10-K/A 1 d10ka.htm AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO FORM 10-K Amendment No. 1 to Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K/A

 

x    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 26, 2003

OR

¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                                  to                                                  

 

Commission file number 000-49828

 

PACER INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

   

              Tennessee              


  

62-0935669


   

(State or other jurisdiction

of organization)

  

(I.R.S. employer

identification no.)

 

2300 Clayton Road, Suite 1200

Concord, CA 94520

Telephone Number (887) 917-2237

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

Common Stock (Par Value $0.01 per share)

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes    x    No            

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.            

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).  Yes    x    No            

 

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the Registrant was approximately $517,671,840 at June 27, 2003 (using the Nasdaq National Market closing price).

 

On March 1, 2004 the Registrant had 37,247,803 outstanding shares of Common Stock, par value $.01 per share.

 

Documents Incorporated by Reference – Portions of the registrant’s definitive Proxy Statement for the annual meeting of shareholders has been incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. See pages 54 to 58 for the exhibit index.


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Filed to correct typographical errors in the accountant’s consent.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

General Information   3
Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements   3
Part I.        

    Items 1. and 2.

  Business and Properties   5
    Overview   5
    Our Service Offerings   5
    Information Technology   9
    Customers   9
    Sales and Marketing   10
    Development of Our Company   10
    Facilities/Equipment   11
    Suppliers   12
    Risk Management and Insurance   13
    Relationship with APL Limited   14
    Business Cycle   14
    Competition   14
    Employees   15
    Government Regulation   15
    Legal Contingencies   16
    Environmental   16
    Seasonality   16
    Risks Related to Our Common Stock   17
    Risks Related to Our Business   18

    Item 3.

  Legal Proceedings   26

    Item 4.

  Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   26
    Executive Officers of the Registrant   27
Part II.        

    Item 5.

 

Market For Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

  29

    Item 6.

  Selected Financial Data   30

    Item 7.

 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

  31

    Item 7A.

  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   50

    Item 8.

  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data   51

    Item 9.

 

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

  51

    Item 9A.

  Controls and Procedures   51
Part III.        

    Item 10.

  Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant   52

    Item 11.

  Executive Compensation   52

    Item 12.

 

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
and Related Stockholder Matters

  53

    Item 13.

  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions   53

    Item 14.

  Principal Accountant Fees and Services   53
Part IV.        

    Item 15.

  Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K   54
    Signatures   60
   

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules

  F-1

 

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General Information

 

In this annual report, “our company,” “Pacer International,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Pacer International, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, and “Pacer Logistics” refers to our former subsidiary Pacer Logistics, Inc., which merged into Pacer International, Inc. on May 31, 2003. References to our wholesale operations include our stacktrain operations and our local cartage operations, and references to our retail operations include our intermodal marketing, truck brokerage, truck services, international freight forwarding, supply chain management services and warehousing and distribution services.

 

This annual report may contain market data related to the transportation and logistics industries and their segments, including the third-party logistics market, and estimates regarding their size and growth. This market data has been included in reports published by organizations such as Standard & Poor’s, Cass Information Systems, the American Trucking Association, the Association of American Railroads and Armstrong & Associates. Except as otherwise noted, statements as to our size and position relative to our competitors are based on revenues.

 

We file our quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, annual reports on Form 10-K, current reports on Form 8-K, annual report to shareholders and annual Proxy Statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Our SEC filings are available to the public on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. These reports are also available free of charge from our website at http://www.pacer-international.com, as soon as reasonably practical after we electronically file such material with the SEC. Information contained on our website is not part of this report or of any registration statement that incorporates this report by reference.

 

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 

This annual report on Form 10-K contains forward looking statements, in accordance with Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that reflect our current estimates, expectations and projections about our future results, performance, prospects and opportunities. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, the information concerning our possible future results of operations, business and growth strategies, financing plans, our competitive position and the effects of competition, the projected growth of the markets in which we operate, and the benefits and synergies to be obtained from our completed and any future acquisitions. Forward-looking statements include all statements that are not historical facts. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “could”, “estimate”, “expect”, “intend”, “plan”, “may”, “should”, “will”, “would” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements are based on information currently available to us and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and other factors that could cause our actual results, performance, prospects or opportunities to differ materially from those expressed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements we make in this annual report. Important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from the results referred to in the forward-looking statements we make in this annual report are discussed under “Risks Related to our Business” and elsewhere in this annual report and include:

 

  ·   general economic and business conditions;

 

  ·   industry trends;

 

  ·   increases in our leverage;

 

  ·   changes in our business strategy, development plans or cost savings plans;

 

  ·   our ability to integrate acquired businesses;

 

  ·   the loss of one or more of our major customers;

 

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  ·   competition;

 

  ·   availability of qualified personnel; and

 

  ·   changes in, or the failure to comply with, government regulations.

 

Except as otherwise required by federal securities laws, the company does not undertake any obligation to update such forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements included in this annual report.

 

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Part I.

 

ITEMS 1. AND 2. BUSINESS AND PROPERTIES

 

Overview

 

We are a leading non-asset based North American logistics provider. Within North America, we are one of the largest truck brokers, and we are one of the largest intermodal marketing companies, which facilitate the movement of freight by trailer or container using two or more modes of transportation. We focus our business on our core intermodal product, with intermodal sales representing approximately 79% of our total revenues. We believe that our competitive advantages include: the ability to pass volume rate savings and economies of scale to our customers; a significant opportunity to cross-sell services to existing customers; the flexibility to tailor services to our customers’ needs in rapidly changing freight markets; and the ability to provide more reliable and consistent services. Using our proprietary information systems, we provide logistics services to numerous Fortune 500 and multi-national companies, including C.H. Robinson, Ford Motor Company, General Electric, Heinz, Sony, Union Pacific, Wal-Mart Stores and Whirlpool, which together represented approximately 28% of our 2003 gross revenues, as well as numerous middle-market companies. We utilize a non-asset based strategy in which we seek to limit our investment in equipment and facilities and reduce working capital requirements through arrangements with transportation carriers and equipment providers. This strategy provides us with access to freight terminals and facilities and control over transportation-related equipment without owning assets.

 

We believe our non-asset based strategy results in reduced working capital requirements, as compared to those of asset-based transportation providers. In our wholesale segment, our contractual arrangements with our underlying rail carriers and local trucking or drayage companies do not require us to pay for rail or truck transportation services that are not needed to service our customers’ shipping needs. In our retail segment, our contractual arrangements with rail and truck carriers and equipment providers also do not require us to purchase or pay for carrier services or for equipment usage or availability that are not required to service our customers’ shipping needs. We believe that this is customary in the non-asset based intermodal marketing and rail and truck brokerage industries in which our retail segment competes. Also, our trucking services divisions utilize independent owner/operators, who own and operate their equipment, to provide truck transportation for our customers, and our agreements with these owner/operators do not require us to pay for truck services or for equipment usage or availability that are not actually used to transport our customers’ goods. We believe that our non-asset based competitors in the trucking services sector utilize a similar structure.

 

In June 2002, we completed our initial public offering of common stock, using the proceeds of the offering to significantly reduce our long-term debt. During June and July 2003, we completed the refinancing of our credit facilities including the early redemption of the $150 million 11.75% senior subordinated notes, and in November 2003, we completed the repricing of our senior credit facility.

 

Our Service Offerings

 

We provide our logistics services from two operating segments, our wholesale segment which provides services principally to transportation intermediaries and international shipping companies and our retail segment which provides services principally to end-user customers. These segments have separate management teams and offer different but related products and services (see Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the financial results by segment). We believe that the combination of our wholesale and retail products and our ability to provide our customers with a comprehensive portfolio of services presents opportunities for enhanced growth and operational synergies. For example, revenues generated by our wholesale segment and originated by our retail segment were approximately $127 million, $128 million and $103 million in 2003, 2002 and 2001, respectively.

 

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Wholesale Services

 

Intermodal Services

 

Intermodal transportation is the movement of freight via trailer or container using two or more modes of transportation which nearly always include a rail and truck segment. Our use of the stacktrain method, consisting of the movement of cargo containers stacked two high on special railcars, significantly improves the efficiency of our service by increasing capacity at low incremental cost without sacrificing quality of service. We are the largest non-railroad provider of intermodal rail service in North America. We sell intermodal service primarily to intermodal marketing companies, large automotive intermediaries, international shipping companies as well as to our own internal intermodal marketing company. We compete primarily with rail carriers offering intermodal service and indirectly with over-the-road full truckload carriers.

 

Through long-term contracts and other operating arrangements with railroads, including Union Pacific and CSX, and other operating arrangements with other railroads, including Canadian National Railroad and two railroads in Mexico, we have access to a 50,000-mile North American rail network serving most major population and commercial centers in the United States, Canada and Mexico. These contracts provide for, among other things, competitive rates, minimum service standards, capacity assurances, priority handling and the utilization of nationwide terminal facilities.

 

We maintain an extensive fleet of doublestack railcars, containers and chassis, substantially all of which are leased. As of December 26, 2003, our equipment consisted of 1,850 doublestack railcars, 23,511 containers and 24,279 chassis, which are steel frames with rubber tires used to transport containers over the highway. We provide APL Limited and other shipping companies with equipment repositioning services from destinations within North America to their West Coast points of origin. To the extent we are able to fill these empty containers with the westbound freight of other customers, we receive compensation from the shipping companies for our repositioning service and from the other customers for shipment of their freight. In 2003, 2002 and 2001, we filled 92,356, 76,104 and 81,376 repositioned containers, respectively, with freight for shipment via our rail network on behalf of our domestic customers.

 

The size of our leased and owned equipment fleet, the frequent departures available to us through our rail contracts and the scope of the geographic coverage of our rail network provide our customers with single-company control over their transportation requirements which we believe gives us an advantage in attaining the responsiveness and reliability required by our customers at a competitive price. In addition, our access to information technology enables us to continuously track cargo containers, chassis and railcars throughout our transportation network. Through our equipment fleet and arrangements with rail carriers, we can control the transportation equipment used in our wholesale operations and are able to employ full-time personnel on-site at the terminals, which allows us to ensure close coordination of the services provided at these facilities.

 

Local Trucking

 

Our local trucking operations are largely provided in and around major U.S. cities including Los Angeles, Long Beach, San Diego, Lathrop, Oakland, Sacramento and City of Industry (California), Houston and Dallas (Texas), Jacksonville (Florida), Chicago (Illinois), Columbus (Ohio), Memphis (Tennessee), Kansas City (Kansas), Charleston (South Carolina), Seattle (Washington), Portland (Oregon) and Atlanta, Savannah and Dalton (Georgia). We contract with independent trucking contractors and maintain interchange agreements with many major steamship lines, railroads and stacktrain operators. This network allows us to supply the local transportation requirements of shippers, ocean carriers and freight forwarders across the country.

 

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Retail Services

 

Intermodal Marketing

 

We arrange for and optimize the movement of our customers’ freight in containers and trailers throughout North America utilizing truck and rail transportation. We arrange for a full container or trailer load shipment to be picked up at origin by truck and transported to a site for loading onto a train. The shipment is then transported via railroad (using either our wholesale services or rail carriers directly) to a site for unloading from the train in the vicinity of the final destination. After the shipment has been unloaded from the train and is available for pick-up, we arrange for the shipment to be transported by truck to the final destination. We provide customized electronic tracking and analysis of charges, and our own negotiated rail, truck and intermodal rates, and we determine the optimal routes. We also track and monitor shipments in transit, consolidate billing, handle claims of freight loss or damage on behalf of our customers and manage the handling, consolidation and storage of freight throughout the process. We provide the majority of these services both internally through our wholesale service and our truck brokerage and truck services divisions, and externally through third-party rail and truck carriers. Our intermodal marketing operations are based in Los Angeles, Pasadena and Livermore (California), Rutherford (New Jersey), Memphis (Tennessee), Chicago (Illinois), Jacksonville (Florida), Dublin and Dayton (Ohio), and Toronto (Canada). Our experienced transportation personnel are responsible for operations, customer service, marketing, management information systems and our relationships with the rail carriers.

 

Through our intermodal marketing operations, we assist the railroads and our wholesale operation in balancing freight resulting in improved asset utilization. In addition, we serve our customers by passing on economies of scale that we achieve as a volume buyer from railroads, stacktrain operators, trucking companies and other third party transportation providers, providing access to large equipment pools and streamlining the paperwork and logistics of an intermodal move. We believe that the combination of our wholesale stacktrain and local trucking operations with our intermodal marketing services enables us to provide enhanced service to our customers and provides the opportunity for increased profitability and growth.

 

Truck Brokerage and Truck Services

 

Through our truck brokerage division, we arrange the movement of freight in containers or trailers by truck using a nationwide network of over 5,000 independent trucking companies. By utilizing our aggregate volumes to negotiate rates, we are able to provide high quality service at attractive prices. We provide truck brokerage services throughout North America through our customer service centers in Livermore (California), Dallas (Texas), Chicago (Illinois), Phoenix (Arizona), Conyers (Georgia), Rutherford (New Jersey), and Dublin (Ohio). We manage all aspects of these services for our customers, including selecting qualified carriers, negotiating rates, tracking shipments, billing and resolving difficulties.

