10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

 

x    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006

OR

¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                              to                                               

 

Commission file number 000-49828

 

PACER INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

             Tennessee                62-0935669
(State or other jurisdiction   (I.R.S. employer
of organization)   identification no.)

 

2300 Clayton Road, Suite 1200

Concord, CA 94520

Telephone Number (887) 917-2237

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

            Title of each class            

 

Name of exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par Value $0.01

  The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes    x    No            

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes            No    x    

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes     x    No            

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x    

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

Large accelerated filer     x                     Accelerated filer                         Non-accelerated filer             

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes            No    x    

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1,208,682,814 at June 30, 2006 (based on the NASDAQ National Market closing price on that date). For purposes of this calculation, the registrant has assumed that its directors and executive officers are affiliates.

 

On February 10, 2007, the registrant had 37,164,047 outstanding shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share.

 

Documents Incorporated by Reference – Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the 2007 annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 3, 2007, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days after the end of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 29, 2006, have been incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the extent described herein.


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

General Information

     3

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     3

Part I.

       

Item 1.

  

Business

     5
  

Overview

     5
  

Available Information

     5
  

Our Service Offerings

     5
  

Information Technology

     9
  

Customers

     9
  

Sales and Marketing

     10
  

Development of Our Company

     10
  

Suppliers

     11
  

Equipment

     12
  

Risk Management and Insurance

     13
  

Relationship with APL Limited

     14
  

Business Cycle

     14
  

Competition

     14
  

Employees

     15
  

Government Regulation

     15
  

Legal Contingencies

     16
  

Environmental

     16
  

Seasonality

     16

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

     17
  

Risks Related to Our Business

     17
  

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

     26

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

     26

Item 2.

  

Properties

     27

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

     27

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

     30
  

Executive Officers of the Registrant

     30

Part II.

       

Item 5.

  

Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

     32

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

     34

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     35

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

     54

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

     54

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

     54

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

     54

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

     55

Part III.

       

Item 10.

  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

     56

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

     56

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

     57

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

     57

Item 14.

  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

     57

Part IV.

       

Item 15.

  

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

     58
  

Signatures

     63
  

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules

     F-1

 

2


Table of Contents

General Information

 

In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, “our company,” “Pacer International,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Pacer International, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and “Pacer Logistics” refers to our former subsidiary Pacer Logistics, Inc., which merged into Pacer International, Inc. on May 31, 2003. Our business that provides intermodal equipment and arranges rail transportation is an unincorporated division of Pacer International operating under the name Pacer Stacktrain and is referred to as “Stacktrain” or “Pacer Stacktrain” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. References to our intermodal segment operations include our Stacktrain operations, our local cartage operations (also referred to as local trucking and drayage) conducted through our subsidiary Pacer Cartage, Inc., and our intermodal marketing operations (also referred to as rail brokerage) conducted through our subsidiary Pacer Global Logistics, Inc. References to our logistics segment operations include our highway brokerage, truck services, international freight forwarding, supply chain management services and warehousing and distribution services. Our highway brokerage and supply chain management services are conducted through our subsidiary Pacer Global Logistics, Inc.; our warehousing and distribution services are conducted through our subsidiaries Pacer Distribution Services, Inc. and PDS Trucking, Inc.; our international freight forwarding operations are conducted through our subsidiaries RF International, Ltd. and Ocean World Lines, Inc.; and our truck services operations are conducted through our subsidiaries Pacific Motor Transport Company Inc. (d/b/a Pacer Transport), S&H Transport, Inc. and S&H Leasing, Inc. Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K as to our size or position relative to our competitors are based on revenues.

 

Special Note Regarding Forward-looking Statements

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward looking statements, within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that reflect our current estimates, expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, the information concerning our possible future consolidated results of operations, business and growth strategies, financing plans, our competitive position and the effects of competition, the projected growth of the industries in which we operate, and the benefits and synergies to be obtained from any future acquisitions. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts and can be identified by forward-looking words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “would”, “project” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements we make in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and include:

 

  ·  

general economic and business conditions;

 

  ·  

congestion, work stoppages, equipment and capacity shortages, weather related issues and service disruptions affecting our rail and motor transportation providers;

 

  ·  

industry trends, including changes in the costs of services from rail and motor transportation providers;

 

  ·  

the loss of one or more of our major customers;

 

  ·  

the impact of competitive pressures in the marketplace;

 

  ·  

the frequency and severity of accidents, particularly involving our trucking operations;

 

  ·  

changes in our business strategy, development plans or cost savings plans;

 

3


Table of Contents
  ·  

difficulties in maintaining or enhancing our information technology systems;

 

  ·  

availability of qualified personnel;

 

  ·  

changes in, or the failure to comply with, government regulations;

 

  ·  

increases in interest rates;

 

  ·  

our ability to integrate acquired businesses;

 

  ·  

terrorism and acts of war; and

 

  ·  

increases in our leverage.

 

Our actual consolidated results of operations and the execution of our business strategy could differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements. In addition, past financial or operating performance is not necessarily a reliable indicator of future performance and you should not use our historical performance to anticipate future results or future period trends. We can give no assurances that any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will occur or, if any of them do, what impact they will have on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. In evaluating our forward-looking statements, you should specifically consider the risks and uncertainties discussed under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly revise our forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances that arise after the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

4


Table of Contents

Part I.

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

Overview

 

We are a leading non-asset based North American logistics provider. Within North America, we are one of the largest intermodal marketing companies, which facilitate the movement of freight by trailer or container using two or more modes of transportation. We focus our business on our core intermodal product, with intermodal sales representing approximately 80% of our total revenues. We believe that our competitive advantages include: the ability to pass volume rate savings and economies of scale to our customers; a significant opportunity to cross-sell services to existing customers; the flexibility to tailor services to our customers’ needs in rapidly changing freight markets; and the ability to provide reliable and consistent services. Using our proprietary information systems, we provide logistics services to numerous Fortune 500 and multi-national companies, including Big Lots, C.H. Robinson, General Electric, Sony, Union Pacific, Toyota and Whirlpool, which together represented approximately 19% of our revenues for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006, as well as numerous middle-market companies. We utilize a non-asset based strategy in which we seek to limit our investment in equipment and facilities and reduce working capital requirements through arrangements with transportation carriers and equipment providers. This strategy provides us with access to freight terminals and facilities and control over transportation-related equipment without owning assets.

 

We believe our non-asset based strategy results in reduced working capital requirements, as compared to those of asset-based transportation providers. In our intermodal segment, our contractual arrangements with our underlying rail carriers and local trucking or drayage companies do not require us to pay for rail or truck transportation services that are not needed to service our customers’ shipping needs. In our logistics segment, our contractual arrangements with truck carriers and equipment providers also do not require us to purchase or pay for carrier services or for equipment usage or availability that are not required to service our customers’ shipping needs. We believe that this is customary in the non-asset based highway brokerage industries in which our logistics segment competes. Also, our trucking services units utilize independent owner-operators, who own and operate their equipment, to provide truck transportation for our customers, and our agreements with these owner-operators do not require us to pay for truck services or for equipment usage or availability that are not actually used to transport our customers’ goods. We believe that our non-asset based competitors in the trucking services sector utilize a similar model.

 

Available Information

 

We file or furnish with or to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K, annual reports to shareholders and annual proxy statements and amendments to such filings. Our SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. These reports are also available free of charge from our website at http://www.pacer-international.com, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file or furnish such material with or to the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or of any registration statement that incorporates this Annual Report on Form 10-K by reference.

 

Our Service Offerings

 

We provide our transportation services from two operating segments, our intermodal segment, which provides services principally to transportation intermediaries, beneficial cargo owners and international shipping companies who utilize intermodal transportation, and our logistics segment, which provides services principally to end-user customers for non-intermodal transportation and related services. Effective on October 31, 2006, we transferred our rail brokerage operations from the logistics segment (previously referred to as the retail segment) to the intermodal segment (previously referred to as the wholesale segment) and reorganized management around our core intermodal product. The new intermodal segment consists of our Pacer Stacktrain, including its new door-to-door PacerDirect product, Pacer Cartage and Rail Brokerage operations. Both segments have separate management teams and offer

 

5


Table of Contents

different but related products and services. Information about our segments, including revenues, income from operations, total assets and geographic information is included in Note 7 to the notes to consolidated financial statements included in this report. All financial information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relating to periods prior to October 31, 2006 have been reclassified to conform to the new segment presentation. The reclassification had no effect on consolidated income from operations or net income. We believe that this new combination of business units within our intermodal and logistics segments and their ability to provide our customers with a comprehensive portfolio of services presents opportunities for enhanced growth and operational synergies.

 

Intermodal Services

 

Stacktrain

 

Intermodal transportation is the movement of freight via trailer or container using two or more modes of transportation which nearly always include a rail and truck segment. Our use of the doublestack method, consisting of the movement of cargo containers stacked two high on special railcars, significantly improves the efficiency of our service by increasing capacity at low incremental cost without sacrificing quality of service. We are a major non-railroad provider of intermodal rail service in North America. We sell intermodal service primarily to intermodal marketing companies, truck brokerage companies, truckload carriers, large automotive intermediaries and international shipping companies, as well as to our own wholly-owned internal intermodal marketing company. We compete primarily with rail carriers and other rail equipment and service providers offering intermodal service and with over-the-road full truckload carriers.

 

Through long-term contracts and other operating arrangements with North American railroads, including Union Pacific, Burlington Northern Santa Fe, CSX, KCSM in Mexico, and Canadian National Railroad, we have access to over a 52,000-mile North American rail network serving most major population and commercial centers in the United States, Canada and Mexico. These contracts and arrangements provide for, among other things, competitive rates, minimum service standards, capacity assurances, priority handling and the utilization of nationwide terminal facilities.

 

We maintain an extensive fleet of doublestack railcars, containers and chassis, substantially all of which are leased. As of December 29, 2006, our equipment fleet consisted of 1,854 doublestack railcars, 28,558 containers and 31,565 chassis (steel frames with rubber tires used to transport containers over the highway). In addition, through arrangements with APL Limited and other shipping companies, we provide customers with access to a large fleet of smaller International Standards Organization (“ISO”) international containers, allowing us to provide additional transportation capacity using these containers as they are being repositioned from destinations within North America back to the West Coast. Our fleet, combined with ocean shipping companies ISO containers, makes us a major provider of capacity in all container sizes.

 

The size of our leased and owned equipment fleet (as well as the smaller ISO international container westbound fleet), the frequent departures available to us through our rail contracts and the geographic coverage of our rail network provide our customers with single-company control over their transportation requirements, which we believe gives us an advantage in attaining at a competitive price the responsiveness and reliability required by our customers. In addition, our access to information technology enables us to continuously track containers, chassis and railcars throughout our transportation network. Through our equipment fleet and arrangements with rail carriers, we can control the equipment used in our intermodal operations and employ full-time personnel on-site at many terminals to ensure close coordination of the services provided at these facilities.

 

In 2005, we began testing a new door-to-door transportation service offering called PacerDirect with several intermodal marketing companies, including our own wholly-owned intermodal marketing company. PacerDirect uses the resources of our Pacer Cartage, Rail Brokerage and Pacer Stacktrain operations to provide improved one touch, door-to-door transportation service to intermodal marketing companies, truck brokers, truckload carriers and other transportation intermediaries. During 2006, we continued the development of this door-to-door product moving beyond the test phase to an initial launch phase which added additional customers and lanes. The full U.S. commercial launch of PacerDirect service is planned for the latter part of 2007.

 

6


Table of Contents

Rail Brokerage

 

We arrange for and optimize the movement of our customers’ freight in containers and trailers throughout North America using truck and rail transportation. We arrange for a container or trailer shipment to be picked up at origin by truck (using either our cartage services or other truck carriers directly) and transported to a site for loading onto a train. The shipment is then transported via railroad (using either our Stacktrain services or rail carriers directly) to a site for unloading from the train in the vicinity of the final destination. After the shipment has been unloaded from the train and is available for pick-up, we arrange for the shipment to be transported by truck (using either our cartage services or other truck carriers directly) to the final destination. We provide customized electronic tracking and analysis of charges, and our own negotiated rail, truck and intermodal rates, and we determine the optimal routes. We also track and monitor shipments in transit, consolidate billing, handle claims of freight loss or damage on behalf of our customers and manage the handling, consolidation and storage of freight throughout the process. Our rail brokerage operations are based in Pasadena (California), Rutherford (New Jersey), Dublin and Dayton (Ohio), Lincolnton (Georgia), Jacksonville (Florida), Toronto (Canada) and Mexico City (Mexico). Our experienced transportation personnel are responsible for operations, customer service, marketing, management information systems and our relationships with the rail carriers.

 

Through our rail brokerage operations, we assist the railroads and our Pacer Stacktrain operation in balancing freight resulting in improved asset utilization. In addition, we serve our customers by passing on economies of scale that we achieve as a volume buyer from railroads, trucking companies and other third party transportation providers, providing access to large equipment pools and streamlining the paperwork and logistics of an intermodal move.

 

Local Cartage

 

Our subsidiary, Pacer Cartage, Inc., provides local cartage largely in and around major U.S. cities, including Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego, Lathrop, Oakland and Sacramento (California), Dallas (Texas), Jacksonville (Florida), Chicago (Illinois), Detroit (Michigan), Columbus, Cleveland and Marysville (Ohio), Philadelphia and Harrisburg (Pennsylvania), Memphis (Tennessee), Kansas City (Kansas), Charleston (South Carolina), Seattle (Washington), Portland (Oregon), Plymouth (New Jersey) and Atlanta, Savannah and Dalton (Georgia). We contract with independent trucking contractors and maintain interchange agreements with many major steamship lines, railroads and intermodal equipment providers for the interchange and use of equipment supplied by these providers. This network allows us to supply the local transportation requirements across the country of shippers, ocean carriers and freight forwarders.

 

Logistics Services

 

Highway Brokerage and Truck Services

 

Through our highway brokerage unit, which is a division of our subsidiary Pacer Global Logistics, Inc., we arrange the movement of freight in containers or trailers by truck using a nationwide network of over 3,000 independent trucking companies. By utilizing our aggregate volumes to negotiate rates, we are able to provide quality service at attractive prices. We provide highway brokerage services throughout North America through our customer service centers in Livermore (California), Dallas (Texas), Chicago (Illinois), Phoenix (Arizona), Conyers (Georgia), Rutherford (New Jersey), and Dublin (Ohio). We manage

all aspects of these services for our customers, including selecting qualified carriers, negotiating rates, tracking shipments, billing and resolving difficulties.

 

Our separate truck services unit, Pacer Transport, provides dry van and flatbed and specialized heavy-haul trucking services on behalf of our customers. We provide these trucking services through independent agents and contractors who operate approximately 650 trucks equipped with van, flatbed and heavy-haul trailers.

 

We believe that our ability to provide a range of trucking services through our separate highway brokerage and truck services units and our local cartage operations provides a competitive advantage as companies increasingly seek to outsource their transportation and logistics needs to companies that can manage multiple transportation requirements.

 

7


Table of Contents

International Freight Forwarding Services

 

As an international freight forwarder, our subsidiary, RF International, Ltd., provides freight forwarding services that involve transportation of freight into or out of the United States. As a non-vessel operating common carrier (or indirect ocean carrier) and customs broker, we manage international shipping for our customers and provide or connect them with the range of services necessary to run a global business. We also provide airfreight forwarding services as an indirect air carrier. Our international product offerings serve more than 1,000 clients internationally through 8 offices and approximately 100 agents worldwide.

 

As a non-vessel operating common carrier (or indirect ocean carrier), our subsidiary, Ocean World Lines, Inc., arranges transportation of our customers’ freight by contracting with the actual vessel operator to obtain transportation for a fixed number of containers between various points during a specified time period at an agreed wholesale discounted volume rate. We then are able to charge our customers rates lower than the rates they could obtain from actual vessel operators for similar type shipments. We consolidate the freight bound for a particular destination from a common shipping point, prepare all required shipping documents, arrange for any inland transportation, deliver the freight to the vessel operator and arrange transportation to the final destination. At the destination port, acting directly or through our agent, we deliver the freight to the receivers of the goods, which may include customs clearance and inland freight transportation to the final destination. Our contracts with ocean carriers generally require us to pay a small liquidated damage amount for each committed container that we do not ship during the relevant contract period. The aggregate amount of such damages that we have been required to pay in the past has not been material, however, and management believes that such contract terms will not have a material adverse effect on our operating results in the future.

