10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934:

 

For the fiscal year ended April 26, 2003

 

OR

 

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

Commission File No. 000-24385

 


 

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Wisconsin   39-0971239

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

W6316 Design Drive

Greenville, Wisconsin

  54942
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:  (920) 734-5712

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock, $0.001 par value

(Title of class)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes  x  No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes  x  No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the Registrant, as of October 26, 2002, was approximately $478,014,739. As of July 7, 2003, there were 18,742,407 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on August 26, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 



PART I

 

Item 1. Business

 

Unless the context requires otherwise, all references to “School Specialty,” “we” or “our” refer to School Specialty, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Our fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in April of each year. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K (“Annual Report”), we refer to fiscal years by reference to the calendar year in which they end (e.g. the fiscal year ended April 26, 2003 is referred to as “fiscal 2003”). Note that all fiscal years reported and referenced represent 52 weeks, with the exception of fiscal 2000, which had 53 weeks.

 

Company Overview

 

School Specialty is the largest direct marketing company for supplemental educational supplies to schools and teachers for pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade (“preK-12”) in the United States. We hold approximately a 14 percent market share of the $6.8 billion other instructional materials market. We offer more than 80,000 items, many of which are proprietary, mail over 40 million catalogs annually, operate a national distribution network and have developed both an on-line education portal and e-commerce websites. Our broad product range enables us to provide customers with one source for virtually all of their supplemental educational supply needs. Our leading market position has been achieved by emphasizing high-quality products, superior order fulfillment and exceptional customer service. As a result, we have been able to establish relationships with virtually all of the country’s preK-12 schools and reach nearly all of the country’s teachers.

 

We recognize that educational supply procurement decisions are made at the district and school levels by administrators as well as at the classroom level by teachers and curriculum specialists. As a result, we have created an innovative multi-channel sales and marketing strategy enabling us to market our products to the various levels of buyers within the education market. The “traditional” or “top down” approach targets school districts and school administrators through our traditional sales force of over 300 professionals, the School Specialty general supply catalog and JuneBox.com, which offers a B2B (business to business) educational portal that allows custom catalogs and pricing, a business system interface as well as a B2T (business to teacher) option. The “specialty” or “bottom up” approach targets the classroom level decision-makers through our specialty sales force of over 200 professionals, through our catalogs featuring our specialty brands as well as the ClassroomDirect catalog and B2T websites. Our other specialty catalogs include Premier Agendas, Childcraft, abc, Sax Arts and Crafts, and Sportime. The specialty businesses offer more specialized products for individual disciplines. Many of these products are proprietary to our specialty brands.

 

We believe most of our brands hold the leading market position in their respective categories. We have also solidified this leading market position by acquiring companies which have expanded our geographic presence and product offering. The critical mass we have achieved allows us to benefit from increased buying power while leveraging our national distribution network and sales force to operate more efficiently.

 

We have grown significantly in recent years through acquisitions and internal growth. From fiscal 1999 through fiscal 2003, our revenues increased from $521.7 million to $870.0 million, a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 13.6 percent. In fiscal 2003, revenues increased by 13.4 percent over the previous fiscal year. We remain focused on growth opportunities, including increasing our penetration rate and expanding in attractive regions, which would allow us to enhance our position as the number one marketer of supplemental educational supplies in the United States.


School Specialty, Inc., founded in October 1959, was acquired by U.S. Office Products in May 1996. In June 1998, School Specialty was spun-off from U.S. Office Products in a tax-free transaction. Our common stock is listed on The Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “SCHS.” In August 2000, we reincorporated from Delaware to Wisconsin. Our principal offices are located at W6316 Design Drive, Greenville, Wisconsin 54942, and our telephone number is (920) 734-5712. Our general website address is www.schoolspecialty.com. You may obtain, free of charge, copies of this Annual Report on Form 10-K as well as our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and our Current Reports on Form 8-K (and amendments to those reports) filed with, or furnished to, the Securities Exchange Commission as soon as reasonably practicable after we have filed, or furnished, such reports by accessing our website at http://www.schoolspecialty.com, clicking on “General,” then selecting “Investor Information” and then selecting the “SEC Filings” link. Information contained in any of our websites is not deemed to be a part of this Annual Report.

 

Industry Overview

 

The school supply market consists of the sale of supplemental educational supplies, furniture and equipment to school districts, individual schools, teachers and curriculum specialists who purchase products for school and classroom use. Market Data Retrieval reports that 2001 public school expenditures in the United States of other instructional materials were approximately $6.8 billion. Of this amount, approximately $4.1 billion is sold through institutional channels and the remaining $2.7 billion is sold through retail channels, such as teacher stores.

 

According to the U.S. Department of Education, there are approximately 16,000 school districts, 118,500 elementary and secondary schools and 3.6 million teachers in the United States. Administrators for both school districts and individual schools usually make the decision to purchase the general school supplies and furniture needed to operate the school. Teachers and curriculum specialists generally decide on curriculum-specific products for use in their classrooms and individual disciplines. According to the National School Supply Equipment Association, or NSSEA, teachers spent approximately $1.9 billion of their own money in 2002 on supplies to supplement classroom materials.

 

The industry has highly predictable and generally favorable trends. Education expenditures have risen each year for the past 15 years and are expected to have exceeded $454 billion in 2002, according to the U.S. Department of Education. The most common measure of education spending is current expenditures per student. According to the National Education Association, current expenditures per student in constant dollars have increased from $6,696 in 1989 to an estimated $7,340 in 2003 and are expected to increase further to $8,875 in 2010, a 21 percent increase over 2003 expenditures. Incremental spending will thus exceed enrollment growth, which according to the U.S. Department of Education is projected to grow by 17 percent from 1989 to 2011 to a record level of 53.0 million students. The industry is affected by prevailing political and social trends. The attitude of the government towards education determines, to some extent, total expenditures on education. The attitude toward education is generally favorable; however, the industry has been recently affected by the generally weakened economic environment, which has placed pressure on some state and local budgets, the primary sources of school funding.

 

In January 2002 President Bush signed into law the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 designed to improve student achievement in classrooms across the country. The fiscal 2002 federal budget provided for $4.6 billion in federal education funding, an 11 percent increase over the prior year.

 

The industry is highly fragmented with over 3,400 direct marketers of supplemental education supplies, many of which are family- or employee-owned businesses that operate in a single geographic region. We believe the increasing demand for single-source suppliers, prompt order fulfillment and

 

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competitive pricing, along with the related need for suppliers to invest in automated inventory and electronic ordering systems, is fostering consolidation within the industry. The industry has been trending toward decentralized, or site-based purchasing, which increases individual school’s and teacher’s roles in educational supply procurement decisions. We believe these changes are driving a shift in growth to the higher margin specialty businesses, which offer more focused products for different educational disciplines.

 

Recent Acquisitions

 

Select Agendas. In May 2003 we acquired Select Agendas, a Canadian-based company that produces and markets student agendas, for a preliminary aggregate purchase price of approximately $10 million, which is subject to an earn-out provision. The business will be integrated with Premier Agendas and reported as part of our Specialty segment.

 

Sunburst Visual Media. In February 2003 we acquired the visual media division of Sunburst Technology Corporation for approximately $8 million. Sunburst is a leading developer and marketer of proprietary videos, DVDs and related curriculum materials covering the character education, health and guidance curriculums in K-12 schools. Sunburst has been integrated with Teacher’s Video as a separate brand offering and has been reported in our Specialty segment since the date of acquisition.

 

J.L. Hammett. In August 2002 we acquired the remaining wholesale operations of J.L. Hammett (“Hammett”) for approximately $14 million. The Hammett business acquired primarily marketed preK-12 educational products to charter schools and national child care centers. The business has been integrated into our national account business within the Traditional segment.

 

ABC School Supply. In August 2002 we acquired ABC School Supply and related affiliates (“ABC”). ABC, a producer and marketer of pre-K through eighth grade educational products, has been integrated into our Childcraft division and national accounts business. We paid approximately $30 million for ABC and also assumed approximately $11 million of debt.

 

Premier Agendas. In December 2001 we acquired all of the stock of Premier Agendas, Inc. and Premier School Agendas, Ltd. (together “Premier Agendas”) for approximately $156 million. Headquartered in Bellingham, Washington, Premier Agendas is the largest provider of academic agendas in the United States and Canada. Premier Agendas has been included in our Specialty segment since the date of acquisition. We integrated our existing student agenda brands, Hammond & Stephens and Time Tracker, into the Premier Agendas business.

 

Competitive Strengths

 

We attribute our strong competitive position to the following key factors:

 

Number One Market Share. We have the highest revenues of any direct marketing company for supplemental education supplies. We have developed this leading market position by emphasizing high-quality products, superior order fulfillment and exceptional customer service. We believe that our large size and brand recognition have resulted in significant buying power, economies of scale and customer loyalty. In addition, our recent acquisitions have allowed us to increase our market presence and solidify our pricing leverage.

 

Leading Established Brands. We have the most established and recognized brands in the industry. We believe that a majority of our brands have a leading market position in their respective categories, based on revenues. With a historical track record of over 100 years for some brands, the Company’s traditional and specialty brands represent a significant competitive advantage.

 

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Broad Product Lines. Our strategy is to provide a full range of high-quality products to meet the complete supply needs of schools for preK-12. With over 80,000 items ranging from classroom supplies and furniture to playground equipment, we provide customers with one source for virtually all of their supplemental educational supplies and furniture needs. In addition to our traditional School Specialty brand, our specialty businesses enrich our general product offering and create opportunities to cross merchandise our specialty products to our traditional customers. Specialty businesses include the following brands:

 

Brand


   Products

Premier Agendas

  

Student agendas

Childcraft and abc

  

Early childhood

Sax Arts and Crafts

  

Art supplies

ClassroomDirect

  

General supplies

Sportime

  

Physical education

Teacher’s Video and Sunburst Visual Media

  

Educational videos

Frey Scientific

  

Science

Brodhead Garrett

  

Industrial arts

 

Innovative Full-Service Business Model. We believe that we are the only company in our industry that has developed a full-service business model with an integrated, multi-channel marketing approach. As a result, we reach district and school administrative decision makers as well as teachers and curriculum specialists through separate sales forces, catalog mailings and the Internet. We utilize our customer database across our family of catalogs to maximize their effectiveness and increase our marketing reach. Additionally, our e-commerce websites provide a comprehensive presence on the Internet which we believe is a significant competitive advantage for us.

