were 22,853,475 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on June 28, 2005 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 


 

 


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PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “School Specialty,” “we” or “our” refer to School Specialty, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in April of each year. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”), we refer to fiscal years by reference to the calendar year in which they end (e.g., the fiscal year ended April 30, 2005 is referred to as “fiscal 2005”). Note that fiscal 2005 had 53 weeks, while all other fiscal years reported and referenced represent 52 weeks.

 

Company Overview

 

School Specialty is a leading education company that provides products, programs and services that enhance student achievement and development. We primarily serve the pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade (“preK-12”) education market in the United States and Canada. Based on our fiscal 2005 revenues, we believe we hold approximately a 14 percent market share of the other instructional materials market, a $7.2 billion market in 2003. We offer more than 85,000 items, many of which are proprietary, mailed over 50 million catalogs in fiscal 2005, operate a national distribution network and have developed e-commerce websites. Our broad product range enables us to provide customers with one source for their supplemental educational product needs. Our leading market position has been achieved by emphasizing high-quality products and services, superior order fulfillment and exceptional customer service. As a result, we have been able to establish relationships with virtually all of the preK-12 schools and reach nearly all of the teachers in the United States.

 

We recognize that supplemental educational product procurement decisions are made at the district and school levels by administrators as well as at the classroom level by teachers and curriculum specialists. As a result, we have created an innovative multi-channel sales and marketing strategy enabling us to market our products and services to the various levels of buyers within the education market. The “traditional” or “top down” approach targets school districts and school administrators through our traditional sales force of over 300 professionals, the School Specialty Education Essentials catalog and “School Specialty Online”, which is a B2B (business to business) e-commerce solution that allows custom catalogs and pricing, a business system interface and a B2T (business to teacher) option. The “specialty” or “bottom up” approach targets the classroom level decision-makers through our specialty sales force of over 300 professionals, through our catalogs featuring our specialty brands as well as the ClassroomDirect catalog and B2T websites. Our other specialty offerings include Premier Agendas, Childcraft, abc, Sax Arts & Crafts, School Specialty Publishing and Sportime. The specialty businesses offer more specialized products for individual disciplines. Many of these products are proprietary to our specialty brands.

 

We believe most of our brands hold the leading market position in their respective categories. We have also solidified this leading market position by acquiring companies that have expanded our geographic presence and product offering. The critical mass we have achieved allows us to benefit from increased buying power while leveraging our national distribution network and sales force to operate more efficiently.

 

We have grown significantly in recent years through acquisitions and internal growth. From fiscal 2001 through fiscal 2005, our revenues increased from $692.7 million to $1.003 billion, a compound annual growth rate of 9.7 percent. In fiscal 2005, revenues increased by 10.5 percent over the previous fiscal year. We remain focused on growth opportunities, including increasing our penetration rate and expanding in attractive regions, which would allow us to enhance our position as the number one marketer of supplemental educational materials in the United States.

 

School Specialty, Inc., founded in October 1959, was acquired by U.S. Office Products in May 1996. In June 1998, School Specialty was spun-off from U.S. Office Products in a tax-free transaction. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “SCHS.” In August 2000, we reincorporated from Delaware to Wisconsin. Our principal offices are located at W6316 Design Drive, Greenville, Wisconsin 54942, and our telephone number is (920) 734-5712. Our general website address is www.schoolspecialty.com. You may obtain, free of charge, copies of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K (and amendments to those reports) filed with, or furnished to, the Securities Exchange Commission as soon as reasonably practicable after we have filed, or furnished, such reports by accessing our website at http://www.schoolspecialty.com, selecting “Investor Information” and then selecting the “SEC Filings” link. Information contained in any of our websites is not deemed to be a part of this Annual Report.

 

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On May 31, 2005, the Company announced that it had entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 31, 2005, with LBW Holdings, Inc. and LBW Acquisition, Inc. LBW Holdings was formed for purposes of this transaction and is wholly-owned by Bain Capital Fund VIII, L.P., an affiliate of Bain Capital Partners, LLC, a Boston-based global private investment firm. LBW Acquisition was formed for purposes of this transaction and is wholly-owned by LBW Holdings. The merger agreement contemplates LBW Acquisition will be merged with and into the Company and each outstanding share of common stock of the Company will be converted into the right to receive $49.00 per share in cash, without interest. At the effective time of the merger, any option to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock that is not exercised (other than certain options that are converted pursuant to agreements between LBW Holdings and individual executive officers) will be canceled as of the effective time of the merger in exchange for a cash payment equal to $49.00 (without interest) times the total number of shares subject to the options, less the aggregate exercise prices of the options and less applicable taxes required to be withheld, except that any options with an exercise price equal to or greater than $49.00 per share will be canceled without any cash payment. Under certain circumstances (described in further detail herein) prior to the merger, holders of the Company’s 3.75% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2023 may surrender such notes for a cash payment or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. Holders of such notes also may surrender such notes in connection with the merger for a cash payment based on the merger consideration. Not more than 20 days after the effective time of the merger, the Company, as the surviving corporation in the merger, must make an offer to repurchase all of such notes then outstanding for an amount in cash equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date the repurchase price is paid. The transaction is expected to be completed in the Company’s fiscal second quarter ending on October 29, 2005. The Company and LBW Holdings estimate that the total amount of funds necessary to complete the merger and related transactions and to pay related fees and expenses will be approximately $1.6 billion. These funds will come principally from debt financing arranged by LBW Holdings and LBW Acquisition. LBW Holdings’ obligation to close under the debt financing is subject to specific conditions relating to the condition of the debt financing markets. In addition, the transaction is subject to receipt of debt financing, as well as approval by the Company’s shareholders and other customary conditions, including regulatory approval.

 

The Company filed a Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A on June 28, 2005 relating to the proposed merger, and shareholders are encouraged to read this proxy statement for a more thorough discussion of the proposed merger.

 

Industry Overview

 

The school supply market consists of the sale of supplemental educational products, consumable materials, furniture and equipment to school districts, individual schools, teachers and curriculum specialists who purchase products for school and classroom use. Based on information provided by National School Supply and Equipment Association (“NSSEA”), we estimate that 2003 public school expenditures in the United States of other instructional materials were approximately $7.2 billion sold primarily through institutional channels supplemented by retail channels, such as teacher stores.

 

According to Quality Education Data’s 2005 Education Market Solutions report, there are approximately 17,500 school districts, 115,500 elementary and secondary schools and 3.7 million teachers in the United States. Administrators for both school districts and individual schools usually make the decision to purchase the general consumable products and furniture needed to operate the school. Teachers and curriculum specialists generally decide on curriculum-specific products for use in their classrooms and individual disciplines. According to the NSSEA, teachers in the United States spent approximately $1.9 billion of their own money in 2002 on supplies to supplement classroom materials.

 

The industry has highly predictable and generally favorable trends. According to the U.S. Department of Education, education expenditures exceeded $450 billion in 2003 and are expected to have risen to over $500 billion in 2004. The most common measure of education spending is current expenditures per student. According to the National Education Association, current expenditures per student in constant dollars have increased from $6,696 in 1989 to an estimated $8,041 in 2003 and are expected to increase further to $8,875 in 2010, a 10 percent increase over 2003 expenditures. Incremental spending will thus exceed enrollment growth, which according to the U.S. Department of Education is projected to grow by 5 percent from 2001 to 2013 to a record level of 56 million students. The industry is affected by prevailing political and social trends. The attitude of the government towards education determines, to some extent,

 

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total expenditures on education. The attitude toward education is generally favorable, and the preK-12 funding environment has shown recent evidence of improvement in comparison to the past few years, which had experienced pressure on some state and local budgets to reduce school funding due to a generally weakened economic environment.

 

According to the U.S. Department of Education’s National Center for Education Statistics, 2003 funding for preK-12 schools is comprised of approximately 49 percent from state budget sources, 43 percent from local sources such as municipal property taxes and 8 percent from other sources including federal funding.

 

In January 2002 President Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 designed to improve student achievement in classrooms across the country. The fiscal 2005 federal budget provided for $38.7 billion in federal education funding, a 33 percent increase over the prior year. Further, the proposed fiscal 2006 budget provides $56 billion in education funding, a planned 45 percent increase over the 2005 budget.

 

The industry is highly fragmented with NSSEA estimating approximately 3,300 education companies providing supplemental education products in 2004, many of which are family- or employee-owned businesses that operate in a single geographic region. We believe the increasing demand for single-source suppliers, prompt order fulfillment and competitive pricing, along with the related need for suppliers to invest in automated inventory and electronic ordering systems, is fostering consolidation within the industry. The industry has been trending toward decentralized, or site-based purchasing, which increases individual school’s and teacher’s roles in educational products procurement decisions. We believe these changes are driving a shift in growth to the higher margin specialty businesses, which offer more focused products for different educational disciplines.

 

Recent Acquisitions

 

The Guidance Channel, Inc. In September 2004 we acquired certain assets of The Guidance Channel, Inc. and its subsidiaries or related companies, for approximately $19 million. The Guidance Channel is an educational publishing and media company, providing children, students, parents and teachers with timely and effective tools that help with critical life choices. The Guidance Channel offers over 5,000 proprietary publications and products, including multimedia programs, videos, curricula, information handouts, therapeutic games and prevention-awareness items. This business has been integrated with Teacher’s Media Company in our Specialty segment.

 

School Specialty Publishing. In January 2004 we acquired select assets of the Children’s Publishing business of McGraw-Hill Education, a division of The McGraw-Hill Companies, for approximately $46 million. The Children’s Publishing business, renamed School Specialty Publishing, develops, produces, markets and distributes supplemental education materials (including literature, workbooks and manipulatives), to education companies, retailers and consumers. This business is reported as part of our Specialty segment. This acquisition included an operation based in the United Kingdom (“U.K.”). On February 29, 2004, we sold the stock of the U.K. based business to Findel Education Ltd. for approximately $4 million.

 

Califone. In January 2004 we acquired Califone International, Inc. (“Califone”) for an aggregate purchase price, net of cash acquired, of approximately $26 million. Califone is the leading developer of quality sound presentation systems including state of the art multimedia, audio-visual and presentation equipment for schools and industry. Califone markets primarily to education companies. This business is reported as a part of our Specialty segment.

 

Select Agendas. In May 2003 we acquired Select Agendas, a Canadian-based company that produces and markets student agendas, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $17 million. The business was integrated with Premier Agendas and is reported as part of our Specialty segment.

 

Sunburst Visual Media. In February 2003 we acquired the visual media division of Sunburst Technology Corporation for approximately $8 million. Sunburst is a leading developer and marketer of proprietary videos, DVDs and related curriculum materials covering the character education, health and guidance curriculums in K-12 schools. Sunburst has been integrated with Teacher’s Media Company as a separate brand offering and is reported in our Specialty segment.

 

J.L. Hammett. In August 2002 we acquired the remaining wholesale operations of J.L. Hammett (“Hammett”) for approximately $14 million. The Hammett business acquired primarily marketed preK-12 educational products to charter schools and national early learning childhood centers. The business has been integrated into our key accounts group within the Traditional segment.