 

Our truck services division provides dry van and flatbed and specialized heavy-haul trucking services on behalf of our customers. We provide these trucking services through independent agents and contractors who operate approximately 600 trucks equipped with van, flatbed and heavy-haul trailers.

 

We believe that our ability to provide a range of trucking services through our retail truck brokerage and truck services divisions and our wholesale local cartage operations provides a competitive advantage as companies increasingly seek to outsource their transportation and logistics needs to companies that can manage multiple transportation requirements.

 

International Freight Forwarding Services

 

As an international freight forwarder, we provide freight forwarding services that involve transportation of freight into or out of the United States. As an indirect ocean carrier or non-vessel operating common carrier

 

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and a customs broker, we manage international shipping for our customers and provide or connect them with the range of services necessary to run a global business. We also provide airfreight forwarding services as an indirect air carrier. Our international product offerings serve more than 1,000 clients internationally through 17 offices and over 100 agents worldwide.

 

As an indirect ocean carrier or non-vessel operating common carrier, we arrange transportation of our customers’ freight by contracting with the actual vessel operator to obtain transportation for a fixed number of containers between various points during a specified time period at an agreed wholesale discounted volume rate. We then are able to charge our customers rates lower than the rates they could obtain from actual vessel operators for similar type shipments. We consolidate the freight bound for a particular destination from a common shipping point, prepare all required shipping documents, arrange for any inland transportation, deliver the freight to the vessel operator and provide shipment to the final destination. At the destination port, acting directly or through our agent, we effect delivery of the freight to the receivers of the goods, which may include customs clearance and inland freight transportation to the final destination. Our contracts with ocean carriers generally require us to pay a small liquidated damage amount for each committed container that we do not ship during the relevant contract period; however, the aggregate amount of such damages that we have been required to pay in the past has not been material, and management does not believe that such contract terms will have a material adverse effect in the future.

 

As a customs broker, we are licensed by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service to act on behalf of importers in handling customs formalities and other details critical to the importation of goods. We prepare and file formal documentation required for clearance through customs agencies, obtain customs bonds, facilitate the payment of import duties on behalf of the importer, arrange for the payment of collect freight charges, assist with determining and obtaining the best commodity classifications for shipments and assist with qualifying for duty drawback refunds. We provide customs brokerage services in connection with many of the shipments which we handle as an ocean freight forwarder or non-vessel operating common carrier, as well as shipments arranged by other freight forwarders, non-vessel operating common carriers or vessel operating common carriers.

 

Supply Chain Management

 

We use the information from our advanced information system to provide consulting and supply chain management services to our customers. These specialized services allow our customers to realize cost savings and concentrate on their core competencies by outsourcing to us the management and transportation of their materials and inventory throughout their supply chains and the distribution of finished goods to the end user. We provide infrastructure and equipment, integrated with our customers’ existing systems, to handle distribution planning, just-in-time delivery and automated ordering. We also manage warehouses, distribution centers and other facilities for select customers and consult on identifying bottlenecks in our customers’ supply chains by analyzing freight patterns and costs, optimizing facility locations, and developing internal policies and procedures. We leverage these capabilities to drive additional volume to our service offerings.

 

Warehousing and Distribution

 

We focus on providing customers with an integrated package of warehousing and freight handling services that is customized to fit their specific shipping patterns and inventory needs. Some of the more common freight handling services we provide include the transfer of freight from international containers to rail-based or truck containers (transloading) and repackaging merchandise from various shipments for distribution to multiple customer sites (consolidation/deconsolidation). We provide these services primarily on the West Coast where the majority of United States container freight originates.

 

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Information Technology

 

Our information technology systems have an expandable network architecture that provides for the exchange of data electronically between our customers and us and an internet-based platform that allows customization and integration to meet our customer’s needs. This interconnection allows us to communicate with our customers and transportation providers. Our systems monitor and track shipments through the cycle and across varying transportation modes, providing timely visibility on shipment status, location and estimated delivery times. Our exception notification system informs us of any potential delays so we can alert our customer and other supply chain participants to minimize the impact of any problems. Our systems also measure transit times, rates, availability and logistics activity of our transportation providers to enable us to plan and execute transactions and freight movements more reliably, efficiently and cost effectively. By monitoring and tracking all containers, chassis and railcars throughout our network, we can identify their location and availability and provide increased equipment utilization and balanced freight flows.

 

Our systems also have the capability to analyze each customer’s usage patterns and needs in an effort to resolve performance bottlenecks, determine optimal distribution locations and identify areas for cost savings throughout their supply chain. We can also prepare and distribute customized reports detailing shipping patterns, volumes, reliability, timeliness and overall transportation costs, and can generate management reports to meet federal highway authority requirements and perform accounting and billing functions. Currently, our technological efforts are primarily focused on reducing customer service response time, enhancing the customer service profile database and expanding the number of customers and service providers with which we share data using electronic data interchange applications.

 

We manage our wholesale services with computer systems that enable continuous tracking of cargo containers, chassis and railcars throughout the intermodal system. These systems also provide us with performance, utilization and profitability indicators for our wholesale business. In addition, for an annual fee of $10.1 million (of which $3.4 million is subject to a 3% compounded annual increase after May 2004), APL Limited, pursuant to a long-term information technology agreement, provides us with the computers, software and other information technology necessary for the operation of and accounting for our wholesale stacktrain business.

 

Our acquisition of Rail Van, Inc. (“Rail Van”) in December 2000 and its proprietary information technology systems has allowed us to further upgrade our information technology platform by integrating a significant portion of our retail operations onto the Rail Van information technology platform. The Rail Van systems were specifically designed for, and have since been enhanced by, the Company and are not available in the marketplace.

 

In March 2001, we began efforts to convert from APL Limited’s computer systems to a stand-alone capability based on information technology systems available from an unrelated third party developer. As a result of the developer’s breach of its fixed-price development contract with us, we instituted arbitration during the fourth quarter of 2002 seeking damages for the developer’s failure to complete the contract and other claims. For further discussion of the arbitration, please see Item 7. “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

 

Customers

 

We currently provide retail services on a nationwide basis to retailers, manufacturers, and other companies including a number of Fortune 500 and multi-national companies such as C.H. Robinson, Ford Motor Company, General Electric, Heinz, Sony, Union Pacific, Wal-Mart Stores and Whirlpool, which together represented approximately 28% of our 2003 gross revenues, as well as numerous middle market companies. Other important customers include Bechtel, Butler Aviation, Continental Tires North America, Honda, International Paper, Nestle, Owens Corning, Pepsi, and Sysco. We have served many of our customers for over

 

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15 years and believe that the strength of our customer base is attributable to our customer-focused marketing and service philosophy.

 

Our sales and customer service organizations, supported by our centralized pricing and logistics management systems, market our wholesale services primarily to intermodal marketing companies. We also market our wholesale services to the automotive industry and ocean carriers. Through our sales network, and the sales networks of the intermodal marketing companies to which we sell wholesale services, we provide wholesale services to more than 4,700 shippers.

 

For the fiscal years ended December 26, 2003, December 27, 2002 and December 28, 2001, there was no one customer that contributed more than 10% of our total gross revenues.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

As of December 26, 2003, our wholesale services were marketed by over 40 sales and customer service representatives. These representatives operate through seven regional and district sales offices and three regional service centers, which are situated in the major shipping locations across North America. The sales representatives are directly responsible for managing the business relationship with channel partners such as intermodal marketing companies, logistics companies and steamship lines as well as supporting joint selling efforts directed at the owner of the freight. In effect, the intermodal marketing company’s sales force becomes our extended channel enabling us to market our wholesale services and directly and indirectly access shippers in major metropolitan areas throughout North America. Wholesale sales efforts support and influence the selling activities to achieve the mutually agreed upon volume and revenue goals of wholesale channel partners and customers. The customer service representatives are responsible for supporting existing customers and sales representatives by providing cargo tracking services, resolving problems, and processing customer inquiries. Our wholesale efforts include a dedicated marketing function that drives our product development, strategic and tactical pricing, yield improvement, branding efforts and marketing communications.

 

As of December 26, 2003, our retail marketing operations included over 100 direct sales people and agents. All of our sales people are supported by regional sales offices in 17 cities, including Los Angeles and Livermore (California), Chicago (Illinois), Dublin (Ohio), Memphis (Tennessee) and Rutherford (New Jersey). Our salaried sales representatives are deployed in major business centers throughout the country and target mid-size and large customers. Our national network of commissioned sales agents provides additional geographic coverage and contributes additional business that help enable us to achieve volume discounts and balance traffic flows. Both our salaried and commissioned sales forces are compensated by overall net revenue margin contribution to the company and therefore are incentivized to cross-sell additional services to their customers.

 

In addition to our domestic sales force, we also have an extensive international network of sales and customer service representatives located in 8 offices and 75 agencies in over 70 countries.

 

Development of Our Company

 

We commenced operations as an independent, stand-alone company upon our recapitalization in May 1999. From 1984 until our recapitalization, our wholesale business was conducted by various entities owned directly or indirectly by APL Limited.

 

In May 1999, we were recapitalized through the purchase of shares of our common stock by two affiliates of Apollo Management, and an affiliate of each of Credit Suisse First Boston LLC and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. from APL Limited and our redemption of a portion of the shares of common stock held by APL Limited. On the date of the recapitalization, we began providing retail and logistics services to customers through our acquisition of Pacer Logistics, which was run by Mr. Orris and several other of our senior executives. In connection with these transactions, our name was changed from APL Land Transport Services, Inc. to Pacer International, Inc.

 

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Pacer Logistics, Inc. was incorporated on March 5, 1997 and was the successor to a company formed in 1974. Between the time of its formation and our acquisition of Pacer Logistics in May 1999, Pacer Logistics acquired and integrated six logistics services companies.

 

In 2000, we acquired four companies in the retail segment that have complemented our core retail business operations and expanded our geographic reach and service offerings for intermodal marketing, international freight forwarding and other logistics services. In 2001 we integrated our core retail business operations into our Pacer Global Logistics subsidiary.

 

In June 2002, we completed our initial public offering of common stock, and used the net proceeds to repay a significant amount of our outstanding long-term debt. During June and July 2003, we completed the refinancing of our credit facilities including the early redemption of the $150 million 11.75% senior subordinated notes. In August 2003, we completed an underwritten secondary public offering of common stock on behalf of certain selling stockholders. There were no new shares issued and we received no proceeds from the offering. In November 2003, we completed the repricing of our senior credit facility. On January 7, 2004, we filed with the SEC a “shelf” registration statement providing for the issuance by the Company of up to $150 million in additional common stock, preferred stock and warrants to purchase any of such securities and for the sale by certain selling stockholders of 8,702,893 shares of common stock (23.4% of the total common stock outstanding at December 26, 2003). The SEC declared the registration statement effective on January 21, 2004. There are currently no arrangements in place for the Company to issue any additional securities.

 

Facilities/Equipment

 

We lease space in an office building in Concord, California for our wholesale segment and corporate headquarters and an office building in Dublin, Ohio for our retail segment headquarters.

 

Our wholesale transportation network operates out of 54 railroad terminals across North America. Our integrated rail network, combined with our leased equipment fleet, enables us to provide our customers with single-company control over rail transportation to locations throughout North America.

 

Substantially all of the terminals we use are owned and managed by rail or highway carriers. However, we employ full-time personnel on-site at major locations to ensure close coordination of the services provided at the facilities. In addition to these terminals, other locations throughout the eastern United States serve as stand-alone container depots, where empty containers can be picked up or dropped off, or supply points, where empty containers can be picked up only. In connection with our trucking services, agents provide marketing and sales, terminal facilities and driver recruiting, while an operations center provides, among other services, insurance, claims handling, safety compliance, credit, billing and collection and operating advances and payments to drivers and agents.

 

Our wholesale equipment fleet consists of a large number of double stack railcars, containers and chassis that are owned or subject to short and long-term leases. We lease almost all of our containers, approximately 77% of our chassis and approximately 89% of our doublestack railcars. More than 50% of our containers and chassis can either be returned or the related lease terminated in less than one year, subject in the case of certain equipment to potentially early return fees based on when such equipment is returned.

 

In addition, all of our railcar equipment is associated with revenue generating arrangements. Our railcar fleet consists of “free running” railcars operating under the publicly reported mark “BRAN.” These railcars are in general service with railroads throughout North America to haul not only our own intermodal containers but also those of the railroads and their other customers. Under this system, our railcars are freely interchanged from one rail carrier to another throughout the North American rail system. To use our railcars, the rail carrier pays us a fee, known as the car hire rate, which takes into account the miles traveled by a railcar and the car’s time in service with a railroad. The actual rate payable is determined under our bilateral rate agreement with the railroad,

 

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or in the case of a railroad with which we have no rate agreement, under our schedule of car hire rates maintained in the Car Hire Accounting Rate Master (CHARM) administered by Railinc in association with the Association of American Railroads. We are solely responsible for the costs of operating our railcars, and do not have any recourse to our customers for the lease or purchase of our railcars.