 

As a customs broker, we are licensed by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service to act on behalf of importers in handling customs formalities and other details critical to the importation of goods. We prepare and file formal documentation required for clearance through customs agencies, obtain customs bonds, facilitate the payment of import duties on behalf of the importer, arrange for the payment of collect freight charges, assist with determining and obtaining the best commodity classifications for shipments and assist with qualifying for duty drawback refunds. We provide customs brokerage services to direct domestic importers in connection with many of the shipments that we handle as a non-vessel operating common carrier, as well as shipments arranged by other freight forwarders, non-vessel operating common carriers or vessel operating common carriers.

 

Warehousing and Distribution

 

Our warehousing and distribution unit, Pacer Distribution Services, Inc., primarily specializes in “import logistics,” or servicing the needs of importers looking to move their goods in a timely and efficient manner, either directly to a retailer or to an inland distribution point. To accomplish this objective and deliver superior service to our import customers, we operate multiple facilities in the Los Angeles area that occupy more than 800,000 square feet. All of these facilities are located within 18 miles of the Southern California ports, making possible a timely and efficient flow of ocean containers to and from our warehouses. To further boost the quality of service and expedite the delivery of ocean freight, our subsidiary PDS Trucking, Inc. also manages a trucking fleet of 125 owner-operators, many of whom service the Southern California ports on a daily basis. To help our customers reduce their import costs, we have extended the hours of operation of our harbor trucking fleet to take maximum advantage of the program implemented by the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach to encourage the movement of cargo at night and on weekends to reduce truck traffic during peak daytime hours.

 

Our warehousing and distribution unit performs multiple services specifically designed for importers, including:

 

  ·  

warehousing/distribution – receiving inventory to stock in order to fulfill future outbound orders,

 

  ·  

value-added services – labeling, price tagging, palletizing, pick/pack and reworking,

 

8


Table of Contents
  ·  

transloading – transferring freight from ocean containers to domestic equipment, rail or road,

 

  ·  

deconsolidation – the sorting of freight for distribution to multiple outbound destinations, and

 

  ·  

consolidation – the collecting of multiple smaller inbound shipments to build full truckloads.

 

Supply Chain Management

 

We use the information from our advanced information system to provide consulting and supply chain management services to our customers. These specialized services, offered through our subsidiary, Pacer Global Logistics, Inc., allow our customers to realize cost savings and concentrate on their core competencies by outsourcing to us the management and transportation of their materials and inventory throughout their supply chains and the distribution of finished goods to the end user. We provide infrastructure and equipment, integrated with our customers’ existing systems, to handle distribution planning, just-in-time delivery and automated ordering. We also manage warehouses, distribution centers and other facilities for selected customers and consult on identifying bottlenecks in our customers’ supply chains by analyzing freight patterns and costs, optimizing facility locations and developing internal policies and procedures. We leverage these capabilities to drive additional volume to our other service offerings.

 

Information Technology

 

Our information technology systems have a scalable architecture that provides a technology migration path which can grow with our business. The systems are designed for electronic interchange of data between our customers and us and an Internet-based connectivity that allows customization and integration to meet our customers’ needs. This interconnection allows us to communicate directly with our customers and transportation service providers. Our systems monitor and track shipments through the transportation life cycle and across various transportation modes; providing timely visibility regarding shipment status, location and estimated delivery times. Our exception notification system informs us of any potential delays so we can alert our customers and other supply chain participants to optimize customer planning activities and to minimize the impact of any problems. Our systems also manage transit times, rates, availability and logistics activity of our transportation service providers, enabling us to plan and execute transactions and freight movements more reliably, efficiently and cost effectively. By monitoring and tracking all containers, chassis and railcars throughout our network, we can identify their location and availability and provide increased equipment utilization and balanced freight flows.

 

Our systems also have the capability to analyze our customers’ usage patterns and needs in an effort to resolve performance bottlenecks, determine optimal distribution locations and identify areas for cost savings throughout their supply chains. We can also prepare and distribute customized reports detailing shipping patterns, volumes, reliability, timeliness and overall transportation costs. We can generate management reports to meet federal highway authority requirements and perform accounting and billing functions. Our technology efforts are continually focused on reducing customer service response time, enhancing the customer service profile database and expanding the number of customers and service providers with which we share data using electronic data interchange applications.

 

We manage our intermodal services with computer systems that enable continuous tracking of cargo containers, chassis and railcars throughout the intermodal system. These systems provide us with performance, utilization and profitability indicators for our intermodal business. Pursuant to a long-term information technology services agreement, APL Limited provides us with the computers, software and other information technology services necessary for the operation of and accounting for our Stacktrain business. We paid an annual fee of $10.4 million in 2006 to APL Limited under this agreement (of which $3.4 million has been subject to a 3% compounded annual increase since May 2003). This agreement with APL Limited has a term expiring in May 2019.

 

Customers

 

We currently provide logistics and transportation services on a nationwide basis to retailers, manufacturers, and other companies, including a number of Fortune 500 and multi-national companies

 

9


Table of Contents

such as Big Lots, C.H. Robinson, General Electric, Sony, Union Pacific, Toyota and Whirlpool, which together represented approximately 19% of our 2006 revenues, as well as numerous middle market companies. Other important customers include The Scotts Company, Shaw Industries, and Sysco. We have served many of our customers for over 15 years.

 

Our sales and customer service organizations, supported by our centralized pricing and logistics management systems, market our intermodal services primarily to intermodal marketing companies. We also market our intermodal services to truck brokers, truckload carriers, the automotive industry and ocean carriers. Through our sales network, and the sales networks of the intermodal marketing companies to which we sell intermodal services, we provide transportation services to more than 5,000 domestic and international shippers.

 

For the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006, one customer contributed 10.3% of our consolidated revenues. For the fiscal years ended December 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004, there was no single customer that contributed more than 10% of our consolidated revenues.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

As of December 29, 2006, our Pacer Stacktrain and Pacer Cartage intermodal services were marketed by over 50 sales and customer service representatives. These representatives operate through seven regional and district sales offices and three regional customer service centers that are situated in the major shipping locations across North America. The sales representatives are directly responsible for managing the business relationships with our customers such as intermodal marketing companies, logistics companies, truck brokers, truckload carriers and steamship lines, as well as supporting joint selling efforts directed at the beneficial owner of the freight. In effect, our relationship with the sales force of our various customers enables us to market our intermodal services and directly and indirectly access shippers in major metropolitan areas throughout North America. The customer service representatives are responsible for supporting existing customers and sales representatives by providing cargo tracking services, resolving problems and processing customer inquiries. Our intermodal efforts include a dedicated marketing function that drives our product development, strategic and tactical pricing, yield improvement, branding efforts and marketing communications.

 

As of December 29, 2006, our logistics marketing and sales operations included over 50 direct sales people and agents. All of our sales people are supported by regional sales offices and sales managers located in Livermore (California), Dublin (Ohio), Memphis (Tennessee), Dallas (Texas) and Rutherford (New Jersey). Our direct sales representatives are deployed in major business centers throughout the country and target mid-size to large customers. In early 2006, we further segmented this sales organization into National Account and Regional Account teams. Our national network of commissioned sales agents provides additional geographic coverage and contributes additional business enabling us to achieve volume discounts and balance traffic flows. Compensation for our salaried sales forces is driven by volume growth for our intermodal and over-the-road truckload business. Compensation for our commissioned agents is driven by margin. Our direct sales force, in particular, is trained and encouraged to sell the entire Pacer product portfolio to their customers. Each line of business has product specialists to support the general line sales force on specific cross-selling opportunities.

 

In addition to our domestic sales force, we also have an extensive international network of sales and customer service representatives located in 8 offices and approximately 100 agents worldwide.

 

Development of Our Company

 

We commenced operations as an independent, stand-alone company upon our recapitalization in May 1999. From 1984 until our recapitalization, our Stacktrain business was conducted by various entities owned directly or indirectly by APL Limited.

 

In May 1999, we were recapitalized through the purchase of shares of our common stock from APL Limited by two affiliates of Apollo Management, and an affiliate of each of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and our redemption of a portion of the remaining shares of

 

10


Table of Contents

common stock held by APL Limited. On the date of the recapitalization, we also began providing retail and logistics services to customers through our acquisition of Pacer Logistics. In connection with these transactions, our name was changed from APL Land Transport Services, Inc. to Pacer International, Inc.

 

Pacer Logistics, Inc. was originally incorporated on March 5, 1997 under the name PMT Holdings, Inc., and acquired the successor to a company formed in 1974. Between the time of its formation and our acquisition of Pacer Logistics in May 1999, Pacer Logistics acquired and integrated six logistics services companies.

 

In 2000, we acquired four companies that complemented our business operations and expanded our geographic reach and service offerings for intermodal marketing, highway brokerage, international freight forwarding and other logistics services. In 2001, we integrated our intermodal marketing, highway brokerage and supply chain services business operations into our Pacer Global Logistics, Inc. subsidiary.

 

In June 2002, we completed our initial public offering of common stock, and used the net proceeds to repay a significant portion of our outstanding long-term debt. During June and July 2003, we completed the refinancing of our credit facilities, including the early redemption of $150 million of 11.75% senior subordinated notes originally issued in connection with our May 1999 recapitalization. In August 2003, we completed an underwritten secondary public offering of common stock on behalf of a number of selling stockholders; no new shares were issued and we received no proceeds from this offering. In November 2003 and April 2005, we completed repricings of our credit facility, and in September 2005, we completed an amendment to our credit facility allowing for, among other things, an increase in the cash dividends that can be paid.

 

On January 7, 2004, we filed with the SEC a “shelf” registration statement, providing for the issuance by the Company of up to $150 million in additional common stock, preferred stock and warrants to purchase any of such securities and for the sale by a number of selling stockholders of 8,702,893 shares of common stock. In offerings under the registration statement in April and November 2004, all 8,702,893 shares of common stock of the selling stockholders were sold with no new shares issued or proceeds received by the Company. Upon completion of the offerings, Apollo Management and its affiliated entities no longer owned any shares of our common stock. There are currently no arrangements in place for the Company to issue any additional securities.

 

Suppliers

 

Railroads

 

We have long-term contracts with our primary rail carriers, Union Pacific, CSX, and KCSM in Mexico, and we maintain other operating arrangements with the other North American railroads, including Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad and Canadian National Railroad. These contracts and arrangements generally provide for access to terminals controlled by the railroads as well as support services related to our Stacktrain operations. Through these contracts and arrangements, our intermodal business has established an extensive North American rail transportation network. Our rail brokerage business also maintains contracts with the railroads that govern the transportation services and payment terms pursuant to which the railroads handle intermodal shipments. These contracts are typically of short duration, usually twelve-month terms, and subject to regular renewal or extension. We maintain close working relationships with all of the major railroads in the United States and will continue to focus our efforts on strengthening these relationships. The long-term rail contracts with Union Pacific and CSX represent a majority of our Stacktrain unit’s cost of purchased transportation, while other business with Union Pacific and CSX is covered by shorter-term commercial arrangements. Business with other railroads, including the Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Canadian National Railroad and KCSM, constituted approximately 6.9% of our Stacktrain unit’s cost of purchased transportation in 2006.

 

Through our contracts and arrangements with these rail carriers, we have access to a 52,000 mile rail network throughout North America. Our rail contracts and arrangements generally require the rail carriers to perform point-to-point linehaul transportation and terminal services for us. Pursuant to the

 

11


Table of Contents

service provisions, the rail carriers provide transportation of our intermodal equipment across their rail networks and terminal services related to loading and unloading of containers, equipment movement and general administration. Our rail contracts and arrangements generally establish per container rates for Stacktrain shipments made on the rail carriers’ transportation networks, and the long-term contracts typically provide that we are obligated to transport a specified percentage of our total Stacktrain shipments with each of the rail carriers (subject to the rail carrier’s achievement of certain service performance standards). The terms of our rail contracts and arrangements, including rates, are generally subject to adjustment or renegotiation throughout the term of the contract or arrangement, based on factors such as the continuing fairness of the contract terms, prevailing market conditions and changes in the rail carriers’ costs to provide rail service. Based upon these provisions, and the volume of freight that we ship with each of the rail carriers, we believe that we enjoy competitive transportation rates for our Stacktrain shipments.

 

Agents and Independent Contractors

 

In our long haul and local trucking services operations, we rely on the services of independent agents, who procure business for and manage a group of trucking contractors. Although we own a small number of tractors and trailers, the majority of our truck equipment and drivers are provided by agents and independent contractors. Our relationships with agents and independent contractors allow us to provide customers with a broad range of trucking services without the need to commit capital to acquire and maintain a large trucking fleet. Although our agreements with independent agents and trucking contractors are typically long-term in practice, they are generally terminable by either party on short notice.

 

Independent agents and trucking contractors are compensated on the basis of mileage rates, fixed fees between particular origins and destinations, fixed fees within certain distance-based zones or a fixed percentage of the revenue generated from the shipments that they arrange or haul. Under the terms of our typical lease contracts, independent agents and trucking contractors must pay all of the expenses of operating their equipment, including driver wages and benefits, fuel, physical damage insurance, maintenance and debt service.

 

Local Trucking Companies

 

To support our intermodal operations, we have established a good working relationship with a large network of local truckers in many major urban centers throughout the United States. The quality of these relationships helps ensure reliable pickups and deliveries, which is a major differentiating factor among intermodal marketing companies. Our strategy has been to concentrate business with a select group of local truckers in a particular urban area, which increases our economic value to the local truckers and in turn raises the quality of service that we receive from them.

 

Equipment

 

Our intermodal equipment fleet consists of a large number of double stack railcars, containers and chassis that are owned or subject to short and long-term leases. We lease almost all of our containers, approximately 83% of our chassis and approximately 90% of our doublestack railcars.

 

In addition, all of our railcar equipment is associated with revenue generating arrangements. Our railcar fleet consists of “free running” railcars operating under the publicly reported “BRAN” mark. These railcars are in general service with railroads throughout North America to haul not only our own intermodal containers but also those of the railroads and their other customers. Under this system, our railcars are freely interchanged from one rail carrier to another throughout the North American rail system. To use our railcars, the rail carrier pays us a fee, known as the car hire rate, which takes into account the miles traveled by a railcar and the railcar’s time in service with a railroad. The actual rate payable is determined under our bilateral rate agreement with the railroad, or in the case of a railroad with which we have no rate agreement, under our schedule of car hire rates maintained in the Car Hire Accounting Rate Master (CHARM) administered by Railinc in association with the Association of American Railroads. We are solely responsible for the costs of operating our railcars, and do not have any recourse to our customers for the lease or purchase of our railcars.

 

12


Table of Contents

As of December 29, 2006, our Stacktrain equipment fleet consisted of the following:

 

     Owned    Leased    Total
    

Containers

        

48’ Containers

   18    5,621    5,639

53’ Containers

   4    22,915    22,919
    

Total

   22    28,536    28,558
    

Chassis

        

20’and 40’ Chassis

   -    2,449    2,449

48’ Chassis

   5,375    3,403    8,778

53’ Chassis

   100    20,238    20,338
    

Total

   5,475    26,090    31,565
    

Doublestack Railcars

   203    1,651    1,854
    

 

During 2006, we received 2,360 53-ft. leased containers and 4,552 53-ft. and 40-ft. leased chassis, and we returned 2,033 primarily 48-ft leased containers and 1,684 primarily 48-ft. and 40-ft. leased chassis. During 2006, four railcars were destroyed.

 

During 2005, we received 4,422 primarily 53-ft. leased containers and 3,926 primarily 53-ft. leased chassis, and we returned 2,106 primarily 48-ft leased containers and 1,106 primarily 48-ft. leased chassis. During 2005, four railcars were destroyed.

 

During 2004, we received 4,321 primarily 53-ft. leased containers and 3,853 primarily 53-ft. leased chassis, and we returned 1,917 primarily 48-ft leased containers and 2,248 primarily 48-ft. leased chassis. During 2004, three railcars were destroyed.

 

We also own or lease a limited amount of equipment to support our trucking operations. The majority of our trucking operations are conducted through contracts with independent trucking companies and contractors that own and operate their own equipment.