 

Stable Industry with Favorable Trends and Dynamics. Because the market for educational supplies is driven primarily by demographics and government spending, we believe our industry is less exposed to economic cycles than many others. We have established working relationships with many large public education organizations and understand how to do business effectively with these institutions. In addition, approximately 70 percent of our revenues are generated from the sale of consumable products, which are generally used each year in the education process and consequently they typically need to be repurchased annually.

 

Established Infrastructure and Customer Relationships. We believe our numerous leading brands, national sales force, large and broad product offering, established customer relationships and a national distribution network with multiple sales channels, including e-commerce, give us a significant competitive advantage. The supplemental education supply market is highly seasonal, with a January through July selling season and a June through October shipping season, and our infrastructure and logistical capacities and capabilities permit us to meet the requirements of these peak periods effectively.

 

Proven Acquisition and Integration Model. We have completed 17 acquisitions since May 1998. We have established a 6 to 12 month target for our integration process in which we form a focused transition team that is assigned to sell or discontinue incompatible business units, reduce the number of items in the product offering, eliminate redundant expenses, integrate the acquired entity’s business systems, and exploit buying power. We believe we have proven that we can rapidly improve the operating margins of the businesses we acquire by employing an effective integration process.

 

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Effective Use of Technology. We believe that our use of information technology systems allows us to turn over inventory more quickly than our competitors, offer customers more convenient and cost effective ways of ordering products, and more precisely focus our sales and marketing strategies.

 

Experienced and Incentivised Management. Our management team provides depth and continuity of experience. In addition, management’s interests are aligned with those of our shareholders, as many members of management own shares of our common stock and/or have been granted options to purchase our common stock.

 

Growth Strategy

 

We use the following strategies to grow and enhance our position as the leading marketer of supplemental educational supplies:

 

Internal Growth. We plan to continue to increase our revenues by:

 

    Taking advantage of market growth resulting from rising expenditures per student, combined with increasing enrollment

 

    Increasing penetration in geographic markets within the United States and Canada where we are currently underrepresented

 

    Increasing penetration in large districts by offering our single-source product solution

 

    Increasing penetration in the early childhood market

 

    Cross-merchandising specialty products to traditional customers

 

    Developing proprietary products that are curriculum and age specific

 

    Increasing marketing directed toward teachers

 

    Encouraging brand loyalty to the total School Specialty brand offering

 

    Adding new products to enhance the breadth of our product offering

 

    Pursuing price increases to the extent supported by market conditions

 

    Adding sales through Internet channels

 

Margin Improvement. As we continue to grow our revenues, we plan to increase margins by selling more specialty products, which typically generate higher gross margins due to the large number of proprietary and branded products in the product mix. In addition, we believe we can further improve operating margins by leveraging the benefits of our recent acquisitions and:

 

    Increasing buying power combined with price expansion

 

    Reviewing and adjusting the level of customer discounts

 

    Taking advantage of the industry’s shift toward site-based (versus centralized) purchasing

 

    Increasing our sourcing of product from overseas

 

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    Improving the efficiency of our distribution network

 

    Continuing the elimination of redundant expenses of acquired businesses

 

    Reducing our overhead costs

 

Acquisitions. Our selective acquisition strategy and proven integration model have allowed us to solidify our leading position within the industry and establish a strong national marketing and distribution platform. This platform allows us to integrate acquired brands more easily and strengthen our specialty brand portfolio and enter supplemental education categories in which we do not currently compete, such as music or math, in addition to enabling us to grow faster than the industry. We believe that our size and national presence give us an advantage as a potential acquirer in a consolidating industry.

 

Furthermore, our proven integration model allows us to realize significant synergies. We believe we have demonstrated our ability to reduce redundant costs, retain the customers of the acquired brands, and integrate distribution networks and information technology platforms. For each acquisition, we generally assume a reduction of approximately 10 percent of the acquired company’s revenues. The reduction is expected as we discontinue any unprofitable business lines, divest any product lines outside our core competencies and reduce overlapping sales forces. The integration model is designed to offset the sales reduction and efficiently combine the businesses. The model allows us to smoothly consolidate distribution centers, improve geographic distribution, integrate the back-office functions, expand purchasing power and, when a specialty company is acquired, realize product and margin enhancement related to cross merchandising.

 

Product Lines

 

We market two broad categories of products: general school supplies and specialty products geared towards specific educational disciplines. Our specialty products enrich our general supply product offering and create opportunities to cross merchandise our specialty products, many of which are proprietary, to our traditional customers. With over 80,000 items ranging from classroom supplies and furniture to playground equipment, we provide customers with one source for virtually all of their supplemental educational supply needs. Our business is highly seasonal with peak sales levels occurring from June through October.

 

Our general school supply product lines can be described as follows:

 

School Specialty. Through the School Specialty catalog, which is targeted to administrative decision makers, we offer a comprehensive selection of classroom supplies, instructional materials, educational games, art supplies, school forms, educational software, physical education equipment, audio-visual equipment, school furniture and indoor and outdoor equipment. We believe we are the largest school furniture resale source in the United States. We have been granted exclusive franchises for certain furniture lines in specific territories and we enjoy significant purchasing power in open furniture lines. We enhance our furniture offering with a custom design and contract management service called Projects by Design, which assists in the building or renovation of schools.

 

Our specialty businesses offer product lines for specific educational disciplines, as follows:

 

Premier Agendas. Premier Agendas is the largest provider of academic agendas in the United States and Canada. The agendas include proprietary content to promote student success. Premier is also a leading publisher of school forms, including record books, grade books, teacher planners and other printed forms under the brand name Hammond & Stephens.

 

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Childcraft and abc. We market early childhood education products and materials under the Childcraft and abc brands. Childcraft and abc also market over 2,000 proprietary or exclusive products manufactured by Childcraft’s Bird-in-Hand Woodworks subsidiary, including wood classroom furniture and equipment such as library shelving, cubbies, easels, desks and play vehicles.

 

Sax Arts and Crafts. Sax Arts and Crafts is a leading marketer of art supplies and art instruction materials, including paints, brushes, paper, ceramics, art metals and glass, leather and wood crafts. Sax Arts and Crafts offers customers a toll free “Art Savvy Hotline” staffed with professional artists to respond to customer questions.

 

ClassroomDirect. ClassroomDirect offers general supplemental educational supplies to teachers and curriculum specialists directly through its mail-order catalogs and fully integrated B2T website.

 

Sportime. Sportime is a leading marketer of physical education, athletic and recreational products. Sportime’s catalog product offering includes products for early childhood through middle school as well as targeted products for physically or learning challenged children.

 

Teacher’s Video and Sunburst Visual Media. Teacher’s Video and Sunburst Visual Media are leading marketers and producers of educational videos and DVDs for educators. Teacher’s Video targets teachers, curriculum coordinators and department heads through 17 different curriculum-oriented catalogs, with a total annual mailing volume in excess of 18 million catalogs. Sunburst Visual Media markets videos, DVDs and related curriculum materials covering character education, health and guidance curriculums to schools.

 

Frey Scientific. Frey Scientific is a marketer of laboratory supplies, equipment and furniture for science classrooms. Frey Scientific offers value-added focus in the biology, chemistry, physics and earth science areas.

 

Brodhead Garrett. Brodhead Garrett is the nation’s oldest marketer of industrial arts products and technical materials to classrooms. Brodhead Garrett’s product line includes various items such as drill presses, sand paper, lathes and robotic controlled arms.

 

Our merchandising managers, many of whom have prior experience in education, continually review and update the product lines for each business. The merchandising managers convene customer focus groups and advisory panels to determine whether current offerings are well-received and to anticipate future demand. The merchandising managers also travel to product fairs and conventions seeking out new product lines. This annual review process results in a constant reshaping and expansion of the educational materials and products we offer.

 

For further information regarding our Traditional and Specialty segments, see our “Segment Information” in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

We have implemented an innovative multi-channel sales and marketing strategy that employs a traditional sales force of over 300 professionals, a specialty sales force of over 200 professionals, over 40 million catalogs mailed annually, B2T websites and a B2B educational portal. We believe we have developed a substantially different sales and marketing model from that of other supplemental educational supply companies in the United States. Our strategy is to use two separate sales and marketing approaches (“top down” and “bottom up”) to reach all the prospective purchasers in the education system.

 

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Traditional Business. Our “top down” marketing approach targets administrative decision-makers through our traditional sales force, the School Specialty general supply catalog and the JuneBox.com B2B education portal. This approach accounts for the majority of our traditional business.

 

Our primary compensation program for sales representatives is based on commissions as a percentage of gross profit on sales. For new and transitioning sales representatives, we offer salary and expense reimbursement until the representative is moved to a full commission compensation structure.

 

Schools typically purchase supplies based on established relationships with relatively few vendors. We seek to establish and maintain these critical relationships by assigning accounts within a specific geographic territory to a local area sales representative who is supported by a centrally located customer service team. The customer service representatives frequently call on existing customers to ascertain and fulfill their supplemental educational supply needs. The representatives maintain contact with these customers throughout the order cycle and assist in order processing.

 

We have a centralized and national sales, marketing, distribution and customer service structure. We believe that this structure significantly improves our effectiveness through better sales management, resulting in higher regional penetration, and significant cost savings through the reduction of distribution centers.