 

As of December 26, 2003, our wholesale stacktrain equipment fleet consisted of the following:

 

         Owned    

       Leased    

       Total    

Containers

              

48’ Containers

   -    10,601    10,601

53’ Containers

   3    12,907    12,910
    
  
  

Total

   3    23,508    23,511
    
  
  

Chassis

              

20’ and 40’ Chassis

   8    1,232    1,240

48’ Chassis

   5,424    5,028    10,452

53’ Chassis

   104    12,483    12,587
    
  
  

Total

   5,536    18,743    24,279
    
  
  

Doublestack Railcars

   207    1,643    1,850
    
  
  

 

During 2003, we received 3,530 primarily 53-ft. leased containers and 2,604 primarily leased chassis and returned 1,693 primarily 48-ft leased containers and 1,530 primarily leased chassis. During 2003, five railcars were destroyed. We have on order 4,000 53-ft containers with an option to order an additional 2,000 by April 30, 2004. We anticipate delivery of the initial 4,000 by July 2004. On December 31, 2003 we ordered 1,800 53-ft chassis with options to order an additional 700 chassis before March 31, 2004, and an additional 700 chassis before May 31, 2004. We anticipate delivery of the initial 1,800 chassis during 2004. All ordered containers and chassis will likely be financed through operating leases.

 

During 2002, we received 1,156 leased containers and 1,770 leased chassis and returned 1,674 primarily 48-ft leased containers and 1,795 leased chassis as part of a program to downsize this type of equipment. Leased railcars remained unchanged in 2002.

 

We also own a limited amount of equipment to support our trucking operations. The majority of our trucking operations are conducted through contracts with independent trucking companies that own and operate their own equipment. We lease two warehouses in Kansas City (Kansas) and five facilities in Los Angeles (California) for dock space, warehousing and parking for tractors and trailers.

 

Suppliers

 

Railroads

 

We have long-term contracts with our primary rail carriers, Union Pacific and CSX, and other operating arrangements with other railroads, including Canadian National Railroad and two railroads in Mexico, regarding the movement of our stacktrains. These contracts generally provide for access to terminals controlled by the railroads as well as support services related to our wholesale operations. Through these contracts, our wholesale business has established a North American transportation network. Our retail business also maintains contracts with the railroads that govern the transportation services and payment terms pursuant to which the railroads handle intermodal shipments. These contracts are typically of short duration, usually twelve-month terms, and subject to renewal or extension. We maintain close working relationships with all of the major railroads in the United States and will continue to focus our efforts on strengthening these relationships. The rail contracts with Union Pacific and CSX represent the substantial majority of our wholesale stacktrain division’s cost of purchased transportation, while business with other railroads, including the Canadian National Railroad and the two

 

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Mexican railroads, represented approximately 7% of our wholesale segment’s cost of purchased transportation in 2003.

 

Through our contracts with these rail carriers, we have access to a 50,000 mile rail network throughout North America. Our rail contracts generally provide that the rail carriers will perform point to point, commonly referred to as linehaul, and terminal services for us, and typically consist of either long-term agreements or year-to-year agreements. Pursuant to the service provisions, the rail carriers provide transportation of our stacktrains across their rail networks and terminal services related to loading and unloading of containers, equipment movement and general administration. Our rail contracts generally establish per container rates for stacktrain shipments made on rail carriers’ transportation networks and typically provide that we are obligated to transport a specified percentage of our total stacktrain shipments with each of the rail carriers. The terms of our rail contracts, including rates, are generally subject to adjustment or renegotiation throughout the term of the contract, based on factors such as the continuing fairness of the contract terms, prevailing market conditions and changes in the rail carriers’ costs to provide rail service. Based upon these provisions, and the volume of freight that we ship with each of the rail carriers, we believe that we enjoy competitive transportation rates for our stacktrain shipments.

 

Agents and Independent Contractors

 

We rely on the services of agents, who procure business for and manage a group of trucking contractors, and independent trucking contractors in long haul and local trucking services. Although we own a small number of tractors and trailers, the majority of our truck equipment and drivers are provided by agents and independent contractors. Our relationships with agents and independent contractors allow us to provide customers with a broad range of trucking services without the need to commit capital to acquire and maintain a large trucking fleet. Although our agreements with agents and independent contractors are typically long-term in practice, they are generally terminable by either party on short notice.

 

Agents and independent trucking contractors are compensated on the basis of mileage rates, fixed fees between particular origins and destinations, or a fixed percentage of the revenue generated from the shipments they haul. Under the terms of our typical lease contracts, agents and independent contractors must pay all the expenses of operating their equipment, including driver wages and benefits, fuel, physical damage insurance, maintenance and debt service.

 

Local Trucking Companies

 

We have established a good working relationship with a large network of local truckers in many major urban centers throughout the United States. The quality of these relationships helps ensure reliable pickups and deliveries, which is a major differentiating factor among intermodal marketing companies. Our strategy has been to concentrate business with a select group of local truckers in a particular urban area, which increases our economic value to the local truckers and in turn raises the quality of service that we receive.

 

Risk Management and Insurance

 

We typically require all motor carriers to which we tender freight to carry at least $1,000,000 in commercial general liability insurance, $1,000,000 in truckers commercial automobile insurance and $100,000 in cargo insurance. Many carriers provide insurance limits exceeding these minimums. Railroads, which are generally self-insured, provide limited common carrier liability protection, generally up to $250,000 per shipment. We maintain a broad cargo liability policy to protect us against cargo damage claims that may not be recoverable from the responsible carriers or their insurers and for which we may be held liable.

 

In our operations as an authorized carrier or warehouseman, we maintain legal liability insurance to protect us against catastrophic claims arising from damage or loss to freight in transit or warehouse storage, or damage to our railcars and intermodal equipment.

 

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Our terms of carriage on international air and ocean shipments limit our liability consistent with industry standards. We offer our freight forwarding customers the option to purchase cargo coverage to insure their shipments.

 

We also carry commercial automobile liability, commercial general liability and employers liability insurance, designed to protect us from catastrophic loss, and umbrella and excess umbrella liability policies, with a total insurance limit of $50 million. Our self-insured retention (deductible) levels will vary based on claim frequency, severity and timing factors. Our current self-insured level per incident for commercial automobile liability is $1,000,000 until the aggregate value of claim payments per incident, between $500,000 and $1,000,000, equals $1,000,000, at which time our per occurrence deductible reduces to $500,000. Our current self-insured level per incident for commercial general liability is $1,000,000 until the aggregate value of claim payments per incident, between $500,000 and $1,000,000, equals $500,000, at which time the per occurrence deductible reduces to $500,000. Our current workers compensation and employers liability deductible is $350,000 per incident. Our current self-insured retention per incident for freight damage as an authorized carrier or warehouseman is $250,000.

 

Relationship with APL Limited

 

We have entered into a long-term agreement with APL Limited involving domestic transportation of APL Limited’s international freight. The majority of APL Limited’s imports to the United States are transported on stacktrains from ports on the West Coast to population centers in the Midwest and Northeast regions. However, domestic stacktrain freight that originates in the United States moves predominantly westbound from eastern and midwestern production centers to consumption centers on the West Coast. Combining the typical westbound freight movement with the predominantly eastbound APL Limited freight movement allows us to achieve higher train-set utilization (loads per train) and higher eastbound/westbound volumes, thereby improving our bargaining position with the railroads regarding contract terms. In addition, we provide APL Limited with equipment repositioning services through which we transport APL Limited’s empty containers from destinations within North America to their West Coast points of origin. To the extent we are able to fill these empty containers with the westbound freight of other wholesale customers, we receive compensation from both APL Limited for our repositioning service and from the other customers for shipment of their freight.

 

Business Cycle

 

The transportation industry has historically performed cyclically as a result of economic recession, customers’ business cycles, increases in prices charged by third-party carriers, interest rate fluctuations and other economic factors, many of which are beyond our control. Because we offer a variety of transportation modes and offer an economic intermodal product, we generally retain shipping volumes and benefit from increased use of our stacktrain services at the expense of long-haul trucking competitors during down business cycles. We also participate during periods of business expansion when speed of service to fill inventories increases in importance.

 

Competition

 

The transportation services industry is highly competitive. Our wholesale business competes primarily with over-the-road full truckload carriers, conventional intermodal movement of trailers-on-flatcars and containerized intermodal rail services offered directly by railroads. Our retail business competes primarily against other domestic non-asset-based transportation and logistics companies, asset-based transportation and logistics companies, third-party freight brokers, private shipping departments and freight forwarders. We also compete with transportation services companies for the services of independent commission agents, and with trucklines for the services of independent contractors and drivers. Competition in our wholesale and retail business is based primarily on freight rates, quality of service, such as damage free shipments, on-time delivery and consistent transit times, reliable pickup and delivery and scope of operations. In the wholesale business, our major competitors include Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Union Pacific, CSX Intermodal and J.B. Hunt

 

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Transport. Our major competitors in the retail business include C.H. Robinson, Expeditors International, ForwardAir, UTI Worldwide, Exel, Alliance Shippers, the supply chain solutions division of Ryder, Menlo Logistics, EGL, Inc. and Hub Group. We believe that none of these competitors provides as broad a service offering as we do. Some of the competitors in the segments in which we operate, such as C.H. Robinson, Burlington Northern Santa Fe and Union Pacific, have significantly larger operations and revenues than we do.

 

Employees

 

As of December 26, 2003, we had a total of 1,668 employees. None of our employees are represented by unions, and we generally consider our relationships with our employees to be satisfactory.

 

Government Regulation

 

Regulation of Our Trucking and Intermodal Operations

 

The transportation industry has been subject to legislative and regulatory changes that have affected the economics of the industry by requiring changes in operating practices or influencing the demand for, and cost of, providing transportation services. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that future legislative and regulatory changes may have on our business or results of operations.

 

Our retail truck brokerage operations are licensed by the U.S. Department of Transportation (“DOT”) as a national freight broker in arranging for the transportation of general commodities by motor vehicle. The DOT prescribes qualifications for acting in our capacity as a national freight broker, including surety bonding requirements. Our truck services and local cartage operations provide motor carrier transportation services that require registration with the DOT and compliance with economic regulations administered by the DOT, including a requirement to maintain insurance coverage in minimum prescribed amounts. Other sourcing and distribution activities may be subject to various federal and state food and drug statutes and regulations. Although Congress enacted legislation in 1994 that substantially preempts the authority of states to exercise economic regulation of motor carriers and brokers of freight, we continue to be subject to a variety of vehicle registration and licensing requirements. We and the carriers that we rely on in arranging transportation services for our customers are also subject to a variety of federal and state safety and environmental regulations. Although compliance with regulations governing licenses in these areas has not had a materially adverse effect on our operations or financial condition in the past, there can be no assurance that these regulations or changes in these regulations will not adversely affect our operations in the future. Violations of these regulations could also subject us to fines or, in the event of serious violations, suspension or revocation of operating authority as well as increased claims liability.

 

Intermodal operations like ours were exempted from virtually all active regulatory supervision by the U.S. Interstate Commerce Commission, predecessor to the regulatory responsibilities now held by the U.S. Surface Transportation Board. Such exemption is revocable by the Surface Transportation Board, but the standards for revocation of regulatory exemptions issued by the Interstate Commerce Commission or Surface Transportation Board are high.

 

Regulation of Our International Freight Forwarding Operations

 

We maintain licenses issued by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission as an ocean transportation intermediary. Our licenses govern both our operations as an ocean freight forwarder and as a non-vessel operating common carrier. The Federal Maritime Commission has established qualifications for shipping agents, including surety bond requirements. The Federal Maritime Commission also is responsible for the regulation and oversight of non-vessel operating common carriers that contract for space with vessel operating carriers and sell that space to commercial shippers and other non-vessel operating common carriers for freight originating and/or terminating in the United States. Non-vessel operating common carriers are required to publish and maintain tariffs that establish

 

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the rates to be charged for the movement of specified commodities into and out of the United States. The Federal Maritime Commission has the power to enforce these regulations by commencing enforcement proceedings seeking the assessment of penalties for violation of these regulations. For ocean shipments not originating or terminating in the United States, the applicable regulations and licensing requirements typically are less stringent than in the United States. We believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable regulations and licensing requirements in all countries in which we transact business.

 

We are also licensed as a customs broker by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Service of the Department of Treasury in each United States customs district in which we do business. All United States customs brokers are required to maintain prescribed records and are subject to periodic audits by the Customs Service. In other jurisdictions in which we perform customs brokerage services, we are licensed, where necessary, by the appropriate governmental authority. We believe we are in substantial compliance with these requirements.

 

Legal Contingencies

 

In connection with certain pending litigation and other claims, we have estimated the range of probable loss and provided for such losses through charges to our statements of operations. These estimates have been based on our assessment of the facts and circumstances at each balance sheet date and are subject to change based upon new information and future events.

 

From time to time, we are involved in disputes that arise in the ordinary course of business, and we do not expect this trend to change in the future. We are currently involved in certain legal proceedings as discussed in “Item 3. Legal Proceedings”, “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources” and “Note 9 – Commitments and Contingencies” to our consolidated financial statements. Based on currently available information and advice of counsel, we believe that we have meritorious defenses to the claims against us, and that none of these items will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity. However, our present assessment of the claims could change based on new information and future events. In addition, even if successful, our defense against certain actions could be costly and could divert the time and resources of our management and staff.