 

Risk Management and Insurance

 

In our rail and highway brokerage operations, we typically require all motor carriers to which we tender freight to carry at least $1,000,000 in truckers’ commercial automobile liability insurance and $100,000 in cargo insurance. Many carriers provide insurance exceeding these minimums. Railroads, which are generally self-insured, provide limited common carrier liability protection, generally up to $250,000 per container. We maintain an all-risk form of cargo insurance to protect us against cargo damage claims that may not be recoverable from the responsible carriers or their insurers.

 

In our operations as an authorized carrier or warehouseman, we maintain legal liability insurance to protect us against catastrophic claims arising from damage or loss to freight in transit or warehouse storage. We also maintain property damage insurance to protect us against damage to our railcars and intermodal equipment.

 

Our terms of carriage on international and ocean shipments limit our liability consistent with industry standards. We offer our freight forwarding customers the option to purchase cargo insurance for their shipments.

 

We also purchase insurance policies for commercial automobile liability, truckers’ commercial automobile liability, commercial general liability, employers liability, and umbrella and excess umbrella liability, with a total insurance limit of $50 million. Our historical self-retained (deductible) levels vary based on claim frequency, severity and timing factors. Our current deductible level per occurrence for

 

13


Table of Contents

commercial automobile liability is $100,000. Our current deductible level per occurrence for truckers’ commercial automobile liability is $1,000,000. Our current deductible level per occurrence for commercial general liability is $1,000,000. Our current workers compensation and employers liability deductible is $150,000 per incident. Our current deductible per occurrence for freight damage as an authorized carrier or warehouseman is $250,000, with the exception of our cartage operations which carry a $10,000 deductible.

 

Relationship with APL Limited

 

We are a party to a long-term agreement with APL Limited involving domestic transportation of APL Limited’s international freight by our Stacktrain operation. The majority of APL Limited’s imports to the United States are transported by rail from ports on the West Coast to population centers in the Midwest and Northeast. Domestic intermodal freight that originates in the United States, however, moves predominantly westbound from eastern and Midwestern production centers to consumption centers on the West Coast. Combining the typical westbound freight movement with the predominantly eastbound APL Limited freight movement allows us to achieve higher train-set utilization (loads per train) and higher eastbound/westbound volumes, thereby improving our bargaining position with the railroads regarding contract terms. We also provide APL Limited with equipment repositioning services through which we transport APL Limited’s empty containers from destinations within North America to their West Coast points of origin. To the extent we are able to fill these empty containers with the westbound freight of other customers, we receive compensation from both APL Limited for our repositioning service on a cost reimbursement basis and from the other customers for the shipment of their freight.

 

APL Limited also supplies us with computer software and other information technology services for our Stacktrain business. See “Information Technology,” above.

 

Business Cycle

 

The transportation industry has historically performed cyclically as a result of economic recession, customers’ business cycles, increases in prices charged by third-party carriers, interest rate fluctuations and other economic factors, many of which are beyond our control. Because we offer a variety of transportation modes and, we believe, an economical intermodal product, we generally retain shipping volumes and benefit from increased use of our Stacktrain services at the expense of long-haul trucking competitors during down business cycles. In periods of strong economic growth, demand for limited transportation resources can result in increased rail network congestion and resulting operating inefficiencies. Although rail service deterioration increases our costs and may slow demand, we believe that our personnel on-site at many terminals, extensive equipment fleet and customer service capabilities enable us to provide comparatively better service than others affected by rail service deterioration and thereby to retain shipping volumes. We also participate during periods of business expansion when speed of service to fill inventories increases in importance.

 

Competition

 

The transportation services industry is highly competitive. Our intermodal business competes primarily with over-the-road full truckload carriers, conventional intermodal movement of trailers-on-flatcars and containerized intermodal rail services offered directly by railroads. Our logistics business competes primarily against other domestic non-asset-based transportation and logistics companies, asset-based transportation and logistics companies, third-party freight brokers, freight forwarders and private shipping departments. We also compete with transportation services companies for the services of independent commissioned agents, and with trucklines for the services of independent contractors and drivers. Competition in our intermodal and logistics business is based primarily on freight rates, quality of service, such as damage-free shipments, on-time delivery and consistent transit times, reliable pickup and delivery and scope of operations. Our major competitors include Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Union Pacific, CSX Intermodal and J.B. Hunt Transport. Other competitors include C.H. Robinson, Exel, Hub Group, Alliance Shippers, and the supply chain solutions divisions of Ryder and Menlo Worldwide. Some of these competitors, such as C.H. Robinson, Expeditors International, Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific, have significantly larger operations, revenues and resources than we have.

 

14


Table of Contents

Employees

 

As of December 29, 2006, we had a total of 1,574 employees. None of our employees are represented by unions, and we generally consider our relationships with our employees to be satisfactory.

 

Government Regulation

 

Regulation of Our Trucking and Intermodal Operations

 

The transportation industry has been subject to legislative and regulatory changes that have affected the economics of the industry by requiring changes in operating practices or influencing the demand for, and cost of, providing transportation services. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future legislative and regulatory changes may have on our business or consolidated results of operations.

 

Our highway brokerage operations are licensed by the U.S. Department of Transportation, or “DOT,” as a national freight broker in arranging for the transportation of general commodities by motor vehicle. The DOT prescribes qualifications for acting as a national freight broker, including surety bonding requirements. Our truck services and local cartage operations provide motor carrier transportation services that require registration with the DOT and compliance with economic regulations administered by the DOT, including a requirement to maintain insurance coverage in minimum prescribed amounts. Other sourcing and distribution activities may be subject to various federal and state food and drug statutes and regulations. Although Congress enacted legislation in 1994 that substantially preempts the authority of states to exercise economic regulation of motor carriers and brokers of freight, we continue to be subject to a variety of state vehicle registration and licensing requirements. We and the carriers upon which we rely are also subject to various federal and state safety and environmental regulations. Although compliance with regulations governing licenses in these areas has not had a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows in the past, there can be no assurance that these regulations or changes in these regulations will not adversely affect our consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows in the future. Violations of these regulations could also subject us to fines or, in the event of serious violations, suspension or revocation of operating authority as well as increased claims liability.

 

Intermodal operations like ours were exempted from virtually all active regulatory supervision by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, predecessor to the regulatory responsibilities now held by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board. Such exemption is revocable by the Surface Transportation Board, but the standards for revocation of regulatory exemptions issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission or Surface Transportation Board are high. While that exemption remains in place, the DOT issued proposed regulations in December 2006 that would make intermodal equipment providers like our Stacktrain division subject to the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulations for the first time. This proposed regulation would, among other requirements, obligate Stacktrain to register and file with the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration an Intermodal Equipment Provider Report, establish a systematic inspection, repair and maintenance program on its chassis and maintain documentation of the program. We are currently reviewing the proposed regulation and evaluating the operational impact if these proposed regulations were to go into effect.

 

Regulation of Our International Freight Forwarding Operations

 

We maintain licenses issued by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission as an ocean transportation intermediary. These licenses govern both our operations as an ocean freight forwarder and as a non-vessel operating common carrier. The Federal Maritime Commission has established qualifications for ocean transportation intermediaries, including surety bond requirements. The Federal Maritime Commission also is responsible for the regulation and oversight of non-vessel operating common carriers that contract for space with vessel operating carriers and sell that space to commercial shippers and other non-vessel operating common carriers for freight originating and/or terminating in the United States. Non-vessel operating common carriers are required to publish and maintain tariffs that establish the rates to be charged for the movement of specified commodities into and out of the United States. The Federal Maritime Commission has the power to enforce these regulations by commencing enforcement proceedings seeking

 

15


Table of Contents

the assessment of penalties for violation of these regulations. For ocean shipments not originating or terminating in the United States, the applicable regulations and licensing requirements typically are less stringent than in the United States. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable regulations and licensing requirements in all countries in which we transact business.

 

We are also licensed as a customs broker by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service of the Department of Treasury in each United States customs district in which we do business. All United States customs brokers are required to maintain prescribed records and are subject to periodic audits by the Customs Service. In other jurisdictions in which we perform customs brokerage services, we are licensed, where necessary, by the appropriate governmental authority. We believe we are in substantial compliance with these requirements.

 

Legal Contingencies

 

In connection with certain pending litigation and other claims, we have estimated the range of probable loss and provided for such losses through charges to our consolidated statements of operations. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based upon new information and future events.

 

From time to time, we are involved in disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business, and we expect such disputes to continue to arise from time to time in the future. We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings as discussed in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings”, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 6. – Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements included in this report. Based on currently available information and advice of counsel, we believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims against us, and that none of these items will have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Our present assessment of these claims could change, however, based on new information and future events. In addition, even if successful, our defense against certain actions could be costly and could divert the time and resources of our management and staff.

 

Environmental

 

Our facilities and operations are subject to federal, state and local environmental, hazardous materials transportation and occupational health and safety requirements, including those relating to the handling, labeling, shipping and transportation of hazardous materials, discharges of substances into the air, water and land, the handling, storage and disposal of wastes and the cleanup of properties affected by pollutants. In particular, a number of our facilities have underground and above-ground storage tanks for diesel fuel and other petroleum products. These facilities are subject to requirements regarding the storage of such products and the clean-up of any leaks or spills. We could also have liability as a responsible party for costs to clean-up contamination at off-site locations where we have sent, or arranged for the transport of, wastes. We have not received any notices that we are potentially responsible for material clean-up costs at any off-site waste disposal location. We do not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on our capital expenditures, consolidated results of operations or competitive position as a result of our efforts to comply with environmental requirements, nor do we believe that we have any material environmental liabilities. We also do not expect to incur material capital expenditures for environmental controls in 2007 or 2008. However, future changes in environmental regulations or liabilities from newly discovered environmental conditions could have a material adverse effect on our business, competitive position, consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows.

 

Seasonality

 

Our revenues generally show a seasonal pattern as some customers reduce shipments during and after the winter holiday season. In addition, the auto companies that we serve generally shut down their assembly plants for new model re-tooling during the summer months.

 

16


Table of Contents

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We are dependent upon third parties for equipment, capacity and services essential to operate our business, and if we fail to secure sufficient equipment, capacity or services, we could lose customers and revenues.

 

We are dependent upon transportation equipment such as chassis and containers and rail, truck and ocean transportation services provided by independent third parties. We, along with competitors in our industry, have experienced equipment and capacity shortages in the past, particularly during peak shipping season in October and November. We also depend upon the rail carriers to provide sufficient rail slots on the train to transport our containers and access to the rail terminal for the delivery of our containers for shipment. From time to time, as with other users of Union Pacific’s rail service, we have not been able to obtain sufficient gate reservations for all containers to be shipped on a particular day and have had to wait for the gate reservation necessary to allow the container to enter the rail terminal and to be loaded on the train. If we cannot secure sufficient transportation equipment, capacity or services from these third parties to meet our customers’ needs and schedules, customers may seek to have their transportation and logistics needs met by other providers on a temporary or permanent basis, which could materially adversely affect our business, consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

Likewise, the intermodal industry is facing excess demand for the current rail network size that is causing network congestion and service delays and allowing rail carriers to implement rate increases. In addition, the trucking industry, including the local drayage community, is facing an ongoing shortage of drivers. This shortage may cause our motor transportation suppliers to increase drivers’ compensation, thereby increasing our cost of providing motor transportation, including the local cartage portion of an intermodal move, to our customers. Driver shortages and tight rail capacity could adversely impact our profitability and limit our ability to expand our intermodal and highway service offerings.

 

Service instability in the intermodal industry could increase costs and decrease demand for our intermodal services.

 

We depend on the major railroads in the United States for substantially all of the intermodal transportation services that we provide. In many markets, rail service is limited to a few railroads or even a single railroad. Any reduction in service by the railroads we use is likely to increase the cost of the rail-based services that we provide and reduce the reliability, timeliness and overall attractiveness of our rail-based services. During the past 3 years, high demand for rail transportation, train resource shortages, severe weather and operating inefficiencies have resulted in increased transit times, terminal congestion and decreased equipment velocity. Rail carrier efforts over the past years to improve rail service did not seem to generate the expected improvements. Only recently in 2006 have we seen some progress in the reduction of transit times. While we believe that our customer service capabilities, extensive equipment fleet and network of personnel on-site at many terminals enables us to lessen the impact to our intermodal customers of these service disruptions, rail service issues increase our costs and create a challenging operating environment. To the extent that we operate on rail carriers that experience poor service performance, demand for our intermodal services may be adversely affected. In addition, customers may switch to alternate providers to avoid intermodal transportation delays. Although we have not been adversely affected by past service disruptions resulting from rail industry consolidation and rail network congestion, we could be substantially affected by such service disruptions in the future.

 

Changes in freight rates, as a result of competition in our industry and pricing strategies of our transportation suppliers, could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

 

The transportation services industry is highly competitive. Our logistics businesses compete primarily against other domestic non-asset based transportation and logistics companies, asset-based transportation and logistics companies, third-party freight brokers, shipping departments of our customers and other freight forwarders. Our intermodal business competes primarily with over-the-road full truckload carriers, conventional intermodal movement of trailers on flat cars, and containerized intermodal rail services offered by railroads and other providers. Some of our competitors have substantially greater

 

17


Table of Contents

financial, marketing and other resources than we do, which may allow them to withstand better an economic downturn, reduce their prices more easily than we can or expand or enhance the marketing of their products. There are a number of large companies competing in one or more segments of our industry, although the number of companies with a North American network that offer a full complement of logistics services is more limited. Depending on the location of the customer and the scope of services requested, we must compete against both the niche players and larger entities. In addition, customers are increasingly soliciting competitive bids for transportation services from a number of competitors, including competitors that are larger than we are. We also face competition from Internet-based freight exchanges, or electronic bid environments, that provide an online marketplace for buying and selling supply chain services.

 

Historically, competition has created downward pressure on freight rates. In the past, we have experienced downward pressure in the pricing of our intermodal and logistics services that has affected our revenues and operating results. In particular, our intermodal segment has offered lower rates to its customers to match lower rates offered by our railroad competitors in the intermodal business. Rate reductions by truckload carriers may also exert downward pressures on intermodal rates. Such rate reductions could adversely affect the yields of our intermodal product.

 

Rate increases, particularly when taken by our railroad and highway transportation suppliers, may also have an adverse impact if our brokerage operations are unable to obtain commensurate price increases from our customers. For example, during 2005, due to increased demand, all the major rail carriers instituted price increases. Price increases were also taken in 2006. Although the application of rate increases to a portion of our Stacktrain business is limited by our long-term rail contracts, such increases have resulted in higher costs to some of our Stacktrain business and to our rail brokerage operation that we have not been able to fully pass on as quickly as the increases are implemented by the rail carriers. While our Stacktrain operation may benefit from the intermodal rate increases, such rate increases may have the impact of slowing overall demand for intermodal services and thereby affect our consolidated results of operations.

 

Congestion, work stoppages, capacity shortages, weather related issues or other disruptions affecting the transportation network could adversely affect our operating results.

 

As transportation services are provided through a network of rail and trucking transportation providers, a disruption in one area or in one sector can affect the flow of traffic over the entire network. In addition, our business could be adversely affected by labor disputes between the railroads and their union employees; since February 2006 negotiations have been in progress between the railroads and rail unions for new collective bargaining agreements to replace the existing contracts which expire at various times over the next twelve months. Our business could also be adversely affected by a work stoppage affecting providers of local trucking services to and from rail terminals. For example, during 2004, independent owner-operators providing local drayage services in parts of California refused to transport shipments to and from the rail facilities, leading to terminal congestion and a Union Pacific embargo on shipments to Northern California destinations which adversely affected our consolidated results of operations in the second quarter of 2004. We have also experienced service disruptions due to other conditions, such as hurricanes, flooding and other adverse weather conditions, that hinder the railroads’ and local trucking companies’ ability to provide transportation services and negatively impact our operating results.