 

“Projects by Design” is a service we provide to help in the building or renovation of schools. Our professionals prepare a detailed room-by-room analysis to simplify supplemental educational supply planning and fulfillment. Customers have the ability to view prospective classrooms through our innovative software in order to efficiently manage the project.

 

Specialty Business. We use the “bottom up” approach to target the classroom level decision-makers through our specialty sales force, catalogs featuring our specialty brands and B2T websites, along with our ClassroomDirect catalog and website. These catalogs allow teachers to procure supplies that are specific to their curriculum and classroom needs and may not have been purchased by school administration.

 

Generally, for each specialty brand, a major catalog containing its full product offering is distributed near the end of the calendar year for the beginning of the January through July selling season. During the course of the year we mail additional supplemental catalogs. Schools and teachers can also access websites for product information and purchasing. Further, we believe that by cross marketing our specialty brands to traditional customers, we can achieve substantial incremental sales.

 

Internet Operations. We believe the Internet is an effective and efficient sales channel for us and our customers. Our Internet approach comprises both B2T websites and a B2B portal that create additional sales channels for us. We have been involved in e-commerce for over five years and have developed the leading e-commerce websites in the industry. All of our specialty companies operate complete information and e-commerce websites. Additionally, we also offer JuneBox.com, a set of e-commerce solutions specifically designed to meet the unique needs of educational organizations. One component, the “MarketPlace,” is a full-featured e-procurement system which provides all the Internet purchasing benefits to schools. Another component, “The Stores” offers a complete on-line catalog for individual teacher purchases. Other components allow the districts to integrate JuneBox product information and systems directly into their business systems, allowing for a more streamlined and accurate procurement process.

 

Pricing. Pricing for our general and specialty product offerings varies by product and market channel. We generally offer a negotiated discount from catalog prices for supplies from our School

 

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Specialty catalog and respond to quote and bid requests. The pricing structure of specialty products offered through direct marketing is generally not subject to negotiation.

 

School Specialty has built a broad customer base where no single customer accounted for more than 2 percent of sales during fiscal 2001, 2002 or 2003. We believe we sell into every school district in the United States and reach nearly all of the country’s teachers.

 

Procurement

 

Traditional Business. We purchase our general school supplies and furniture and equipment from over 2,000 vendors. Product selection is evaluated on an annual basis and we typically negotiate an annual supply contract with each vendor. Our supply contracts with our larger vendors usually provide for special pricing and/or extended terms and often include volume based incentive and rebate programs. In fiscal 2000, we introduced a private label, ClassroomSelect, and subsequently expanded product selection which has allowed for margin expansion. We have exclusive distribution rights on several furniture and equipment lines.

 

Specialty Business. Many of our products in the specialty business are proprietary. We either develop the product or it is an exclusive product developed on our behalf. Typically, we outsource the manufacturing of proprietary products. However, our Childcraft division manufactures wood furniture for sale by Childcraft, abc and our other businesses. We also produce our Teacher’s Video proprietary videos at our facility in Tempe, Arizona and our Premier agendas and forms are designed and produced at our facilities in Bellingham, Washington, Fremont, Nebraska, and Langley, British Columbia, as well as through third party printers. We purchase non-proprietary products in the specialty business in a similar manner as our traditional business procurement process.

 

To the extent the traditional and specialty businesses are sourcing product from common vendors, we typically negotiate one contract to take full advantage of our combined buying power. We maintain close and stable relationships with our vendors to facilitate a streamlined procurement process. At the same time, we continually review alternative supply sources in an effort to improve quality, improve customer satisfaction, and reduce product cost. We are currently working with our larger vendors to provide for an electronic procurement process, which will automate our procurement cycle transactions, from purchase order through payment, utilizing an electronic interface. We believe this electronic process will reduce cost and improve accuracy and efficiency in our procurement and fulfillment process.

 

Logistics

 

We have built what we believe is the largest and most sophisticated distribution network among our direct marketing competitors, with seven fully-automated and seamlessly-integrated distribution centers that ship directly to the customer. The distribution centers average approximately 200,000 square feet. We also maintain call centers to support customer service and sales. We believe this network represents a significant competitive advantage for us, allowing us to reach any school in a fast and efficient manner. We shipped approximately 70 percent of stocked inventory via UPS in fiscal 2003 and had a 97 percent on-time delivery rate. The fill-rate of our facilities has generally exceeded 95 percent at the peak of our shipping season. We have the ability to expand the network through additions needed to support sales growth. New warehouse capacity can be leased and no large capital investments are typically required.

 

In order to maintain the proprietary nature of some of our specialty products, we operate four manufacturing facilities. The Lancaster, Pennsylvania facility manufactures products primarily for the Childcraft and abc brands, while the Bellingham, Washington, Fremont, Nebraska, and Langley, British

 

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Columbia facilities are used for the production of student agendas and school forms. Our manufactured products account for approximately 7 percent of our revenues.

 

Information Systems

 

We believe that through the utilization of technology in areas such as purchasing and inventory management, customer order fulfillment and database management, we are able to turn over inventory more quickly, offer customers more convenient and cost effective ways of ordering products, and more precisely focus our sales and marketing strategies.

 

In the traditional and certain specialty businesses, we use a specialized distribution software package. This software package, System for Distributors, offers a fully-integrated process from sales order entry through customer invoicing, and inventory requirements planning through accounts payable. Our system provides information through daily automatic posting to the general ledger and integrated inventory control. We have made numerous enhancements that allow greater flexibility in addressing the seasonal requirements of the industry and meeting specific customer needs.

 

Most of the remaining specialty divisions use a mail-order and catalog system provided by Ecometry Corporation. This system meets the needs of our direct marketing companies with extensive list management and tracking of multiple marketing offers. The system provides complete and integrated order processing, inventory control, warehouse management and financial applications.

 

During fiscal 2003, we began the implementation of new business systems utilizing Yantra Corporation’s order management and warehouse management software. Three distribution centers were automated during the year and businesses shipping from these centers manage orders using Yantra multi-enterprise order management software. This model will be extended to include additional operations and additional processes and functions during fiscal 2004. By utilizing common systems across our businesses, we expect to achieve an improved order process, reduced order cycle time, enhanced integration between businesses and more effective inventory management. We believe technologies of the new systems will readily support continued growth and integration of new businesses.

 

Competition

 

We believe competition in the market in which we operate is fragmented with approximately 3,400 regional suppliers to preK-12 schools. These companies are generally smaller in terms of revenues and serve customers in limited geographic regions. We also compete with alternate channel competitors such as office product contract stationers and office supply superstores. Their primary advantages over us are size, location, greater financial resources and buying power. Their primary disadvantage is that their product mix typically covers less than 20 percent of the school’s needs (measured by volume). For the most part, our competitors do not offer special order fulfillment software, which we believe is increasingly important to adequately service school needs. We believe we compete favorably with these companies on the basis of service and product offering.

 

Employees

 

As of June 1, 2003, we had approximately 2,500 full-time employees. To meet the seasonal demands of our customers, we employ many seasonal employees during the late spring and summer months. Historically, we have been able to meet our requirements for seasonal employment. None of our employees are represented by a labor union. We consider our relations with our employees to be very good.

 

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Forward-Looking Statements

 

Statements in this Annual Report which are not historical are “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The forward-looking statements include: (1) statements made under Item 1, Business and Item 7, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, including, without limitation, statements with respect to internal growth plans, projected revenues, margin improvement, future acquisitions, capital expenditures and adequacy of capital resources; (2) statements included or incorporated by reference in our future filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission; and (3) information contained in written material, releases and oral statements issued by, or on behalf of, School Specialty including, without limitation, statements with respect to projected revenues, costs, earnings and earnings per share. Forward-looking statements also include statements regarding the intent, belief or current expectation of School Specialty or its officers. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by or that include forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “continues” or similar expressions.

 

All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are based on information available to us as of the date hereof. We do not undertake to update any forward-looking statements that may be made by or on behalf of us, in this Annual Report or otherwise. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements identified above. Factors which may cause such a difference to occur include, but are not limited to, the factors listed in Exhibit 99.4 to our Form 10-K for fiscal 2003.

 

Item 2. Properties

 

Our corporate headquarters is located in a leased facility. The lease on this facility expires in April 2021. The facility is located at W6316 Design Drive, Greenville, Wisconsin, a combined office and warehouse facility of approximately 332,000 square feet, which also services both our Traditional and Specialty segments. In addition, we lease or own the following principal facilities:

 

Locations


  

Approximate

Square

Footage


  

Owned/

Leased


   Lease Expiration

Agawam, Massachusetts (1)

   188,000    Leased   

November 30, 2020

Atlanta, Georgia (2)

   20,000    Leased   

January 31, 2006

Bellingham, Washington (2)

   48,000    Leased   

March 31, 2011

Duluth, Georgia (3)

   238,000    Leased   

November 30, 2004

Fremont, Nebraska (2)

   95,000    Leased   

June 30, 2008

Fresno, California (3)

   163,200    Leased   

November 1, 2009

Lancaster, Pennsylvania (2)

   73,000    Leased   

December 31, 2007

Lancaster, Pennsylvania (2)

   126,000    Leased   

October 31, 2005

Lancaster, Pennsylvania (2)

   204,000    Leased   

October 31, 2005

Langley, British Columbia (2)

   8,700    Leased   

August 31, 2003

Lyons, New York (1)

   179,000    Owned   

Mansfield, Ohio (3)

   315,000    Leased   

November 30, 2020

New Berlin, Wisconsin (2)

   16,200    Leased   

September 30, 2007

Salina, Kansas (1)

   123,000    Owned   

Southaven, Mississippi (3)

   200,000    Leased   

December 31, 2010

Tempe, Arizona (2)

   57,000    Leased   

February 28, 2005


 

11


(1)   Location primarily services the Traditional segment.
(2)   Location primarily services the Specialty segment.
(3)   Location primarily services both business segments.