 

 

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abc School Supply. In August 2002 we acquired abc School Supply and related affiliates (“abc”). abc, a producer and marketer of pre-K through eighth grade educational products, has been integrated into our Childcraft division and key accounts group. We paid approximately $30 million for abc and also assumed approximately $11 million of debt.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We attribute our strong competitive position to the following key factors:

 

Number One Market Share. We have the highest revenues of any education company providing supplemental learning products. We have developed this leading market position by emphasizing high-quality products, superior order fulfillment and exceptional customer service. We believe that our large size and brand recognition have resulted in significant buying power, economies of scale and customer loyalty. In addition, our recent acquisitions have allowed us to increase our market presence and provide access to markets we have not historically approached.

 

Leading Established Brands. We have the most established and recognized brands in the industry. We believe that a majority of our brands have a leading market position in their respective categories, based on revenues. With a historical track record of over 100 years for some brands, the Company’s brands represent a significant competitive advantage.

 

Broad Product Lines. Our strategy is to provide a full range of high-quality supplemental learning products to meet the complete needs of schools for preK-12. With over 85,000 items ranging from classroom essentials, manipulatives and furniture to playground equipment, we provide customers with one source for their supplemental learning materials and furniture needs. In addition to our traditional School Specialty Education Essentials brand, our specialty businesses enrich our general product offering and create opportunities to cross merchandise our specialty products to our traditional customers. Specialty businesses include the following brands:

 

Brand


 

Products


abc School Supply   Early childhood
Abilitations   Physical education for special needs
Brodhead Garrett   Industrial arts
Califone   Sound presentation systems
Childcraft Education Corp.   Early childhood
Classroom Direct   Classroom essentials
Frey Scientific   Science
Hammond & Stephens   School forms
Premier Agendas   Student agendas
Sax Arts & Crafts   Art products
Sax Family & Consumer Sciences   Health / family living
School Specialty Publishing   Supplemental educational materials
Sportime   Physical education
Sunburst Visual Media   Educational videos
Teacher’s Media Company   Educational videos and guidance materials

 

Innovative Full-Service Business Model. We have developed a full-service business model with an integrated, multi-channel marketing approach. As a result, we reach district and school administrative decision makers as well as teachers and curriculum specialists through separate sales forces, catalog mailings and the Internet. We utilize our customer database across our family of catalogs to maximize their effectiveness and increase our marketing reach. Additionally, our e-commerce websites provide a comprehensive presence on the Internet which we believe is a significant competitive advantage for us.

 

Stable Industry with Favorable Trends and Dynamics. Because the market for supplemental learning products is driven primarily by demographics and government spending, we believe our industry is less exposed to economic

 

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cycles than many others. We have established working relationships with many large public education organizations and understand how to do business effectively with these institutions. In addition, approximately 70 percent of our revenues are generated from the sale of consumable products, which are generally used each year in the education process and consequently they typically need to be repurchased annually.

 

Established Infrastructure, Distribution Agreements and Customer Relationships. We believe our numerous leading brands, national sales force, large and broad product offering, established distribution and licensing agreements, established customer relationships and a national distribution network with multiple sales channels, including e-commerce, give us a significant competitive advantage. The supplemental learning products market is highly seasonal, with a January through July selling season and a June through October shipping season, and our infrastructure and logistical capacities and capabilities permit us to meet the requirements of these peak periods effectively.

 

Proven Acquisition and Integration Model. We have completed 13 acquisitions since May 2000. We have established a 6 to 12 month target for our integration process in which we form a focused transition team that is assigned the responsibility to sell or discontinue incompatible business units, reduce the number of items in the product offering, eliminate redundant expenses, integrate the acquired entity’s business systems, and exploit buying power. We believe we have proven that we can rapidly improve the operating margins of the businesses we acquire by employing an effective integration process.

 

Effective Use of Technology. We believe that our use of information technology systems allows us to offer customers more convenient and cost effective ways of ordering products, improve the order fulfillment process to increase on-time and complete performance and more precisely focus our sales and marketing strategies.

 

Experienced and Incentivised Management. Our management team provides depth and continuity of experience. In addition, management’s interests are aligned with those of our shareholders, as many members of management own shares of our common stock and/or have been granted options to purchase our common stock.

 

Growth Strategy

 

We use the following strategies to grow and enhance our position as the leading marketer of supplemental learning products:

 

Internal Growth. We plan to continue to increase our revenues by:

 

    Taking advantage of market growth resulting from rising expenditures per student, combined with increasing enrollment

 

    Developing proprietary products that are curriculum and age specific

 

    Increasing penetration in the early childhood learning market

 

    Increasing penetration in geographic markets where we are currently underrepresented, including Canada

 

    Increasing penetration in large districts by offering our single-source product solution

 

    Cross-merchandising specialty products to traditional customers

 

    Increasing marketing directed toward teachers

 

    Utilizing direct marketing techniques and strategies to increase customer acquisition and retention

 

    Encouraging brand loyalty to the total School Specialty brand offering

 

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    Adding new products to enhance the breadth of our product offering, including new products obtained through exclusive distribution and licensing agreements

 

    Pursuing price increases to the extent supported by market conditions

 

    Adding sales through various e-commerce solutions including Internet channels.

 

Margin Improvement. As we continue to grow our revenues, we plan to increase margins by selling more specialty products, which typically generate higher gross margins due to the large number of proprietary products in the product mix. In addition, we believe we can further improve operating margins by leveraging the benefits of our recent acquisitions and:

 

    Increasing buying power combined with price expansion

 

    Reviewing and adjusting the level of customer discounts

 

    Taking advantage of the industry’s shift toward site-based (versus centralized) purchasing

 

    Increasing our sourcing of product from overseas, including private label importing

 

    Improving the efficiency of our supply chain activities

 

    Continuing the elimination of redundant expenses of acquired businesses

 

    Reducing our overhead costs.

 

Acquisitions. Our selective acquisition strategy and proven integration model have allowed us to solidify our leading position within the industry and establish a strong national marketing and distribution platform. This platform allows us to integrate acquired brands more easily, strengthen our specialty brand portfolio and enter supplemental learning categories in which we do not currently compete, such as music or math. We believe that our size and national presence give us an advantage as a potential acquirer in a consolidating industry.

 

Furthermore, our proven integration model allows us to realize significant synergies. We believe we have demonstrated our ability to reduce redundant costs, retain the customers of the acquired brands, and integrate distribution networks and information technology platforms. For each acquisition, we generally assume a reduction of approximately 10 percent of the acquired company’s revenues. The reduction is expected as we discontinue any unprofitable business lines, divest any product lines outside our core competencies and reduce overlapping sales forces. The integration model is designed to offset the sales reduction and efficiently combine the businesses. The model allows us to smoothly consolidate distribution centers, improve geographic distribution, integrate the back-office functions, expand purchasing power and, when a specialty company is acquired, realize product and margin enhancement related to cross merchandising.

 

Product Lines

 

We market two broad categories of supplemental education products: general classroom products and specialty products, including publishing materials, geared towards specific educational disciplines. Our specialty products enrich our general product offering and create opportunities to cross merchandise our specialty products, many of which are proprietary, to our traditional customers. With over 85,000 items ranging from classroom essentials, manipulatives and furniture to playground equipment, we provide customers with one source for their supplemental educational resource needs. Our business is highly seasonal with peak sales levels occurring from June through October.

 

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Our general supplemental educational product lines can be described as follows:

 

Education Essentials. Through the School Specialty Education Essentials catalog, which is targeted to administrative decision makers, we offer a comprehensive selection of classroom essentials, instructional materials, educational games, art supplies, school forms, educational software, physical education equipment, audio-visual equipment, school furniture and indoor and outdoor equipment. We believe we are the largest school furniture source in the United States. We have been granted exclusive franchises for certain furniture lines in specific territories and we enjoy significant purchasing power in open furniture lines. We enhance our furniture offering with a custom design and contract management service called Projects by Design, which assists in the building or renovation of schools.

 

Our specialty businesses generally offer supplemental educational products for specific disciplines, as follows:

 

Premier Agendas. Premier Agendas is the largest provider of academic agendas in the United States and Canada. The agendas include proprietary content to promote student success and are marketed under the brands Premier Agendas, Select Agendas and Time Tracker. Premier is also a leading publisher of school forms, including record books, grade books, teacher planners and other printed forms under the brand name Hammond & Stephens.

 

Childcraft and abc. We develop early childhood education products and materials under the Childcraft and abc brands. Childcraft and abc also market over 2,000 proprietary or exclusive products manufactured by Childcraft’s Bird-in-Hand Woodworks subsidiary, including wood classroom furniture and equipment such as library shelving, cubbies, easels, desks and play vehicles.

 

Sax Arts & Crafts. Sax Arts & Crafts is a leading provider of art products and art instruction materials, including paints, brushes, paper, ceramics, art metals and glass, leather and wood crafts. Sax Arts & Crafts offers customers a toll free “Art Savvy Hotline” staffed with professional artists to respond to customer questions. Sax Arts & Crafts also brings educators new offerings that help enrich student’s experiences, equipping them for adult life and leadership through the brand Sax Family & Consumer Sciences.

 

School Specialty Publishing. School Specialty Publishing develops, produces, markets and distributes supplemental education materials including literature, workbooks and manipulatives and owns copyrights to over 5,000 titles under leading imprints including: Instructional Fair, Frank Schaffer, Judy Instructo, Brighter Child, American

Education Publishing and Spectrum. These brands are primarily marketed to education companies and retailers through a distributed sales force.

 

ClassroomDirect. ClassroomDirect offers general supplemental educational products to teachers and curriculum specialists directly through its mail-order catalogs and fully integrated B2T website.

 

Sportime. Sportime is a leading developer of physical education, athletic and recreational products. Sportime’s catalog product offering includes products for early childhood through middle school as well as targeted products for physically or learning challenged children under the Abilitations brand.

 

Teacher’s Media Company and Sunburst Visual Media. Teacher’s Media Company and Sunburst Visual Media are leading producers and marketers of educational videos and DVDs for educators, guidance and prevention materials for at-risk youth and play therapy tools to address the social and emotional needs of children. Teacher’s Media Company targets teachers, curriculum coordinators and department heads through 17 different curriculum-oriented catalogs, with a total annual mailing volume in excess of 18 million catalogs. Sunburst Visual Media produces videos, DVDs and related curriculum materials covering character education, health and guidance curriculums to schools.

 

Califone. Califone is the leading developer of quality sound presentation systems including state of the art multimedia, audio-visual and presentation equipment for schools and industry.

 

Frey Scientific. Frey Scientific is a marketer of laboratory supplies, equipment and furniture for science classrooms. Frey Scientific offers value-added focus in the biology, chemistry, physics and earth science areas.

 

 

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Brodhead Garrett. Brodhead Garrett is the nation’s oldest marketer of industrial arts products and technical materials to classrooms. Brodhead Garrett’s product line includes various items such as drill presses, sand paper, lathes and robotic controlled arms.