 

Work stoppages affecting seaports may also adversely impact our operations as we experienced in the second half of 2002 when West Coast ports were shut down as a result of a labor dispute with the longshoremen who offload freight that we subsequently transport. Third party international loadings, container repositioning revenue and railcar utilization revenues from our intermodal segment were adversely impacted during the port shutdown. The shutdown also impacted our local cartage and harbor drayage on the West Coast with lower volumes and our international freight forwarding operations with reduced ship sailings. Other work stoppages, slowdowns or other disruptions, such as those that could result from an act of terrorism or war, are beyond our control and could adversely affect our operating income and cash flows in both our intermodal and logistics segments, particularly if they have a material effect on major railroad interchange facilities or areas through which significant amounts of our rail shipments pass, such as the Los Angeles and Chicago gateways.

 

18


Table of Contents

If we fail to develop, integrate, upgrade or replace our information technology systems, we may lose orders and customers or incur costs beyond our expectations.

 

Increasingly, we compete for customers based upon the flexibility and sophistication of the information technologies that support our current services or any new services that we may introduce. The failure of the hardware or software that supports our information technology systems, the loss of data contained in the systems, or our customers’ inability to access or interact with our website and other systems could significantly disrupt our operations, prevent our customers from placing orders, or cause us to lose orders or customers. If our information technology systems are unable to handle additional volume for our operations as our business and scope of services grow, our service levels, operating efficiency and future freight volumes will decline. In addition, we expect customers to continue to demand more sophisticated, fully integrated information systems from their supply chain management service providers. If we fail to hire qualified personnel to implement and maintain our information technology systems or fail to upgrade or replace our information technology systems to handle increased volumes, meet the demands of our customers and protect against disruptions of our operations, we may lose orders and customers which could adversely affect our business.

 

Our revenues could be reduced by the loss of major customers.

 

We have derived, and believe we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from our largest customers. In 2006, Union Pacific affiliate(s) accounted for approximately 10.3% of our revenues and our 10 largest customers accounted for approximately 42.2% of our revenues. The loss of one or more of our major customers or a significant change in their shipping patterns could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, business and prospects. For example, during 2005, we completed the transition of one of our highway brokerage customers to another service provider, reducing revenues by approximately $128 million in our logistics segment. The impact of this loss on consolidated income from operations was significantly less, however, due to the low margins provided by this customer.

 

Ongoing insurance and claims expenses could adversely affect our earnings.

 

We are exposed to claims related to property damage, personal injury, cargo loss and damage and workers’ compensation. We carry significant insurance with third party insurance carriers. The cost of such insurance has increased over the past five years, reflecting our operational growth, the insurance environment in our industry and our claim experience. We have maintained self-retained (deductible) levels for our public liability risk exposures to optimize cost efficiency, reflecting our increasing operating volume and claim experience. Our current deductible per occurrence for commercial automobile liability is $100,000. Our current deductible level for truckers’ commercial automobile liability is $1,000,000. Our current deductible level per occurrence for commercial general liability is $1,000,000. Our current workers compensation and employers liability deductible is $150,000 per incident. Our current deductible per occurrence for freight damage as an authorized motor carrier or warehouseman is $250,000, except for our cartage operations which carry a $10,000 deductible. We are also responsible for legal expenses within our deductible levels for liability and workers’ compensation claims. We currently reserve the estimated probable loss for incurred but not yet paid claim amounts and expenses, and regularly evaluate and adjust our claim reserves to reflect actual experience. If the ultimate results differ from our estimates, we could incur costs in excess of reserved amounts. To cover claims and expense in excess of our deductible levels, we maintain insurance with insurance companies that we believe are financially sound. Although we believe our aggregate insurance limits are sufficient to cover reasonably expected claims, it is possible that one or more claims could exceed those limits. If the number or severity of claims within our deductible levels increases, or if we are required to accrue or pay additional amounts because the claims prove to be more severe than our original assessment, our operating results would be adversely affected.

 

If we have difficulty attracting and retaining agents and independent contractors, our consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

We rely extensively on the services of agents and independent contractors to provide our trucking services. We rely on a fleet of vehicles which are owned and operated by independent trucking contractors and on agents representing groups of trucking contractors to transport customers’ goods by truck. Although

 

19


Table of Contents

we believe our relationships with our agents and independent contractors are good, we may not be able to maintain our relationships with them. Contracts with agents and independent contractors are, in most cases, terminable upon short notice by either party. If an agent terminates its relationship with us, some customers and independent contractors with which such agent has a direct relationship may also terminate their relationship with us. We may have difficulty replacing our agents and independent contractors with equally qualified persons. We compete with transportation service companies and trucking companies for the services of agents and with trucking companies for the services of independent contractors and drivers. The pool of agents, contractors and drivers is limited, and therefore competition from other transportation service companies and trucking companies can increase the price we must pay to obtain services from agents, contractors and drivers. The industry is currently experiencing a shortage of independent contractors resulting in increased compensation expenses to us and our competitors who also rely on them. In addition, because independent contractors are not employees, they may not be as loyal to our company, requiring us to pay more to retain their services and to implement aggressive recruitment efforts to offset turnover. If we are unable to attract or retain agents and independent contractors or need to increase the amount paid for their services, our consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected and we could experience difficulty increasing our business volume. This adverse effect was seen in 2005 and 2006 as the cost of qualified driver acquisition and retention increased and negatively impacted our consolidated results of operations.

 

Our customers who are also competitors could transfer their business to their non-competitors and our suppliers who are also competitors could provide preferences to others, including their own competing operations, which in both cases would decrease our profitability.

 

As a result of our company operating in two distinct but related channels, we buy and sell transportation services from and to many companies with which we compete. For example, Hub Group, NYK Logistics and Alliance Shippers, three of the 10 largest customers of our Stacktrain operations, who accounted for 14% of the 2006 revenues of our intermodal segment operations, are also competitors. It is possible that these customers could transfer their business away from us to other companies with which they do not compete. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the profitability of our intermodal operations. In addition, rather than outsourcing their transportation logistics requirements to us, some of our customers could decide to provide these services internally, which could further adversely affect our business volumes and revenues.

 

Similarly, our Stacktrain business competes in some cases with the intermodal service offerings of our rail transportation providers and their affiliated equipment provider operations. For example, CSX Intermodal, one of our primary rail transportation providers, offers transcontinental and other services that compete with our Stacktrain services. Our rail transportation providers may provide preferences to their internal service offerings or to other customers that are not competitors. These preferences could have a material adverse effect on the profitability of our intermodal operations and on our ability to continue to provide efficient intermodal services to our customers.

 

We, our suppliers and our customers are subject to changes in government regulation which could result in additional costs and thereby affect our consolidated results of operations.

 

The transportation industry is subject to legislative and regulatory changes that can affect its economics. Although we primarily operate in the intermodal segment of the transportation industry, which has been essentially deregulated, changes in the levels of regulatory activity in the intermodal segment could potentially affect us and our suppliers and customers. Our trucking operations and those of the trucking companies and independent contractors whom we engage are subject to regulation by the DOT and various state and local agencies, which govern such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety, and insurance requirements. As an example, on January 4, 2004, revised DOT hours of service regulations became effective and after further regulatory and court action, were revised effective October 1, 2005. These revised regulations reduced the amount of time that drivers can spend driving. They may also affect our ability to make timely deliveries. Since the new regulations went into effect, we have endeavored to make appropriate pricing, operational and training adjustments to address the new regulations and mitigate their impact on our consolidated results of operations. While difficult to quantify, we believe that the new rules have negatively impacted our operating results due to the slight

 

20


Table of Contents

productivity decreases experienced by our drivers. If these changes increase the amounts charged by the trucking companies and independent contractors whom we engage to provide transportation for our customers, and we cannot pass the additional costs through to our customers, our consolidated operating results could continue to be adversely affected.

 

Future laws and regulations may be more stringent and require changes in our operating practices, influence the demand for our transportation services or require the outlay of significant additional costs. Additional expenditures incurred by us, or by our suppliers and passed on to us, could adversely affect our consolidated results of operations. For instance, in December 2006, the DOT issued proposed regulations mandated by the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act enacted in August 2005. The proposed regulations would regulate intermodal equipment providers like our Stacktrain division and require them to establish a systematic inspection, repair and maintenance program on chassis and to provide a means to effectively respond to driver and motor carrier reports about chassis defects and deficiencies. We are in the process of evaluating the impact of these proposed regulations and determining the potential cost and methods of compliance. While we are not able to quantify the impact at this time, we expect that compliance with these regulations, should they to go into effect without substantial revision, would likely increase our chassis maintenance and repair costs. Similarly, a recent ruling by the Surface Transportation Board found that the railroad’s practice of assessing fuel surcharges based on a percentage calculation of the base rate charged to the shipper was unreasonable. Although the ruling expressly does not apply to intermodal shipments, if the railroads change their methodology for assessing fuel surcharges on intermodal traffic to a per mile or other calculation, our Pacer Stacktrain and rail brokerage units may also change their fuel surcharge methodology. Such a change may adversely affect our revenues. Other potential effects are more difficult to quantify as we generally pass through fuel surcharges to our customers but may experience timing issues where we are unable to adjust charges to our customers to match fuel adjustments from our suppliers.

 

In addition, we have a substantial number of wholesale customers who provide ocean carriage of intermodal shipments. These wholesale customers and our own international freight forwarding operations are subject to regulation by the Federal Maritime Commission, U.S. Customs and other international, foreign, federal and state authorities. Regulatory changes in the ocean shipping or international freight forwarding industries could adversely affect our freight forwarding operations or have a material impact on the competitiveness or efficiency of operations of our various ocean carrier customers, which could adversely affect our business.

 

In addition, as a publicly-traded company, we are also affected by new and changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance and public disclosure, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, SEC rules and regulations and the NASDAQ Stock Market rules. Our efforts to comply with these evolving laws, regulations and standards have resulted in, and are likely to continue to result in, increased general and administrative expenses and a diversion of management time and attention from revenue-generating activities to compliance activities. During 2004, for instance, we paid our auditors and consultants approximately $4.1 million pre-tax ($0.07 per diluted share after tax) to comply with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. On-going costs of compliance in 2005 and 2006 paid to our auditors and consultants was approximately $1.8 million pre-tax ($0.03 per diluted share after tax) and $0.8 million pre-tax ($0.01 per diluted share after tax), respectively. In addition to the time and expense, these changing laws, regulations and standards impose other risks. For instance, while we have been able to determine in 2006 that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective, failure to maintain the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting, as such standards are modified, supplemented or amended from time to time, may prevent us and our auditors from concluding in the future that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective. Such a conclusion that our internal controls over financial reporting are not effective could adversely impact our reputation with investors and our stock price.

 

If we fail to comply with or lose any required licenses, governmental regulators could assess penalties against us or issue a cease and desist order against our operations which are not in compliance.

 

Our highway brokerage operation is licensed by the DOT as a broker in arranging for the transportation of general commodities by motor vehicle. The DOT has established requirements for acting in this capacity, including insurance and surety bond requirements. Our truck services and local cartage

 

21


Table of Contents

operations are regulated as motor carriers by the DOT and various state agencies, subjecting these operations to insurance, surety bond, safety and other regulatory requirements. Our international freight forwarding operation is licensed as an ocean transportation intermediary by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission. The Federal Maritime Commission regulates ocean freight forwarders and non-vessel operating common carriers like us that contract for space with the actual vessel operator and sell that space to commercial shippers and other non-vessel operating common carriers for freight originating or terminating in the United States. Non-vessel operating common carriers must publish and maintain tariffs for the movement of specified commodities into and out of the United States. The Federal Maritime Commission may enforce these regulations by instituting proceedings seeking the assessment of penalties for violations of these regulations. For ocean shipments not originating or terminating in the United States, the applicable regulations and licensing requirements typically are less stringent than in the United States. Our international freight forwarding operation is also licensed, regulated and subject to periodic audit as a customs broker by the Customs Service of the Department of Treasury in each United States customs district in which we do business. In other jurisdictions where we perform customs brokerage services, we are licensed, where necessary, by the appropriate governmental authority. Our failure to comply with the laws and regulations of any of these governmental regulators, and any resultant suspension or loss of our licenses, could result in penalties or a cease and desist order against any operations that are not in compliance. Such an occurrence would have an adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

 

Our debt levels may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities.

 

As of December 29, 2006, we have significantly reduced our long-term debt to $59.0 million. We have the ability to incur new debt, subject to limitations in our credit agreement. Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences to us, including the following:

 

  ·  

Payments on our indebtedness will reduce the funds that would otherwise be available for our operations and future business opportunities;

 

  ·  

A substantial decrease in our net operating cash flows could inhibit our ability to meet our debt service requirements and force us to modify our operations;

 

  ·  

We may be more highly leveraged than our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage;

 

  ·  

Our debt level may make us more vulnerable than our competitors to a downturn in our business or the economy generally;

 

  ·  

Our debt level reduces our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions;

 

  ·  

Our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired or such financing may not be available on favorable terms; and

 

  ·  

All of our debt has a variable rate of interest, which increases our vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations.

 

Our debt agreements contain operating and financial restrictions which may restrict our business and financing activities.

 

The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in our credit agreement and any future financing agreements could adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. In addition, our credit agreement restricts or limits our ability to: (1) redeem or repurchase capital stock; (2) prepay, redeem or purchase debt; (3) incur liens and engage in sale and leaseback transactions; (4) make loans and investments; (5) incur additional indebtedness;

 

22


Table of Contents

(6) amend or otherwise change debt and other material agreements; (7) make capital expenditures; (8) engage in mergers, acquisitions and asset sales; (9) enter into transactions with affiliates; and (10) change our primary business. Our credit facility also requires us to satisfy interest coverage and leverage ratios.

 

A breach of any of the restrictions, covenants, ratios or tests in our debt agreements could result in defaults under these agreements. A significant portion of our indebtedness then may become immediately due and payable. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. In addition, our obligations under our credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets.

 

We may not have sufficient cash to service our indebtedness.

 

Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend upon, among other things:

 

  ·  

Our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control; and

 

  ·  

The future availability of borrowings under our credit facility or any successor facility, the availability of which may depend on, among other things, our complying with certain covenants.

 

If our operating results and borrowings under our credit facility are not sufficient to service our current or future indebtedness, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing or delaying acquisitions, investments, strategic alliances or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our indebtedness, or seeking additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. There is no assurance that we can affect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms, or at all.

 

If we lose key personnel and qualified technical staff, our ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business will be weakened which could adversely affect our operating results and ability to grow our business.

 

We believe that the attraction and retention of qualified personnel is critical to our success. If we lose key personnel or are unable to recruit qualified personnel, our ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business will be adversely affected. Our operations and prospects depend in large part on the performance of our senior management team. The head of our Company since May 1999, Don Orris, recently announced his intention to retire by the end of March 2007, and in connection with his retirement, Tom Shurstad who has led our Stacktrain division since January 2002 was promoted to President and Mike Uremovich who has been Vice Chairman since October 2003 was promoted to Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. While we believe that the experience of these promoted executives will facilitate a smooth transition of the Company’s leadership and they will continue to build a strong management team, we may experience additional personnel changes during this transition period. The loss of the services of one or more members of our senior management team could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation, financial condition or cash flows. We face significant competition in attracting and retaining personnel who possess the skill sets that we seek. Because our senior management team has unique experience with our company and within the transportation industry, it would be difficult to replace them without adversely affecting our business operations. In addition to their unique experience, our management team has fostered key relationships with our suppliers and customers. Such relationships are especially important in a non-asset based company such as ours. Loss of these relationships could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.

 

We have an extensive relationship with APL Limited, and we depend on APL Limited for essential services. Our business and consolidated results of operations could be adversely affected if APL Limited failed or refused to provide such services or terminated the relationship.

 

Pursuant to long-term contracts that expire in May 2019, APL Limited, the former owner of our Stacktrain services business, supplies us with chassis from its equipment fleet for the transport of

 

23


Table of Contents

international freight on behalf of other international shippers. In addition, we transport APL Limited’s international cargo on our Stacktrain network to locations in the United States using chassis and equipment supplied by APL Limited. The additional volume attributable to the transport of APL Limited’s international cargo contributes to our ability to obtain favorable provisions in our rail contracts. APL Limited pays us a fee for repositioning its empty containers within North America so that the containers can be reused in trans-Pacific shipping operations. In addition, APL Limited is currently providing us with computers, software and other information technology services necessary for the operation of our Stacktrain business pursuant to a long-term contract that expires in May 2019. To replace the information technology services provided by APL Limited would require substantial resources and time. If any of our contracts with APL Limited were terminated or if APL Limited were unwilling or unable to fulfill its obligations to us under the terms of these contracts, our business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.