 

The 73,000 square foot Lancaster, Pennsylvania facility is used for manufacturing and the Fremont, Nebraska, Langley, British Columbia and Bellingham, Washington facilities are used for production of agendas and school forms. The other facilities are distribution centers and/or office space. We believe that our properties, as enhanced for our ongoing expansion, are adequate to support our operations for the foreseeable future. We regularly review the utilization and consolidation of our facilities.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We are, from time to time, a party to legal proceedings arising in the normal course of business. We believe that none of these legal proceedings will materially or adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

There were no matters submitted during the quarter ended April 26, 2003 to a vote of our security holders.

 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

As of June 1, 2003, the following persons served as executive officers of School Specialty:

 

Name and Age
of Officer


    

David J. Vander Zanden

Age 48

   Mr. Vander Zanden became President and Chief Executive Officer of School Specialty in September 2002, after serving as Interim Chief Executive Officer since March 2002. Mr. Vander Zanden served as President and Chief Operating Officer from March 1998 to March 2002. From 1992 to March 1998, he served as President of Ariens Company, a manufacturer of outdoor lawn and garden equipment. Mr. Vander Zanden has served as a director of School Specialty since June 1998.

Mary M. Kabacinski

Age 54

   Ms. Kabacinski, a Certified Public Accountant, has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of School Specialty since August 1999. From 1989 to 1999, she served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer for Marquette Medical Systems, a manufacturer of medical devices.

A. Brent Pulsipher

Age 61

   Mr. Pulsipher became Executive Vice President of Corporate Logistics and Technology of School Specialty in March 2001. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Pulsipher was Chief Information Officer for Tropical Sportswear International, an apparel producer and brand manager. Mr. Pulsipher held the position of Manager of Consulting Services for Distribution Resources Company, a software developer, from 1988 to 1998.

 

12


Stephen R. Christiansen

Age 41

   Mr. Christiansen joined School Specialty in November 2002 as Executive Vice President, Specialty Companies, following a thirteen-year tenure with Kimberly-Clark Corporation, a world-wide manufacturer of personal care and health care products, where he held progressive marketing and general management positions in the United States and Latin America.

 

The term of office of each executive officer is from one annual meeting of the Board of Directors until the next annual meeting of the Board of Directors or until a successor for each is selected. There are no arrangements or understandings between any of our executive officers and any other person (not an officer or director of School Specialty acting as such) pursuant to which any of our executive officers were selected as an officer of School Specialty.

 

13


PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is traded under the symbol “SCHS” on The Nasdaq National Market. The table below sets forth the reported high and low closing sale prices for shares of the common stock, as reported by The National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. during the indicated quarters.

 

Fiscal 2003 quarter ended


   High

   Low

July 27, 2002

   $ 28.84    $ 21.19

October 26, 2002

     26.51      20.58

January 25, 2003

     25.80      19.06

April 26, 2003

     20.21      17.25

Fiscal 2002 quarter ended


   High

   Low

July 28, 2001

   $ 28.66    $ 21.95

October 27, 2001

     31.99      26.00

January 26, 2002

     31.30      21.65

April 27, 2002

     29.65      23.19

 

Holders

 

As of July 7, 2003, there were 2,122 record holders of our common stock.

 

Historical Dividends

 

We have not declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock to date. We currently intend to retain our future earnings to finance the growth, development and expansion of our business. Accordingly, we do not expect to pay cash dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. In addition, our ability to pay dividends may be restricted or prohibited from time to time by financial covenants in our credit agreements and debt instruments. Our current credit facility contains restrictions on, and in some circumstances, may prevent, our payment of dividends.

 

14


Item 6. Selected Financial Data

 

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

(in thousands, except per share data)(1)

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

   1999

 
                    (53 weeks)       

Statement of Operations Data:

                                    

Revenues

   $ 870,030    $ 767,387    $ 692,674    $ 639,271    $ 521,704  

Cost of revenues

     512,167      473,407      440,946      406,043      341,783  
    

  

  

  

  


Gross profit

     357,863      293,980      251,728      233,228      179,921  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     271,916      236,436      208,153      184,586      144,659  

Restructuring and strategic restructuring costs

     —        —        4,500      —        5,274  
    

  

  

  

  


Operating income

     85,947      57,544      39,075      48,642      29,988  

Interest expense (net)

     18,001      17,279      16,855      13,151      12,601  

Other expense (income)

     1,909      3,965      1,214      1,856      (228 )
    

  

  

  

  


Income before provision for income taxes

     66,037      36,300      21,006      33,635      17,615  

Provision for income taxes

     26,447      14,521      9,075      15,120      8,719  
    

  

  

  

  


Net income (2)

   $ 39,590    $ 21,779    $ 11,931    $ 18,515    $ 8,896  
    

  

  

  

  


Net income per share:

                                    

Basic

   $ 2.16    $ 1.22    $ 0.68    $ 1.06    $ 0.61  

Diluted

   $ 1.94    $ 1.17    $ 0.67    $ 1.06    $ 0.60  

Weighted average shares outstanding:

                                    

Basic

     18,324      17,917      17,495      17,429      14,690  

Diluted

     23,378      18,633      17,782      17,480      14,840  

Selected Operating Data:

                                    

EBITDA (3)

   $ 101,468    $ 68,742    $ 54,037    $ 60,481    $ 39,592  

Free cash flow (3)

   $ 54,721    $ 63,503    $ 20,817    $ 13,625    $ 22,751  
     April 26,
2003


   April 27,
2002


   April 28,
2001


   April 29,
2000


   April 24,
1999


 

Balance Sheet Data:

                                    

Working capital

   $ 98,609    $ 78,587    $ 85,962    $ 116,857    $ 115,853  

Total assets

     736,335      673,642      523,359      454,849      437,708  

Long-term debt

     292,844      285,592      176,183      144,789      161,691  

Total debt

     293,356      290,063      198,038      162,180      173,285  

Shareholders’ equity

     321,453      271,170      239,252      224,993      202,687  

 

15


(1)   Our business has grown significantly since 1999 through acquisitions and internal growth. For detailed information on acquisitions during fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001, see the “Business Combinations” note in our notes to consolidated financial statements. During fiscal 2000, we made two acquisitions under the purchase method for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $2.5 million and during fiscal 1999 we made five acquisitions under the purchase method for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $127.8 million.
(2)   At the beginning of fiscal 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which resulted in goodwill no longer being subject to amortization. Goodwill amortization, net of tax, included in net income during fiscal years 2001, 2000, and 1999 was $5.0 million, $4.5 million, and $3.9 million, respectively.
(3)   The following tables disclose certain financial measures, such as EBITDA (earnings before interest and other, taxes, depreciation and amortization) and free cash flow, which may be considered non-GAAP financial measures. Generally, a non-GAAP financial measure is a numerical measure of a company’s performance, financial position or cash flows that either excludes or includes amounts that are not normally excluded or included in the most directly comparable measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. In order to fully assess our financial results, we believe that EBITDA and free cash flow are appropriate measures of evaluating operating performance and liquidity, respectively. Furthermore, we believe that EBITDA provides useful information because this information is used in calculating certain financial covenants under our credit facility. However, these measures should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, operating income, cash flows or other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. The non-GAAP measures included below have been reconciled to the nearest GAAP measure, as included in our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report. As used herein, “GAAP” refers to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

 

     Fiscal Year

 
     2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

    1999

 
                       (53 weeks)        

Earnings before interest and other, taxes, depreciation and amortization (EBITDA):

                                        

Operating income

   $ 85,947     $ 57,544     $ 39,075     $ 48,642     $ 29,988  

Add: Depreciation and amortization expense

     15,521       11,198       14,962       11,839       9,604  
    


 


 


 


 


EBITDA

   $ 101,468     $ 68,742     $ 54,037     $ 60,481     $ 39,592  
    


 


 


 


 


Free cash flow reconciliation:

                                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 62,026     $ 75,613     $ 86,017     $ 30,976     $ 27,623  

Additions to property and equipment

     (11,305 )     (12,110 )     (15,200 )     (17,351 )     (4,872 )

Net accounts receivable securitization facility activity

     4,000       —         (50,000 )     —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


Free cash flow

   $ 54,721     $ 63,503     $ 20,817     $ 13,625     $ 22,751  
    


 


 


 


 


 

16


Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (“MD&A”)

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes, included elsewhere in this Annual Report.

 

Overview

 

We are the largest direct marketing company for supplemental educational supplies to schools and teachers for preK-12 in the United States. We offer more than 80,000 items through an innovative two-pronged marketing approach that targets both school administrators and individual teachers. Our broad product range enables us to provide our customers with one source for virtually all of their non-textbook school supplies and furniture needs.

 

We have grown significantly in recent years through acquisitions and internal growth. For information on our recent acquisitions see the “Business Combinations” note in the notes to our consolidated financial statements. Our revenues for fiscal 2003 were $870.0 million and our operating income was $85.9 million, which represented compound annual revenue growth of 13.6% and compounded annual operating income growth of 30.1%, compared to our fiscal 1999 results.

 

Our gross margin has improved in recent years primarily due to acquisitions, product mix and increased buying power. We have acquired many specialty businesses, which tend to have higher gross margins than our traditional business. The specialty businesses have also experienced higher revenue growth than the traditional business, resulting in an improved product mix. In addition, our acquisitions of both specialty and traditional businesses have increased our buying power, resulting in reduced costs of the products we purchase.

 

Our operating profit and margins also improved significantly over the last several years. This improvement reflects our acquisitions of specialty businesses, which typically have higher operating margins than our traditional business. In addition, through the integration of acquired businesses, we have been able to further improve our operating profit and margins by eliminating redundant expenses, leveraging overhead costs and improving purchasing power.

 

As a result of integrating acquired operations, we have recorded restructuring charges in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 1999. These charges have primarily been to close existing facilities and to consolidate operations that, when combined with acquired operations, became redundant. To the extent our integrations have resulted in certain exit costs such as the closure of acquired facilities, the costs were accrued in purchase accounting.