 

Our product development managers apply their extensive education industry experience to design age appropriate and curriculum specific products to enhance the learning experience. New product ideas are reviewed with customer focus groups and advisory panels comprised of educators to ensure new offerings will be well received and fill an educational need.

 

Our merchandising managers, many of whom were educators, continually review and update the product lines for each business. They determine whether current offerings are attractive to educators and anticipate future demand. The merchandising managers also travel to product fairs and conventions seeking out new product lines. This annual review process results in a constant reshaping and expansion of the educational materials and products we offer.

 

For further information regarding our Traditional and Specialty segments, see our “Segment Information” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Intellectual Property

 

We maintain a number of trademarks, trade names and service marks. We believe that many of these marks and trade names have significant value and are materially important to our business. Our trademarks, trade names and service marks include the following: School Specialty Education Essentials, School Specialty Publishing, Spectrum, American Education Publishing, Brighter Child, Frank Schaffer, Instructional Fair, Ideal, Judy, abc School Supply, Abilitations, Brodhead Garrett, Califone, Childcraft Education Corp., ClassroomDirect, Frey Scientific, Hammond & Stephens, Premier Agendas, Sax Arts & Crafts, Sax Family & Consumer Sciences, Sportime, Sunburst Visual Media, and Teacher’s Media Company. In addition, we maintain other intangible property rights.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We have implemented an innovative multi-channel sales and marketing strategy that employs a traditional sales force of over 300 professionals, a specialty sales force of over 300 professionals, over 50 million catalogs mailed in fiscal 2005, B2T websites and B2B e-commerce solutions. We believe we have developed a substantially different

sales and marketing model from that of other supplemental educational resource companies in the United States. Our strategy is to use two separate sales and marketing approaches (“top down” and “bottom up”) to reach all the prospective purchasers in the education system.

 

Top Down.” Our “top down” marketing approach targets administrative decision-makers through our traditional sales force, the School Specialty Education Essentials general merchandise catalog and the School Specialty Online B2B e-commerce solution. This top-down approach accounts for the majority of our traditional business.

 

Our primary compensation program for sales representatives includes a base salary plus a bonus based on sales and gross margin achievement.

 

Schools typically purchase supplemental education products based on established relationships with relatively few vendors. We seek to establish and maintain these critical relationships by assigning accounts within a specific geographic territory to a local area sales representative who is supported by a centrally located customer service team. The customer service representatives frequently call on existing customers to ascertain and fulfill their supplemental educational resource needs. The representatives maintain contact with these customers throughout the order cycle and assist in order processing.

 

We have a centralized and national sales, marketing, distribution and customer service structure. We believe that this structure significantly improves our effectiveness through better sales management, resulting in higher regional penetration, and significant cost savings through the reduction of distribution centers.

 

 

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“Projects by Design” is a service we provide to help in the building or renovation of schools. Our professionals prepare a detailed room-by-room analysis to simplify supplemental educational supply planning and fulfillment. Customers have the ability to view prospective classrooms through our innovative software in order to efficiently manage the project.

 

“Bottom Up.” We use the “bottom up” approach to target the classroom level decision-makers through our specialty sales force, catalogs featuring our proprietary products and our specialty brands and B2T websites. These catalogs allow teachers to choose products that are specific to their curriculum and classroom needs and may not have been purchased by school administration.

 

Generally, for each specialty brand, a major catalog containing its full product offering is distributed near the end of the calendar year for the beginning of the January through July selling season. During the course of the year we mail additional supplemental catalogs. Schools and teachers can also access websites for product information and purchasing. Further, we believe that by cross marketing our specialty brands to traditional customers, we can achieve substantial incremental sales.

 

Internet Operations. Our internet channel activities through “School Specialty Online” are focused on creating incremental revenue, driving down cost by receiving more orders electronically, and creating a full customer self-service portal. Due to the nature of our approach to the market, our systems provide both B2B and B2T functionality to meet the specific needs of each group. We have been involved in electronic ordering system for over 15 years and offer e-commerce solutions in the industry directed strictly at the education market.

 

All of our School Specialty family of brands have access to this common e-commerce system which allows our customers a single access point for purchasing. Our brand managers can control the products, pricing and merchandising related to their specific brands. For example, the physical education curriculum specialists can be directed to their area of emphasis through the Internet.

 

“School Specialty Online” is designed to meet specific and unique needs of educational organizations. The B2B functionality allows the organizations to manage funding through the use of purchase order spending limitation, approval workflows, order management, and reporting. The B2T features of advanced product search, custom catalogs, and email notification allow education users to have access to the full line of School Specialty products.

 

Pricing. Pricing for our general and specialty product offerings varies by product and market channel. We generally offer a negotiated discount from catalog prices for products from our School Specialty Education

Essentials catalog and respond to quote and bid requests. The pricing structure of proprietary specialty products offered through direct marketing is generally less subject to negotiation.

 

School Specialty has built a broad customer base where no single customer accounted for more than 3 percent of sales during fiscal 2003, 2004 or 2005. We believe we sell into every school district in the United States and reach nearly all of the country’s teachers.

 

Procurement

 

Global Sourcing. We have increased our margins while improving product quality by directly sourcing product through overseas channels. The acquisitions of School Specialty Publishing and Califone increased the amount of product purchased from offshore sources of supply. Increasingly, we are looking to foreign vendors to manufacture proprietary products and develop exclusive products on our behalf.

 

Traditional Business. Each year, product management adds new items to our catalog. We purchase and inventory these items before the catalog is released so that we can immediately satisfy customer demand. Slow-moving products are removed from the catalog and from stock to make room for better performing inventory. We typically negotiate annual supply contracts with our vendors. These contracts with larger vendors usually provide special pricing consideration and/or extended terms and often include volume discounts and rebate programs. We have exclusive distribution rights on several furniture and equipment lines.

 

 

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Specialty Business. Our specialty businesses develop many proprietary products and generally outsource the manufacturing of these items. Our Childcraft division manufactures wood furniture, and our Premier division designs and produces student agendas and school forms at our facilities in Bellingham, Washington; Fremont, Nebraska; Langley, British Columbia; and Lachine, Quebec, as well as through third-party printers. We purchase non-proprietary items for specialty companies in a similar manner to that of our traditional business purchasing process. We maintain close and stable relationships with our vendors to facilitate a streamlined procurement process. At the same time, we continually review alternative supply sources in an effort to improve quality, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce product cost. Our transactions with our larger vendors are processed through an electronic procurement process. This electronic process reduces costs and improves accuracy and efficiency in our procurement and fulfillment process.

 

When multiple franchises buy from the same vendor, we typically negotiate one contract to fully leverage our combined buying power.

 

Private Label Product. School Smart is replacing ClassroomSelect as our private label brand. These products allow us to expand our product offerings and further improve our margins.

 

Logistics

 

Eight fully-automated and seamlessly-integrated distribution centers, totaling over 2 million square feet of operating space, forms what we believe to be the largest and most sophisticated distribution network among our direct marketing competitors. Enhancing this network is the 400,000 square foot Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania distribution center, which began shipping orders in late February 2005. We believe this network represents a significant competitive advantage for us, allowing us to reach any school in a fast and efficient fashion. We utilize a third-party logistics provider in China to consolidate inbound shipments, lowering our transportation and inventory storage costs. For outbound customer shipments, we also use third-party logistics consolidators to help us efficiently meet customer expectations for large and complex orders.

 

In order to maintain the proprietary nature of some of our specialty products, we operate five manufacturing facilities. Our Lancaster, Pennsylvania plant manufactures furniture primarily for the Childcraft and abc brands. The Bellingham, Washington; Fremont, Nebraska; Langley, British Columbia; and Lachine, Quebec facilities produce student agendas and school forms. Our manufactured products accounted for less than 10 percent of sales during fiscal 2003, 2004 and 2005.

 

Information Systems

 

We believe that through the utilization of technology for process improvement in areas such as procurement, inventory management, customer order management, order fulfillment, and information management, we are able to offer customers more convenient and cost-effective ways to order products, improve the order fulfillment process to increase on-time and complete performance and effectively focus our sales and marketing strategies.

 

In Education Essentials and certain specialty businesses, we use a specialized distribution software package called System for Distributors. It includes fully integrated process capability from sales order entry through customer invoicing, and inventory requirements planning and procurement through to accounts payable. The financial results of sales, purchasing and inventory transactions are automatically posted to the general ledger each day. We have made numerous enhancements to the system that allow greater capability to meet the unique needs of our customers and the seasonal requirements of the industry.

 

Most of the remaining specialty divisions use a mail-order and catalog system from Ecometry Corporation. This system meets the needs of our direct marketing companies through extensive ability to do list management and tracking of multiple marketing offers and promotions.

 

We are in the process of implementing new systems capabilities to augment our legacy systems. The new business systems utilize Yantra Corporation’s multi-enterprise order management and warehouse management software. All eight distribution centers utilize warehouse management software and all orders from Education Essentials and the specialty companies that are shipping from these centers are managed through Yantra order management. Financial

 

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capabilities were deployed during fiscal 2005 utilizing Oracle Corporation’s financial applications including general ledger and accounts payable integrated to the business processes. This model will continue to be extended and deployed including new functions and capabilities during fiscal 2006. By utilizing common business systems across the corporation, we expect to achieve improved business processes, reduce cycle time and enhance integration between the business units. We believe the technologies of the new systems will readily support continued growth and integration of our existing and newly-acquired businesses.

 

Competition

 

We believe competition in the market in which we operate is fragmented with approximately 3,300 regional suppliers to preK-12 schools in 2004. These companies are generally smaller in terms of revenues and serve customers in limited geographic regions. We also compete, to a much lesser extent, with alternate channel competitors such as office product contract stationers and office supply superstores. Their primary advantages over us are size, location, greater financial resources and buying power. Their primary disadvantage is that their product mix typically covers less than 20 percent of the school’s needs (measured by volume). We believe we compete favorably with these companies on the basis of service and product offering.

 

Employees

 

As of June 1, 2005, we had approximately 2,600 full-time employees. To meet the seasonal demands of our customers, we employ many seasonal employees during the late spring and summer months. Historically, we have been able to meet our requirements for seasonal employment. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We consider our relations with our employees to be very good.

 

Backlog

 

We have no material backlog at April 30, 2005. Our customers typically purchase products on an as-needed basis.

 

Forward-Looking Statements

 

Statements in this Annual Report which are not historical are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements include: (1) statements made under Item 1, Business and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including, without limitation, statements with respect to internal growth plans, projected revenues, margin improvement, future acquisitions, capital expenditures and adequacy of capital resources; (2) statements included or incorporated by reference in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (3) information contained in written material, releases and oral statements issued by, or on behalf of, School Specialty including, without limitation, statements with respect to projected revenues, costs, earnings and earnings per share. Forward-looking statements also include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectation of School Specialty or its officers. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by or that include forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “should,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “continues” or similar expressions.

 

All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based on information available to us as of the date hereof. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements that may be made by or on behalf of us, in this Annual Report or otherwise. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements identified above. Factors which may cause such a difference to occur include, but are not limited to, the factors listed in Exhibit 99.2 to our Form 10-K for fiscal 2005.