 

Environmental

 

Our facilities and operations are subject to federal, state and local environmental, hazardous materials transportation and occupational health and safety requirements, including those relating to the handling, labeling, shipping and transportation of hazardous materials, discharges of substances into the air, water and land, the handling, storage and disposal of wastes and the cleanup of properties affected by pollutants. In particular, a number of our facilities have underground and above ground tanks for the storage of diesel fuel and other petroleum products. These facilities are subject to requirements regarding the storage of such products and the clean-up of any leaks or spills. We could also have liability as a responsible party for costs to clean-up contamination at off-site locations where we have sent, or arranged for the transport of, wastes. We have not received any notices that we are potentially responsible for material clean-up costs at any off-site waste disposal location. We do not currently anticipate any material adverse effect on our business or financial condition as a result of our efforts to comply with environmental requirements nor do we believe that we have any material environmental liabilities. We also do not expect to incur material capital expenditures for environmental controls in 2004. However, there is no guarantee that changes in environmental requirements or liabilities from newly discovered environmental conditions will not have a material effect on our business.

 

Seasonality

 

Our revenues generally show a seasonal pattern as some customers reduce shipments during and after the winter holiday season. In addition, the auto companies that we serve generally shut down their assembly plants for new model re-tooling during the summer months.

 

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Risks Related to Our Common Stock

 

We have a single stockholder who can substantially influence the outcome of all matters voted upon by our stockholders and prevent actions which a stockholder may otherwise view favorably.

 

Apollo Management, L.P. (“Apollo Management”) currently beneficially owns approximately 23.4% of our outstanding common stock. As a result, Apollo Management is able to substantially influence all matters requiring stockholder approval, including the election of directors, the approval of significant corporate transactions, such as acquisitions, the ability to block an unsolicited tender offer and any other matter requiring a supermajority vote of stockholders. This concentration of ownership could delay, defer or prevent a change in control of our company or impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination that a stockholder may otherwise view favorably. We presently have an effective shelf registration statement permitting Apollo Management to sell our common stock publicly, and Apollo Management’s beneficial ownership would be reduced by any sales under this registration statement.

 

Because we have various mechanisms in place to discourage takeover attempts, a change in control of our company that a stockholder may consider favorable could be prevented.

 

Provisions of our charter and bylaws or Tennessee law may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions could also discourage proxy contests and make it more difficult for stockholders to elect directors and take other corporate actions. These provisions include:

 

  ·   Authorizing the issuance of “blank check” preferred stock that could be issued by our board of directors to increase the number of outstanding shares in order to thwart a takeover attempt;

 

  ·   A classified board of directors with staggered, three-year terms, which may lengthen the time required to gain control of the board of directors;

 

  ·   Prohibiting cumulative voting in the election of directors, which would otherwise allow less than a majority of stockholders to elect director candidates;

 

  ·   Requiring super-majority voting to effect particular amendments to our restated charter and amended bylaws;

 

  ·   Limitations on who may call special meetings of stockholders;

 

  ·   Requiring all stockholder actions to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders unless the stockholders unanimously agree to take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting;

 

  ·   Establishing advance notice requirements for nominations of candidates for election to the board of directors or for proposing matters that can be acted upon by stockholders at stockholder meetings; and

 

  ·   Prohibiting business combinations with interested stockholders unless particular conditions are met.

 

As a result, these provisions could limit the price that investors are willing to pay in the future for shares of our common stock. In addition, the Tennessee Greenmail Act and the Tennessee Control Share Acquisition Act may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company.

 

Future sales of our common stock in the public market may depress our stock price.

 

The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of sales by our existing stockholders of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market. We have an effective “shelf” registration statement,

 

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providing for the issuance by the Company of up to $150 million in additional common stock, preferred stock and warrants to purchase any of such securities and for the sale by Apollo Management of 8,702,893 shares of common stock (23.4% of the total common stock outstanding at December 26, 2003). There are currently no arrangements in place for the Company to issue any additional securities. At December 26, 2003, there were an additional 1,311,870 restricted shares that could be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act to the extent permitted under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Of these 1,311,870 restricted or affiliate securities, 889,873 shares are presently eligible for sale under Rule 144 subject to applicable holding period, volume limitations, manner of sale and notice requirements set forth in applicable SEC rules and 421,997 shares of the restricted securities are presently saleable without regard to these restrictions under Rule 144(k).

 

As of December 26, 2003, we have 3,671,079 shares of common stock reserved for issuance under our stock option plans, of which options to purchase 2,037,618 shares were outstanding as of December 26, 2003.

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We are dependent upon third parties for equipment and services essential to operate our business and if we fail to secure sufficient equipment or services, we could lose customers and revenues.

 

We are dependent upon transportation equipment such as chassis and containers and rail, truck and ocean services provided by independent third parties. We, along with competitors in our industry, have experienced equipment shortages in the past, particularly during peak shipping season in October and November. If we cannot secure sufficient transportation equipment or transportation services from these third parties to meet our customers’ needs, customers may seek to have their transportation and logistics needs met by other third parties on a temporary or permanent basis, and as a result, our business, results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected.

 

If we have difficulty attracting and retaining agents and independent contractors, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

 

We rely extensively on the services of agents and independent contractors to provide our trucking services. We rely on a fleet of vehicles which are owned and operated by independent trucking contractors and on agents representing groups of trucking contractors to transport customers’ goods by truck. Although we believe our relationships with our agents and independent contractors are good, we may not be able to maintain our relationships with them. Contracts with agents and independent contractors are, in most cases, terminable upon short notice by either party. If an agent terminates its relationship with us, some customers and independent contractors with which such agent has a direct relationship may also terminate their relationship with us. We may have trouble replacing our agents and independent contractors with equally qualified persons. We compete with transportation service companies and trucking companies for the services of agents and with trucking companies for the services of independent contractors and drivers. The pool of agents, contractors and drivers from which we draw is limited, and therefore competition from other transportation service companies and trucking companies has the effect of increasing the price we must pay to obtain their services. The industry is currently experiencing a shortage of independent contractors resulting in increased compensation expenses to us and our competitors who also rely on them. In addition, because independent contractors are not employees, they may not be as loyal to our company, requiring us to pay more to retain their services. If we are unable to attract or retain agents and independent contractors or need to increase the amount paid for their services, our results of operations could be adversely affected and we could experience difficulty increasing our business volume.

 

If we make future acquisitions, they may be financed in a way that reduces our reported earnings or imposes additional restrictions on our business.

 

If we make future acquisitions, we may issue shares of capital stock that dilute other stockholders, incur debt, assume significant liabilities or create additional expenses related to intangible assets, any of which might

 

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reduce our reported earnings or reduce earnings per share and cause our stock price to decline. In addition, any financing that we might need for future acquisitions may be available to us only on terms that restrict our business.

 

Competition in our industry causes downward pressure on freight rates that could adversely affect our business.

 

The transportation services industry is highly competitive. Our retail businesses compete primarily against other domestic non-asset based transportation and logistics companies, asset-based transportation and logistics companies, third-party freight brokers, shipping departments of our customers and other freight forwarders. Our wholesale business competes primarily with over-the-road full truckload carriers, conventional intermodal movement of trailers on flat cars, and containerized intermodal rail services offered directly by railroads. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, marketing and other resources than we do, which may allow them to better withstand an economic downturn, reduce their prices more easily than we can or expand or enhance the marketing of their products. There are a number of large companies competing in one or more segments of our industry, although the number of companies with a global network that offer a full complement of logistics services is more limited. Depending on the location of the customer and the scope of services requested, we must compete against both the niche players and larger entities. In addition, customers are increasingly turning to competitive bidding situations involving bids from a number of competitors, including competitors that are larger than we are. We also face competition from Internet-based freight exchanges, or electronic bid environments, which attempt to provide an online marketplace for buying and selling supply chain services. Historically, competition has created downward pressure on freight rates. In particular, we have experienced downward pressure in the pricing of our wholesale and retail services that has reduced our revenues and operating results. Continuation of this rate pressure may materially adversely affect our revenues and income from operations. In particular, continued pricing pressure in our wholesale segment, particularly from our railroad competitors in the intermodal business, could adversely affect the yields of our intermodal product.

 

A decrease in intermodal volume shipments would adversely affect our revenues and operating results.

 

A decrease in intermodal transportation services resulting from general economic conditions or other factors such as work stoppages or price competition from other modes of transportation service would have an adverse effect on our revenues and operating results. The economic downturn that began in the fourth quarter of 2000 resulted in a significant decrease in aggregate domestic intermodal car volumes based on data compiled by the Association of American Railroads. Although this downturn adversely affected our 2001 operating results and our 2002 gross revenues, it has become less of a concern in 2003 as domestic intermodal volumes have begun to increase.

 

Our customers who are also competitors could transfer their business to their non-competitors which would decrease our profitability.

 

As a result of our company operating in two distinct but related intermodal segments, we buy and sell transportation services from and to many companies with which we compete. For example, Hub Group, GST Corp and Alliance Shippers, three of the 10 largest customers of our wholesale operations, who accounted for 22% of the 2003 revenues of our wholesale operations, are also competitors of our retail operations. It is possible that these customers could transfer their business away from us to other companies with which they do not compete. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the profitability of our wholesale operations. In addition, rather than outsourcing their transportation logistics requirements to us, some of our customers could decide to provide these services internally which could further adversely affect our business volumes and revenues.

 

Our revenues could be reduced by the loss of major customers.

 

We have derived, and believe we will continue to derive, a significant portion of our revenues from our largest customers. In 2003, Union Pacific and Ford accounted for approximately 8% and 7%, respectively, of our

 

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gross revenues and our 10 largest customers accounted for approximately 46% of our gross revenues. The loss of one or more of our major customers could have a material adverse effect on our revenues, business and prospects.

 

Work stoppages or other disruptions at seaports could adversely affect our operating results.

 

A significant portion of the freight moved by us for our customers originates at ports on the West Coast. Freight arriving at West coast ports must be offloaded from ships by longshoremen, none of whom are our employees. On September 29, 2002 (during our fiscal fourth quarter), West Coast ports were shut down as a result of a labor dispute. On October 9, 2002, the ports were reopened as a result of a court order implementing provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act. Third party international loadings and repositioning revenue from our wholesale segment were adversely impacted during the shutdown of the ports. In addition, railcar utilization declined during the shutdown impacting railcar revenues. The shutdown also impacted our local trucking and harbor drayage on the West Coast with lower volumes and our retail segment international freight forwarding operations were impacted due to reduced ship sailings. In January 2003, a new six-year contract was agreed to by the International Longshore and Warehouse Union and the Pacific Maritime Association. However, any additional work stoppage or slowdown or other disruption, such as resulting from an act of terrorism or war, could adversely affect our operating income and cash flows in both our wholesale and retail segments.

 

Service instability in the railroad industry could increase costs and decrease demand for our intermodal services.

 

We depend on the major railroads in the United States for substantially all of the intermodal transportation services we provide. In many markets, rail service is limited to a few railroads or even a single railroad. Any reduction in service by the railroads with which we have relationships is likely to increase the cost of the rail-based services we provide and reduce the reliability, timeliness and overall attractiveness of our rail-based services. For example, from 1997 to 1999, service disruptions related to consolidation and restructuring in the railroad industry interrupted intermodal service throughout the United States. Service problems arising from prior mergers in the railroad industry appear to be largely resolved. However, consolidation and restructuring could continue to occur in the railroad industry and it is possible that future service disruptions could result, which would decrease the efficiency of our wholesale business. Although we were not substantially adversely affected by past service disruptions, we could be substantially affected by service disruptions in the future. In addition, because the railroads’ workforce is generally subject to collective bargaining agreements, our business could be adversely affected by labor disputes between the railroads and their union employees. Our business could also be adversely affected by a work stoppage at one or more railroads or by other conditions, such as adverse weather or an act of terrorism or war, that hinder the railroads’ ability to provide transportation services. Such an adverse effect could be material if the work stoppage or other adverse conditions have a material effect on major railroad interchange facilities or areas through which significant amounts of our rail shipments pass, such as the Los Angeles and Chicago gateways. In addition, the railroads are relatively free to adjust shipping rates up or down as market conditions permit. Although the application of rate increases to our wholesale business is limited by our long-term contracts with the railroads, such increases could result in higher costs to our customers and decreased demand for our services.

 

As we expand our services internationally, we may become subject to international economic and political risks.

 

A portion of our business is providing services internationally. International revenues accounted for approximately 9% of our gross revenues in 2003 compared to 9% in 2002 and 10% in 2001. Doing business outside the United States subjects us to various risks, including changing economic and political conditions, major work stoppages, exchange controls, currency fluctuations, armed conflicts and unexpected changes in United States and foreign laws relating to tariffs, trade restrictions, transportation regulations, foreign investments and taxation. Significant expansion in foreign countries will expose us to increased risk of loss from foreign currency fluctuations and exchange controls as well as longer accounts receivable payment cycles. We have no control over most of these risks and may be unable to anticipate changes in international economic and

 

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political conditions and, therefore, unable to alter our business practices in time to avoid the adverse effect of any of these changes.

 

We have an extensive relationship with our former parent, APL Limited, and we depend on APL Limited for essential services. Our business and results of operations could be adversely affected if APL Limited failed or refused to provide such services or terminated the relationship.