 

Our business and working capital needs are highly seasonal with peak sales levels occurring from June through October. During this period, we receive, ship and bill the majority of our orders so that schools and teachers receive their merchandise by the start of each school year. Our inventory levels increase in April through June in anticipation of the peak shipping season. The majority of shipments are made between June and October and the majority of cash receipts are collected from September through December. As a result, we usually earn more than 100% of our annual net income in the first two quarters of our fiscal year and operate at a net loss in our third and fourth fiscal quarters.

 

Results of Operations

 

The following table sets forth certain information as a percentage of revenues on a historical basis concerning our results of operations for the fiscal years 2003, 2002, and 2001.

 

17


     Fiscal Year

 
     2003

    2002

    2001

 

Revenues

   100.0 %   100.0 %   100.0 %

Cost of revenues

   58.9     61.7     63.7  
    

 

 

Gross profit

   41.1     38.3     36.3  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

   31.2     30.8     30.1  

Restructuring costs

   —       —       0.6  
    

 

 

Operating income

   9.9     7.5     5.6  

Interest expense, net

   2.1     2.3     2.4  

Other expense

   0.2     0.5     0.2  
    

 

 

Income before provision for income taxes

   7.6     4.7     3.0  

Provision for income taxes

   3.0     1.9     1.3  
    

 

 

Net income

   4.6 %   2.8 %   1.7 %
    

 

 

 

Consolidated Historical Results of Operations

 

Fiscal 2003 Compared to Fiscal 2002

 

Revenues

 

Revenues increased 13.4% from $767.4 million in fiscal 2002 to $870.0 million in fiscal 2003. Traditional segment revenues decreased 1.8% from $480.9 million in fiscal 2002 to $472.5 million in fiscal 2003. Decrease in Traditional segment revenues was primarily due to a generally weakened economic environment which has placed pressure on some state and local budgets, partially offset by revenues from acquired businesses. Specialty segment revenues increased 38.8% from $286.5 million in fiscal 2002 to $397.6 million in fiscal 2003. Increase in Specialty segment revenues was primarily due to acquisitions and modest growth in existing businesses.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased 21.7% from $294.0 million in fiscal 2002 to $357.9 million in fiscal 2003. Increase in gross profit was due to an increase in revenues and gross margins, and a shift in revenues to the higher margin Specialty segment. In fiscal 2003, Specialty segment revenues accounted for 45.7% of total revenues, up from 37.3% in fiscal 2002. Gross margin grew 280 basis points from 38.3% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to 41.1% of revenues in fiscal 2003. Increase in gross margin was primarily due to improvement in the Specialty segment gross margin from 45.6% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to 49.4% of revenues in fiscal 2003. Increase in gross margin in the Specialty segment was primarily driven by mix, with higher gross margins from acquired businesses, and successful pricing initiatives in core businesses. Traditional segment gross margin expanded 30 basis points from 33.9% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to 34.2% of revenues in fiscal 2003, driven primarily by improved consumable pricing and reduced product cost.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) include selling expenses, the most significant component of which is sales wages and commissions, operations expenses, which includes customer service, warehouse and warehouse shipments transportation costs, catalog costs, general administrative overhead, which includes information systems, accounting, legal, and human resources and depreciation and intangible asset amortization expense.

 

18


SG&A increased 15.0% from $236.4 million or 30.8% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to $271.9 million or 31.2% of revenues in fiscal 2003. Increase in SG&A and SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to acquisitions, an increase in revenues, and a shift in revenue mix to increased Specialty segment revenues, which generally have higher operating costs than the Traditional segment primarily due to increased marketing costs. These increases were partially offset by efficiencies obtained from integration efforts and successful expense reduction efforts.

 

Traditional segment SG&A increased $4.3 million from $109.1 million or 22.7% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to $113.4 million or 24.0% of revenues in fiscal 2003. Increase in Traditional segment SG&A was primarily due to costs associated with closing our Lufkin, Texas facility, which supported the Traditional segment, of approximately $1.2 million and costs related to operating businesses acquired during the off season. Specialty segment SG&A increased $30.2 million from $108.2 million in fiscal 2002 to $138.4 million. Increase in Specialty segment SG&A was primarily due to an increase in revenues and costs related to operating acquired businesses which were purchased during the off season. Specialty segment SG&A as a percent of revenues decreased 300 basis points from 37.8% of revenues in fiscal 2002 to 34.8% of revenues in fiscal 2003. Decrease in SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to the inclusion of Premier Agendas for a full fiscal year, which was acquired during the off season in fiscal 2002 and contributed minimal revenue and a non-recurring charge that occurred in fiscal 2002 related to closing the Birmingham, Alabama distribution center.

 

Interest Expense

 

Net interest expense increased 4.2% from $17.3 million in fiscal 2002 to $18.0 million in fiscal 2003. Increase in net interest expense was due to an increase in average debt outstanding, partially offset by a reduction in our effective borrowing rate on our credit facility.

 

Other Expenses

 

Other expense decreased $2.1 million from $4.0 million in fiscal 2002 to $1.9 million in fiscal 2003. Other expenses for fiscal 2003 primarily represented the discount and loss on securitized accounts receivable of $1.8 million. Discount and loss on securitized accounts receivable for fiscal 2002 was $2.0 million. The decrease in the discount and loss was primarily due to a reduction in the discount rate partially offset by an increase in the average securitized accounts receivable. Other expenses for fiscal 2002 included a $1.7 million write-off of a long-term investment, and $0.3 million realized gain on the sale of available-for-sale securities.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

 

The provision for income taxes increased to $26.4 million in fiscal 2003 from $14.5 million in fiscal 2002, reflecting effective income tax rates of 40.0% for each period. The higher effective tax rate, compared to the federal statutory rate of 35%, was primarily due to state, local and foreign income taxes.

 

Fiscal 2002 Compared to Fiscal 2001

 

Revenues

 

Revenues increased 10.8% from $692.7 million for fiscal 2001 to $767.4 million for fiscal 2002. Traditional segment revenues increased 15.9% from $415.0 million in fiscal 2001 to $480.9 million in fiscal 2002, primarily due to acquisitions. Specialty segment revenues increased 3.2% from $277.7 million in fiscal 2001 to $286.5 million in fiscal 2002. Increase in Specialty segment revenues was due to

 

19


internal growth and acquisitions, partially offset by the exclusion of revenues from three businesses disposed of since January 2001.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased 16.8% from $251.7 million, or 36.3% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to $294.0 million, or 38.3% of revenues in fiscal 2002. Increase in gross profit was due to an increase in revenues and gross margin. Increase in gross margin was primarily due to strong improvement in the Traditional segment from 30.8% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to 33.9% of revenues in fiscal 2002. This increase in gross margin in the Traditional segment was primarily due to improvement in the consumable business, driven by improved purchasing power and modest selling price increases. Specialty segment gross margin improved to 45.6% of revenues in fiscal 2002 from 44.6% of revenues in fiscal 2001. This improvement was primarily driven by the ClassroomDirect business, which improved gross margin primarily through an increase in selling price and the Childcraft business, which improved gross margin primarily through improved operating efficiencies and purchasing power. On a consolidated basis, gross margin was impacted by an increase in Traditional segment revenue mix (driven by the November 2000 acquisition of J.L. Hammett’s K-12 wholesale business) from 59.9% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to 62.7% of revenues in fiscal 2002. The Traditional segment historically has lower gross margins than the Specialty segment.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

SG&A increased 13.6% from $208.2 million or 30.1% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to $236.4 million or 30.8% of revenues in fiscal 2002. Traditional segment SG&A increased $10.6 million from $98.6 million or 23.8% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to $109.1 million or 22.7% of revenues in fiscal 2002. Increase in Traditional segment SG&A was primarily due to an increase in variable costs related to increased revenues and an increase in fixed operating costs, primarily due to redundancies created with the Hammett acquisition. Specialty segment SG&A increased $13.0 million from $95.2 million or 34.3% of revenues in fiscal 2001 to $108.2 million or 37.8% of revenues in fiscal 2002. Increase in Specialty segment SG&A was primarily due to the acquisition of Premier Agendas, and costs to consolidate existing operations into acquired businesses. These Traditional and Specialty segment increases were partially offset by our early adoption at the beginning of fiscal 2002 of SFAS No. 142 which resulted in the discontinuance of amortization of goodwill. Corporate expenses increased $4.7 million from $14.4 million in fiscal 2001 to $19.1 million in fiscal 2002. Increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and wages, salary continuation obligations related to the death of our chief executive officer and depreciation.

 

Decrease in Traditional segment SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to the adoption of SFAS No. 142 at the beginning of fiscal 2002. The increase in Specialty segment SG&A as a percent of revenues was primarily due to 1) operating costs of Premier Agendas, a highly seasonal business acquired during a seasonally low period, 2) costs associated with closing our distribution center in Birmingham, Alabama, 3) costs associated with integrating our Hammond & Stephens sales force with the Premier Agendas sales force and 4) increased catalog costs, primarily due to the inclusion of a full fiscal year of catalog expense for Teacher’s Video, which has higher catalog costs as a percentage of revenues than our other specialty businesses. These increases were partially offset by a reduction in amortization expense, due to our adoption of SFAS No. 142 at the beginning of fiscal 2002.

 

20


Interest Expense

 

Net interest expense increased 2.5% from $16.9 million in fiscal 2001 to $17.3 million in fiscal 2002. Increase in interest expense was primarily due to an increase in average debt outstanding, partially offset by a reduction in our effective borrowing rate on our credit facility.

 

Other Expenses

 

Other expense increased $2.8 million from $1.2 million in fiscal 2001 to $4.0 million in fiscal 2002. Other expenses in fiscal 2002 primarily consisted of the discount and loss on the accounts receivable securitization of $2.0 million, a $1.7 million write-off of a long-term investment and a $0.3 million realized loss on the sale of available-for-sale securities. Other expense in fiscal 2001 primarily consisted of the discount and loss on an accounts receivable securitization of $1.4 million.