 

 

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Item 2. Properties

 

Our corporate headquarters is located in a leased facility. The lease on this facility expires in April 2021. The facility is located at W6316 Design Drive, Greenville, Wisconsin, a combined office and warehouse facility of approximately 332,000 square feet, which also services both our Traditional and Specialty segments. In addition, we lease or own the following principal facilities as of June 1, 2005:

 

Locations


  

Approximate

Square
Footage


  

Owned/
Leased


  

Lease Expiration


Agawam, Massachusetts (1)

   188,000    Leased    November 3, 2020

Atlanta, Georgia (2)

   20,000    Leased    January 31, 2006

Bellingham, Washington (2)

   49,000    Leased    March 31, 2011

Bellingham, Washington (2)

   25,000    Leased    July 31, 2007

Bellingham, Washington (2)

   22,000    Leased    October 30, 2007

Bellingham, Washington (2)

   15,000    Leased    December 31,2005

Birmingham, Alabama (2)

   25,000    Leased    March 31, 2010

Columbus, Ohio (2)

   18,000    Leased    July 31, 2006

Chatsworth, California (2) (4)

   20,000    Leased            —

Fremont, Nebraska (2)

   95,000    Leased    June 30, 2008

Fresno, California (3)

   163,000    Leased    October 31, 2009

Hawthorne, New York (2)

   9,000    Leased    June 17, 2008

Lachine, Quebec (2)

   50,000    Leased    May 30, 2006

Lancaster, Pennsylvania (2)

   73,000    Leased    December 31, 2007

Langley, British Columbia (2)

   9,000    Leased    August 31, 2008

Langley, British Columbia (2)

   10,000    Leased    August 31, 2008

Lyons, New York (3)

   195,000    Owned            —

Mansfield, Ohio (3)

   315,000    Leased    November 3, 2020

Mansfield, Ohio (3)

   106,000    Leased    June 8, 2006

Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania (3)

   400,000    Leased    December 31, 2024

New Berlin, Wisconsin (2)

   16,000    Leased    September 30, 2007

Norcross, Georgia (3)

   41,000    Leased    January 1, 2011

Plainview, New York (2)

   12,000    Leased    June 30, 2010

Salina, Kansas (3)

   115,000    Owned            —

Salina, Kansas (3)

   45,000    Leased    February 28, 2006

Salina, Kansas (3)

   13,000    Leased    January 31, 2006

Southaven, Mississippi (3)

   200,000    Leased    December 31, 2010

Walker, Michigan (2)

   100,000    Leased    December 31, 2006

Walker, Michigan (2)

   146,000    Leased    December 31, 2006

Walker, Michigan (2)

   196,000    Leased    July 31, 2011

(1) The Company is subleasing this facility.
(2) Location primarily services the Specialty segment.
(3) Location primarily services both business segments.
(4) Facility lease at this location is renewed monthly.

 

The 73,000 square foot Lancaster, Pennsylvania facility is used for manufacturing wood products and the Fremont, Nebraska; Langley, British Columbia; Lachine, Quebec; and Bellingham, Washington facilities are used for production of agendas and school forms. The other facilities are distribution centers and/or office space. We believe that our properties, as enhanced for our ongoing expansion, are adequate to support our operations for the foreseeable future. We regularly review the utilization and consolidation of our facilities.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

Following the Company’s May 31, 2005 announcement that it had signed the merger agreement to be acquired by an affiliate of Bain Capital Partners, LLC, the Company was named as a defendant in three putative shareholder class actions filed in the Circuit Court for Outagamie County, Wisconsin: (1) Neal Auman v. School Specialty, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-CS-765; (ii) Adams Family Trust v. School Specialty, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-CA-771; and (iii) Alaska Hotel and Restaurant Employees Pension Trust Fund v. School Specialty, Inc., et al., Case No. 05-CA-797.

 

 

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The complaint in each action purports to have been filed by a shareholder of the Company who seeks to maintain the suit as a class action on behalf of all holders of Company common stock, excluding those related to or affiliated with any of the defendants. The complaints assert claims arising out of the Company’s May 31, 2005 announcement and allege that the Company and its directors breached fiduciary duties to the Company’s shareholders by negotiating and agreeing to the transaction with Bain Capital at a price that the plaintiffs claim to be inadequate. Among all three actions the plaintiffs seek, among other things, to enjoin or to rescind the transaction with Bain Capital, other injunctive relief and/or damages and other monetary relief.

 

The Company does not believe that the actions are meritorious and intends to vigorously contest them.

 

We are also, from time to time, a party to legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. We believe that none of these legal proceedings will materially or adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

There were no matters submitted during the quarter ended April 30, 2005 to a vote of our security holders.

 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

As of June 1, 2005, the following persons served as executive officers of School Specialty:

 

Name and Age of Officer


    

David J. Vander Zanden

        Age 50

   Mr. Vander Zanden became President and Chief Executive Officer of School Specialty in September 2002, after serving as Interim Chief Executive Officer since March 2002. Mr. Vander Zanden served as President and Chief Operating Officer from March 1998 to March 2002. From 1992 to March 1998, he served as President of Ariens Company, a manufacturer of outdoor lawn and garden equipment. Mr. Vander Zanden has served as a director of School Specialty since June 1998.

Mary M. Kabacinski

        Age 56

   Ms. Kabacinski, a Certified Public Accountant, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of School Specialty since August 1999. From 1989 to 1999, she served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Marquette Medical Systems, a manufacturer of medical devices.

A. Brent Pulsipher

        Age 63

   Mr. Pulsipher became Executive Vice President of Corporate Technology in April 2004, after serving as Executive Vice President of Corporate Logistics and Technology of School Specialty since March 2001. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Pulsipher was Chief Information Officer for Tropical Sportswear International, an apparel producer and brand manager. Mr. Pulsipher held the position of Manager of Consulting Services for Distribution Resources Company, a software developer, from 1988 to 1998.

Stephen R. Christiansen

        Age 43

   Mr. Christiansen joined School Specialty in November 2002 as Executive Vice President, Specialty Companies, following a thirteen-year tenure with Kimberly-Clark Corporation, a world-wide manufacturer of personal care and health care products, where he held progressive marketing and general management positions in the United States and Latin America.

 

The term of office of each executive officer is from one annual meeting of the Board of Directors until the next annual meeting of the Board of Directors or until a successor for each is selected. There are no arrangements or understandings between any of our executive officers and any other person (not an officer or director of School Specialty acting as such) pursuant to which any of our executive officers were selected as an officer of School Specialty.

 

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is traded under the symbol “SCHS” on The Nasdaq National Market. The table below sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for shares of the common stock, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. during the indicated quarters.

 

     High

   Low

Fiscal 2005 quarter ended

             

July 24, 2004

   $ 36.72    $ 34.08

October 23, 2004

     40.86      33.49

January 22, 2005

     42.69      35.72

April 30, 2005

     40.05      37.02

Fiscal 2004 quarter ended

             

July 26, 2003

   $ 30.59    $ 18.08

October 25, 2003

     29.83      26.25

January 24, 2004

     36.85      27.05

April 24, 2004

     37.06      33.32

 

Holders

 

As of June 1, 2005, there were 2,066 record holders of our common stock.

 

Historical Dividends

 

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. We currently intend to retain our future earnings to finance the growth, development and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be restricted or prohibited from time to time by financial covenants in our credit agreements and debt instruments. Our current credit facility contains restrictions on, and in some circumstances, may prevent, our payment of dividends.

 

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

(In thousands, except per share data)(1)

 

     Fiscal Year

     2005

   2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

     (53 weeks)    (52 weeks)    (52 weeks)    (52 weeks)    (52 weeks)

Statement of Operations Data:

                                  

Revenues

   $ 1,002,507    $ 907,503    $ 870,030    $ 767,387    $ 692,674

Cost of revenues

     584,475      532,824      512,167      473,407      440,946
    

  

  

  

  

Gross profit

     418,032      374,679      357,863      293,980      251,728

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     330,913      288,560      271,916      236,436      208,153

Restructuring and strategic restructuring costs

     —        —        —        —        4,500
    

  

  

  

  

Operating income

     87,119      86,119      85,947      57,544      39,075

Interest expense (net)

     12,882      18,284      18,001      17,279      16,855

Other expense

     2,074      1,123      1,909      3,965      1,214

Redemption costs and fees for convertible debt redemption

     1,839      —        —        —        —  
    

  

  

  

  

Income before provision for income taxes

     70,324      66,712      66,037      36,300      21,006

Provision for income taxes

     27,323      25,915      26,447      14,521      9,075
    

  

  

  

  

Net income (2)

   $ 43,001    $ 40,797    $ 39,590    $ 21,779    $ 11,931
    

  

  

  

  

Net income per share:

                                  

Basic

   $ 1.99    $ 2.17    $ 2.16    $ 1.22    $ 0.68

Diluted

   $ 1.88    $ 1.94    $ 1.94    $ 1.17    $ 0.67

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                  

Basic

     21,612      18,828      18,324      17,917      17,495

Diluted

     23,910      24,125      23,378      18,633      17,782

Selected Operating Data:

                                  

EBITDA (3)

   $ 105,743    $ 104,618    $ 100,024    $ 65,102    $ 52,982

Free cash flow (3)

   $ 25,748    $ 52,391    $ 55,376    $ 64,838    $ 27,449
     April 30,
2005


   April 24,
2004


   April 26,
2003


   April 27,
2002


   April 28,
2001


Balance Sheet Data:

                                  

Working capital

   $ 114,513    $ 132,001    $ 95,946    $ 77,273    $ 84,925

Total assets

     884,605      832,607      736,335      673,642      523,359

Long-term debt

     149,680      314,104      292,844      285,592      176,183

Total debt

     195,671      314,628      293,356      290,063      198,038

Shareholders’ equity

     544,545      378,975      321,453      271,170      239,252

(1) Our business has grown significantly since 2001 through acquisitions and internal growth. For detailed information on acquisitions during fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003, see the “Business Combinations” note in our notes to consolidated financial statements. During fiscal 2002, we made four acquisitions under the purchase method for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $165.6 million, and during fiscal 2001, we made two acquisitions under the purchase method for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $116.6 million.