 

If we make future acquisitions, they may be financed in a way that reduces our reported earnings or imposes additional restrictions on our business.

 

If we make future acquisitions, we may issue shares of capital stock that dilute other stockholders, incur debt, assume significant liabilities or create additional expenses related to intangible assets, any of which might reduce our reported earnings or reduce earnings per share and cause our stock price to decline. In addition, any financing that we might need for future acquisitions may be available to us only on terms that restrict our business.

 

If we are unable to identify, make and successfully integrate acquisitions, our profitability could be adversely affected.

 

Identifying, acquiring and integrating businesses requires substantial management, financial and other resources and may pose risks with respect to customer service and market share. Further, acquisitions involve a number of special risks, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operation, financial condition and cash flows. These risks include:

 

  ·  

unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures;

 

  ·  

difficulties in assimilation of acquired personnel, operations and technologies;

 

  ·  

the need to manage a significantly larger and more geographically dispersed business;

 

  ·  

impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets;

 

  ·  

the cost of integrating and documenting the internal controls of the acquired business and potential material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

 

  ·  

diversion of management’s attention from ongoing development of our business or other business concerns;

 

  ·  

potential loss of customers;

 

  ·  

failure to retain key personnel of the acquired businesses; and

 

  ·  

the use of substantial amounts of our available cash.

 

We have acquired a number of businesses in the past and we may consider acquiring businesses in the future that provide complementary services to those we currently provide or that expand our geographic presence. We cannot predict whether we will be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or to acquire them on reasonable terms or at all, and a failure to do so could limit our ability to expand our business. While we believe that we have sufficient financial and management resources and experience to successfully conduct our acquisition activities and integrate the acquired businesses into our operations, our acquisition activities involve more difficult integration issues than those of many other companies because

 

24


Table of Contents

the value of the companies we acquire comes mostly from their business relationships, rather than their tangible assets. The integration of business relationships poses more of a risk than the integration of tangible assets because relationships may suddenly weaken or terminate, or key personnel responsible for those relationships may depart. Further, logistics businesses that we have acquired and that we may acquire in the future compete with many customers of our Stacktrain operations, and these customers may shift their business elsewhere if they believe our logistics operations receive favorable treatment from our Stacktrain operations. If we are unable to successfully integrate any business that we may acquire in the future, we could experience difficulties with customers, personnel or others, and our acquisitions might not enhance our competitive position, business or financial prospects.

 

As we expand our services internationally, we may become subject to international economic and political risks.

 

A portion of our business is providing services internationally. International revenues accounted for approximately 11% of our revenues in each of 2006 and 2005 and 10% in 2004. Doing business outside the United States subjects us to various risks, including changing economic and political conditions, major work stoppages, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, armed conflicts and unexpected changes in United States and foreign laws relating to tariffs, trade restrictions, transportation regulations, foreign investments and taxation. Significant expansion of our services in foreign countries will expose us to the increased effect of foreign currency fluctuations and exchange controls as well as longer accounts receivable payment cycles. We have no control over most of these risks and may be unable to anticipate changes in international economic and political conditions and, therefore, unable to alter our business practices in time to avoid the adverse effect of any of these changes.

 

Our operating results are subject to cyclical fluctuations and our quarterly revenues may also fluctuate, potentially affecting our stock price.

 

Historically, sectors of the transportation industry have been cyclical as a result of economic recession, customers’ business cycles, increases in prices charged by third-party carriers, interest rate fluctuations and other economic factors such as changes in fuel costs over which we have no control. Increased operating expenses incurred by third-party carriers can be expected to result in higher costs to us, and our net revenues and income from operations could be materially adversely affected if we were unable to pass through to our customers the full amount of increased transportation costs. We have a large number of customers in the automotive and consumer goods industries. If these customers experience cyclical movements in their business activity, due to an economic downturn, work stoppages or other factors over which we have no control, the volume of freight shipped by those customers may decrease and our operating results could be adversely affected. Any unexpected reduction in revenues for a particular quarter could cause our quarterly operating results to be below the expectations of public market analysts or stockholders. In this event, the trading price of our common stock may fall significantly.

 

A determination by regulators that our independent contractors are employees could expose us to various liabilities and additional costs and adversely affect our operating results.

 

From time to time, tax and other regulatory authorities have sought to assert that independent contractors in the trucking industry are employees, rather than independent contractors. In the future these authorities could be successful in asserting this position, or the interpretations and tax laws that consider these persons independent contractors could change. If our independent contractors are determined to be our employees, that determination could materially increase our exposure under a variety of federal and state tax, worker’s compensation, unemployment benefits, labor, employment and tort laws, as well as our potential liability for employee benefits. Our business model assumes that our independent contractors are not deemed to be our employees, and exposure to any of the above increased costs would impair our competitiveness in the industry and materially adversely affect our operating results.

 

If the markets in which we operate do not grow, our business could be adversely affected.

 

The failure of the transportation and logistics industries and their segments, including the third-party logistics market, to continue to grow may have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our common stock.

 

25


Table of Contents

Risks Related to Our Common Stock

 

Because we have various mechanisms in place to discourage takeover attempts, a change in control of our company that a stockholder may consider favorable could be prevented.

 

Provisions of our charter and bylaws or Tennessee law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions include:

 

  ·  

Authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our Board of Directors to increase the number of outstanding shares in order to thwart a takeover attempt;

 

  ·  

A classified Board of Directors with staggered, three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of the Board of Directors;

 

  ·  

Prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates;

 

  ·  

Requiring super-majority voting to effect particular amendments to our restated charter and amended bylaws;

 

  ·  

Limitations on who may call special meetings of stockholders;

 

  ·  

Requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders unless the stockholders unanimously agree to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;

 

  ·  

Establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to the Board of Directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; and

 

  ·  

Prohibiting business combinations with interested stockholders unless particular conditions are met.

 

As a result, these provisions could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. In addition, the Tennessee Greenmail Act and the Tennessee Control Share Acquisition Act may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company.

 

Should we not be able to declare and pay cash dividends as anticipated, our stock price could be negatively impacted.

 

During 2005, we completed an amendment to our credit agreement that increases the maximum aggregate cash dividends payable by us. During the third quarter of 2005 we declared and paid our first quarterly dividend of $0.15 per common share. During the fourth quarter of 2005, we declared our second quarterly dividend of $0.15 per common share and paid the dividend in January 2006. During 2006, we declared four quarterly dividends of $0.15 per common share each. The declaration of future dividends by the Company and the amount thereof is in the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, compliance with financial ratios and other limitations in our credit agreement, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. There is no assurance that we will be able to continue to pay dividends at all or at this level in the future.

 

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

 

None.

 

26


Table of Contents

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

We lease space in office buildings in Concord, California and Fort Worth, Texas for our Stacktrain operation, office space in Concord, California for our corporate headquarters and an office building in Dublin, Ohio for our PacerDirect and Pacer Global Logistics headquarters. We also lease space in office buildings in many other locations including Oakbrook, Illinois, Commerce, California, DeSoto, Texas, Jacksonville, Florida, Lake Success, New York, Memphis, Tennessee, and Orange, California. We lease four facilities in Los Angeles, California for dock space, warehousing and parking for tractors and trailers.

 

Our Stacktrain transportation network operates out of more than 75 railroad terminals across North America. Our integrated rail network, combined with our leased equipment fleet, enables us to provide our customers with single-company control over rail transportation to locations throughout North America.

 

Substantially all of the terminals we use are owned and managed by rail or highway carriers. However, we employ full-time personnel on-site at many major locations to ensure close coordination of the services provided at the facilities. In addition to these terminals, other locations throughout the eastern United States serve as stand-alone container depots, where empty containers can be picked up or dropped off, or supply points, where empty containers can be picked up only. In connection with our trucking services, agents provide marketing and sales, terminal facilities and driver recruiting, while an operations center provides, among other services, insurance, claims handling, safety compliance, credit, billing and collection and operating advances and payments to drivers and agents.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

The Company is subject to routine litigation arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which is expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, consolidated results of operations, financial condition or cash flows. Most of the lawsuits to which the Company is a party are covered by insurance and are being defended in cooperation with insurance carriers.

 

Two of our subsidiaries engaged in local cartage and harbor drayage operations, Interstate Consolidation, Inc., which was subsequently merged into Pacer Cartage, Inc., and Intermodal Container Service, Inc., were named defendants in a class action filed in July 1997 in the State of California, Los Angeles Superior Court, Central District (the “Albillo” case), alleging, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, unfair business practices, conversion and money had and received in connection with monies (including insurance premium costs) allegedly wrongfully deducted from truck drivers’ earnings. The plaintiffs and defendants entered into a Judge Pro Tempore Submission Agreement in October 1998, pursuant to which they waived their rights to a jury trial, stipulated to a certified class, and agreed to a minimum judgment of $250,000 and a maximum judgment of $1.75 million. In August 2000, the trial court ruled in our subsidiaries’ favor on all issues except one, namely that in 1998 our subsidiaries failed to issue to the owner-operators new certificates of insurance disclosing a change in the subsidiaries’ liability insurance retention amount, and ordered that restitution of $488,978 be paid for this omission. Plaintiffs’ counsel then appealed all issues except one (the independent contractor status of the drivers), and the subsidiaries appealed the insurance retention disclosure issue.

 

In December 2003, the appellate court affirmed the trial court’s decision as to all but one issue, reversed the trial court’s decision that the owner-operators could be charged for the workers compensation insurance coverage that they voluntarily elected to obtain through our subsidiaries (a case of first impression in California), and remanded back to the trial court the question of whether the collection of workers compensation insurance charges from the owner-operators violated California’s Business and Professions Code and, if so, to determine an appropriate remedy. Our subsidiaries sought review at the California Supreme Court of this workers compensation issue, and the plaintiffs sought review only of whether our subsidiaries’ providing insurance for the owner-operators constituted engaging in the insurance business without a license under California law. In March 2004, the Supreme Court of California denied both parties’ petitions for appeal, thus ending all further appellate review.

 

27


Table of Contents

As a result, we had successfully defended and prevailed over the plaintiffs’ challenges to our subsidiaries’ core operating practices, establishing that (i) the owner-operators were independent contractors and not employees of our subsidiaries and (ii) our subsidiaries may charge the owner-operators for liability insurance coverage purchased by our subsidiaries. Following the California Supreme Court’s decision, the only remaining issue was whether our subsidiaries’ collection of workers compensation insurance charges from the owner-operators violated California’s Business and Professions Code and, if so, what restitution, if any, should be paid to the owner-operator class. This issue was remanded back to the same trial court that heard the original case in 1998.

 

During the second quarter of 2005, the Company engaged in earnest discussions with the plaintiffs in an attempt to structure a potential settlement of the case within the original $1.75 million cap but on a claims-made basis that would return to the Company any settlement funds not claimed by members of the plaintiff class. The Company believed that the ongoing cost of litigating the final issue in the case (including defending appeals that the plaintiffs’ counsel had assured would occur if the Company were to prevail in the remand trial) would exceed the net liability to the Company of a final settlement on a claims-made basis within the cap of $1.75 million. During the second quarter, the Company reached an agreement in principle with the plaintiffs to settle the litigation on a claims-made basis within the cap of $1.75 million. Based on the settlement agreement, the Company increased its reserve to the full amount of the $1.75 million cap at the end of the second quarter. In the first quarter of 2006, the court granted final approval to the settlement. The claims process, payment calculations and final settlement payments were concluded in the second quarter of 2006, with the company retaining approximately $560,000 in unclaimed funds.

 

The same law firm that brought the Albillo case filed a separate class action lawsuit against our same subsidiaries in March 2003 in the same jurisdiction on behalf of a class of owner-operators (the “Renteria” class action) not included in the Albillo class. Each of the claims in the Renteria case, which had been stayed pending full and final disposition of the remaining issue in Albillo, mirror claims in Albillo, specifically that our subsidiaries’ providing insurance for their owner-operators constitutes engaging in the insurance business without a license in violation of California law and that charging the putative class of owner-operators in Renteria for workers compensation insurance that they elected to obtain through our subsidiaries violated California’s Business and Professions Code. We believe that the final disposition in our favor of the insurance issue in Albillo precludes the plaintiffs from re-litigating this issue in Renteria, and we have filed a motion for summary adjudication on this issue, which will be heard by the court in March 2007. The Renteria case is currently in the discovery phase, with a trial presently set for August 2007. Based on the final ruling in Albillo on the insurance issue and other information presently available, and in light of our legal and other defenses on the insurance issue and the workers compensation related claim, management does not expect the Renteria case to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

The Company’s wholly owned subsidiary, Pacific Motor Transport Company d/b/a Pacer Transport, was a defendant in a personal injury action filed in May 1997 in Upshur County, East Texas, Dicks v. Pacific Motor Transport Company, which arose out of a 1996 motor vehicle incident. The jury found Pacer Transport liable and awarded damages to the plaintiff in the amount of $607,000. At trial, the jury did not find any negligence on the part of the plaintiff, who was riding in an elevated position in the back of a speeding pickup truck and was thrown from the bed when the pick-up truck allegedly swerved to avoid Pacer Transport’s truck as it pulled out into the roadway. The trial judge refused to set aside the jury’s finding that the plaintiff himself was not negligent in any way. We contended that this finding was incorrect under Texas law in circumstances where a plaintiff’s own conduct contributes to or causes his own accident and injuries. We appealed to the Twelfth Texas Court of Appeals at Tyler; in early 2005, however, the appellate court refused to reverse the trial court. We then appealed to the Texas Supreme Court, which ordered a full briefing that was completed in the first quarter of 2005. As of December 30, 2005, the original judgment plus pre- and post-judgment interest amounted to approximately $1.3 million, which had been accrued in accounts payable and other accrued liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet as of that date. The Supreme Court ultimately denied our appeal and subsequent motion for rehearing, which resulted in the original trial court verdict becoming final and the full amount of the Dicks judgment plus interest and costs was paid in the first quarter of this year.

 

28


Table of Contents

In November 2001, our subsidiary instituted a related case, Pacific Motor Transport Company v. Lockton Companies, Inc., Lockton Risk Services, Inc., and Cambridge Integrated Services Group, Inc., in which we sought to hold an insurance broker, the insurer’s managing general agent, and a claims administrator responsible for our losses in the Dicks case due to their mishandling of our subsidiary’s claim for insurance coverage. At the time of the incident, we maintained a comprehensive insurance program consisting of primary insurance and excess insurance that covered the Dicks claim subject to a $250,000 deductible. At the conclusion of the Dicks trial, however, the insurer’s agent “reserved rights” and refused to acknowledge any responsibility for losses above $250,000. Our subsidiary sued the insurer, the various Lockton entities and Cambridge. The insurer was subsequently placed into receivership in Pennsylvania and has since gone out of business. In the fourth quarter of 2006, this case was fully settled for an aggregate payment to our subsidiary of $1,750,000.

 

Our subsidiary, Pacer Global Logistics, Inc., through its Supply Chain Service Division (“PGL”), was party to a Logistics Services Agreement with Del Monte Corporation (“Del Monte”) dated March 4, 2005. During 2006, PGL served two separate notices of dispute on Del Monte initiating the agreement’s mandatory dispute resolution process regarding PGL’s right to terminate the agreement due to Del Monte’s material breach and failure to perform certain obligations under the agreement and regarding PGL’s claims for payment from Del Monte of up to $15.7 million in transportation costs incurred by PGL to provide truckload service for Del Monte under the agreement, which has been accrued on PGL’s books and records and for monetary damages for Del Monte’s material breach and failure to perform certain obligations under the agreement. Without first following the agreement’s mandated dispute resolution procedures, Del Monte filed a notice of arbitration with the American Arbitration Association (“AAA”) seeking a determination that it owes PGL no additional payments under the agreement and seeking damages from PGL in the amount of $40,000,000 for PGL’s alleged breach of contract. Del Monte’s notice did not articulate any basis for its claims. In late March 2006, Del Monte informed PGL that Del Monte would cease using PGL for third party logistics services under the agreement effective May 2006. PGL continues to provide some rail brokerage and highway brokerage services to Del Monte under separate contracts.