 

Provision for Income Taxes

 

The provision for income taxes for fiscal 2002 increased $5.4 million over fiscal 2001, reflecting effective tax rates of 40.0% and 43.2% for fiscal years 2002 and 2001, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate to 40.0% in fiscal 2002 as compared to 43.2% in fiscal 2001 was due primarily to the impact of our adoption of SFAS No. 142, and its impact on non-deductible goodwill amortization. The higher effective tax rate, compared to the federal statutory rate of 35%, was primarily due to state, local and foreign income taxes.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

At April 26, 2003, we had working capital of $98.6 million. Our capitalization at April 26, 2003 was $614.9 million, consisting of total debt of $293.4 million and shareholders’ equity of $321.5 million.

 

On April 11, 2003 we amended and extended our revolving credit facility with Bank of America, N.A., acting as agent. The new credit agreement matures on April 11, 2006 and provides for $250 million of availability. The amount outstanding as of April 26, 2003 under the credit facility was $125.7 million. The credit facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and contains certain financial and other covenants. During fiscal 2003, we borrowed under our credit facility primarily for seasonal working capital, acquisitions, and capital expenditures. Our borrowings are usually significantly higher during the first two quarters of our fiscal year to meet the working capital needs of our peak selling season. As of April 26, 2003, our effective interest rate on borrowings under our credit facility was approximately 4.23%, which includes amortization of loan origination fee costs and the commitment fees on unborrowed funds.

 

On July 30, 2001, we sold an aggregate principal amount of $130 million of six percent convertible subordinated notes due August 1, 2008. The notes are convertible at any time prior to maturity into shares of our common stock at a conversion price of $32.29 per share and accrue interest payable semi-annually. Net proceeds from the sale of these notes were approximately $125.7 million. On August 2, 2001, the initial purchasers of the notes exercised their option to purchase additional notes in full and purchased an additional $19.5 million of these notes. We used the total net proceeds from the offering of $144.6 million to repay a portion of the debt outstanding under the credit facility.

 

We currently have a $100 million accounts receivable securitization facility which expires in November 2003. The facility was amended during November 2002 to extend the expiration date to November 2003 and may be extended further with the financial institution’s consent. At April 26, 2003, $46 million was advanced under the accounts receivable securitization and accordingly, that amount of

 

21


accounts receivable has been removed from our consolidated balance sheet. Costs associated with the sale of receivables, primarily related to the discount and loss on sale, for fiscal 2003 were $1.8 million and are included in other expenses in our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

 

In November 2000, we entered into two sale-leaseback transactions which are accounted for as financings. Under the agreements, we recorded $18.5 million of debt, which has an effective interest rate of 8.97%, excluding amortization of related fees. The leases expire in November 2020. The amount outstanding as of April 26, 2003 under the agreements was $17.7 million.

 

Net cash provided by operating activities was $62.0 million in fiscal 2003 compared to $75.6 million in fiscal 2002. The decrease in cash from operating activities was primarily due to significant liquidation of acquired working capital in fiscal 2002 and a $4 million reduction in amounts advanced under the accounts receivable securitization in fiscal 2003, partially offset by an increase in net income in fiscal 2003.

 

Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2003 was $66.5 million. Of this amount, $55.8 million was used for acquisitions and $11.3 million was used for capital expenditures, primarily consisting of computer hardware and software related to the implementation of our new business systems and distribution and manufacturing equipment. Net cash used in investing activities during fiscal 2002 was $160.8 million, including $162.2 million for acquisitions (primarily Premier Agendas) and $12.1 million for capital expenditures. These uses were partially offset by net proceeds of $9.6 million from the sale of available-for-sale securities.

 

Net cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2003 was $0.7 million. Net repayments on bank borrowings and capital leases of $4.1 million and payment of related debt fees of $1.6 million, primarily relating to new credit facility, were offset by $6.4 million of proceeds from stock option exercises. Net cash provided by financing activities during fiscal 2002 was $85.7 million. Net proceeds from our convertible debt offering of approximately $144.6 million were used to repay a portion of the debt outstanding on our credit facility.

 

We anticipate that our cash flow from operations, borrowings available from our existing credit facility and other sources of capital will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for operations, including anticipated capital expenditures and our contractual obligations.

 

We expect our fiscal 2004 capital expenditures to be approximately $8-$10 million and to consist primarily of computer hardware and software costs related to continued implementation of our new business systems.

 

Summary of Contractual Obligations

 

The following table summarizes our contractual debt and operating lease obligations as of April 26, 2003:

 

    

Payments Due

(in thousands)


     Total

  

Less than

1 year


  

1 – 3

years


  

3 – 5

years


  

More than

5 years


Debt obligations

   $ 293,356    $ 512    $ 126,682    $ 1,065    $ 165,097

Operating lease obligations

     44,189      7,976      11,739      7,271      17,203
    

  

  

  

  

Total contractual obligations

   $ 337,545    $ 8,488    $ 138,421    $ 8,336    $ 182,300
    

  

  

  

  

 

22


Fluctuations in Quarterly Results of Operations

 

Our business is subject to seasonal influences. Our historical revenues and profitability have been dramatically higher in the first two quarters of our fiscal year, primarily due to increased shipments to customers coinciding with the start of each school year. Quarterly results also may be materially affected by the timing of acquisitions, the timing and magnitude of costs related to such acquisitions, variations in our costs for the products sold, the mix of products sold and general economic conditions. Moreover, the operating margins of companies we acquire may differ substantially from our own, which could contribute to further fluctuation in quarterly operating results. Therefore, results for any quarter are not indicative of the results that we may achieve for any subsequent fiscal quarter or for a full fiscal year.

 

The following table sets forth certain unaudited consolidated quarterly financial data for fiscal years 2003 and 2002. We derived this quarterly data from our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

     Fiscal 2003

     First

   Second

   Third

    Fourth

    Total

Revenues

   $ 298,027    $ 317,399    $ 110,554     $ 144,050     $ 870,030

Gross profit

     124,491      129,909      42,715       60,748       357,863

Operating income (loss)

     44,938      53,707      (9,517 )     (3,181 )     85,947

Net income (loss)

     23,956      29,030      (8,541 )     (4,855 )     39,590

Per share amounts:

                                    

Basic

   $ 1.32    $ 1.59    $ (0.46 )   $ (0.26 )   $ 2.16

Diluted

   $ 1.08    $ 1.30    $ (0.46 )   $ (0.26 )   $ 1.94

 

     Fiscal 2002

     First

   Second

   Third

    Fourth

    Total

Revenues

   $ 260,162    $ 269,656    $ 104,005     $ 133,564     $ 767,387

Gross profit

     100,294      99,834      39,746       54,106       293,980

Operating income (loss)

     32,470      36,608      (8,203 )     (3,331 )     57,544

Net income (loss)

     16,446      19,162      (8,625 )     (5,204 )     21,779

Per share amounts:

                                    

Basic

   $ 0.93    $ 1.07    $ (0.48 )   $ (0.29 )   $ 1.22

Diluted

   $ 0.89    $ 0.88    $ (0.48 )   $ (0.29 )   $ 1.17

 

Inflation

 

Inflation has had and is expected to have only a minor effect on our results of operations and our internal and external sources of liquidity.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

We believe the policies identified below are critical to our business and the understanding of our results of operations. The impact and any associated risks related to these policies on our business are discussed throughout MD&A where applicable. Refer to the notes to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 for detailed discussion on the application of these and other accounting policies. The preparation of the consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and

 

23


assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis and base them on a combination of historical experience and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Our critical accounting policies that require significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements are as follows:

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue is recognized upon the shipment of products or upon the completion of services provided to customers, which corresponds to the time when risk of ownership transfers.

 

Catalog Costs and Related Amortization

 

We accumulate all direct costs incurred, net of vendor cooperative advertising payments, in the development, production and circulation of our catalogs on our balance sheet until such time as the related catalog is mailed. They are subsequently amortized into SG&A over the expected sales realization cycle, which is one year or less. Our initial estimation of the expected sales realization cycle for a particular catalog is based on, among other possible considerations, our historical sales experience with identical or similar catalogs and our assessment of prevailing economic conditions and various competitive factors. We track our subsequent sales realization, reassess the marketplace, and compare our findings to our previous estimate and adjust our prospective amortization, if necessary.

 

Vendor Rebates

 

We receive rebates from our vendors which are generally a percentage of volume purchased. Amounts expected to be received from vendors relating to the purchase of inventories are recognized as a reduction of cost of goods sold over the estimated inventory sale cycle.

 

Goodwill and Intangible Assets

 

At April 26, 2003, goodwill and intangible assets represented approximately 64% of our total assets. The recoverability of these assets requires considerable judgment and is evaluated on an annual basis or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate that the assets may be impaired. As it relates to goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets, we apply the impairment rules in accordance with SFAS No. 142. As required by SFAS No. 142, the recoverability of these assets is subject to a fair value assessment which includes several significant judgments regarding financial projections and comparable market values. As it relates to definite life intangible assets, we apply the impairment rules as required by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” which also requires significant judgment and assumptions related to the expected future cash flows attributable to the intangible asset. The impact of modifying any of these assumptions can have a significant impact on the estimate of fair value and, thus, the recoverability of the asset.

 

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

 

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and debt. Market risks relating to our operations result primarily from changes in interest rates. Our borrowings under our credit facility and our discount expense related to our accounts receivable securitization are primarily dependent upon LIBOR rates. Assuming no change in our financial structure, if variable interest rates were to average 100 basis points higher during fiscal 2003, pre-tax earnings would decrease by approximately $1.9 million. This amount was determined by considering a hypothetical 100

 

24


basis point increase in interest rates on average variable-rate debt outstanding and the average advanced under the receivable securitization during fiscal 2003. The estimated fair value of long-term debt approximated its carrying value at April 26, 2003, with the exception of our convertible debt which at April 26, 2003 had a carrying value of $149.5 million and a fair market value of $142.2 million.