 

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(2) At the beginning of fiscal 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which resulted in goodwill no longer being subject to amortization. Goodwill amortization, net of tax, included in net income during fiscal year 2001 was $5.0 million.
(3) The following table discloses our EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, intangible amortization and amortization of development costs) and free cash flow, which are considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance, financial position or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. We believe that certain non-GAAP financial measures, including EBITDA and free cash flow, are helpful when presented in conjunction with the comparable GAAP measures. EBITDA eliminates the effects of interest, taxes, depreciation, intangible amortization and amortization of development costs from period to period, which we believe is useful to management, investors and other interested parties in evaluating our operating performance as these costs are not directly attributable to the underlying performance of the business operations. EBITDA amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation. EBITDA does not include an adjustment for other expense, which is primarily comprised of the discount and loss on the accounts receivable securitization, of $2.1 million, $1.1 million, $1.9 million, $4.0 million and $1.2 million for fiscal years 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

 

Free cash flow is used as a liquidity measure that provides useful information to management, investors and other interested parties about the amount of cash generated by the business after reinvestment of cash from operations in capital expenditures. We use free cash flow as a financial metric to evaluate investing and financing alternatives. Our investors may use free cash flow as a measure of predictable and reliable cash available for investment in future acquisitions as well as to assess the Company’s ability to provide a return to its shareholders. Free cash flow is the amount of cash generated from operating activities after the acquisition of property and equipment and investment in development costs, net of proceeds from disposal of property and equipment. Cash flow from operating activities is further adjusted for the activity under our accounts receivable securitization facility, which we consider a financing instrument.

 

These financial measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for net income or operating income, cash flows or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP measures included below have been reconciled to the most directly comparable GAAP measure, as included in our consolidated financial statements included within Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.” As used herein, “GAAP” refers to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

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     Fiscal Year

 
     2005

    2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

 
     (53 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)  

Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, intangible amortization and amortization of development costs (EBITDA):

                                        

Net income

   $ 43,001     $ 40,797     $ 39,590     $ 21,779     $ 11,931  

Provision for income taxes

     27,323       25,915       26,447       14,521       9,075  

Net interest expense

     12,882       18,284       18,001       17,279       16,855  

Depreciation and amortization expense

     18,119       17,905       15,521       11,198       14,962  

Amortization of development costs

     4,418       1,717       465       325       159  
    


 


 


 


 


EBITDA

   $ 105,743     $ 104,618     $ 100,024     $ 65,102     $ 52,982  
    


 


 


 


 


Free cash flow reconciliation:                                         

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 52,031     $ 68,956     $ 62,966     $ 76,216     $ 86,017  

Additions to property and equipment

     (23,376 )     (8,974 )     (11,305 )     (12,110 )     (15,200 )

Investment in development costs

     (5,835 )     (4,726 )     (940 )     (603 )     —    

Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment

     128       1,135       655       1,335       6,632  

Net accounts receivable securitization facility activity

     2,800       (4,000 )     4,000       —         (50,000 )
    


 


 


 


 


Free cash flow

   $ 25,748     $ 52,391     $ 55,376     $ 64,838     $ 27,449  
    


 


 


 


 


 

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation (“MD&A”)

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Overview

 

We are a leading education company serving the preK-12 education market by providing products, services and ideas that enhance student achievement and development to educators and schools across the United States and Canada. We offer more than 85,000 items through an innovative two-pronged marketing approach that targets both school administrators and individual teachers.

 

We have grown significantly in recent years through acquisitions and internal growth. For information on our recent acquisitions see the “Business Combinations” note in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. Our revenues for fiscal 2005 were $1.003 billion and our operating income was $87.1 million, which represented compound annual revenue growth, including acquisitions, of 9.7% and compound annual operating income growth of 22.2%, compared to our fiscal 2001 results.

 

Our gross margin has improved from 36.3% in fiscal 2001 to 41.7% in fiscal 2005. This improvement was due to an increase in our offering of proprietary products and increased buying power. We have acquired many specialty businesses, which tend to have more proprietary products in their offerings and consequently higher gross margins than our traditional businesses. The specialty businesses have also experienced higher revenue growth than the traditional businesses, resulting in a product mix with higher gross margins. In addition, our acquisitions of both specialty and traditional businesses have increased our purchasing power, resulting in reduced costs of the products we purchase. Further, with the recent acquisitions of School Specialty Publishing and Califone, we have acquired suppliers through vertical acquisitions and have therefore captured the suppliers’ margins. Another factor contributing to the increase in gross margin is the direct sourcing of product through overseas channels.

 

Our operating profit and margins have also improved significantly since fiscal 2001, from $39.1 million or 5.6% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to $87.1 million or 8.7% of revenues in fiscal 2005. This improvement reflects our acquisitions of specialty businesses, which typically have higher operating margins than our traditional businesses. In addition, through the integration of acquired businesses, we have been able to further improve our operating profit and margins by eliminating redundant expenses, leveraging overhead costs and improving purchasing power. Operating margins showed a modest decline from 9.9% in fiscal 2003 to 8.7% in fiscal 2005, related to certain price concessions offered to customers in conjunction with the tight school funding environment over this period, as well as integration and facility closure costs incurred in fiscal 2005 related to the closure of our Agawam, Massachusetts and Tempe, Arizona facilities and the opening of our new distribution center in Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania.

 

Our business and working capital needs are highly seasonal with peak sales levels occurring from June through October. During this period, we receive, ship and bill the majority of our business so that schools and teachers receive their merchandise by the start of each school year. Our inventory levels increase in April through June in anticipation of the peak shipping season. The majority of shipments are made between June and October and the majority of cash receipts are collected from September through December. As a result, we usually earn more than 100% of our annual net income in the first two quarters of our fiscal year and operate at a net loss in our third and fourth fiscal quarters.

 

Our business is highly seasonal, and the acquisitions of seasonal businesses during the off season has depressed operating margins and income in the year of acquisition, the most dramatic of which were the J.L. Hammett acquisition in fiscal 2001 and Premier Agendas acquisition in fiscal 2002.

 

Recent Development

 

On May 31, 2005, the Company announced that it had entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of May 31, 2005, with LBW Holdings, Inc. and LBW Acquisition, Inc. LBW Holdings was formed for purposes of this transaction and is wholly-owned by Bain Capital Fund VIII, L.P., an affiliate of Bain Capital Partners, LLC, a Boston-based global private investment firm. LBW Acquisition was formed for purposes of this transaction and is

 

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wholly-owned by LBW Holdings. The merger agreement contemplates LBW Acquisition will be merged with and into the Company and each outstanding share of common stock of the Company will be converted into the right to receive $49.00 per share in cash, without interest. At the effective time of the merger, any option to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock that is not exercised (other than certain options that are converted pursuant to agreements between LBW Holdings and individual executive officers) will be canceled as of the effective time of the merger in exchange for a cash payment equal to $49.00 (without interest) times the total number of shares subject to the options, less the aggregate exercise prices of the options and less applicable taxes required to be withheld, except that any options with an exercise price equal to or greater than $49.00 per share will be canceled without any cash payment. Under certain circumstances (described in further detail herein) prior to the merger, holders of the Company’s 3.75% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2023 may surrender such notes for a cash payment or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. Holders of such notes also may surrender such notes in connection with the merger for a cash payment based on the merger consideration. Not more than 20 days after the effective time of the merger, the Company, as the surviving corporation in the merger, must make an offer to repurchase all of such notes then outstanding for an amount in cash equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date the repurchase price is paid. The transaction is expected to be completed in the Company’s fiscal second quarter ending on October 29, 2005. The Company and LBW Holdings estimate that the total amount of funds necessary to complete the merger and related transactions and to pay related fees and expenses will be approximately $1.6 billion. These funds will come principally from debt financing arranged by LBW Holdings and LBW Acquisition. LBW Holdings’ obligation to close under the debt financing is subject to specific conditions relating to the condition of the debt financing markets. In addition, the transaction is subject to receipt of debt financing, as well as approval by the Company’s shareholders and other customary conditions, including regulatory approval.

 

The Company filed a Preliminary Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A on June 28, 2005 relating to the proposed merger, and shareholders are encouraged to read this proxy statement for a more thorough discussion of that proposed merger.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth certain information as a percentage of revenues on a historical basis concerning our results of operations for the fiscal years 2005, 2004 and 2003:

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2005

    2004

    2003

 

Revenues

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Cost of revenues

   58.3     58.7     58.9  
    

 

 

Gross profit

   41.7     41.3     41.1  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   33.0     31.8     31.2  
    

 

 

Operating income

   8.7     9.5     9.9  

Interest expense, net

   1.3     2.0     2.1  

Other expense

   0.2     0.1     0.2  

Redemption costs and fees for convertible debt redemption

   0.2     —       —    
    

 

 

Income before provision for income taxes

   7.0     7.4     7.6  

Provision for income taxes

   2.7     2.9     3.0  
    

 

 

Net income

   4.3 %   4.5 %   4.6 %
    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

Consolidated Historical Results of Operations

 

Fiscal 2005 Compared to Fiscal 2004

 

Overview of Fiscal 2005

 

Revenues for fiscal 2005 increased 10.5% to $1.003 billion as compared to $907.5 million in fiscal 2004. The revenue growth was driven by acquisitions and internal growth in the traditional and specialty businesses, as well as the impact of an extra week in fiscal 2005 due to a 53-week fiscal year. In September 2004, we acquired certain assets of The Guidance Channel, which is reported as part of our Specialty segment. Including the impact of this acquisition, Specialty segment revenues grew 18.5% during fiscal 2005. In addition, Traditional segment revenues grew 3.7% through internal growth. We continued to drive our product mix to higher margin proprietary products, with the Specialty segment representing 53.3% of revenues in fiscal 2005 as compared with 49.7% in fiscal 2004. This shift in product mix to higher margin specialty products expanded gross margins to 41.7% from 41.3%.

 

Operating income was $87.1 million in fiscal 2005 as compared to $86.1 million in fiscal 2004. Included in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2005 was $5.1 million of facility closure and redundancy costs primarily related to the closure of our Agawam, Massachusetts and Tempe, Arizona facilities and the opening of our new distribution center in Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania. Also included in selling, general and administrative expenses in fiscal 2005 was $2.5 million of compliance costs related to the initial adoption of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. Despite these factors, operating income increased $1.0 million due in part to the increased mix toward specialty products, which typically have higher operating margins than our traditional business, as well as continued efficiencies gained in warehouse and transportation costs. Net income was $43.0 million as compared to $40.8 million in fiscal 2004, reflecting contributions from acquired businesses and internal growth in existing businesses.

 

Revenues

 

Revenues increased 10.5% from $907.5 million in fiscal 2004 to $1.003 billion in fiscal 2005. The growth in revenues was primarily attributable to revenues from acquired businesses and internal growth in both the Traditional and Specialty segments, as well as the impact of an extra week in fiscal 2005 due to a 53-week fiscal year. Traditional segment revenues increased 3.7% from $468.7 million in fiscal 2004 (which includes $0.1 million of intersegment revenues) to $486.2 million in fiscal 2005 (which includes $0.2 million of intersegment revenues). The growth in Traditional segment revenues was primarily the result of an improving economic environment for preK-12 funding. Specialty segment revenues increased 18.5% from $450.9 million in fiscal 2004 (which includes $11.9 million of intersegment revenues) to $534.3 million in fiscal 2005 (which includes $17.9 million of intersegment revenues). The increase in Specialty segment revenues was primarily due to acquisitions as well as modest internal growth in existing businesses, which has been driven by the improved funding environment.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased 11.6% from $374.7 million in fiscal 2004 to $418.0 million in fiscal 2005. The increase in gross profit was primarily due to an increase in revenues and improved gross margins mainly related to a shift in revenues to the higher gross margin Specialty segment and a decrease in product costs through the direct sourcing of product from overseas channels. Gross margin improved 40 basis points to 41.7% of revenues in fiscal 2005 as compared to 41.3% of revenues in fiscal 2004. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by a 70 basis point improvement in Specialty segment gross margin and an increase in sales of higher margin proprietary products by the Specialty segment as a percentage of overall sales mix, partially offset by a 150 basis point decrease in Traditional segment gross margin. Traditional segment gross profit decreased $1.4 million from $156.0 million in fiscal 2004 to $154.6 million in fiscal 2005 and gross margin decreased from 33.3% to 31.8% over this same period. The decrease in Traditional segment gross margin was primarily driven by a competitive pricing environment for non-proprietary products. Specialty segment gross profit increased $45.0 million or 20.3% from $221.2 million in fiscal 2004 to $266.2 million in fiscal 2005. The increase in Specialty segment gross profit was due to increased revenues and gross margin improvement. The 70 basis point improvement in gross margin from 49.1% in fiscal 2004 to 49.8% in fiscal 2005 was primarily driven by acquired businesses, which have a higher gross margin than the average gross margin of our existing Specialty segment businesses.