 

After exhausting the agreement’s dispute resolution procedures, PGL then elected to arbitrate its claims against Del Monte before the AAA as provided in the agreement. The separate arbitration cases were consolidated, and after completion of discovery in the third quarter of 2006 Del Monte reduced its claimed damages for PGL’s alleged breach from the original $40 million to $11.4 million. In December 2006, a full hearing was conducted before the arbitrator, and at the conclusion of the hearing the arbitrator requested post-hearing briefs and a final oral argument. Following the hearing, Del Monte dropped its breach of contract claims against PGL, so that the only remaining issues in the case are PGL’s claims for Del Monte’s breach of contract and related money damages and for up to $15.7 million in moneys due and owing from Del Monte for services provided by PGL under the agreement. Del Monte contends that it is only obligated to pay PGL an additional $48,000 for services rendered under the agreement. Based on the evidence presented in the December 2006 hearing and on the post-hearing briefs and oral arguments presented by the parties, we believe that PGL has presented valid and meritorious arguments for collection of all moneys claimed to be due and owing to it under the agreement and for its claimed breach of contract damages, but we cannot provide any assessment of the probable outcome of the arbitration at this time. We presently expect the arbitrator’s decision in the first quarter of 2007.

 

29


Table of Contents

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers.

 

Name

       

Title

Michael E. Uremovich    63    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Jeffrey R. Brashares    54    Vice Chairman, Commercial Sales
Brian C. Kane    51    Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer – Intermodal Segment
Michael F. Killea    45    Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel
Alex M. Munn    58    Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer – Logistics Segment
Donald C. Orris    65    Vice Chairman
C. Thomas Shurstad    60    President
C. William Smith    60    Executive Vice President, Human Resources
Lawrence C. Yarberry    64    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial and Accounting Officer

 

Michael E. Uremovich has served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of our company since November 2006. He served as Vice Chairman of our company from October 2003 until his promotion to Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Uremovich served as a consultant to our company from 1998 until October 2003. From 1991 until 1995, Mr. Uremovich was the Vice President of Marketing for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Prior to Southern Pacific Railroad, Mr. Uremovich held a variety of positions at American President Companies, including Vice President of Marketing and Logistics Services.

 

Jeffrey R. Brashares has served as Vice Chairman of Commercial Sales since January 2005. From December 2000 to December 2004, he served as President of Transportation Services of Pacer Global Logistics, Inc. From 1984 until its acquisition by our company in December 2000, Mr. Brashares was an owner and served as President of Rail Van, Inc. Mr. Brashares joined Rail Van, Inc. as Regional Sales Manager in 1976.

 

Brian C. Kane has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of our Intermodal segment since October 2006. Mr. Kane served as Vice President and Corporate Controller of our company from November 2003 until October 2006. Mr. Kane served as Vice President and Controller of Pacer Stacktrain from May 1999 until November 2003 and prior to that as Director of Financial Reporting from May 1998 until May 1999. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Kane was Vice President of Finance for the Shell Martinez Refining Company from November 1996 until May 1998 and Controller for Southern Pacific Transportation Company from April 1990 until November 1996.

 

Michael F. Killea has served as Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and General Counsel of our company since August 2001. From October 1999 through July 2001, he was a partner at the law firm of Holland & Knight LLP in New York City and Jacksonville, Florida, and from September 1987 through September 1999, he was a partner and an associate at the law firm of O’Sullivan LLP (now O’Melveny & Myers LLP) in New York City.

 

Alex M. Munn has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of our Logistics segment since February 2005. From August 2002 until January 2005, Mr. Munn served as Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer of our company. Mr. Munn joined our company in May 2002 as the Chief Information Officer of Pacer Global Logistics, Inc. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Munn was the Vice President of Business Systems for The Coca-Cola Company’s North American Division from 2000 to 2002 and Director of Business Information and Planning, Global Procurement & Trading of The Coca-Cola Company, Inc. from 1996 to 2000.

 

Donald C. Orris has served as Vice Chairman of our company since November 2006. He served as our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from May 1999 until November 2006 and as President from May 1999 to June 2006. From its inception in March 1997 until May 1999, Mr. Orris served as Chairman,

 

30


Table of Contents

President and Chief Executive Officer of Pacer Logistics, Inc., which was merged into our company in May 2003. From January 1995 to September 1996, Mr. Orris served as President and Chief Operating Officer, and from 1990 until January 1995, he served as an Executive Vice President, of Southern Pacific Transportation Company. Mr. Orris is also a director of Quality Distribution, Inc., a provider of bulk transportation services.

 

C. Thomas Shurstad has served as President of Pacer International, Inc. since June 2006 with executive responsibility for the company’s business units focused on intermodal transportation. Prior to this role, he served as President of Pacer Stacktrain from January 2002 to May 2006, with executive responsibility for our former wholesale segment operations. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Shurstad was the President of The Belt Railway Company of Chicago from 1998 through December 2001. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Shurstad was the Chief Operating Officer of the Malayan Railway, and from 1995 to 1997 he was the President of the Terminal Railroad of St. Louis.

 

C. William Smith has served as Executive Vice President, Human Resources of our company since August 2002. Mr. Smith also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Pacer Global Logistics from December 2000 to August 2002. Mr. Smith was Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Rail Van, Inc. from February 1992 until its acquisition by Pacer in December 2000.

 

Lawrence C. Yarberry has served as Executive Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of our company from May 1999 until October 2006. With the promotion of Mr. Kane, Mr. Yarberry reassumed the additional role of principal accounting officer of the company in October 2006. Mr. Yarberry served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of a predecessor company from May 1998 until May 1999 and as a consultant to that predecessor company from February 1998 until April 1998. From April 1990 until December 1997, Mr. Yarberry served as a Vice President of Finance of Southern Pacific Transportation Company and was Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Southern Pacific Rail Corporation.

 

There is no family relationship between any of our executive officers or directors, and there are no arrangements or understandings between any of our executive officers or directors and any other person pursuant to which any of them was appointed or elected as an officer or director, other than arrangements or understandings with our directors or officers acting solely in their capacities as such.

 

31


Table of Contents

Part II.

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is listed and traded on The NASDAQ Stock Market’s Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “PACR”.

 

The following table sets forth, for the Company’s two most recent fiscal years, the per share range of high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported on NASDAQ and dividends declared.

 

     High    Low    Cash Dividends
Declared

2006

        

1st quarter

   $ 33.80    $ 24.63    $ 0.15

2nd quarter

   $ 36.19    $ 27.65    $ 0.15

3rd quarter

   $ 33.60    $ 25.60    $ 0.15

4th quarter

   $ 31.95    $ 26.39    $ 0.15

2005

        

1st quarter

   $ 27.17    $ 18.58      -

2nd quarter

   $ 24.48    $ 20.05      -

3rd quarter

   $ 27.32    $ 22.04    $ 0.15

4th quarter

   $ 27.67    $ 23.90    $ 0.15

 

As of January 31, 2007 there were approximately 31 record holders of our common stock.

 

Dividend Policy

 

During the third quarter of 2005, our Board of Directors instituted a quarterly dividend policy of $0.15 per common share ($0.60 per common share per annum) to enhance shareholder value and return profits to stockholders. In September 2005, the first quarterly dividend of $0.15 per common share was declared by our Board of Directors, and for each quarter since that time, the $0.15 per share quarterly dividend has been declared and paid. The declaration of future dividends and the amount thereof is in the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our consolidated results of operations, financial condition, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. In addition, our credit agreement imposes restrictions on our ability to pay dividends, including that no event of default has occurred, the leverage ratio and other financial covenants are met and the aggregate amount of all dividends declared does not exceed $40 million plus 50% of our cumulative consolidated net income (as defined in the agreement) since December 27, 2003 (the first day of our fiscal 2004).

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Information concerning our equity compensation plans is shown under “Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

 

None.

 

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

 

On June 12, 2006, we announced that our Board of Directors had authorized the purchase of up to $60 million of its common stock. The authorization expires on June 15, 2008. We repurchased a total of 965,818 shares at an average price of $27.72 per share through December 29, 2006, although no shares were purchased during the fourth quarter of 2006. At December 29, 2006, up to $33.2 million may be purchased under the foregoing authorization. We intend to make further share repurchases from time to time as market conditions warrant.

 

32


Table of Contents

Performance Graph*

 

The following graph depicts a comparison of cumulative total shareholder returns for Pacer as compared to the NASDAQ Transportation Index and the NASDAQ Composite Index. The graph assumes the investment of $100 on June 12, 2002 (the date Pacer International stock began trading on the NASDAQ Stock Market) through December 29, 2006. The Performance Graph assumes reinvestment of dividends, where applicable.

 

LOGO

 

     IPO    Dec-02    Dec-03    Dec-04    Dec-05    Dec-06

Pacer International

   $ 100    $ 89    $ 136    $ 142    $ 175    $ 202

NASDAQ Composite

   $ 100    $ 88    $ 130    $ 143    $ 145    $ 159

NASDAQ Transportation .

   $ 100    $ 92    $ 125    $ 158    $ 173    $ 184

 

*The performance graph is not “soliciting material,” is not deemed “filed” with the SEC, and is not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of our company under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date hereof and irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

 

33


Table of Contents

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following table presents, as of the dates and for the periods indicated, selected historical financial information for our company as discussed below. The selected historical information at December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005 and for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2006, December 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004 have been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The selected historical information at December 31, 2004, December, 26, 2003 and December 27, 2002 and for the fiscal years ended December 26, 2003 and December 27, 2002 have been derived from our audited financial statements which are not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The following table should also be read in conjunction with “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

     Fiscal Year Ended  
     Dec. 29,
2006
    Dec. 30,
2005
    Dec. 31,
2004
    Dec. 26,
2003
   

Dec. 27,

2002

 
     (in millions, except share and per share amounts)  

Statements of Operations Data:

          

Revenues

   $ 1,887.8     $ 1,860.1     $ 1,808.1     $ 1,668.6     $ 1,608.2  

Cost of purchased transportation and services

     1,446.4       1,428.6       1,413.1       1,293.7       1,257.0  

Direct operating expenses (excluding depreciation)

     123.1       115.4       110.7       106.9       106.7  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

     193.0       204.8       190.6       180.9       160.3  

Write-off of computer software

     -       11.3   1/     -       -       -  

Depreciation and amortization

     7.0       6.9       7.2       7.9       10.1  

Income from operations

     118.3       93.1       86.5       79.2       74.1  

Net income

     68.3       50.9       47.2       31.3       24.8  

Net income per share:

          

Basic

   $ 1.83     $ 1.36     $ 1.27     $ 0.85     $ 0.81  

Diluted

   $ 1.80     $ 1.34     $ 1.24     $ 0.82     $ 0.74  

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

          

Basic

     37,354,785       37,381,647       37,257,076       37,003,785       30,575,940  

Diluted

     38,020,862       38,042,454       38,140,409       37,988,697       33,373,752  

Cash dividends declared per common share

   $ 0.60     $ 0.30     $ -     $ -     $ -  

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):

          

Total assets

   $ 565.3     $ 590.2     $ 605.5     $ 594.5     $ 618.4  

Total debt including capital leases

     59.0       90.0       154.1       214.1       256.6  

Total stockholders’ equity

     337.1       306.7       264.5       216.1       180.7  

Working capital

     64.3       55.0       61.7       58.7       36.5  

Cash Flow Data:

          

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 63.6     $ 100.9     $ 44.4     $ 60.2     $ 29.1  

Net cash used in investing activities

     (3.5 )     (5.0 )     (4.3 )     (3.2 )     (7.8 )

Net cash used in financing activities

     (69.0 )     (86.5 )     (40.7 )     (57.7 )     (20.9 )

Other Financial Data:

          

Capital expenditures

   $ 3.7     $ 5.3     $ 4.6     $ 3.4     $ 8.7  

 

1/ Based upon the completed evaluation of software development work in our Stacktrain division that had been performed by a developer, we determined to abandon the software and to write-off all $11.3 million of capitalized costs. See Note 8 to the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

 

34


Table of Contents

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Overview

 

We are a leading non-asset based North American third-party logistics provider offering a broad array of services to facilitate the movement of freight from origin to destination. We operate in two segments, the intermodal segment and the logistics segment. The intermodal segment comprises the former wholesale segment units, Pacer Cartage and Pacer Stacktrain, with the addition of the rail brokerage unit. The logistics segment comprises all of the former retail units except the rail brokerage unit which is now part of the intermodal segment. See Note 7 to the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for segment information. Our intermodal segment provides intermodal rail transportation, local cartage and intermodal marketing services. Our logistics segment provides non-intermodal highway brokerage and truck services, warehousing and distribution, international freight forwarding and supply chain management services.

 

Executive Summary

 

This year was a year of change for Pacer. Michael E. Uremovich was named the Company’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, in connection with the announcement by Donald C. Orris of his plans to retire as of March 31, 2007. From a financial reporting perspective, we moved our rail brokerage unit from our former retail segment (now our logistics segment) into our former wholesale segment (now our intermodal segment) to enhance management focus on our core intermodal product. The new intermodal segment has its own chief operating officer as does the new logistics segment.

 

Our financial performance remains strong; we exceeded $63 million in operating cash flows and repurchased $26.8 million of our common stock under a stock buyback program approved during the year. As shown in the table below, our results for 2006 continued to improve over prior years, primarily as a result of strength in our intermodal segment operations. In addition, since December 29, 2000, we have reduced our long-term debt by $346.4 million to a balance of $59.0 million at December 29, 2006 using a combination of stock offering proceeds in 2002, and cash flows from operations in all years. In 2006, we reduced our long-term debt by $31.0 million and paid $22.5 million in dividends. Our interest expense, net has declined dramatically over the last few years and is expected to be approximately $5.5 million in 2007, assuming no significant increases in debt or interest rates.

 

     2006    2005    2004    2003    2002
     (in millions, except per share amounts)

Revenues

   $ 1,887.8    $ 1,860.1    $ 1,808.1    $ 1,668.6    $ 1,608.2

Income from operations

     118.3      93.1      86.5      79.2      74.1

Interest expense, net

     6.6      8.2      9.6      18.0      31.7

Net income

     68.3      50.9      47.2      31.3      24.8

Diluted EPS

   $ 1.80    $ 1.34    $ 1.24    $ 0.82    $ 0.74

 

During 2006, our intermodal segment operations continued their strong performance, contributing $132.6 million of income from operations for the year compared to $109.5 million in 2005 which included the $11.3 million write-off of computer software development costs. Contributing to the intermodal segment performance was a substantial amount of business driven to our intermodal product by our logistics segment. Two of our three Stacktrain lines of business showed volume improvements over 2005: automotive volumes were up 9.6% in 2006 compared to 2005 and international volumes increased 44.6% in 2006 compared to 2005. Our Stacktrain domestic volumes were 4.5% below 2005 levels due primarily to reduced avoided repositioning cost “ARC” volumes (the incremental volume to Pacer for moving international containers in domestic service), a route cancellation and a less than anticipated peak shipping season during the fourth quarter of 2006. This also impacted our rail brokerage operations which reported revenues 4.5% below the 2005 level due to reduced intermodal volumes. Revenues from our cartage operations increased 11.0% for 2006 with growth from all operating regions and the addition of two new terminals. Our logistics segment contributed $1.6 million in income from operations for 2006, $3.8 million below 2005. Each unit within the logistics segment fell short of 2005 results with the exception of the international unit which improved income from operations by 41.3% over 2005.

 

35


Table of Contents

Our fourth quarter 2006 intermodal segment income from operations was less than anticipated, and $6.0 million below the fourth quarter of 2005. Most of this shortfall was reflected in our Stacktrain unit where we felt the effects of the sluggishness in domestic intermodal volumes as a result of the less than robust peak shipping season, and both our Stacktrain and rail brokerage units experienced reduced margins due primarily to business mix. In addition, Stacktrain ARC revenues and container per diem revenues for the fourth quarter were a combined $4.0 million below that of the fourth quarter of 2005, while local dray and empty repositioning costs combined for a $2.3 million increase compared to the fourth quarter of 2005.

 

Our tax loss carryforwards for federal income tax purposes were fully used in 2004, and resulted in our tax payments increasing to $37.4 million in 2006 from $24.6 million in 2005. We expect tax payments to be approximately $40 million in 2007.