 

To manage interest rate risk on the variable rate borrowings under our credit facility, we have historically entered into interest rate swap agreements. These interest rate swap agreements had the effect of locking in, for a specified period, the base interest rate we paid on a notional principal amount established in the swaps. As a result, while these hedging arrangements were structured to reduce our exposure to interest rate increases, it also limits the benefit we might otherwise have received from any interest rate decreases. The swaps were typically cash settled monthly, with interest expense adjusted for amounts paid or received. The swap agreements had the effect of increasing interest expense by approximately $0.9 million in fiscal 2002 and decreasing interest expense by approximately $0.5 million in fiscal 2001. No swap agreements were in place during fiscal 2003. We do not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes.

 

25


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

 

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of  

    School Specialty, Inc.:

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of School Specialty, Inc., and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of April 26, 2003 and April 27, 2002, and the related consolidated statements of operations, shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 26, 2003. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of School Specialty, Inc. and subsidiaries as of April 26, 2003 and April 27, 2002, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended April 26, 2003, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

 

As described in Note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, on April 29, 2001, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.”

 

DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP

 

Milwaukee, Wisconsin

May 30, 2003

 

26


FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

 

    

April 26,

2003


  

April 27,

2002


ASSETS              

Current assets:

             

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 2,389    $ 6,123

Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,796 and $2,719, respectively

     48,533      34,356

Inventories

     109,419      98,148

Deferred catalog costs

     17,445      13,590

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     8,891      12,770

Assets held for sale

     1,100      —  

Deferred taxes

     4,324      7,341
    

  

Total current assets

     192,101      172,328

Property, plant and equipment, net

     63,969      67,083

Goodwill

     430,672      390,946

Intangible assets, net

     43,640      35,457

Other

     5,953      7,828
    

  

Total assets

   $ 736,335    $ 673,642
    

  

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY              

Current liabilities:

             

Current maturities—long-term debt

   $ 512    $ 4,471

Accounts payable

     57,355      47,097

Accrued compensation

     15,117      16,712

Deferred revenue

     6,735      10,681

Accrued restructuring

     457      863

Other accrued liabilities

     13,316      13,917
    

  

Total current liabilities

     93,492      93,741
               

Long-term debt

     292,844      285,592

Deferred taxes

     28,546      23,139
    

  

Total liabilities

     414,882      402,472
               

Shareholders’ equity:

             

Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share, 1,000,000 shares authorized; none outstanding

     —        —  

Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share, 150,000,000 shares authorized and 18,435,066 and 18,046,315 shares issued and outstanding, respectively

     18      18

Capital paid-in excess of par value

     215,992      208,053

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     3,149      395

Retained earnings

     102,294      62,704
    

  

Total shareholders’ equity

     321,453      271,170
    

  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 736,335    $ 673,642
    

  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

27


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 26,
2003


    April 27,
2002


    April 28,
2001


 

Revenues

   $ 870,030     $ 767,387     $ 692,674  

Cost of revenues

     512,167       473,407       440,946  
    


 


 


Gross profit

     357,863       293,980       251,728  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     271,916       236,436       208,153  

Restructuring costs

     —         —         4,500  
    


 


 


Operating income

     85,947       57,544       39,075  

Other (income) expense:

                        

Interest expense

     18,043       17,321       16,983  

Interest income

     (42 )     (42 )     (128 )

Other

     1,909       3,965       1,214  
    


 


 


Income before provision for income taxes

     66,037       36,300       21,006  

Provision for income taxes

     26,447       14,521       9,075  
    


 


 


Net income

   $ 39,590     $ 21,779     $ 11,931  
    


 


 


Weighted average shares outstanding:

                        

Basic

     18,324       17,917       17,495  

Diluted

     23,378       18,633       17,782  

Net income per share:

                        

Basic

   $ 2.16     $ 1.22     $ 0.68  

Diluted

   $ 1.94     $ 1.17     $ 0.67  

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

28


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In Thousands)

 

     Common
Stock


   
  

Capital Paid-

in Excess of
Par Value


    Accumulated Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)


    Retained
Earnings


   Total Shareholders’
Equity


    Total
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)


 
     Shares

    Dollars

           

Balance at April 29, 2000

   17,465     $   17    $ 196,012     $ (30 )   $ 28,994    $ 224,993          

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   133       1      2,113       —         —        2,114          

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —         —        262       —         —        262          

Retirement of common stock

   (11 )     —        (268 )     —         —        (268 )        

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —         —        —         30       —        30     $ 30  

Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax

   —         —        —         190       —        190       190  

Net income

   —         —        —         —         11,931      11,931       11,931  
    

 

  


 


 

  


 


Total comprehensive income

                                               $ 12,151  
                                                


Balance at April 28, 2001

   17,587       18      198,119       190       40,925      239,252          

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   339       —        5,869       —         —        5,869          

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —         —        1,365       —         —        1,365          

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with acquisition

   120       —        2,700       —         —        2,700          

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —         —        —         395       —        395     $ 395  

Reclassification adjustment for losses on available-for-sale securities included in net income, net of tax

   —         —        —         (190 )     —        (190 )     (190 )

Net income

   —         —        —         —         21,779      21,779       21,779  
                                                      

Total comprehensive income

                                               $ 21,984  
                                                


Balance at April 27, 2002

   18,046       18      208,053       395       62,704      271,170          

Issuance of common stock in conjunction with stock option exercises

   389       —        6,445       —         —        6,445          

Tax benefit on option exercises

   —         —        1,494       —         —        1,494          

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   —         —        —         2,754       —        2,754     $ 2,754  

Net income

   —         —        —         —         39,590      39,590       39,590  
    

 

  


 


 

  


 


Total comprehensive income

                                               $ 42,344  
                                                


Balance at April 26, 2003

   18,435     $ 18    $ 215,992     $ 3,149     $ 102,294    $ 321,453          
    

 

  


 


 

  


       

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

29


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In Thousands)

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 26,
2003


    April 27,
2002


    April 28,
2001


 

Cash flows from operating activities:

                        

Net income

   $ 39,590     $ 21,779     $ 11,931  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:

                        

Depreciation and amortization expense

     15,521       11,198       14,962  

Amortization of debt fees and other

     3,027       2,410       1,078  

Deferred taxes

     8,222       8,335       3,831  

Restructuring costs, net of payments

     (356 )     (1,650 )     2,448  

Loss (gain) on disposal of property, equipment and other

     1,122       1,397       (55 )

Net (repayment) borrowings under receivable securitization facility

     (4,000 )     —         50,000  

Loss on sale of available-for-sale securities

     —         329       —    

Loss on impairment of investment

     —         1,657       —    

Changes in current assets and liabilities (net of assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method):

                        

Accounts receivable

     2,101       12,472       10,968  

Inventories

     2,260       5,195       (8,478 )

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     3,477       7,404       (5,147 )

Accounts payable

     2,845       (12,024 )     7,471  

Accrued liabilities

     (11,783 )     17,111       (2,992 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by operating activities

     62,026       75,613       86,017  
    


 


 


Cash flows from investing activities:

                        

Cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired

     (55,843 )     (162,248 )     (113,062 )

Additions to property, plant and equipment

     (11,305 )     (12,110 )     (15,200 )

Proceeds from business dispositions, net of cash disposed

     —         1,500       3,538  

Proceeds from disposal of property and equipment

     655       1,335       6,632  

Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities

     —         9,572       —    

Proceeds from note receivable

     —         1,115       108  

Investment in long-term assets

     —         —         (924 )
    


 


 


Net cash used in investing activities

     (66,493 )     (160,836 )     (118,908 )
    


 


 


Cash flows from financing activities:

                        

Proceeds from borrowings

     247,200       259,800       222,622  

Repayment of debt and capital leases

     (251,339 )     (324,112 )     (188,547 )

Proceeds from convertible debt offering

     —         149,500       —    

Payment of debt fees and other

     (1,573 )     (5,399 )     (1,493 )

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     6,445       5,869       2,114  

Repurchase of common stock

     —         —         (268 )
    


 


 


Net cash provided by financing activities

     733       85,658       34,428  
    


 


 


Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

     (3,734 )     435       1,537  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     6,123       5,688       4,151  
    


 


 


Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 2,389     $ 6,123     $ 5,688  
    


 


 


Non-cash investing activities:

                        

Common stock received for net assets sold in business disposition

   $ —       $ —       $ 9,901  

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information:

                        

Interest paid

   $ 16,382     $ 15,493     $ 15,976  

Income taxes paid

   $ 16,438     $ 2,533     $ 8,992  

 

30


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS—(Continued)

(In Thousands)

 

The Company issued common stock and/or cash in connection with certain business combinations accounted for under the purchase method in the fiscal years ended April 26, 2003, April 27, 2002, and April 28, 2001. The fair values of the assets and liabilities of the acquired companies are presented as follows:

 

     For the Fiscal Year Ended

 
     April 26
2003


    April 27,
2002


    April 28,
2001


 

Accounts receivable

   $ 12,324     $ 6,835     $ 27,725  

Inventories

     13,558       3,819       8,680  

Current deferred tax assets

     286       386       —    

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     3,011       1,135       5,163  

Property, plant and equipment

     1,088       7,202       5,922  

Goodwill

     36,550       135,342       75,504  

Intangible assets

     11,040       33,877       2,750  

Short-term debt and capital lease obligations

     (1,115 )     (2,483 )     (1,217 )

Accounts payable

     (7,413 )     (624 )     (3,036 )

Accrued liabilities

     (6,880 )     (5,940 )     (4,863 )

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations

     (10,334 )     (342 )     (566 )

Long-term deferred tax liabilities

     (488 )     (13,147 )     —    
    


 


 


Net assets acquired

   $ 51,627     $ 166,060     $ 116,062  
    


 


 


The acquisitions were funded as follows:

                        

Cash paid, net of cash acquired (1)

   $ 51,627     $ 159,248     $ 113,062  

Note and other payable to selling shareholders

     —         4,112       3,000  

Common stock

     —         2,700       —    
    


 


 


Total

   $ 51,627     $ 166,060     $ 116,062  
    


 


 



(1)   Fiscal 2003 cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as reported within cash flows from investing activities includes the payment of $4,112 for a fiscal 2002 note and other payable to selling shareholders and purchase price adjustments of $104 related to immaterial acquisitions. Fiscal 2002 cash paid in acquisitions, net of cash acquired, as reported within cash flows from investing activities, includes the payment of $3,000 for a fiscal 2001 payable to selling shareholders.