 

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Table of Contents

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) include selling expenses, the most significant of which are sales wages and commissions; operations expenses, which includes customer service, warehouse and out-bound freight costs; catalog costs; general administrative overhead, which includes information systems, accounting, legal and human resources; and depreciation and intangible asset amortization expense.

 

SG&A increased 120 basis points, as a percent of revenues, from $288.6 million or 31.8% of revenues in fiscal 2004 to $330.9 million or 33.0% of revenues in fiscal 2005. The increase in SG&A primarily resulted from an increase in variable costs associated with an increase in revenues, the inclusion of SG&A expenses related to the fiscal 2004 Children’s Publishing and Califone acquisitions and the fiscal 2005 Guidance Channel acquisition and an increase in sales by the Specialty segment as a percentage of our overall revenue mix. In addition, SG&A expenses increased due to a $5.1 million charge primarily related to the consolidation of our operations through the closure of the Agawam, Massachusetts distribution center and the Tempe, Arizona facility and opening of a new distribution center in Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania, and $2.5 million of compliance costs incurred related to the initial adoption of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404. Partially offsetting these increases is a reduction in warehouse and transportation costs as a percent of revenues which have been achieved through improved operational efficiencies.

 

Traditional segment SG&A remained relatively consistent at $108.8 million in fiscal 2005 as compared to $108.7 million in fiscal 2004, but decreased 80 basis points as a percent of revenues from 23.2% in fiscal 2004 to 22.4% in fiscal 2005. The 80 basis point improvement was the result of maintaining a consistent SG&A spending level while revenues grew $17.6 million over this same period. The consistent SG&A spending level was achieved through reduced transportation and warehouse costs of $3.3 million, resulting from supply chain optimization efforts and a reduction in consulting costs incurred related to these supply chain optimization efforts, offset by a $3.6 million increase in selling expenses, resulting primarily from the increase in revenues and a change in our sales compensation plans. Specialty segment SG&A increased $35.9 million from $158.6 million in fiscal 2004 to $194.5 million in fiscal 2005. Specialty segment SG&A as a percent of revenues increased 90 basis points from 35.2% in fiscal 2004 to 36.1% in fiscal 2005. The increase in SG&A is primarily due to an increase in variable costs associated with an increase in revenues and an increase in SG&A as a percent of revenues from acquired businesses that have not yet been fully integrated, as well as $2.7 million of facility closure and redundancy costs incurred during fiscal 2005 related to the closure of our Tempe, Arizona facility and opening of our new distribution center in Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania. Corporate SG&A increased $6.4 million, primarily driven by $2.4 million of facility closure costs incurred in fiscal 2005 related to the closure of our Agawam, Massachusetts facility, as well as $2.5 million of compliance costs incurred in fiscal 2005 related to the initial adoption of Sarbanes-Oxley Section 404.

 

Interest Expense

 

Net interest expense decreased $5.4 million from $18.3 million in fiscal 2004 to $12.9 million in fiscal 2005. The decrease in interest expense was due to a decrease in our effective borrowing rate and a decrease in average debt outstanding, including the conversion of $114.7 million in convertible notes to common stock in August 2004.

 

Other Expense and Convertible Debt Redemption Costs

 

Other expense, which primarily consists of the discount and loss on the accounts receivable securitization, was $2.1 million in fiscal 2005 as compared to $1.1 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in the discount and loss was primarily due to an increase in average accounts receivable securitized and an increase in the discount rate. In August 2004, $34.8 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6.0% convertible subordinated notes were redeemed for cash. As a result, we recorded $1.8 million of expense comprised of $1.2 million related to the premium on redemption of the notes and $0.6 million to write off deferred financing costs related to the notes.

 

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Table of Contents

Provision for Income Taxes

 

Provision for income taxes increased $1.4 million. The increase was due to higher pre-tax income. The effective income tax rate remained relatively consistent at 38.9% in fiscal 2005 and 38.8% in fiscal 2004. The effective income tax rate of 38.9% exceeds the federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the impact of state taxes.

 

Fiscal 2004 Compared to Fiscal 2003

 

Revenues

 

Revenues increased 4.3% from $870.0 million in fiscal 2003 to $907.5 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in revenues was primarily due to revenues from acquired businesses and modest growth from existing specialty businesses. Traditional segment revenues decreased 0.9% from $472.7 million in fiscal 2003 (which includes $0.2 million of intersegment revenues) to $468.7 million in fiscal 2004 (which includes $0.1 million of intersegment revenues). The decrease in Traditional segment revenues was primarily in the furniture lines, which tend to be more of a discretionary purchase than a consumable purchase which is generally needed and consumed in the education process. The weakened economic environment placed pressure on many state and local budgets, which are the primary funding sources for most of our customers. Specialty segment revenues increased 10.8% from $406.8 million in fiscal 2003 (which includes $9.3 million of intersegment revenues) to $450.9 million in fiscal 2004 (which includes $11.9 million of intersegment revenues). The increase in Specialty segment revenues was primarily due to acquisitions and modest growth in existing businesses.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased 4.7% from $357.9 million in fiscal 2003 to $374.7 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in gross profit was due to an increase in revenues and improved gross margins, combined with a shift in revenues to the higher gross margin Specialty segment. In fiscal 2004, Specialty segment revenues accounted for 49.7% of total revenues, up from 46.8% in fiscal 2003. Gross margin grew 20 basis points from 41.1% of revenues in fiscal 2003 to 41.3% of revenues in fiscal 2004. The increase in gross margin was primarily due to the shift in revenues to the higher gross margin Specialty segment. The increase in gross margin in the Specialty segment from 48.8% in fiscal 2003 to 49.1% in fiscal 2004 was primarily driven by higher gross margins from acquired businesses. Traditional segment gross margin decreased 90 basis points from 34.2% of revenues in fiscal 2003 to 33.3% of revenues in fiscal 2004, due primarily to the weakened economic environment which resulted in a more competitive pricing environment, particularly in the bid and furniture portions of the business.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

SG&A increased 6.1% from $271.9 million or 31.2% of revenues in fiscal 2003 to $288.6 million or 31.8% of revenues in fiscal 2004. The increase in SG&A and SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to the acquisitions of Specialty businesses, which tend to have a higher SG&A cost structure, an increase in revenues, increased warehouse and transportation costs associated with late season orders and shipments, supply chain optimization projects and increased marketing costs to support new initiatives. These increases were partially offset by efficiencies obtained from integration efforts and successful expense reduction efforts.

 

Traditional segment SG&A decreased $4.7 million from $113.4 million or 24.0% of Traditional segment revenues in fiscal 2003 to $108.7 million or 23.2% of Traditional segment revenues in fiscal 2004. The decrease in Traditional segment SG&A was primarily due to reduced commissions, driven by reduced revenues and gross margins in the Traditional segment, and fiscal 2003 included $1.2 million of costs to close the Lufkin, Texas warehouse. These reductions in SG&A were partially offset by increased warehouse and transportation expense associated with late season orders and shipments and costs for a supply optimization project. Specialty segment SG&A increased $20.2 million from $138.4 million in fiscal 2003 to $158.6 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in Specialty segment SG&A was primarily due to an increase in revenues and costs related to operating acquired

 

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Table of Contents

businesses. Specialty segment SG&A as a percent of Specialty segment revenues increased 120 basis points from 34.0% of revenues in fiscal 2003 to 35.2% of revenues in fiscal 2004. The increase in SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to incremental marketing expenses to support new initiatives, increased warehouse and transportation costs associated with late season shipments and orders, and costs related to a supply chain optimization project.

 

Interest Expense

 

Net interest expense increased 1.6% from $18.0 million in fiscal 2003 to $18.3 million in fiscal 2004. The increase in net interest expense was due to an increase in average debt outstanding, partially offset by a modest reduction in our effective borrowing rate.

 

Other Expenses

 

Other expenses, which consist of the discount and loss on the accounts receivable securitization, decreased $0.8 million from $1.9 million in fiscal 2003 to $1.1 million in fiscal 2004. The decrease in the discount and loss was primarily due to a decrease in average accounts receivable securitized and a reduction in the discount rate.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

 

The provision for income taxes was $25.9 million in fiscal 2004 as compared to $26.4 million in fiscal 2003, reflecting effective income tax rates of 38.8% and 40.0%, respectively. The reduction in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to lower effective state income tax rates. The higher effective tax rate, compared to the federal statutory rate of 35%, was primarily due to state income taxes.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At April 30, 2005, we had working capital of $114.5 million. Our capitalization at April 30, 2005 was $740.2 million, consisting of total debt of $195.7 million and shareholders’ equity of $544.5 million.

 

Our existing revolving credit facility matures on April 11, 2006 and provides for $250.0 million of availability. The amount outstanding as of April 30, 2005 under the credit facility was $45.5 million. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and contains certain financial and other covenants. During fiscal 2005, we borrowed under our credit facility primarily for seasonal working capital and the acquisition of The Guidance Channel. Our borrowings are usually significantly higher during the first two quarters of our fiscal year to meet the working capital needs of our peak selling season. As of April 30, 2005, our effective interest rate on borrowings under our credit facility was approximately 4.63%, which excludes amortization of loan origination fee costs and the commitment fees on unborrowed funds. During fiscal 2005, we paid commitment fees on unborrowed funds under the credit facility in the range of 32.5 basis points to 47.5 basis points and amortized loan origination fee costs of $0.5 million related to the credit facility.

 

On December 8, 2004, the Company entered into a supplemental indenture related to the $133.0 million, 3.75% convertible subordinated notes due August 1, 2023. Under terms of the supplemental indenture, the Company is required to satisfy in cash the portion of its conversion obligation with respect to the notes equal to the Accreted Principal Amount (as further defined in the supplemental indenture). The Company is permitted to satisfy the portion of the conversion obligation in excess of the Accreted Principal Amount, if any, in either cash or shares of common stock.