 

Pursuant to long-term contracts, APL Limited, the former owner of our wholesale stacktrain services business, supplies us with chassis from its equipment fleet for the transport of international freight on behalf of other international shippers. In addition, we transport APL Limited’s international cargo on our stacktrain network to locations in the United States using the chassis and equipment supplied by APL Limited. The additional wholesale volume attributable to the transport of APL Limited’s international cargo contributes to our ability to obtain favorable provisions in our rail contracts. APL Limited pays us a fee for repositioning its empty containers within North America so that the containers can be reused in trans-Pacific shipping operations. In addition, APL Limited is currently providing us with computers, software and other information technology necessary for the operation of our wholesale stacktrain business. If any of our contracts with APL Limited were terminated or if APL Limited were unwilling or unable to fulfill its obligations to us under the terms of these contracts, our business, results of operations and financial position could be materially adversely affected.

 

If we fail to develop, integrate, upgrade or replace our information technology systems, we may lose orders and customers or incur costs beyond our expectations.

 

Increasingly, we compete for customers based upon the flexibility and sophistication of our technologies supporting our services. The failure of the hardware or software that supports our information technology systems, the loss of data contained in the systems, or the inability to access or interact with our website, could significantly disrupt our operations, prevent customers from making orders, or cause us to lose orders or customers. If our information technology systems are unable to handle additional volume for our operations as our business and scope of services grow, our service levels, operating efficiency and future freight volumes will decline. In addition, we expect customers to continue to demand more sophisticated, fully integrated information systems from their supply chain management service providers. If we fail to hire qualified personnel to implement and maintain our information technology systems or we fail to upgrade or replace our information technology systems to handle increased volumes, meet the demands of our customers and protect against disruptions of our operations, we may lose orders and customers that could seriously harm our business.

 

We are currently engaged in arbitration with an unrelated third-party developer seeking damages for the developer’s failure to complete a contract to develop a stand-alone information technology system to replace APL Limited’s computer system used by our stacktrain operations. We have capitalized an aggregate of $11.5 million for the acquisition and development of software in connection with this conversion project, including $6.9 million paid to the third party developer involved in the arbitration. While we believe that it is probable that software being developed for internal use will be completed and placed in service, if facts and circumstances change which would indicate that it is no longer probable that the computer software under development will be completed and placed in service, we may need to recognize an impairment of the previously capitalized software.

 

If we lose key personnel and qualified technical staff, our ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business will be weakened.

 

We believe that the attraction and retention of qualified personnel is critical to our success. If we lose key personnel or are unable to recruit qualified personnel, our ability to manage the day-to-day aspects of our business will be weakened. Our operations and prospects depend in large part on the performance of our senior management team. The loss of the services of one or more members of our senior management team, particularly Donald C. Orris, our chairman, president and chief executive officer, could have a material adverse effect on our

 

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business, financial condition and results of operation. You should be aware that we face significant competition in the attraction and retention of personnel who possess the skill sets that we seek. Because our senior management team, particularly Mr. Orris, has unique experience with our company and within the transportation industry, it would be difficult to replace them without adversely affecting our business operations. In addition to their unique experience, our management team has fostered key relationships with our suppliers. Such relationships are especially important in a non-asset based company such as ours. Loss of these relationships could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.

 

If we fail to comply with or lose any required licenses, governmental regulators could assess penalties against us or issue a cease and desist order against our operations which are not in compliance.

 

Our retail truck brokerage operation is licensed by the DOT as a broker in arranging for the transportation of general commodities by motor vehicle. The DOT has established requirements for acting in this capacity, including insurance and surety bond requirements. Our truck services and local cartage operations are regulated as motor carriers by the DOT and various state agencies, subjecting these operations to insurance, surety bond, safety and other regulatory requirements. Our international freight forwarding operation is licensed as an ocean transportation intermediary by the U.S. Federal Maritime Commission. The Federal Maritime Commission regulates ocean freight forwarders and non-vessel operating common carriers like us that contract for space with the actual vessel operator and sell that space to commercial shippers and other non-vessel operating common carriers for freight originating and/or terminating in the United States. Non-vessel operating common carriers must publish and maintain tariffs for the movement of specified commodities into and out of the United States. The Federal Maritime Commission may enforce these regulations by instituting proceedings seeking the assessment of penalties for violations of these regulations. For ocean shipments not originating or terminating in the United States, the applicable regulations and licensing requirements typically are less stringent than in the United States. Our international freight forwarding operation is also licensed, regulated and subject to periodic audit as a customs broker by the Customs Service of the Department of Treasury in each United States customs district in which we do business. In other jurisdictions in which we perform customs brokerage services, we are licensed, where necessary, by the appropriate governmental authority. Our failure to comply with the laws and regulations of any of these governmental regulators, and any resultant suspension or loss of our licenses, could result in penalties or a cease and desist order against any operations that are not in compliance. Such an occurrence would have an adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

 

We, our suppliers and our customers are subject to changes in government regulation which could result in additional costs and thereby affect our results of operations.

 

The transportation industry is subject to legislative or regulatory changes that can affect its economics. Although we primarily operate in the intermodal segment of the transportation industry, which has been essentially deregulated, changes in the levels of regulatory activity in the intermodal segment could potentially affect us and our suppliers and customers. Our trucking operations and those of the trucking companies and independent contractors we engage are subject to regulation by the DOT and various state and local agencies, which govern such activities as authorization to engage in motor carrier operations, safety, and insurance requirements. On January 4, 2004, revised DOT hours of service regulations became effective. These revised regulations could reduce the potential or practical amount of time that drivers can spend driving, if shippers are unwilling to assist in managing the drivers’ non-driving activities, such as loading, unloading, and waiting. They may also affect the ability to make timely deliveries. If these changes increase the amounts charged by the trucking companies and independent contractors we engage to provide transportation to our customers and we cannot pass the additional costs through to our customers, our operating results could be adversely affected. Future laws and regulations may be more stringent and require changes in operating practices, influence the demand for transportation services or require the outlay of significant additional costs. Additional expenditures incurred by us, or by our suppliers, who would pass the costs onto us through higher prices, would adversely affect our results of operation. In addition, we have a substantial number of wholesale customers who provide ocean carriage of intermodal shipments. These wholesale customers as well as our international freight

 

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forwarding operations are subject to regulation by the Federal Maritime Commission, U.S. Customs and by other international, foreign, federal and state authorities. Regulatory changes in the ocean shipping or international freight forwarding industries could affect our freight forwarding operations or have a material impact on the competitiveness and/or efficiency of operations of our various ocean carrier customers, which could adversely affect our business.

 

Our operating results are subject to cyclical fluctuations and our quarterly revenues may also fluctuate, potentially affecting our stock price.

 

Historically, sectors of the transportation industry have been cyclical as a result of economic recession, customers’ business cycles, increases in prices charged by third-party carriers, interest rate fluctuations and other economic factors such as changes in fuel costs over which we have no control. Increased operating expenses incurred by third-party carriers can be expected to result in higher costs to us, and our net revenues and income from operations could be materially adversely affected if we were unable to pass through to our customers the full amount of increased transportation costs. We have a large number of customers in the automotive and consumer goods industries. If these customers experience cyclical movements in their business activity, due to an economic downturn, work stoppages or other factors over which we have no control, the volume of freight shipped by those customers may decrease and our operating results could be adversely affected. Any unexpected reduction in revenues for a particular quarter could cause our quarterly operating results to be below the expectations of public market analysts or stockholders. In this event, the trading price of our common stock may fall significantly.

 

If the markets in which we operate do not grow, our business could be adversely affected.

 

The failure of the transportation and logistics industries and their segments, including the third-party logistics market, to continue to grow may have a material adverse effect on our business and the market price of our common stock.

 

Our debt levels may limit our flexibility in obtaining additional financing and in pursuing other business opportunities.

 

As of December 26, 2003, our long-term debt was $214.1 million. We have the ability to incur new debt, subject to limitations in our credit agreement.

 

Our level of indebtedness could have important consequences to us, including the following:

 

  ·   Our ability to obtain additional financing, if necessary, for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or other purposes may be impaired or such financing may not be available on favorable terms;

 

  ·   We will need a substantial portion of our cash flow to pay the principal and interest on our indebtedness, including indebtedness that we may incur in the future;

 

  ·   Payments on our indebtedness will reduce the funds that would otherwise be available for our operations and future business opportunities;

 

  ·   A substantial decrease in our net operating cash flows could make it difficult for us to meet our debt service requirements and force us to modify our operations;

 

  ·   We may be more highly leveraged than our competitors, which may place us at a competitive disadvantage;

 

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  ·   Our debt level may make us more vulnerable than our competitors to a downturn in our business or the economy generally;

 

  ·   Our debt level reduces our flexibility in responding to changing business and economic conditions; and

 

  ·   All of our debt has a variable rate of interest, which increases our vulnerability to interest rate fluctuations.

 

We may not have sufficient cash to service our indebtedness.

 

Our ability to service our indebtedness will depend upon, among other things:

 

  ·   Our future financial and operating performance, which will be affected by prevailing economic conditions and financial, business, regulatory and other factors, some of which are beyond our control; and

 

  ·   The future availability of borrowings under our new credit facility or any successor facility, the availability of which may depend on, among other things, our complying with certain covenants.

 

If our operating results and borrowings under our new credit facility are not sufficient to service our current or future indebtedness, we will be forced to take actions such as reducing or delaying acquisitions, investments, strategic alliances and/or capital expenditures, selling assets, restructuring or refinancing our indebtedness, or seeking additional equity capital or bankruptcy protection. There is no assurance that we can effect any of these remedies on satisfactory terms, or at all.

 

Our senior credit agreement contains operating and financial restrictions which may restrict our business and financing activities.

 

The operating and financial restrictions and covenants in our credit agreement and any future financing agreements could adversely affect our ability to finance future operations or capital needs or to engage in other business activities. In addition, our credit agreement restricts our ability to:

 

  ·   declare dividends, redeem or repurchase capital stock;

 

  ·   prepay, redeem or purchase debt;

 

  ·   incur liens and engage in sale and leaseback transactions;

 

  ·   make loans and investments;

 

  ·   incur additional indebtedness;

 

  ·   amend or otherwise change debt and other material agreements;

 

  ·   make capital expenditures;

 

  ·   engage in mergers, acquisitions and asset sales;

 

  ·   enter into transactions with affiliates; and

 

  ·   change our primary business.

 

Our credit agreement also requires us to satisfy interest coverage and leverage ratios.

 

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A breach of any of the restrictions, covenants, ratios or tests in our debt agreements could result in defaults under these agreements. A significant portion of our indebtedness then may become immediately due and payable. We might not have, or be able to obtain, sufficient funds to make these accelerated payments. In addition, our obligations under our credit agreement are secured by substantially all of our assets.

 

A determination by regulators that our independent contractors are employees could expose us to various liabilities and additional costs.

 

From time to time, tax and other regulatory authorities have sought to assert that independent contractors in the trucking industry are employees, rather than independent contractors. In the future these authorities could be successful in asserting this position, or the interpretations and tax laws that consider these persons independent contractors could change. If our independent contractors are determined to be our employees, that determination could materially increase our exposure under a variety of federal and state tax, worker’s compensation, unemployment benefits, labor, employment and tort laws, as well as our potential liability for employee benefits. Our business model relies on the fact that our independent contractors are not deemed to be our employees, and exposure to any of the above increased costs would impair our competitiveness in the industry.

 

If we are unable to identify, make and successfully integrate acquisitions, our profitability could be adversely affected.

 

Identifying, acquiring and integrating businesses requires substantial management, financial and other resources and may pose risks with respect to customer service and market share. Further, acquisitions involve a number of special risks, some or all of which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operation. These risks include:

 

  ·   unforeseen operating difficulties and expenditures;

 

  ·   difficulties in assimilation of acquired personnel, operations and technologies;

 

  ·   the need to manage a significantly larger and more geographically dispersed business;

 

  ·   impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets;

 

  ·   diversion of management’s attention from ongoing development of our business or other business concerns;

 

  ·   potential loss of customers;

 

  ·   failure to retain key personnel of the acquired businesses; and

 

  ·   the use of substantial amounts of our available cash.