 

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

 

31


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATION

 

School Specialty, Inc. (the “Company”), is a Wisconsin corporation. The Company reincorporated from Delaware to Wisconsin effective August 29, 2000. The Company is primarily a direct marketer of supplemental educational products to schools and teachers for pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade.

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes to consolidated financial statements include the accounts of School Specialty, Inc., its subsidiaries and the companies acquired in business combinations from their respective dates of acquisition. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

 

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Definition of Fiscal Year

 

The Company’s fiscal year ends on the last Saturday in April in each year. As used in these consolidated financial statements and related notes to consolidated financial statements, “fiscal 2003,” “fiscal 2002,” and “fiscal 2001” refer to the Company’s fiscal years ended April 26, 2003, April 27, 2002, and April 28, 2001, respectively. All fiscal years reported represent 52 weeks.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

The Company considers cash investments with original maturities of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories, which consist primarily of products held for sale, are stated at the lower of cost or market, with cost generally determined on a weighted-average basis.

 

Property, Plant and Equipment

 

Property, plant and equipment are stated at cost. Additions and improvements are capitalized, whereas, maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation of property, plant and equipment is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets. The estimated useful lives range from twenty-five to forty years for buildings and its components and three to fifteen years for furniture, fixtures and equipment. Property and equipment leased under capital leases is being amortized over the lesser of its useful life or its lease term. As required by Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived

 

32


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

Assets,” the Company reviews property, plant and equipment for impairment if events or circumstances indicate an asset might be impaired.

 

Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

 

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired in business combinations accounted for under the purchase method. The Company adopted SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” at the beginning of fiscal 2002. As a result of this adoption, goodwill is no longer subject to amortization but rather must be tested for impairment annually or more frequently if events or circumstances indicate goodwill might be impaired. Prior to fiscal 2002, goodwill was amortized using the straight-line method over fifteen to forty years. Other amortizable intangible assets include customer relationships, non-compete agreements and order backlog and are being amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging from one to fifteen years. Certain other intangible assets are estimated to have indefinite lives and are not subject to amortization.

 

Investments

 

The Company held a preferred stock investment in a company which had been accounted for under the cost method. Under this method, the Company’s investment was stated at cost and was periodically evaluated for impairment. As a result of this evaluation, the Company wrote-off the investment due to the deteriorating financial condition of the company, reporting an impairment charge of $1,657 during fiscal 2002, which is included in other expense in the consolidated statements of operations.

 

The Company had an investment in the common stock of Riverdeep Group plc, which was classified and accounted for as an available-for-sale security under SFAS No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities.” Unrealized holding gains, net of tax, related to this investment were reported as other comprehensive income, a component of shareholders’ equity. During fiscal 2002, the investment was sold, resulting in a realized pre-tax loss of $329.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying amounts of the Company’s financial instruments including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities approximate fair value. The estimated fair value of long-term debt approximated its carrying value at April 26, 2003, with the exception of the Company’s convertible debt, which at April 26, 2003 had a carrying value of $149,500 and a fair market value of $142,212.

 

Income Taxes

 

Income taxes have been computed utilizing the asset and liability approach which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the tax consequences of temporary differences by applying enacted statutory tax rates applicable to future years to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the tax basis of existing assets and liabilities.

 

33


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenue is recognized upon the shipment of products or upon the completion of services provided to customers, which corresponds to the time when risk of ownership transfers.

 

Concentration of Credit Risks

 

The Company grants credit to customers in the ordinary course of business. The majority of the Company’s customers are schools. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited due to the significant number of customers and their geographic dispersion. During fiscal 2003, 2002 and 2001, no customer represented more than 10% of revenues or accounts receivable.

 

Vendor Rebates

 

Vendor rebates relating to product purchases are recognized as a reduction in cost of revenues over the estimated period the related product is sold.

 

Deferred Catalog Costs

 

Deferred catalog costs represent costs which have been paid to produce Company catalogs, net of vendor cooperative advertising payments, which will be used in and benefit future periods. Deferred catalog costs are amortized in amounts proportionate to expected revenues over the life of the catalog, which is one year or less. Amortization expense related to deferred catalog costs is included in the consolidated statement of operations as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. Such amortization expense for fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001, was $28,686, $28,658 and $22,905, respectively.

 

Shipping and Handling Costs

 

The Company accounts for shipping and handling costs as a cost of revenues for shipments made directly from vendors to customers. For shipments made from the Company’s warehouses, the Company accounts for shipping and handling costs as a selling, general and administrative expense. The amount of shipping and handling costs in selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal years 2003, 2002 and 2001 was $35,958, $29,909 and $28,561, respectively.

 

Foreign Currency Translation

 

The financial statements of foreign subsidiaries have been translated into U.S. dollars in accordance with SFAS No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation.” All balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Amounts in the statement of operations have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year. Resulting translation adjustments are included in foreign currency translation adjustment, a component of other comprehensive income.

 

Stock-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for its employee stock option plans under the recognition and measurement principles of Accounting Principles Board (“APB”) Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations. Under APB Opinion No. 25, no stock-based compensation is reflected in net income, as all options granted under the plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the

 

34


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

underlying common stock on the date of grant and the related number of shares granted is fixed at that point in time.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In June 2002, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities,” which supercedes Emerging Issues Task Force (“EITF”) No. 94-3, “Liability Recognition for Certain Employee Termination Benefits and Other Costs to Exit an Activity (including Certain Costs Incurred in a Restructuring).” SFAS No. 146 addresses the accounting and reporting for one-time employee termination benefits, certain contract termination costs and other costs associated with exit or disposal activities. SFAS No. 146 is effective for exit or disposal activities initiated after December 31, 2002. The Company adopted the provisions of SFAS No. 146 during fiscal 2003 with no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In November 2002, the FASB issued EITF No. 02-16, “Accounting by a Reseller for Cash Consideration Received from a Vendor.” EITF No. 02-16 addresses the accounting issues pertaining to cash consideration received by a reseller from a vendor. EITF No. 02-16 must be applied in financial statements for periods beginning after December 15, 2002. The Company adopted the provisions of EITF No. 02-16 during fiscal 2003 with no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In November 2002, the FASB issued Financial Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 45, “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others.” FIN 45 clarifies and elaborates on the requirement for entities to recognize a liability and provide disclosures relating to the fair value of the obligation undertaken in a guarantee. The initial recognition and measurement provisions apply on a prospective basis to guarantees issued or modified after December 31, 2002. The Company adopted the provisions of FIN 45 during fiscal 2003 with no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In December 2002, the FASB issued SFAS No. 148, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation—Transition and Disclosure.” This statement amends SFAS No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,” to provide alternative methods of transition for an entity that voluntarily changes to the fair value based method of accounting and records compensation expense for all stock-based employee compensation. It also amends the disclosure provisions of that statement to require prominent disclosure about the effects on reported net income of an entity’s accounting policy decisions with respect to stock-based employee compensation. Finally, this statement amends APB Opinion No. 28, “Interim Financial Reporting,” to require disclosure about those effects in interim financial statements. The amendment of the transition and annual disclosure requirements of SFAS No. 123 are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2002. The amendment of the disclosure requirements of APB Opinion No. 28 is effective for financial reports containing condensed consolidated financial statements for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2002. Since the Company has not elected to change to the fair value based method of accounting, the transition provisions of SFAS No. 148 have no impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

35


SCHOOL SPECIALTY, INC.

 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In Thousands, Except Per Share Amounts)

 

In January 2003, the FASB issued FIN 46, “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities.” FIN 46 requires companies with variable interests in variable interest entities to evaluate whether they must consolidate these entities subject to the provisions included in FIN 46. The consolidation requirements of FIN 46 apply immediately to variable interest entities created after January 31, 2003. The consolidation requirements apply to entities created prior to January 31, 2003 in the first fiscal year or interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company early adopted the provisions of FIN 46 during fiscal 2003 by evaluating the impact of FIN 46 as it related to the Company’s accounts receivable securitization. The Company concluded that the adoption of FIN 46 would have no material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

 

In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, “Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of Both Liabilities and Equity.” This statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. This statement is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and otherwise is effective at the beginning of the first interim period beginning after June 15, 2003. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this statement.

 

Reclassifications

 

Certain amounts previously reported have been reclassified to conform with the current year presentation.

 

NOTE 3—GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

 

Effective at the beginning of fiscal 2002, the Company adopted SFAS No. 142, which resulted in goodwill no longer being subject to amortization, but rather an annual impairment test. The following information presents what reported net income, basic earnings per share (“basic EPS”) and diluted earnings per share (“diluted EPS”) would have been had SFAS No. 142 been adopted at the beginning of fiscal 2001:

 

     Fiscal
2003


   Fiscal
2002


   Fiscal
2001


Reported net income

   $ 39,590    $ 21,779    $ 11,931

Add back: Goodwill amortization, net of tax

     —        —        5,046
    

  

  

Adjusted net income

   $ 39,590    $ 21,779    $ 16,977
    

  

  

Basic EPS:

                    

Reported basic EPS

   $ 2.16    $ 1.22    $ 0.68

Goodwill amortization

     —