 

Holders of the $133.0 million, 3.75% convertible subordinated notes may surrender the notes for conversion at any time from and after the date that is 15 days prior to the date announced by the Company as the anticipated effective time of the Agreement and Plan of Merger until 15 days after the actual effective time of the Agreement and Plan of Merger. At the effective time of the Agreement and Plan of Merger, the right to convert such notes into the Company’s common stock will be deemed to change into a right to convert the notes into an amount of cash the holder would have received if the holder had converted its notes into the Company’s common stock immediately prior to the effective time of the merger, which is equal to $1,225 per $1,000 principal amount of notes surrendered, or $162.9 million in the aggregate. Not more than 20 days after the effective time of the merger, School Specialty, as

 

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the surviving corporation, must make an offer to repurchase all of such notes then outstanding for an amount in cash equal to 100% of the accreted principal amount of the notes, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the date the repurchase price is paid.

 

On August 5, 2004, we called for the redemption of $149.5 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6.0% convertible subordinated notes effective August 20, 2004. During the period from August 5, 2004 through August 19, 2004, the holders of the notes exercised their right to convert $114.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the notes into 3.6 million shares of our Common Stock. On August 20, 2004, the remaining $34.8 million in aggregate principal amount of the notes were redeemed for the contractual redemption price of $36.0 million. We recognized $1.8 million in expenses related to the premium paid on redemption and the write-off of deferred financing costs.

 

In November 2000, we entered into two sale-leaseback transactions which are accounted for as financings. Under the agreements, we recorded $18.5 million of debt, which has an effective interest rate of 8.97%, excluding

amortization of related fees. The leases expire in November 2020. The amount outstanding as of April 30, 2005 under the agreements was $17.1 million.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $52.0 million in fiscal 2005 compared to $69.0 million in fiscal 2004. The $17.0 million decrease in operating cash flows was primarily related to the additional working capital outflow associated with the extra week in our 53-week year in fiscal 2005, whereas fiscal 2004 was a 52-week year. The extra week in fiscal 2005 resulted in an increase in prepaid expenses, most notably rent, and a decline in accrued liabilities, most notably payroll and commissions, which resulted in additional cash expenditures taking place in fiscal 2005.

 

Net cash used in investing activities decreased $48.0 million from $97.8 million in fiscal 2004 to $49.8 million in fiscal 2005, primarily related to fluctuations in cash paid in acquisitions and cash paid for the purchase of property and equipment. Cash paid in acquisitions decreased $70.1 million from $89.3 million in fiscal 2004 to $19.2 million in fiscal 2005. Cash paid in acquisitions in fiscal 2004 represents the $17.2 million payment for the acquisition of Select Agendas, the $26.5 million payment for the acquisition of Califone, and the $45.7 million payment for the acquisition of Children’s Publishing. Cash paid in acquisitions in fiscal 2005 represents the purchase of The Guidance Channel. Additions to property and equipment, net of disposals, increased $15.4 million from $7.8 million in fiscal 2004 to $23.2 million in fiscal 2005, primarily consisting of distribution equipment in our new Mt. Joy, Pennsylvania distribution center, computer hardware and software related to the continued implementation of our new business systems.

 

Cash flows from financing activities decreased $29.2 million from $28.8 million of cash provided in fiscal 2004 to $0.4 million of cash used in fiscal 2005. The decrease in cash flows from financing activities primarily relates to the $34.8 million in aggregate principal amount of our 6% convertible subordinated notes which were redeemed at a premium of $1.2 million during the second quarter of fiscal 2005. In fiscal 2004, $133.0 million in proceeds from the July 2003 convertible debt offering were used to repay debt outstanding under the credit facility. Fees associated with this offering were approximately $4.0 million.

 

We anticipate that our cash flow from operations, borrowings available from our existing credit facility and other sources of capital will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for operations, including anticipated capital expenditures and our contractual obligations.

 

We expect our fiscal 2006 capital expenditures to be approximately $10 to $12 million and to consist primarily of computer hardware and software costs related to continued implementation of our new business systems and warehouse equipment costs.

 

The Agreement and Plan of Merger includes certain restrictions on the Company while the merger is pending, including, among others, restrictions on the payment of dividends and the issuance of additional debt obligations.

 

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Table of Contents

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We currently have a $100 million accounts receivable securitization facility which expires in November 2005, and may be extended further with the financial institution’s consent. We entered into the facility for the purpose of reducing our variable rate interest expense. At April 30, 2005, $47.2 million was advanced under the accounts receivable securitization and accordingly, that amount of accounts receivable has been removed from our consolidated balance sheet. Costs associated with the sale of receivables, primarily related to the discount and loss on sale, for fiscal 2005 were $2.1 million and are included in other expenses in our consolidated statement of operations.

 

Summary of Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes our contractual debt and operating lease obligations as of April 30, 2005:

 

    

Payments Due

(in thousands)


     Total

   Less than
1 year


   1 - 3
years


   3 - 5
years


   More than
5 years


Long-term debt obligations (1)

   $ 321,622    $ 54,483    $ 13,914    $ 13,914    $ 239,311

Capital lease obligations

     143      98      43      2      —  

Operating lease obligations

     69,818      10,277      14,875      10,618      34,048

Purchase obligations (2)

     3,750      3,750      —        —        —  

Other long-term liabilities reflected on the Company’s balance sheet under GAAP

     816      —        816      —        —  
    

  

  

  

  

Total contractual obligations

   $ 396,149    $ 68,608    $ 29,648    $ 24,534    $ 273,359
    

  

  

  

  


(1) Debt obligations includes principal and interest payments on our credit facility, convertible debt and sale-leaseback obligations, and assumes these obligations remain outstanding until maturity at current or contractually defined interest rates.
(2) As of April 30, 2005, we did not have any material long-term purchase obligations. The short-term purchase obligation relates to contractually obligated product development costs. Any other short-term purchase obligations the Company had as of April 30, 2005 were primarily for the purchase of inventory in the normal course.

 

Fluctuations in Quarterly Results of Operations

 

Our business is subject to seasonal influences. Our historical revenues and profitability have been dramatically higher in the first two quarters of our fiscal year, primarily due to increased shipments to customers coinciding with the start of each school year. Quarterly results also may be materially affected by the timing of acquisitions, the timing and magnitude of costs related to such acquisitions, variations in our costs for the products sold, the mix of products sold and general economic conditions. Moreover, the operating margins of companies we acquire may differ substantially from our own, which could contribute to further fluctuation in quarterly operating results. Therefore, results for any quarter are not indicative of the results that we may achieve for any subsequent fiscal quarter or for a full fiscal year.

 

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth certain unaudited consolidated quarterly financial data for fiscal years 2005 and 2004 (in thousands, except per share data). We derived this quarterly data from our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

     Fiscal 2005

     First

   Second

   Third

    Fourth

    Total

     (13 weeks)    (13 weeks)    (13 weeks)     (14 weeks)     (53 weeks)

Revenues

   $ 337,759    $ 361,458    $ 128,120     $ 175,170     $ 1,002,507

Gross profit

     145,404      146,209      52,165       74,254       418,032

Operating income (loss)

     57,117      55,418      (15,416 )     (10,000 )     87,119

Net income (loss)

     32,000      30,559      (11,207 )     (8,351 )     43,001

Per share amounts:

                                    

Basic

   $ 1.68    $ 1.41    $ (0.49 )   $ (0.37 )   $ 1.99

Diluted

   $ 1.37    $ 1.30    $ (0.49 )   $ (0.37 )   $ 1.88
     Fiscal 2004

     First

   Second

   Third

    Fourth

    Total

     (13 weeks)    (13 weeks)    (13 weeks)     (13 weeks)     (52 weeks)

Revenues

   $ 304,430    $ 335,066    $ 106,609     $ 161,398     $ 907,503

Gross profit

     127,929      135,865      42,304       68,581       374,679

Operating income (loss)

     49,058      53,998      (11,801 )     (5,136 )     86,119

Net income (loss)

     27,142      29,881      (10,106 )     (6,120 )     40,797

Per share amounts:

                                    

Basic

   $ 1.46    $ 1.59    $ (0.53 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 2.17

Diluted

   $ 1.21    $ 1.31    $ (0.53 )   $ (0.32 )   $ 1.94

 

Inflation

 

Inflation has had and is expected to have only a minor effect on our results of operations and our internal and external sources of liquidity.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

We believe the policies identified below are critical to our business and the understanding of our results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business are discussed throughout MD&A where applicable. Refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis and base them on a combination of historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our critical accounting policies that require significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue, net of estimated returns and allowances, is recognized upon the shipment of products or upon the completion of services provided to customers, which corresponds to the time when risk of ownership transfers, the selling price is fixed, the customer is obligated to pay and we have no significant remaining obligations. Cash received in advance from customers is deferred on our balance sheet as a current liability and recognized upon the shipment of products or upon the completion of services provided to the customers.

 

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Table of Contents

Catalog Costs and Related Amortization

 

We spend over $30 million annually to produce and distribute catalogs. We accumulate all direct costs incurred, net of vendor cooperative advertising payments, in the development, production and circulation of our catalogs on our balance sheet until such time as the related catalog is mailed. They are subsequently amortized into SG&A over the expected sales realization cycle, which is one year or less. Consequently, any difference between our estimated and actual revenue stream for a particular catalog and the related impact on amortization expense is neutralized within a period of one year or less. Our estimate of the expected sales realization cycle for a particular catalog is based on, among other possible considerations, our historical sales experience with identical or similar catalogs and our assessment of prevailing economic conditions and various competitive factors. We track our subsequent sales realization, reassess the marketplace, and compare our findings to our previous estimate and adjust the amortization of our future catalogs, if necessary.

 

Development Costs

 

We accumulate external and certain internal costs incurred in the development of a master copy of a book, video or other media on our balance sheet. As of April 30, 2005, we had $14.7 million in net development costs on our balance sheet. A majority of these costs are associated with our School Specialty Publishing and Teacher’s Media Company businesses. The capitalized development costs are subsequently amortized into cost of revenues over the expected sales realization cycle of the products, which is typically five years. During fiscal 2005, we amortized to expense $4.4 million related to development costs. We continue to monitor the expected sales realization cycle for each product, and will adjust the remaining expected life of the development costs or recognize an impairment, if warranted.

 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

At April 30, 2005, goodwill and intangible assets represented approximately 61% of our total assets. Determining the recoverability of these assets requires considerable judgment and is evaluated on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. As it relates to goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets, we apply the impairment rules in accordance with SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” As required by SFAS No. 142, the recoverability of these assets is subject to a fair value assessment which includes judgments regarding financial projections, including forecasted cash flows and discount rates, and comparable market values. As it relates to finite life intangible assets, we apply the impairment rules as required by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” which also requires significant judgments related to the expected future cash flows attributable to the intangible asset. The impact of modifying any of these assumptions can have a significant impact on the estimate of fair value and, thus, the estimated recoverability, or impairment, if any, of the asset.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

 

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and debt. Market risks relating to our operations result primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings under our credit facility and our discount expense related to our accounts receivable securitization are primarily dependent upon LIBOR rates. Assuming no change in our financial structure, if variable interest rates were to average 100 basis points higher during fiscal 2005, pre-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $1.0 million. This amount was determined by considering a hypothetical 100 basis point increase in interest rates on average variable-rate debt outstanding and the average advanced under the accounts receivable securitization facility during fiscal 2005. The estimated fair value of long-term debt approximated its carrying value at April 30, 2005, with the exception of our convertible debt which at April 30, 2005 had a carrying value of $133.0 million and a fair market value of $142.6 million.