 

We have acquired a number of businesses in the past and, although we are not presently considering any significant acquisitions, we may consider acquiring businesses in the future that provide complementary services to those we currently provide or expand our geographic presence. We cannot predict whether we will be able to identify suitable acquisition candidates or be able to acquire them on reasonable terms or at all, and a failure to do so could limit our ability to expand our business. While we believe that we have sufficient financial and management resources and experience to successfully conduct our acquisition activities and integrate the acquired businesses into our operations, our acquisition activities involve more difficult integration issues than those of many other companies because the value of the companies we acquire comes mostly from their business relationships, rather than their assets. The integration of business relationships poses more of a risk than the

 

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integration of tangible assets because relationships may suddenly weaken or terminate. Further, logistics businesses we have acquired and may acquire in the future compete with many customers of our wholesale operations, and these customers may shift their business elsewhere if they believe our retail operations receive favorable treatment from our wholesale operations. If we are unable to successfully integrate business that we have acquired in the past or any business that we may acquire in the future, we could experience difficulties with customers, personnel or others, and our acquisitions might not enhance our competitive position, business or financial prospects.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

The Company is party to various legal proceedings, claims and assessments arising in the normal course of its business activities. However, management believes none of these items will have a material adverse impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

Two subsidiaries of our company engaged in the local cartage and harbor drayage operations, Interstate Consolidation, Inc., which was subsequently merged into Pacer Cartage, Inc., and Intermodal Container Service, Inc., were named defendants in a class action filed in July 1997 in the State of California, Los Angeles Superior Court, Central District, alleging, among other things, breach of fiduciary duty, unfair business practices, conversion and money had and received in connection with monies (including insurance premium costs) allegedly wrongfully deducted from truck drivers’ earnings. The plaintiffs and defendants entered into a Judge Pro Tempore Submission Agreement on October 9, 1998, pursuant to which they waived their rights to a jury trial, stipulated to a certified class, and agreed to a minimum judgment of $250,000 and a maximum judgment of $1.75 million. On August 11, 2000, the trial court issued its Statement of Decision, in which the former subsidiaries prevailed on all issues except one. The only adverse ruling was the trial court’s finding that the former subsidiaries failed to issue certificates of insurance to the owner-operators and therefore failed to disclose that in 1998 the former subsidiaries’ retention on their liability policy was $250,000. The trial court ordered that restitution of $488,978 be paid for this omission. On January 23, 2002, the trial court entered judgment on its decision. Plaintiffs’ counsel then appealed all issues except the independent contractor status of the drivers, and we appealed the disclosure and restitution issue. Appellate arguments were heard in November 2003. On December 12, 2003, the appellate court issued its decision, affirming the trial court’s decision on all issues except one. The appellate court reversed the trial court’s decision that the owner-operators could be charged for the worker compensation insurance coverage that they elected to obtain through our subsidiaries and remanded this issue to the trial court for a determination of whether this provision of the owner-operator agreement violated California’s Business and Professions Code and, if so, to determine an appropriate remedy. We are seeking review at the California Supreme Court of this workers compensation related issue. The plaintiffs are seeking Supreme Court review of only one issue which the trial court and appellate court decided in our favor, namely that our subsidiaries’ providing insurance for their independent contractor owner-operators does not constitute engaging in the insurance business without a license under California law. Based upon information presently available and in light of legal and other defenses, management does not expect these legal proceedings to have a material adverse impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or liquidity.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2003.

 

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EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our executive officers.

 

Name


   Age

  

Position with Pacer International


Donald C. Orris

   62    Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer

Michael E. Uremovich

   60    Vice Chairman

Lawrence C. Yarberry

   61    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Michael F. Killea

   42    Executive Vice President and General Counsel

C. William Smith

   57    Executive Vice President, Human Resources

Alex M. Munn

   55    Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer

Charles T. Shurstad

   57    Executive Vice President, and President, Pacer Stacktrain – Wholesale Segment

Charles E. Hoffman

   61    Executive Vice President and President, Highway Services – Retail Segment

Jeffrey R. Brashares

   51    Executive Vice President, and President, Rail/Intermodal Services – Retail Segment

Gerry Angeli

   57    Executive Vice President, and President, Pacer Transport – Retail Segment

Brian C. Kane

   48    Vice President, Corporate Controller

 

Donald C. Orris has served as our Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer since May 1999. Mr. Orris serves as Chief Executive Officer pursuant to the terms of a shareholder agreement. From Pacer Logistics’ inception in March 1997 until May 1999, Mr. Orris served as Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Pacer Logistics. From March 1997 until May 1998, Mr. Orris served as President and Chief Executive Officer of an affiliate of Pacer Logistics. He also has served as Chairman of Pacer Logistics’ other subsidiaries since their formation or acquisition by Pacer Logistics. Mr. Orris is also a director of Quality Distribution, Inc., a provider of bulk transportation services.

 

Michael E. Uremovich has served as Vice Chairman of our company since October 2003. Mr. Uremovich served as a consultant to the company from 1998 until October 2003. From 1991 until 1995, Mr. Uremovich was the Vice President of Marketing for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Prior to Southern Pacific Railroad, Mr. Uremovich held a variety of positions at American President Companies, including Vice President of Marketing and Logistics Services.

 

Lawrence C. Yarberry has served as an Executive Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of our company since May 1999. Mr. Yarberry served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Pacer Logistics from May 1998 until May 1999. Mr. Yarberry served as a consultant to Pacer Logistics from February 1998 until April 1998. From April 1990 until December 1997, Mr. Yarberry served as a Vice President of Finance of Southern Pacific Transportation Company and was Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer of Southern Pacific Rail Corporation.

 

Michael F. Killea has served as Executive Vice President and General Counsel of our company since August 2001. From October 1999 through July 2001, he was a partner at the law firm of Holland & Knight LLP in New York City and Jacksonville, Florida, and from September 1987 through September 1999, he was a partner and an associate at the law firm of O’Sullivan LLP (now O’Melveny & Myers, LLP) in New York City.

 

C. William Smith has served as Executive Vice President, Human Resources of our company since August 2002. Mr. Smith also served as Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Pacer Global Logistics from December 2000 to August 2002. Prior to joining Pacer, Mr. Smith was Vice President and Chief Operating Officer for Rail Van from February 1992 until its sale to Pacer in December 2000.

 

Alex M. Munn has served as Executive Vice President and Chief Information Officer of our company since August 2002. Mr. Munn joined the company in May 2002 as the Chief Information Officer of Pacer Global Logistics. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Munn was the Vice President of Business Systems for the Coca-Cola Company’s North American Division since 1996.

 

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Charles T. Shurstad has served as President of Pacer Stacktrain since January 2002. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Shurstad was the President of The Belt Railway Company of Chicago from 1998. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Shurstad was the Chief Operating Officer of the Malayan Railway and from 1995 to 1997 he was the President of the Terminal Railroad of St. Louis.

 

Charles E. Hoffman has served as Executive Vice President of Pacer Global Logistics and President of its Highway Services division since May 2003. From February 2002 to May 2003, Mr. Hoffman was Director of Automotive Business Development with UPS. Mr. Hoffman also served as Vice President of Fritz Surface Transportation from June 2000 to February 2002, as Managing Director of Ryder Carrier Management Europe from 1996 to 2000; and as Chief Operating Officer of Logicorp, a non-asset based third-party logistics firm from 1989 to 1995.

 

Jeffrey R. Brashares has served as President of Transportation Services of the retail segment of our company since December 2000. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Brashares was an owner and served as President of Rail Van since 1984. Rail Van became a subsidiary and part of our retail segment in December 2000. Mr. Brashares joined Rail Van as Regional Sales Manager in 1976.

 

Gerry Angeli has served as an Executive Vice President of our company since May 1999. From Pacer Logistics’ inception in March 1997 until May 1999, Mr. Angeli served as an Executive Vice President and Assistant Secretary of Pacer Logistics and as a Director of Pacer Logistics from April 1998 until May 1999. He also served as a Director of each of Pacer Logistics’ subsidiaries. Since May 1998, Mr. Angeli has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and Vice President of subsidiaries of Pacer Logistics. Mr. Angeli also served as a Vice President and Assistant Secretary of Pacific Motor Transport Company (“PMTC”), a subsidiary of Pacer Logistics, from March 1997 until May 1998.

 

Brian C. Kane has served as Vice President and Corporate Controller of our company since November 2003. Mr. Kane served as Vice President and Controller of Pacer Stacktrain from May 1999 until November 2003 and prior to that as Director of Financial Reporting from May 1998 until May 1999. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Kane was Vice President Finance for the Shell Martinez Refining Company from November 1996 until May 1998 and Controller for Southern Pacific Transportation Company from April 1990 until November 1996.

 

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Part II.

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

Our common stock is listed and traded on The Nasdaq Stock Market’s National Market (“Nasdaq”) under the symbol “PACR”.

 

The following table sets forth, since the Company’s initial public offering of common stock on June 18, 2002 as discussed below, the per share range of high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported on Nasdaq.

 

     Common Stock

         High    

       Low    

2003

             

1st quarter

   $ 14.75    $ 11.70

2nd quarter

   $ 20.35    $ 12.30

3rd quarter

   $ 22.10    $ 17.37

4th quarter

   $ 23.21    $ 19.42

2002

             

2nd quarter

   $ 17.29    $ 14.95

3rd quarter

   $ 17.40    $ 10.63

4th quarter

   $ 13.92    $ 9.11

 

As of March 1, 2004, there were approximately 53 record holders of our common stock.

 

Dividend Policy

 

The Company has not declared cash dividends on its common stock for the periods presented above and has no present intention of doing so. We currently intend to retain our future earnings, if any, to repay debt or to finance the further expansion and continued growth of our business. In addition, our ability to pay cash dividends is currently restricted under the terms of our credit agreement. Future dividends, if any, will be determined by our board of directors.

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

Information concerning our equity compensation plan is shown under Item 12 – Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following table presents, as of the dates and for the periods indicated, selected historical financial information for the Company as discussed below. The selected historical information at December 26, 2003 and December 27, 2002 and for the fiscal years ended December 26, 2003, December 27, 2002 and December 28, 2001 have been derived from, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this annual report. The selected historical information at December 28, 2001, December 29, 2000 and December 31, 1999, and for the fiscal years ended December 29, 2000 and December 31, 1999 have been derived from our audited financial statements which are not included in this annual report.

 

Prior to our May 1999 recapitalization, our name was APL Land Transport Services, Inc., and we were a wholly-owned subsidiary of APL Limited. See Note 1 to our audited financial statements included in this annual report.

 

The following table should also be read in conjunction with our audited financial statements and the related notes thereto and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included elsewhere in this annual report.

 

    Fiscal Year Ended

 
    Dec. 26,
    2003    


    Dec. 27,
    2002 1/    


    Dec. 28,
    2001    


    Dec. 29,
    2000 2/    


    Dec. 31,
    1999 3/    


 
    (in millions, except share and per share amounts)  

Statement of Operations Data:

                                       

Gross revenues

  $ 1,668.6     $ 1,608.2     $ 1,670.9     $ 1,281.3     $ 927.7  

Cost of purchased transportation and services

    1,293.7       1,257.0       1,337.8       1,003.2       733.7  

Net revenues

    374.9       351.2       333.1       278.1       194.0  

Direct operating expenses

    106.9       106.7       101.7       90.4       76.8  

Selling, general and administrative expenses

    180.9       160.3       157.7       105.0       60.6  

Depreciation and amortization

    7.9       10.1       18.3       11.6       8.6  

Merger and severance

    -       -       0.4       7.7       -  

Other

    -       -       4.0       -       -  

Income from operations

    79.2       74.1       51.0       63.4       48.0  

Net income

    31.3       24.8       7.0       14.8       16.6  

Net income per share: 4/

                                       

Basic

  $ 0.85     $ 0.81     $ 0.31     $ 0.68     $ 0.39  

Diluted

  $ 0.82     $ 0.74     $ 0.27     $ 0.60     $ 0.34  

Weighted average common shares outstanding:

                                       

Basic

    37,003,785       30,575,940       22,996,462       21,941,540       20,880,000  

Diluted

    37,988,697       33,373,752       28,287,952       27,586,726       27,039,870  

Balance Sheet Data (at period end):

                                       

Total assets

  $ 594.5     $ 618.4     $ 632.9     $ 658.4     $ 455.0  

Total debt including capital leases

    214.1       256.6       397.9       405.4       284.4  

Minority interest – Exchangeable preferred stock of subsidiary

    -       -       25.7       25.0       23.4  

Total stockholders’ equity (deficit)

    216.1       180.7       3.0       (2.9 )     (31.7 )

Working capital

    58.7       36.5       20.1       12.6       (3.7 )

Cash Flow Data:

                                       

Net cash provided by operating activities

  $ 60.2     $ 29.1     $ 21.5     $ 1.2     $ 20.8  

Net cash used in investing activities

    (3.2 )     (7.8 )     (14.4 )     (130.7 )     (74.0 )

Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities

    (57.7 )     (20.9 )     (7.4 )     117.3       65.4  

Other Financial Data:

                                       

Capital expenditures

  $ 3.4     $ 8.7     $ 14.6     $ 5.5     $ 2.0  

 

1/ Includes the effects of our initial public offering of common stock on June 18, 2002 including our 2 for 1 stock split which has been reflected in all periods presented above, the conversion of preferred stock to

 

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common stock and the repayment of debt. See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements. In addition, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” effective December 29, 2001 and ceased to amortize goodwill on that date.

 

2/ Includes the results of Conex Global Logistics Services, Inc., GTS Transportation Services, Inc., RFI Group, Inc. and Rail Van Inc. since their dates of acquisition by us on January 13, 2000, August 31, 2000, October 31, 2000 and December 22, 2000, respectively.

 

3/ Includes the results of Pacer Logistics since acquisition by us on May 28, 1999. In connection with our recapitalization and acquisition of Pacer Logistics, Inc. in 1999, APL Land Transport Services, Inc. was renamed Pacer International. Pacer Logistics was merged into the company in May 2003.

 

4/ Net income of $8.5 million for the period from January 1, 1999 through May 28, 1999 has been excluded as prior to the recapitalization and acquisition of Pacer Logistics on May 28, 1999, our stacktrain operations were a division of APL Limited and did not have common stock.