 

Compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was a major focus for the company beginning in 2004 and continued to be a focus in 2005 and 2006. In order to effectively document and test our internal controls over financial reporting, we engaged the services of outside consultants to assist our employees in accomplishing that task. In addition, our external auditors have spent significant time in reviewing and testing our control structure over financial reporting. We paid our auditors and consultants $0.8 million ($0.01 per diluted share after tax) in 2006, $1.8 million pre-tax ($0.03 per diluted share after tax) in 2005 and approximately $4.1 million pre-tax ($0.07 per diluted share after tax) in 2004 related to this effort. We expect that external costs for continued compliance, including costs of our external auditors, will be approximately $0.5 million to $1 million annually.

 

We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (Revised 2004) “Share-Based Payment” effective December 31, 2005 the first day of our 2006 fiscal year. This statement requires us to expense our common stock option awards over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. During 2006, we expensed $1.5 million ($0.02 per diluted share after tax) for option expense. We anticipate that the charge in 2007 for option expense will also be approximately $1.5 million. In addition, our board of directors adopted during 2006 the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan which is subject to shareholder approval at our May 2007 annual meeting, and approved restricted stock awards, vesting in equal installments over four years beginning on June 1, 2007, under this new plan. If the shareholders approve the 2006 Long-Term Incentive Plan, the expense to be recorded in 2007 for the restricted stock awards granted under the new plan is estimated to be approximately $2.0 million.

 

In 2007, our emphasis will be on our core intermodal product including the continuing development of our PacerDirect service, our door-to-door one touch transportation service offered to intermodal marketing companies, truck brokers, truckload carriers and other transportation intermediaries. The full U.S. commercial launch of PacerDirect service is planned for later in 2007. Our sales forces will focus on sales that improve the profitability of the company as a whole including both the intermodal and logistics segments. During 2006, our Stacktrain unit increased our container fleet by 1.2% from 2005, and we will continue to increase our equipment fleet during 2007 as necessary to handle intermodal volumes.

 

Overall gross margins in 2007 (calculated as revenues less cost of purchased transportation and services divided by revenues) are expected to decline slightly to 22.3% from 23.4% in 2006. The gross margin for our Stacktrain operations is expected to decline slightly due primarily to changes in business mix. We plan to continue to take selective rate increases where feasible, although these will be partially offset by increased costs charged by our underlying service providers. Our logistics segment gross margin is expected to remain flat in 2007.

 

Our baseline capital budget in 2007 is $5.0 million and includes projects to enhance operating efficiency, security and growth, reduce costs and for normal computer replacement items. Capital expenditures in 2007 will be funded by operating cash flows.

 

Actual results may differ materially from the estimates, expectations and projections described above. Some of the factors that could affect these estimates and expectations are described above under the caption “Item 1A. Risk Factors – Risks Related to Our Business” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

36


Table of Contents

For 2007, we will focus on the normal business objectives including revenue growth, profitability, cost containment, equipment utilization and margin improvement, as well as maximizing customer satisfaction. In addition, we plan to continue our focus on safety and driver recruitment and retention as these are key drivers for profitability overall, and particularly in our logistics segment.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. Management believes the following critical accounting policies affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

 

  ·  

Recognition of Revenue

 

       We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We maintain signed contracts with many of our customers and have bills of lading specifying shipment details including the rates charged for our services. Our Stacktrain operation recognizes revenue for loads that are in transit at the end of an accounting period on a percentage-of-completion basis. Revenue is recorded for the portion of the transit that has been completed because reasonably dependable estimates of the transit status of loads is available in our computer systems. In addition, our Stacktrain operation offers volume discounts based on annual volume thresholds. We estimate our customers’ annual shipments throughout the year and record a reduction to revenue accordingly. Should our customers’ annual volume vary significantly from our estimates, a revision to revenue for volume discounts would be required. During 2006, our total volume discounts (excluding discounts for our own rail brokerage operations) were $12.8 million. Our intermodal segment cartage and rail brokerage operations and our logistics segment recognize revenue after services have been completed. The following table illustrates volume discounts as a percentage of intermodal segment revenues for 2006, 2005 and 2004 (in millions, except percentages):

 

     2006     2005     2004  

Intermodal segment revenues

   $ 1,491.7     $ 1,402.6     $ 1,340.4  

Total volume discounts

     12.8       16.3       15.0  

Volume discounts as a percentage of intermodal segment revenues

     0.9 %     1.2 %     1.1 %

 

       Based on our results for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006, a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates of volume discounts would have resulted in an increase or decrease in revenues of approximately $3 to $4 million. The following analysis demonstrates the potential effect that a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have had on our consolidated results of operations and is not intended to provide an estimated range of exposure or expected deviation (in millions, except per share data):

 

     -25
Basis Points
   Management’s
2006 Estimate
   +25
Basis Points

Total volume discounts

   $ 9.7    $ 12.8    $ 17.2

Income from operations

     121.4      118.3      113.9

Net income

     70.3      68.3      65.7

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 1.85    $ 1.80    $ 1.73

 

37


Table of Contents
  ·  

Recognition of Cost of Purchased Transportation and Services

 

       Both our intermodal and logistics segments estimate the cost of purchased transportation and services and accrue an amount on a load by load basis in a manner that is consistent with revenue recognition. In addition, our rail brokerage operations may earn discounts to the cost of purchased transportation and services that are primarily based on the annual volume of loads transported over major railroads. We estimate our annual volume throughout the year and record a reduction to cost of purchased transportation accordingly. Should our annual volume vary significantly from our estimates, a revision to the cost of purchased transportation would be required. Total discounts earned (excluding discounts earned from our Stacktrain operations) for 2006, 2005 and 2004 were none, $0.8 million and $4.7 million, respectively. All discounts earned in 2006 ($10.4 million) were earned from our Stacktrain operation and were eliminated in consolidation to the intermodal segment.

 

  ·  

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

       We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Estimates are used in determining this allowance based on our historical collection experience, current trends, credit policy and a percentage of our accounts receivable by aging category. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances could be required. The following table illustrates the allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of accounts receivable for 2006, 2005 and 2004 (in millions, except percentages):

 

     2006     2005     2004  

Accounts receivable

   $ 215.7     $ 225.7     $ 236.0  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     5.3       6.4       3.9  

Allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of accounts receivable

     2.46 %     2.84 %     1.65 %

 

       Historically, our actual losses have been within the estimated allowances. However, unexpected or significant future events or changes in trends could result in a material impact to future consolidated results of operations. For example, during 2006 our allowance for doubtful accounts declined from the 2005 level due to an increased number of customer bankruptcies during 2005. In 2004, our year-end accounts receivable balance was abnormally high resulting in a lower ratio of allowance for doubtful accounts to accounts receivable. Based on our results for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006, a 25 percent deviation from our estimates would have resulted in an increase or decrease in expense of approximately $1.3 million. The following analysis demonstrates the potential effect that a 25 percent deviation from our estimates would have had on our consolidated results of operations and is not intended to provide an estimated range of exposure or expected deviation (in millions, except per share data):

 

     -25
Percent
   Management’s
2006 Estimate
   +25
Percent

Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ 4.0    $ 5.3    $ 6.6

Income from operations

     119.6      118.3      117.0

Net income

     69.2      68.3      67.6

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 1.82    $ 1.80    $ 1.78

 

  ·  

Deferred Tax Assets

 

       At December 29, 2006, we have recorded net deferred tax assets of $3.9 million and have not recorded a valuation reserve as we believe that future earnings will more likely than not be sufficient to fully utilize the assets. The minimum amount of future taxable income required to realize this asset is $10.1 million. Should we not be able to generate this future income, we would be required to record valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expense in our consolidated statement of operations.

 

38


Table of Contents
  ·  

Goodwill

 

       At December 29, 2006, we had recorded $288.3 million of goodwill, net of amortization, prior to the adoption on December 29, 2001 (the first day of our fiscal 2002) of the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (“SFAS 142”). The carrying amount of goodwill at December 29, 2006 assigned to our intermodal and logistics segments was $169.0 million and $119.3 million, respectively. Goodwill and other intangible assets are subject to periodic testing, at least annually, for impairment and recognition of impairment losses in the future could be required based on the methodology for measuring impairments described below. SFAS 142 requires a two-step method for determining goodwill impairments where step one is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with the unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill. If this test indicates that the fair value is less than the carrying value, then step two is required to compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. We determine the fair value of the reporting units using an income approach based on the present value of estimated future cash flows, and a market approach based on market price data of stocks of corporations engaged in similar businesses. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess and charged to operations.

 

       We base our fair value estimates on assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. Our 2006 annual goodwill impairment analysis, which was performed during the first fiscal quarter of 2007, did not result in an impairment charge. The excess of fair value over carrying value for our intermodal and logistics segments as of December 29, 2006, the annual testing date, was in excess of $1.1 billion and approximately $23 million, respectively. In order to evaluate the sensitivity of the fair value calculations on the goodwill impairment test, we applied a hypothetical 5% decrease to the fair values of each reporting unit. This hypothetical 5% decrease would result in excess fair value over carrying value for our intermodal and logistics segments of $1.0 billion and approximately $15 million, respectively.

 

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

From time to time in press releases regarding quarterly earnings, presentations and other communications, we may provide financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. Recent non-GAAP financial measures have presented financial information excluding our write-off in 2005 of software development costs, a non-cash charge. Management uses this non-GAAP measure in its analysis of the company’s performance and regularly reports such information to our Board of Directors. Management believes that presentations of financial measures excluding the impact of this item provides useful supplemental information that is essential to a proper understanding of the operating results of our core businesses and allows investors, management and our Board of Directors to more easily compare operating results from period to period. However, the use of any such non-GAAP financial information should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income, cash flows from operations or other income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with GAAP or as a measure of our profitability or liquidity.

 

Background

 

Our intermodal segment’s Stacktrain operation’s fiscal year ends on the last Friday in December and the intermodal segment’s local cartage and rail brokerage operations’ fiscal year and our logistics segment’s fiscal year end on the last day in December. The following section describes some of our revenue and expense categories and is provided to facilitate investors’ understanding of the discussion of our historical financial results, including these revenue and expense items, discussed under the caption “Results of Operations.”

 

39


Table of Contents

Revenues

 

The intermodal segment’s revenues from Stacktrain operations are generated through rates, fuel surcharges and other fees charged to customers for the transportation of freight utilizing the rail transportation services that we purchase from rail carriers under our long-term and other operating agreements with North American railroads. The growth of these revenues is primarily driven by increases in volume of freight shipped and rate changes on a route-by-route basis. The average rate is impacted by product mix, rail routes utilized, fuel surcharge and market conditions. Also included in revenues are railcar rental income, container per diem charges and incentives paid by APL Limited and others for the repositioning of empty containers with domestic westbound loads. Revenues are reported net of volume discounts provided to customers. Our intermodal segment Stacktrain operation generates revenues from three lines of business: international (shipments tendered by ocean shipping companies), automotive (shipments tendered by intermediaries arranging transportation for automotive manufacturers and parts suppliers) and third party domestic (shipments tendered by intermodal marketing companies for shippers within North America). Growth in the intermodal segment’s revenues from local cartage operations, which primarily support our Stacktrain operations and intermodal marketing companies (including our rail brokerage unit) through the use of independent owner-operators, is driven primarily by increased volume as well as length of haul and the rates charged to the customer. Our rail brokerage unit generates revenues through intermodal marketing which involves arranging the movement of freight in containers and trailers utilizing truck and rail transportation. Increases in revenues from intermodal marketing are generated from increased volumes, rate increases, product mix and route changes.

 

The logistics segment’s revenues are generated through rates and other fees charged for our portfolio of freight transportation services, including highway brokerage and truck services, warehousing and distribution, international freight forwarding and supply chain management services. Overall growth in revenues for the logistics segment is driven by expanding our service offerings and marketing our broad array of transportation services to our existing customer base and to new customers. Growth in revenues from highway brokerage is driven primarily through increased volume and outsourcing by companies of their transportation and logistics needs. Growth in revenues from truck services operations, which primarily provide specialized transportation services to customers through independent contractors and owner-operators, is driven primarily by increased volume as well as length of haul and the rate per mile charged to the customer. Increases in revenues for warehousing and distribution, which includes the handling, consolidation/deconsolidation and storage of freight on behalf of the shipper, are driven by increased outsourcing and import volumes and by increased use of third-party containers, rather than their own containers, by shipping lines on the West Coast to move freight inland. Through our supply chain management services, we manage all aspects of the supply chain from inbound sourcing and delivery logistics through outbound shipment, handling, consolidation, deconsolidation, distribution, and just-in-time delivery of end products to our customers’ customers. Revenues for supply chain management services are recognized on a net basis and increases are driven by increased outsourcing. We also provide international freight forwarding services, which involves arranging transportation and other services necessary to move our customers’ freight to and from a foreign country. Increases in revenues for international freight forwarding are driven by increases in international trade volumes, rate increases, product mix and route changes.

 

Cost of Purchased Transportation and Services

 

The intermodal segment’s cost of purchased transportation and related services consists primarily of the amounts charged to us by railroads and local trucking companies under our contracts and other operating arrangements with these carriers. Third-party rail costs are charged through contracts and other operating arrangements with the railroads and are dependent upon product mix and traffic lanes. In addition, terminal and cargo handling services represent the variable expenses directly associated with handling freight at a terminal location. The cost of these services is variable in nature and is based on the volume of freight shipped and rates charged.

 

The logistics segment’s cost of purchased transportation and related services consists of amounts paid to third parties under our contracts or other operating agreements with them to provide such services, such as independent contractor truck drivers, freight terminal operators and dock workers. Sub-contracted

 

40


Table of Contents

or independent operators are paid on a percentage of revenues, mileage or a fixed fee from point to point or between zones.

 

Direct Operating Expenses

 

Direct operating expenses are both fixed and variable expenses directly relating to our Stacktrain operations and consist of equipment lease expense, equipment maintenance and repair costs, fixed terminal and cargo handling expenses and other direct variable expenses. Our fleet of leased equipment is financed through a variety of short- and long-term leases. Increases to our equipment fleet will primarily be through additional leases as the growth of our business dictates. Equipment maintenance and repair costs consist of the costs related to the upkeep of the equipment fleet, which can be considered semi-variable in nature, as a certain amount relates to the annual preventative maintenance costs in addition to amounts driven by fleet usage. Fixed terminal and cargo handling costs primarily relate to the fixed rent and storage expense charged to us by terminal operators and is expected to remain relatively fixed.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

The intermodal segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses consist of costs relating to customer acquisition, billing, customer service, salaries and related expenses of the executive and administrative staff, office expenses and professional fees, and includes the $10.4 million annual fee currently paid to APL Limited for information technology services under a long-term agreement (of which $3.4 million has been subject to a 3% compounded annual increase since May 2003).

 

The logistics segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses relate to the costs of customer acquisition, billing, customer service and salaries and related expenses of marketing, as well as the executive and administrative staff’s compensation, office expenses and professional fees. The logistics segment anticipates that it will incur increased overall selling related costs as it grows its operations, but that such costs will remain relatively consistent as a percentage of net revenues.

 

The absolute costs related to corporate functions, such as administration, finance, legal, human resources and facilities, will likely increase as the business grows, but will likely decrease over time as a percentage of net revenues.

 

41


Table of Contents

Results of Operations

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 29, 2006 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2005

 

The following table sets forth our reclassified historical financial data for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2006 and December 30, 2005. The reclassification reflects the movement of our rail brokerage operations from our logistics segment (formerly our retail segment) to our intermodal segment (formerly our wholesale segment). There was no impact to consolidated financial results.