 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of

    School Specialty, Inc.

Greenville, Wisconsin

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of School Specialty, Inc., and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 30, 2005 and April 24, 2004, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2005. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statemements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of School Specialty, Inc. and subsidiaries as of April 30, 2005 and April 24, 2004, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 30, 2005 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of April 30, 2005, based on the criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated July 7, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion on management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

July 7, 2005

 

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Table of Contents

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

 

     April 30,
2005


   April 24,
2004


ASSETS

             

Current assets:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 4,193    $ 2,369

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $4,065 and $6,627, respectively

     60,374      52,995

Inventories

     137,578      139,786

Deferred catalog costs

     18,930      15,578

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     20,542      12,491

Deferred taxes

     7,853      5,757
    

  

Total current assets

     249,470      228,976

Property, plant and equipment, net

     73,264      65,294

Goodwill

     479,513      462,039

Intangible assets, net

     62,586      55,657

Other

     19,772      20,641
    

  

Total assets

   $ 884,605    $ 832,607
    

  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

             

Current liabilities:

             

Current maturities - long-term debt

   $ 45,991    $ 524

Accounts payable

     56,792      58,225

Accrued compensation

     10,034      13,840

Deferred revenue

     4,888      7,018

Other accrued liabilities

     17,252      17,368
    

  

Total current liabilities

     134,957      96,975

Long-term debt - less current maturities

     149,680      314,104

Deferred taxes

     54,607      42,553

Other liabilities

     816      —  
    

  

Total liabilities

     340,060      453,632

Commitments and contingencies

             

Shareholders’ equity:

             

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding

     —        —  

Common stock, $0.001 par value per share, 150,000,000 shares authorized and 22,851,225 and 19,069,987 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

     23      19

Capital paid-in excess of par value

     349,421      230,258

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     9,009      5,607

Retained earnings

     186,092      143,091
    

  

Total shareholders’ equity

     544,545      378,975
    

  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 884,605    $ 832,607
    

  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 30,
2005


    April 24,
2004


    April 26,
2003


 
     (53 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)  

Revenues

   $ 1,002,507     $ 907,503     $ 870,030  

Cost of revenues

     584,475       532,824       512,167  
    


 


 


Gross profit

     418,032       374,679       357,863  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     330,913       288,560       271,916  
    


 


 


Operating income

     87,119       86,119       85,947  

Other (income) expense:

                        

Interest expense

     13,058       18,351       18,043  

Interest income

     (176 )     (67 )     (42 )

Other

     2,074       1,123       1,909  

Redemption costs and fees for convertible debt redemption

     1,839       —         —    
    


 


 


Income before provision for income taxes

     70,324       66,712       66,037  

Provision for income taxes

     27,323       25,915       26,447  
    


 


 


Net income

   $ 43,001     $ 40,797     $ 39,590  
    


 


 


Weighted average shares outstanding:

                        

Basic

     21,612       18,828       18,324  

Diluted

     23,910       24,125       23,378  

Net income per share:

                        

Basic

   $ 1.99     $ 2.17     $ 2.16  

Diluted

   $ 1.88     $ 1.94     $ 1.94  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED APRIL 30, 2005, APRIL 24, 2004 AND APRIL 26, 2003

(In Thousands)

 

     Common Stock

   Capital Paid-in
Excess of Par
Value


    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income


   Retained
Earnings


   Total
Shareholders’
Equity


    Total
Comprehensive
Income


     Shares

   Dollars

                          

Balance at April 27, 2002

   18,046    $ 18    $ 208,053     $ 395    $ 62,704    $ 271,170        

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   389      —        6,445       —        —        6,445        

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —        —        1,494       —        —        1,494        

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —        —        —         2,754      —        2,754     $ 2,754

Net income

   —        —        —         —        39,590      39,590       39,590
    
  

  


 

  

  


 

Total comprehensive income

                                             $ 42,344
                                              

Balance at April 26, 2003

   18,435      18      215,992       3,149      102,294      321,453        

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   635      1      11,710       —        —        11,711        

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —        —        2,556       —        —        2,556        

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —        —        —         2,458      —        2,458     $ 2,458

Net income

   —        —        —         —        40,797      40,797       40,797
    
  

  


 

  

  


 

Total comprehensive income

                                             $ 43,255
                                              

Balance at April 24, 2004

   19,070      19      230,258       5,607      143,091      378,975        

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   230      —        5,375       —        —        5,375        

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —        —        1,252       —        —        1,252        

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with conversion of convertible debt

   3,551      4      114,653       —        —        114,657        

Unamortized deferred financing fees related to conversion of convertible debt

   —        —        (2,117 )     —        —        (2,117 )      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —        —        —         3,402      —        3,402     $ 3,402

Net income

   —        —        —         —        43,001      43,001       43,001
    
  

  


 

  

  


 

Total comprehensive income

                                             $ 46,403
                                              

Balance at April 30, 2005

   22,851    $ 23    $ 349,421     $ 9,009    $ 186,092    $ 544,545        
    
  

  


 

  

  


     

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 30,
2005


    April 24,
2004


    April 26,
2003


 
     (53 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)  

Cash flows from operating activities:

                        

Net income

   $ 43,001     $ 40,797     $ 39,590  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

                        

Depreciation and amortization expense

     18,119       17,905       15,521  

Amortization of development costs

     4,418       1,717       465  

Amortization of debt fees and other

     1,405       2,677       3,027  

Deferred taxes

     11,639       8,647       8,222  

Loss on redemption of convertible debt

     1,839       —         —    

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, equipment and other

     152       (15 )     1,122  

Changes in current assets and liabilities (net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations):

                        

Net (repayments) borrowings under accounts receivable securitization facility

     (2,800 )     4,000       (4,000 )

Accounts receivable

     (2,682 )     4,601       2,101  

Inventories

     (890 )     (5,068 )     2,735  

Deferred catalog costs

     (2,254 )     1,867       (3,855 )

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     (8,314 )     (2,828 )     7,332  

Accounts payable

     (3,358 )     (5,562 )     2,845  

Accrued liabilities

     (8,244 )     218       (12,139 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by operating activities

     52,031       68,956       62,966  
    


 


 


Cash flows from investing activities:

                        

Cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired

     (19,219 )     (89,273 )     (55,843 )

Additions to property, plant and equipment

     (23,376 )     (8,974 )     (11,305 )

Investment in intangible and other assets

     (1,710 )     —         —    

Investment in development costs

     (5,835 )     (4,726 )     (940 )

Proceeds from business dispositions, net of cash disposed

     193       4,026       —    

Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment

     128       1,135       655  
    


 


 


Net cash used in investing activities

     (49,819 )     (97,812 )     (67,433 )
    


 


 


Cash flows from financing activities:

                        

Proceeds from bank borrowings

     540,900       349,900       247,200  

Repayment of debt and capital leases

     (510,360 )     (461,730 )     (251,339 )

Proceeds from convertible debt offering

     —         133,000       —    

Redemption of convertible debt

     (34,843 )     —         —    

Premium on redemption of convertible debt

     (1,195 )     —         —    

Payment of debt fees and other

     (265 )     (4,045 )     (1,573 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     5,375       11,711       6,445  
    


 


 


Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

     (388 )     28,836       733  
    


 


 


Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     1,824       (20 )     (3,734 )

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

     2,369       2,389       6,123  
    


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

   $ 4,193     $ 2,369     $ 2,389  
    


 


 


Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

                        

Interest paid

   $ 13,520     $ 15,673     $ 16,382  

Income taxes paid

   $ 17,506     $ 18,248     $ 16,438  

Non-cash financing activities:

                        

Conversion of convertible debt into common stock

   $ 112,540     $ —       $ —    

 

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Table of Contents

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)

(In Thousands)

 

The Company paid cash in connection with certain business combinations accounted for under the purchase method in the fiscal years ended April 30, 2005, April 24, 2004, and April 26, 2003. The fair values of the assets and liabilities of the acquired companies are presented as follows:

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 30,
2005


    April 24,
2004


    April 26,
2003


 
     (53 weeks)     (52 weeks)     (52 weeks)  

Accounts receivable

   $ 1,339     $ 13,526     $ 12,324  

Inventories

     2,228       30,492       13,558  

Current deferred tax assets

     —         2,044       286  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     1,180       9,337       3,011  

Property, plant and equipment

     257       6,770       1,088  

Goodwill

     6,004       28,242       36,550  

Intangible assets

     10,829       16,071       11,040  

Other assets

     132       —         —    

Short-term debt and capital lease obligations

     (3 )     (6 )     (1,115 )

Accounts payable

     (1,802 )     (6,903 )     (7,413 )

Accrued liabilities

     (1,120 )     (4,220 )     (6,880 )

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

     —         (96 )     (10,334 )

Long-term deferred tax liabilities

     —         (5,971 )     (488 )
    


 


 


Net assets acquired (1)

   $ 19,044     $ 89,286     $ 51,627  
    


 


 



(1) Fiscal 2005 cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as reported within cash flows from investing activities includes the payment of $75 to the selling shareholders of Select Agendas and a deferred purchase price payment of $100 related to the October 2001 acquisition of Premier Science. Fiscal 2004 cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as reported within cash flows from investing activities includes a deferred purchase price payment of $100 related to Premier Science, offset by purchase price adjustments of $113 related to previous acquisitions. Fiscal 2003 cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as reported within cash flows from investing activities includes the payment of $4,112 for a fiscal 2002 note and other payable to selling shareholders, a deferred purchase price payment of $100 related to Premier Science and miscellaneous purchase price adjustments of $4.

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED APRIL 30, 2005, APRIL 24, 2004 AND APRIL 26, 2003

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

School Specialty, Inc. (the “Company”) is an education company, serving the preK-12 market, with leading brands that provide educators with innovative and proprietary products, programs and services designed to help educators engage and inspire students of all ages and abilities.

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes to consolidated financial statements include the accounts of School Specialty, Inc., its subsidiaries and the companies acquired in business combinations from their respective dates of acquisition. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Definition of Fiscal Year

 

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in April in each year. As used in these consolidated financial statements and related notes to consolidated financial statements, “fiscal 2005, “fiscal 2004” and “fiscal 2003” refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended April 30, 2005, April 24, 2004 and April 26, 2003, respectively. All fiscal years reported represent 52 weeks with the exception of fiscal 2005 which had 53 weeks.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers cash investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories, which consist primarily of products held for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost generally determined on a weighted-average basis.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Additions and improvements are capitalized, whereas maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The estimated useful lives range from twenty-five to forty years f