 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Overview

 

We are a leading non-asset based North American third-party logistics provider offering a broad array of services to facilitate the movement of freight from origin to destination. We operate in two segments, the wholesale segment and the retail segment (see Note 10 to the consolidated financial statements for segment information). Our wholesale segment provides intermodal rail transportation and local trucking services primarily to intermodal marketing companies, large automotive intermediaries and international shipping companies. Our retail segment provides truck brokerage and truck services, intermodal marketing services, warehousing and distribution, international freight forwarding and supply chain management services primarily to shippers.

 

Executive Summary

 

Our results for 2003 improved over 2002 and 2001, primarily as a result of strength in our wholesale segment operations. Over the last three years we have been able to increase net revenues, income from operations, net income, earnings per share and operating cash flows each year as shown in the table below. In addition, since December 29, 2000, we have reduced our long-term debt by $191.3 million to a total of $214.1 million at December 26, 2003. In June 2002 we completed our IPO, and in June and July 2003 we refinanced our debt and redeemed the $150.0 million 11.75% senior subordinated notes, reducing our interest expense dramatically. In November 2003 we completed the repricing of our senior credit facility that will further reduce our interest expense in 2004 and beyond. We plan to continue to repay debt with our operating cash flows.

 

         2003    

       2002    

       2001    

     (in millions, except per share amounts)

Net revenues

   $ 374.9    $ 351.2    $ 333.1

Income from operations .

     79.2      74.1      51.0

Net income

     31.3      24.8      7.0

Diluted EPS

   $ 0.82    $ 0.74    $ 0.27

Operating cash flow

     60.2      29.1      21.5

 

For 2003, our wholesale stacktrain operations continue to be the strength of the company, contributing $78.3 million of income from operations for the year. That strength came from wholesale automotive volumes,

 

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up 20.1% in 2003 compared to 2002, and third-party domestic volumes, up 10.3% in 2003 compared to 2002. Our cartage operations were able to increase revenues by $15.0 million in 2003 compared to 2002 due primarily to new trucking locations in 2003, but were not able to bring that improvement to income from operations due primarily to start-up costs related to the new locations and a vehicle accident during the year and the related insurance costs. While we experienced volume increases from many of our rail brokerage customers, these increases were offset due to the curtailment by the federal government of its policy of allowing AMTRAK trains to handle a given amount of freight traffic, which resulted in reduced shipments from one large customer in particular. This accounted for a $20 million reduction in revenue for 2003 compared to 2002. Our truck brokerage operations also experienced increased shipments from many customers, but not of a sufficient amount to equal or exceed the increased fourth quarter 2002 shipments due to the West Coast port strike in October 2002. This accounted for approximately $8 million of reduced revenues for our truck brokerage unit compared to 2002.

 

On January 4, 2004 the U.S. Department of Transportation implemented new hours of service rules that limit the amount of time truck drivers can spend driving before a rest is required. The new rules allow long haul truck drivers to drive 11 hours after 10 consecutive hours off duty. Similarly, truckers may not drive after being on duty for 60 hours in a seven-consecutive-day period or 70 hours in an eight-consecutive-day period. The previous rules allowed 10 hours driving within a 15-hour on-duty period and required only eight hours of off-duty time. These new rules are expected to increase our costs of purchased transportation in the future. We are currently evaluating the impact this will have on our operations.

 

In 2004, we plan to continue our focused sales and marketing programs aimed at expanding our customer base and range of products. We have a formal management process and measures to increase the utilization of our internal trucking and wholesale businesses across all of our divisions. We believe that our retail segment holds the most promise for future growth for our company with the wide variety of retail service offerings available. In total, we have approximately 50 key objectives underway throughout the company to continue to drive operational efficiencies and improve income from operations and operating cashflows.

 

Overall gross margins in 2004 are expected to remain flat at approximately 22%. The gross margin for our stacktrain operations is expected to decline slightly due to the projected higher percentage increase in the lower margin wholesale international business. Our retail segment gross margin is expected to increase due to margin improvement initiatives and business mix.

 

Our base line capital budget in 2004 is approximately $3.0 million and includes a new cartage operating system to enhance labor efficiencies and cost savings efforts and support our long-term growth strategy.

 

Actual results may differ materially from the estimates, expectations and projections described above. Some of the factors that could affect these estimates and expectations are described above under the caption “Risks Related to Our Business” and “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Key Objectives

 

In addition to the traditional financial measures for managing our operations, we also use a key objective management process designed to improve execution of objectives deemed to be substantive to our financial results. These key objectives are aimed at focusing management attention at specific problem areas or opportunities for improvement. Each defined objective, along with the activity on that objective for the month, problems encountered during the month, and future action steps to be taken, are reviewed by top management on a monthly basis.

 

For 2003, we managed a total of 35 key objectives covering both operating segments and have planned approximately 50 key objectives for 2004. The 2003 key objectives included cartage conversion, equipment utilization, maintenance and repair cost per load and supply chain services conversion. The cartage conversion objective relates to maximizing the use of our own cartage operations for the container pick-up activities at the

 

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front-end and container delivery activities at the tail end of our rail brokerage shipments. Currently, where we have both rail brokerage and cartage terminals, approximately 35% of the rail brokerage business is picked-up or delivered by our cartage operations. The remaining 65% of our rail brokerage business is using cartage operators not affiliated with Pacer. This represents an opportunity to increase our cartage business in the future.

 

Container utilization, or loads per container per month, is another key objective for our wholesale segment. This objective is designed to maximize use of our containers in revenue service, thereby increasing operating income on the same number of containers. Actions taken include identifying the minimum number of containers needed at a given location to support expected levels of business and moving excess containers to deficit locations as quickly as possible, either through special pricing incentives or empty repositioning. Average container utilization as measured by loads per container per period increased by almost 10% in 2003 as compared to 2002.

 

Maintenance and repair cost per load is another key objective for our wholesale segment. This objective is designed to minimize the number of containers that are out of service at the most effective cost. Actions in this key objective include minimizing the number of repairs that occur while the container is being drayed by establishing pre-inspections prior to a load leaving the rail terminal. Other actions include establishing tire banks at high use ramps and container yards to eliminate vendor markup. Overall, maintenance cost per load improved by approximately 16% in 2003 as compared to 2002.

 

Our supply chain services division of our retail segment manages the transportation functions of its customers. Depending on the needs of the customer, rail or truck brokerage or cartage operations may be required to move a customer’s freight to its destination. To the extent that the supply chain services division can utilize our own rail and truck brokerage and cartage operations, our overall profitability will be improved. For 2003, this division was able to increase retail segment revenues by approximately $1 million per month compared to operations in 2002.

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be predicted with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. Management believes the following critical accounting policies affect its more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements.

 

  ·   Recognition of Revenue

 

We recognize revenue when all of the following conditions are met: persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred or services have been rendered, the price is determinable and collectability is reasonably assured. We maintain signed contracts with our customers and have bills of lading specifying shipment details including the rates charged for our services. Our stacktrain operation recognizes revenue for loads that are in transit at the end of an accounting period on a percentage-of-completion basis. Revenue is recorded for the portion of the transit that has been completed because reasonably dependable estimates of the transit status of loads is available in our computer systems. In addition, our stacktrain operation offers volume discounts based on annual volume thresholds. We estimate our customers’ annual shipments throughout the year and record a reduction to revenue accordingly. Should our customers’ annual volume vary significantly from our estimates, a revision to revenue for volume discounts would be required. During 2003, our total volume discounts were $18.5 million. Our wholesale cartage operations and our retail segment recognize revenue after services

 

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have been completed. The following table illustrates volume discounts as a percentage of wholesale segment gross revenues for 2003, 2002 and 2001 (in millions, except percents):

 

         2003    

        2002    

        2001    

 

Wholesale segment gross revenues

   $ 923.1     $ 854.1     $ 858.0  

Total volume discounts

     18.5       18.0       15.7  

Volume discounts as a percentage of wholesale segment gross revenues

     2.0 %     2.1 %     1.8 %

 

Based on our results for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2003, a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have resulted in an increase or decrease in gross revenues of approximately $2.0 million. The following analysis demonstrates the potential effect that a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have had on our financial results and is not intended to provide a range of exposure or expected deviation (in millions, except per share data):

 

    

-25

    Basis Points    


   Management’s
    2003 Estimate    


   +25
    Basis Points    


Total volume discounts

   $ 16.2    $ 18.5    $ 20.8

Income from operations

     81.5      79.2      76.9

Net income

     32.7      31.3      29.8

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.86    $ 0.82    $ 0.78

 

  ·   Recognition of Cost of Purchased Transportation and Services

 

Both our wholesale and retail segments estimate the cost of purchased transportation and services and accrue an amount on a load by load basis in a manner that is consistent with revenue recognition. In addition, our retail segment earns discounts to the cost of purchased transportation and services that are primarily based on the annual volume of loads transported over major railroads. We estimate our annual volume throughout the year and record a reduction to cost of purchased transportation accordingly. Should our annual volume vary significantly from our estimates, a revision to the cost of purchased transportation would be required. Total discounts earned for 2003 were $11.5 million. The following table illustrates volume discounts earned as a percentage of retail segment cost of purchased transportation and services for 2003, 2002 and 2001 (in millions, except percents):

 

         2003    

        2002    

        2001    

 

Retail segment cost of purchased transportation and services

   $ 751.2     $ 759.0     $ 784.4  

Total volume discounts earned

     11.5       11.1       5.5  

Volume discounts as a percentage of retail segment cost of purchased transportation and services

     1.5 %     1.5 %     0.7 %

 

Based on our results for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2003, a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have resulted in an increase or decrease in expense of approximately $1.5 million. The following analysis demonstrates the potential effect that a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have had on our financial results and is not intended to provide a range of exposure or expected deviation (in millions, except per share data):

 

     -25
    Basis Points    


   Management’s
    2003 Estimate    


   +25
    Basis Points    


Total volume discounts earned

   $ 9.4    $ 11.5    $ 13.1

Income from operations

     77.1      79.2      80.8

Net income

     29.9      31.3      32.3

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.79    $ 0.82    $ 0.85

 

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  ·   Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

 

We maintain allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Estimates are used in determining this allowance based on our historical collection experience, current trends, credit policy and a percentage of our accounts receivable by aging category. If the financial condition of our customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances could be required. The following table illustrates the allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of net revenues for 2003, 2002 and 2001 (in millions, except percents):

 

         2003    

        2002    

        2001    

 

Net revenues

   $ 374.9     $ 351.2     $ 333.1  

Allowance for doubtful accounts

     4.2       5.7       7.0  

Allowance for doubtful accounts as a percentage of net revenues

     1.1 %     1.6 %     2.1 %

 

Historically, our actual losses have been consistent with these allowances. However, unexpected or significant future changes in trends could result in a material impact to future results of operations. Based on our results for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2003, a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have resulted in an increase or decrease in expense of approximately $1.0 million. The following analysis demonstrates the potential effect that a 25 basis point deviation from our estimates would have had on our financial results and is not intended to provide a range of exposure or expected deviation (in millions, except per share data):

 

     -25
    Basis Points    


   Management’s
    2003 Estimate    


   +25
    Basis Points    


Allowance for doubtful accounts

   $ 3.2    $ 4.2    $ 5.1

Income from operations

     80.2      79.2      78.3

Net income

     31.9      31.3      30.7

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.84    $ 0.82    $ 0.81

 

  ·   Deferred Tax Assets

 

At December 26, 2003, we have recorded net deferred tax assets of $27.8 million and have not recorded a valuation reserve as we believe that future earnings will more likely than not be sufficient to fully utilize the assets. The minimum amount of future taxable income required to realize this asset is $76.8 million. Should we not be able to generate this future income, we would be required to record valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets resulting in additional income tax expense in our Statement of Operations.

 

  ·   Goodwill

 

At December 26, 2003, we had recorded $288.3 million of net goodwill. The carrying amount of goodwill at December 26, 2003 assigned to our wholesale and retail segments was $67.6 million and $220.7 million, respectively. During 2003, our local cartage operations were moved to the wholesale segment. As a result, $44.3 million of related net goodwill was reclassified. We adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” effective December 29, 2001 and ceased to amortize goodwill on that date. Goodwill and other intangible assets are subject to periodic tests, at least annually, for impairment and recognition of impairment losses in the future could be required based on the methodology for measuring impairments described below. SFAS 142 requires a two-step method for determining goodwill impairments where step one is to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with

 

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the unit’s carrying amount, including goodwill. If this test indicates that the fair value is less than the carrying value, then step two is required to compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill. We determine the fair value of the reporting units using a market valuation method based on us and our public peers. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill is greater than the implied fair value of its goodwill, an impairment loss must be recognized for the excess.

 

We have completed our annual goodwill impairment tests at December 26, 2003 and no impairment existed. It is possible, however, that future evaluations of goodwill, which are to be completed at least annually, could require an impairment charge.

 

Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

 

From time to time in press releases regarding quarterly earnings, presentations and other communications, we may provide information about the Company’s EBITDA or other financial information determined by methods other than in accordance with GAAP. EBITDA represents income before income taxes, interest expense, depreciation and amortization. EBITDA is presented because it is commonly used by investors to analyze and compare operating performance. However, EBITDA should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for net income, cash flows or other income or cash flow data prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles or as a measure of a company’s profitability.