 

Financial Data Comparison by Reportable Segment

Fiscal Years Ended December 29, 2006, and December 30, 2005

(in millions)

 

     2006     2005     Change     % Change  

Revenues

        

Intermodal

   $ 1,491.7     $ 1,402.6     $ 89.1     6.4 %

Logistics

     397.0       458.1       (61.1 )   (13.3 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (0.9 )     (0.6 )     (0.3 )   50.0  
                              

Total

     1,887.8       1,860.1       27.7     1.5  

Cost of purchased transportation and services

        

Intermodal

     1,121.7       1,049.7       72.0     6.9  

Logistics

     325.6       379.5       (53.9 )   (14.2 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (0.9 )     (0.6 )     (0.3 )   50.0  
                              

Total

     1,446.4       1,428.6       17.8     1.2  

Direct operating expenses

        

Intermodal

     123.1       115.4       7.7     6.7  

Logistics

     -       -       -     -  
                              

Total

     123.1       115.4       7.7     6.7  

Selling, general & administrative expenses

        

Intermodal

     108.5       111.2       (2.7 )   (2.4 )

Logistics

     68.7       71.9       (3.2 )   (4.5 )

Corporate

     15.8       21.7       (5.9 )   (27.2 )
                              

Total

     193.0       204.8       (11.8 )   (5.8 )

Write-off of computer software

        

Intermodal

     -       11.3       (11.3 )   (100.0 )

Logistics

     -       -       -     -  

Corporate

     -       -       -     -  
                              

Total

     -       11.3       (11.3 )   (100.0 )

Depreciation and amortization

        

Intermodal

     5.8       5.5       0.3     5.5  

Logistics

     1.1       1.3       (0.2 )   (15.4 )

Corporate

     0.1       0.1       -     -  
                              

Total

     7.0       6.9       0.1     1.4  

Income from operations

        

Intermodal

     132.6       109.5       23.1     21.1  

Logistics

     1.6       5.4       (3.8 )   (70.4 )

Corporate

     (15.9 )     (21.8 )     5.9     (27.1 )
                              

Total

     118.3       93.1       25.2     27.1  

Interest expense, net

     6.6       8.2       (1.6 )   (19.5 )

Income tax expense

     43.4       34.0       9.4     27.6  
                              

Net income

   $ 68.3     $ 50.9     $ 17.4     34.2 %
                              

 

42


Table of Contents

Revenues.  Revenues increased $27.7 million, or 1.5%, for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006 compared to the fiscal year ended December 30, 2005. Intermodal segment revenues increased $89.1 million, or 6.4%, reflecting increases in our cartage and Stacktrain operations, partially offset by a reduction in rail brokerage revenues. Stacktrain revenues increased $99.2 million in 2006 compared to 2005 and reflected increases in all three Stacktrain lines of business, partially offset by lower avoided repositioning cost “ARC” revenues (the incremental revenue to Pacer for moving international containers in domestic service) and lower container and chassis per diem revenues. Stacktrain revenues for 2005 were slightly depressed as a result of the first quarter 2005 Union Pacific embargo of Southern California locations due to severe weather. The year-over-year increases in the three Stacktrain lines of business were as follows:

 

  ·  

The 0.1% increase in Stacktrain third-party domestic freight revenues was due primarily to a 19.2% average fuel surcharge in effect during 2006 compared to a 14.8% average surcharge during 2005. Domestic containers handled decreased 4.5% from 2005 due, in part, to reduced ARC volumes, the cancellation of the Northern California to Texas route by the Union Pacific and the less than anticipated peak season demand. While the eastbound container imbalance was corrected during the third quarter of 2006, it negatively impacted our domestic loadings eastbound during 2006. The average freight revenue per container increased 4.8% for Stacktrain third-party domestic business.

 

  ·  

The 24.2% increase in automotive freight revenues was due to a volume increase of 9.6% over 2005 coupled with a 13.3% increase in the average freight revenue per container. The increase in the average freight revenue per container was due to a combination of business mix, rate increases and fuel surcharges.

 

  ·  

The 61.3% increase in Stacktrain international revenues was due to a 44.6% increase in containers handled primarily from additional customers coupled with an 11.5% increase in the average freight revenue per container. The increase in average freight revenue per container was due primarily to increased fuel surcharges.

 

Westbound ARC revenues for 2006 were $4.2 million below 2005 due primarily to rate competition and the use of their own equipment by the international shipping companies for export loading. The $2.9 million decline in container and chassis per diem revenues in 2006 compared to 2005 was due primarily to customers returning containers in a shorter period of time. Cartage revenues increased $9.9 million due to increases in all of our cartage regions including increased intra-segment business with our Stacktrain division and expansion of business in the South region. Our cartage unit experienced a large revenue increase in our West region due to increased volumes during 2006 in Southern California resulting in part from the first quarter 2005 Union Pacific embargo of Southern California locations due to severe weather that depressed revenues in that quarter. Our rail brokerage unit, which reported an operating income of $4.0 million in both years due to yield management and cost control efforts during 2006, reported a 4.5% decline in revenues compared to 2005 due to decreased intermodal volumes.

 

Revenues in our logistics segment decreased $61.1 million, or 13.3%, for 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to a $56.0 million decline in revenues related to the transitioning of a truck brokerage customer to another service provider which began during the second quarter of 2005 and was completed during the latter part of 2005. Revenues for our truck brokerage unit decreased 40.9% compared to 2005 due primarily to the completion of this transitioning. Warehousing and distribution revenues were up 3.8% due to revenues from new customers and additional business from existing customers, partially offset by a customer moving from our warehousing operations to its own regional distribution center in late 2005. Our international unit revenues increased 1.4% compared to 2005 due to a strong import/export business partially offset by reduced overseas aid cargo and agricultural shipments. Revenues for our supply chain services unit decreased 13.0% due to decreases from existing customers as well as the loss of a customer in the second quarter of 2006. Our truck services revenues were up 2.4% due to additional agents in 2006 and an increase in the amount of freight brokered due to demand.

 

Cost of Purchased Transportation and Services.  Cost of purchased transportation and services increased $17.8 million, or 1.2%, for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2006 compared to the fiscal year ended December 30, 2005. The intermodal segment’s cost of purchased transportation and services

 

43


Table of Contents

increased $72.0 million, or 6.9%, for 2006 compared to 2005 reflecting increases in Stacktrain and cartage costs, partially offset by reduced rail brokerage costs. The higher percentage increase in purchased transportation and services costs compared to intermodal segment revenues was due to increases in local dray costs and container repositioning costs discussed below. The Stacktrain increase was related to the increased shipments noted above combined with a 6.9% increase in the cost per container due primarily to increased fuel costs from our underlying service providers, rate increases from our underlying carriers and changes in business mix. In addition, local dray costs from the port to the rail terminal increased $3.0 million in 2006 compared to 2005 due to the large increase in Stacktrain international volumes. Container repositioning costs increased $4.7 million in 2006 due to the need to reposition containers from the Los Angeles basin to Eastern U.S. locations to support westbound volumes. The majority of these increased costs were incurred during the first quarter of 2006, after which the container imbalance situation had been corrected. These Stacktrain increases were partially offset by a favorable settlement of prior period rail payables to one of our rail service providers, as under our rail contract we periodically reconcile and settle amounts owed to the carrier based on actual usage. Also reducing the Stacktrain increase in cost was a gross benefit of $5.3 million from the settlement of a series of arbitration cases and other rate disputes during the third quarter of 2006 that resulted in the reversal of prior year expense accruals. The cartage increase was also due to the increased shipments noted above. The rail brokerage decrease was due to the decreased intermodal volumes noted above. The overall gross margin percentage, revenues less the cost of purchased transportation divided by revenues, for the intermodal segment decreased from 25.2% in 2005 to 24.8% in 2006 due primarily to changes in business mix.

 

Cost of purchased transportation and services in our logistics business decreased $53.9 million in 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to the completion of transition of a truck brokerage customer to another service provider during the latter part of 2005. The overall gross margin percentage for our logistics business increased from 17.2% in 2005 to 18.0% in 2006 due primarily to changes in business mix and improved yield management. The reduction in business from the transitioning of a customer in our truck brokerage unit to another transportation provider contributed to the gross margin percentage increase as this customer was a low margin account. The margin percentage for our international unit also increased due to changes in business mix. The warehousing and distribution unit gross margin percentage declined due to the changed business mix that resulted after a customer, as mentioned above, moved from our warehousing operations to their own regional distribution center. New customers required additional warehouse handling at increased costs. Our truck services unit gross margin percentage also declined due to increases in fuel costs and the increase in the amount of brokerage business which is priced at a lower margin percentage than when using trucks of our independent owner-operators.

 

Direct Operating Expenses.  Direct operating expenses, which are only incurred by our Stacktrain operations, increased $7.7 million, or 6.7%, in 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to increased container and chassis lease and maintenance costs attributable to the larger fleet size during 2006. At December 29, 2006, we had 1.2% or 327 more containers and 10.0% or 2,868 more chassis than at December 30, 2005.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased $11.8 million, or 5.8%, in 2006 compared to 2005. Our logistics segment average employment decreased by 84 persons in 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to reductions related to the completion of the transition of a truck brokerage customer to another service provider and reductions in our supply chain services unit. Our intermodal segment average employment decreased by 9 persons in 2006 compared to 2005 due to reductions in our rail brokerage unit partially offset by increases in our Stacktrain unit related to the continued implementation of our PacerDirect product and by increases in our cartage unit due to two additional operating locations. 2006 also benefited from the reversal of previously accrued expenses for a service provided for our Stacktrain operations that we determined would not be payable under the contract with the provider, as well as reduced costs associated with complying with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and $7.9 million less accrued for employee bonuses. Our cartage operations experienced increased personal injury/property damage claim costs during 2006. There was also a 4% increase in compensation expense with staggered effective dates in May and August 2006. Overall legal expenses for 2006 were $2.1 million above 2005 due to on-going legal proceedings including the settlement of a litigation during 2006 that adversely impacted our truck services unit and corporate results. This increase was partially offset by the settled arbitrations noted above and a legal case settled in December 2006. During 2006, we expensed $1.5 million for stock based compensation costs resulting from our adoption of SFAS No. 123(R) on

 

44


Table of Contents

December 31, 2005. We expect that stock based compensation costs will approximate $1.5 million on an annual basis going forward. See Notes 1 and 4 of the notes to our consolidated financial statements included in this report for additional information regarding our adoption of SFAS No. 123(R).

 

Write-off of Computer Software.  During the second quarter of 2005, based on an internal analysis of the cost to continue a computer software development project started in 2001 and an assessment of a review by an independent third-party, we decided to abandon the conversion from APL Limited’s computer systems to a stand-alone capability for our Stacktrain operations. A total of $11.3 million, which had been capitalized in property and equipment for the development of the software, was written-off in the second quarter of 2005. We will continue to avail ourselves of the services and support for up to the next 13 years under the existing long-term agreement with APL Limited.

 

Depreciation and Amortization.  Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $0.1 million for 2006 compared to 2005 due to property additions.

 

Income From Operations.  Income from operations increased $25.2 million, or 27.1%, from $93.1 million in 2005 to $118.3 million in 2006. Intermodal segment income from operations increased $23.1 million reflecting a $22.6 million increase in Stacktrain income from operations, a $0.5 million increase in cartage income from operations and no change in rail brokerage income from operations. The Stacktrain increase was due, in part, to the write-off during 2005 of $11.3 million of software development costs, the settlement of a series of arbitration cases and other rate disputes during 2006 that resulted in the reversal of prior expense accruals of $4.2 million, net of related legal costs of $1.1 million, strength in all three lines of Stacktrain business and the 2006 general and administrative accrual adjustment. The cartage increase was due primarily to increased business during 2006 partially offset by higher compensation costs associated with increased employment and higher personal injury/property damage costs during 2006. Our rail brokerage income from operations was the same in both years and reflected yield management and cost control efforts which offset declining intermodal volumes in 2006.

 

Logistics segment income from operations decreased $3.8 million compared to 2005. The decrease for our truck services unit was due primarily to the increase in lower rated brokerage business coupled with higher fuel costs, and our warehousing and distribution unit reported lower income from operations due to the customer moving to their own regional distribution center, as mentioned above, coupled with increased handling and cargo claim costs. The decrease in income from operations for our supply chain services unit was due to the loss of a customer as well as decreases from existing customers and expenses related to a legal case. These decreases in income from operations were partially offset by increases in income from operations for our international unit where import/export business remains strong, our truck brokerage unit due to yield management and cost control efforts, and reduced corporate costs due primarily to legal settlements and reduced bonus accruals. Adjusted to exclude the $11.3 million charge for the write-off of Stacktrain computer software, consolidated income from operations for 2005 would have been $104.4 million. See the table below for a reconciliation of as reported results to adjusted results.

 

Interest Expense, Net.  Interest expense, net, decreased by $1.6 million, or 19.5%, for 2006 compared to 2005 due primarily to a lower level of outstanding debt during 2006. At December 29, 2006, total long-term debt was $59.0 million, $31.0 million less than the $90.0 million at December 30, 2005. Interest rates increased from approximately 5.2% during 2005 to 6.9% during 2006.

 

Income Tax Expense.  Income tax expense increased $9.4 million in 2006 compared to 2005 due to higher pre-tax income in 2006, partially offset by a slightly lower effective tax rate of 38.8% for 2006 compared to 40.0% for 2005. The decline in the effective tax rate was due to a revaluation of state tax rates.

 

Net Income.  Net income increased by $17.4 million from $50.9 million in 2005 to $68.3 million in 2006 reflecting the higher income from operations (up $25.2 million) as discussed above, combined with reduced interest costs (down $1.6 million) associated with the lower level of outstanding debt during 2006. Net income in 2006 also reflected higher income tax expense (up $9.4 million) related to a higher pre-tax income, partially offset by a lower effective tax rate in 2006. The 2005 write-off of software development costs impacted net income by $6.8 million in that year. Adjusted to exclude the $11.3 million pre-tax charge ($6.8 million after-tax) for the write-off of Stacktrain computer software, net income for 2005 would have been $57.7 million.

 

45


Table of Contents

Reconciliation of GAAP Financial Results to Adjusted Financial Results

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2005 (in millions, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Item

   GAAP
Results
   Adjustments      Adjusted
Results

Income from operations

   $ 93.1    $ 11.3    1/    $ 104.4

Interest expense, net

     8.2      -        8.2
                      

Income before income taxes

     84.9      11.3        96.2

Income taxes

     34.0      4.5    2/      38.5
                      

Net income

   $ 50.9    $ 6.8      $ 57.7
                      

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 1.34    $ 0.18      $ 1.52
                      

Weighted average shares outstanding .

     38,042,454      38,042,454        38,042,454
                      

 

1/ Write-off of costs related to the development of Stacktrain computer software.

 

2/ Income tax effect of the write-off at the effective rate.

 

46


Table of Contents

Fiscal Year Ended December 30, 2005 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004

 

The following table sets forth our reclassified historical financial data for the fiscal years ended December 30, 2005 and December 31, 2004. The reclassification reflects the movement of our rail brokerage operations from our logistics segment (formerly our retail segment) to our intermodal segment (formerly our wholesale segment). There was no impact to consolidated financial results.

 

Financial Data Comparison by Reportable Segment

Fiscal Years Ended December 30, 2005, and December 31, 2004

(in millions)

 

     2005     2004     Change     % Change  

Revenues

        

Intermodal

   $ 1,402.6     $ 1,340.4     $ 62.2     4.6 %

Logistics

     458.1       471.0       (12.9 )   (2.7 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (0.6 )     (3.3 )     2.7     (81.8 )
                              

Total

     1,860.1       1,808.1       52.0     2.9  

Cost of purchased transportation and services

        

Intermodal

     1,049.7       1,018.7       31.0     3.0  

Logistics

     379.5       397.7       (18.2 )   (4.6 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (0.6 )     (3.3 )     2.7     (81.8 )
                              

Total

     1,428.6       1,413.1       15.5     1.1  

Direct operating expenses

        

Intermodal

     115.4       110.7       4.7     4.2  

Logistics

     -       -       -     -  
                              

Total

     115.4       110.7       4.7     4.2  

Selling, general & administrative expenses

        

Intermodal

     111.2       104.5       6.7     6.4  

Logistics

     71.9       67.7       4.2     6.2  

Corporate

     21.7       18.4       3.3     17.9  
                              

Total

     204.8       190.6       14.2     7.5  

Write-off of computer software

        

Intermodal

     11.3       -       11.3     n.m.  

Logistics

     -       -       -     -  

Corporate

     -       -       -     -  
                              

Total

     11.3       -       11.3     n.m.  

Depreciation and amortization

        

Intermodal

     5.5       5.8       (0.3 )   (5.2 )

Logistics

     1.3       1.4       (0.1 )   (7.1 )

Corporate

     0.1       -       0.1     n.m.  
         &