 

Other non-GAAP financial measures may exclude the costs of our debt refinancing, senior subordinated note redemption and secondary offering in 2003, the costs of our IPO in 2002 or other costs. Management uses these non-GAAP measures in its analysis of the company’s performance. Management believes that presentations of financial measures excluding the impact of these items provide useful supplemental information that is essential to a proper understanding of the operating results of our core businesses and allows investors to more easily compare operating results from period to period.

 

Background

 

The following section describes some of our revenue and expense categories and is provided to facilitate investors’ understanding of the discussion of our historical financial results, including these revenue and expense items, discussed under the caption “Results of Operation”.

 

Gross Revenues

 

The wholesale segment’s gross revenues from intermodal operations are generated through rates and other fees charged to customers for the transportation of freight utilizing the rail transportation services that we purchase from rail carriers under our long-term and other operating agreements with North American railroads. The growth of these revenues is primarily driven by increases in volume of freight shipped, as overall rates have historically remained relatively constant. The average rate is impacted by product mix, rail routes utilized, fuel surcharge and market conditions. Also included in gross revenues are railcar rental income, container per diem and incentives paid by APL Limited and others for the repositioning of empty containers with domestic westbound loads. Gross revenues are reported net of volume rebates provided to customers. Growth in the wholesale segment’s gross revenues from local cartage operations, which primarily support our stacktrain operations and intermodal marketing services through the use of independent owner-operators, is driven primarily by increased volume as well as length of haul and the rate per mile charged to the customer.

 

The retail segment’s gross revenues are generated through rates and other fees charged for our portfolio of freight transportation services, including truck brokerage and truck services, intermodal marketing services, warehousing and distribution, international freight forwarding and supply chain management services. Overall growth in gross revenues for the retail segment is driven by expanding our service offerings and marketing our

 

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broad array of transportation services to our existing customer base and to new customers. Growth in gross revenues from truck brokerage is driven primarily through increased volume and outsourcing by companies of their transportation and logistics needs. Growth in gross revenues from truck services operations which primarily provide specialized transportation services to customers through independent contractors and owner-operators, is driven primarily by increased volume as well as length of haul and the rate per mile charged to the customer. Intermodal marketing involves arranging the movement of freight in containers and trailers utilizing truck and rail transportation. Increases in gross revenues from intermodal marketing are generated primarily from increased volumes, as rates are dependent upon product mix and route, which tend to remain relatively constant as customers’ shipments tend to remain in similar routes. Increases in gross revenues for warehousing and distribution, which includes the handling, consolidation/deconsolidation and storage of freight on behalf of the shipper, are driven by increased outsourcing and import volumes and by shipping lines on the West Coast who are increasingly using third-party containers, rather than their own, to move freight inland. Through our supply chain management services, we manage all aspects of the supply chain from inbound sourcing and delivery logistics through outbound shipment, handling, consolidation, deconsolidation, distribution, and just-in-time delivery of end products to our customers’ customers. Revenues for supply chain management services are recognized on a net basis and increases are driven by increased outsourcing. We also provide international freight forwarding services, which involves arranging transportation and other services necessary to move our customers’ freight to and from a foreign country. Increases in gross revenues for international freight forwarding are driven by the globalization of trade.

 

Cost of Purchased Transportation and Services/Net Revenues

 

The wholesale segment’s net revenues are the gross revenues earned from transportation rates and other fees charged to customers less the costs of purchased transportation and related services that we purchase for our own account and utilize to move freight for our customers. The cost of purchased transportation and related services consists primarily of the amounts charged to us by railroads and local trucking companies under our contracts with these carriers. In addition, terminal and cargo handling services represent the variable expenses directly associated with handling freight at a terminal location. The cost of these services is variable in nature and is based on the volume of freight shipped.

 

The retail segment’s net revenues consist of the gross revenues earned from its third-party transportation services, less the cost of purchased transportation and related services. Net revenues are driven by the mix of services provided with net revenues as a percentage of gross revenues varying significantly based on this mix. The cost of purchased transportation and related services consists of amounts paid to third parties under our contracts with them to provide such services, such as railroads, independent contractor truck drivers, freight terminal operators and dock workers. Third-party rail costs are charged through contracts with the railroads and are dependent upon product mix and traffic lanes. Sub-contracted or independent operators are paid on a percentage of revenues, mileage or a fixed fee.

 

Direct Operating Expenses

 

Direct operating expenses are both fixed and variable expenses directly relating to our stacktrain operations and consist of equipment lease expense, equipment maintenance and repair costs, fixed terminal and cargo handling expenses and other direct variable expenses. Our fleet of leased equipment is financed through a variety of short- and long-term leases. Increases to our equipment fleet will primarily be through additional leases as the growth of our business dictates. Equipment maintenance and repair costs consist of the costs related to the upkeep of the equipment fleet, which can be considered semi-variable in nature, as a certain amount relates to the annual preventative maintenance costs in addition to amounts driven by fleet usage. Fixed terminal and cargo handling costs primarily relate to the fixed rent and storage expense charged to us by terminal operators and is expected to remain relatively fixed.

 

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Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

 

The wholesale segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses consist of costs of customer acquisition, billing, customer service, salaries and related expenses of the executive and administrative staff, office expenses and professional fees and includes the $10.1 million annual fee currently paid to APL Limited for information technology services under a long-term agreement (of which $3.4 million is subject to a 3% compounded annual increase after May 2004).

 

The retail segment’s selling, general and administrative expenses relate to the costs of customer acquisition, billing, customer service and salaries and related expenses of marketing, as well as the executive and administrative staff’s compensation, office expenses and professional fees. The retail segment anticipates that it will incur increased overall selling related costs as it grows its operations, but that such costs will remain relatively consistent as a percentage of net revenues. The costs related to the retail segment’s corporate functions, such as administration, finance, legal, human resources and facilities will likely increase as the business grows, but will likely decrease as a percentage of net revenues as the business grows.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Historical amounts in the tables below have been reclassified to conform to the 2003 presentation. This includes the reclassification of our local cartage operations from our retail segment to our wholesale segment and the reclassification of direct costs in our supply chain services division to selling, general and administrative expenses. These reclassifications had no affect on our consolidated results of operations.

 

Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2003 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2002

 

The following table sets forth our historical financial data for the fiscal years ended December 26, 2003 and December 27, 2002.

 

Financial Data Comparison by Reportable Segment

Fiscal Years Ended December 26, 2003 and December 27, 2002

(in millions)

 

         2003    

        2002    

        Change    

        % Change    

 

Gross revenues

                              

Wholesale

   $ 923.1     $ 854.1     $ 69.0     8.1 %

Retail

     872.3       882.5       (10.2 )   (1.2 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (126.8 )     (128.4 )     1.6     (1.2 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     1,668.6       1,608.2       60.4     3.8  

Cost of purchased transportation and services

                              

Wholesale

     669.3       626.4       42.9     6.8  

Retail

     751.2       759.0       (7.8 )   (1.0 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (124.0 )     (128.4 )     4.4     (3.4 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     1,296.5       1,257.0       39.5     3.1  

Net revenues

                              

Wholesale

     253.8       227.7       26.1     11.5  

Retail

     121.1       123.5       (2.4 )   (1.9 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     374.9       351.2       23.7     6.7  

Direct operating expenses

                              

Wholesale

     106.9       106.7       0.2     0.2  

Retail

     -       -       -     -  
    


 


 


 

Total

     106.9       106.7       0.2     0.2  

Selling, general & administrative expenses

                              

Wholesale

     63.5       55.2       8.3     15.0  

Retail

     103.9       98.3       5.6     5.7  

Corporate

     13.5       6.8       6.7     98.5  
    


 


 


 

Total

     180.9       160.3       20.6     12.9  

Depreciation and amortization

                              

Wholesale

     4.0       5.1       (1.1 )   (21.6 )

Retail

     3.9       5.0       (1.1 )   (22.0 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     7.9       10.1       (2.2 )   (21.8 )

Income from operations

                              

Wholesale

     79.4       60.7       18.7     30.8  

Retail

     13.3       20.2       (6.9 )   (34.2 )

Corporate

     (13.5 )     (6.8 )     (6.7 )   98.5  
    


 


 


 

Total

     79.2       74.1       5.1     6.9  

Interest expense, net

     18.0       31.7       (13.7 )   (43.2 )

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     12.1       0.8       11.3     1,412.5  

Income tax expense

     17.8       16.8       1.0     6.0  
    


 


 


 

Net income

   $ 31.3     $ 24.8     $ 6.5     26.2 %
    


 


 


 

 

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Gross Revenues.  Gross revenues increased $60.4 million, or 3.8%, for the fiscal year ended December 26, 2003 compared to the fiscal year ended December 27, 2002. Gross revenues in our retail segment decreased $10.2 million reflecting reductions primarily in our rail and truck brokerage operations and our truck services operations. This was partially offset by year over year revenue increases in our warehousing and distribution division due to the addition of a new customer, our international freight forwarding unit due to strong government overseas relief shipments and our supply chain services division due to the addition of a new customer. While we experienced volume and revenue increases from many of our rail brokerage customers, these increases were offset due to the curtailment by the federal government of its policy of allowing AMTRAK trains to handle a given amount of freight traffic, which resulted in reduced shipments from one large customer in particular. Our truck brokerage operations also experienced increased shipments from many customers, but not of a sufficient amount to equal or exceed the increased fourth quarter 2002 shipments due to the West Coast port strike in October 2002.

 

Wholesale segment gross revenues increased $69.0 million, reflecting a $54.2 million increase in stacktrain revenues as well as a $14.8 million increase in cartage revenues that resulted primarily from additional trucking locations in 2003 compared to 2002. Stacktrain results reflected increases in wholesale automotive and third-party domestic operations partially offset by a decrease in wholesale international operations. Automotive volumes increased 20.1% for 2003 compared to 2002. The increase in wholesale third-party domestic operations was a result of increased freight revenues from several intermodal marketing companies. Domestic containers handled increased 10.3% over 2002. The wholesale international operations decrease in freight revenues was primarily the result of the loss of low-margin shipments from an international shipping customer during the first quarter of 2003. International container volumes were 22.9% below 2002. Contributing to the overall increase in stacktrain gross revenues were higher repositioning revenue associated with higher domestic volumes and a 2.9% to 5.5% fuel surcharge in effect during 2003 compared to a 1.5% to 3.1% fuel surcharge in 2002 that went into effect during the second quarter of 2002. Overall containers handled increased 6.4% from the prior year.

 

Our retail segment’s usage of our wholesale segment for rail transportation decreased by $1.6 million, or 1.2%, in 2003 compared to 2002. Cross-selling activities within the retail segment itself increased by $6.4 million in 2003 compared to 2002. Our program to increase inter- and intra-segment generated revenues is continuing and is focused on coordinating capacity within and between segments so that future growth can occur without degrading our ability to satisfy customer requirements.

 

Net Revenues.  Net revenues increased $23.7 million, or 6.7%, for 2003 compared to 2002. The retail segment’s net revenues decreased $2.4 million, reflecting reductions primarily in our rail and truck brokerage operations and our truck services operations. Contributing to this decline was a change in estimation on linehaul expenses. This was partially offset by net revenue increases in our warehousing and distribution division due to the addition of a new customer, our supply chain services division due to the addition of a new customer and our international freight forwarding unit due to strong government overseas relief shipments. The retail segment overall gross margin remained constant at approximately 13.9% in both years resulting from a higher fuel surcharge in effect during 2003 and improved yield management, which were offset by changes in business mix and the change in estimation on linehaul expenses.

 

The wholesale segment’s net revenues increased $26.1 million for 2003 compared to 2002, reflecting a $23.1 million increase in stacktrain net revenues and a $3.0 million increase in cartage net revenues. The overall gross margin increased to 27.5% in 2003 from 26.7% in 2002. These increases were due to improved yield management, the higher fuel surcharge and reduced low-margin international shipping volumes. The gross margin on cartage operations declined to 24.9% in 2003 from 26.4% in 2002 due primarily to the lower margin on the new trucking locations added in 2003 compared to 2002.

 

Direct Operating Expenses.  Direct operating expenses, which are only incurred by our wholesale stacktrain operations, increased $0.2 million, or 0.2%, in 2003 compared to 2002 due to increased costs related to railcar maintenance as railcars acquired in 2001 enter a normal repair cycle coupled with increased container off-

 

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hire costs associated with returning older containers. Partially offsetting these increased costs were lower chassis lease costs resulting from the December 2002 elimination of the chassis sublet from APL Limited.

 

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.  Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $20.6 million, or 12.9%, in 2003 compared to 2002 primarily as the result of increased compensation associated with an overall average increase of 79 people employed during 2003 compared to 2002 and an increase in insurance costs compared to 2002. The headcount increase was associated with the new customer in our supply chain services division and the additional local trucking locations added in 2003. Corporate costs also increased in 2003 due to $1.2 million of costs associated with the secondary stock offering in 2003 and proceeds from a legal settlement that reduced costs in 2002.

 

Depreciation and Amortization.  Depreciation and amortization expenses decreased $2.2 million, or 21.8%, for 2003 compared to 2002 as a result of property retirements in both the wholesale and retail segments and property becoming fully depreciated.

 

Income From Operations.  Income from operations increased $5.1 million, or 6.9%, from $74.1 million in 2002 to $79.2 million in 2003. The increase in income from operations is a result of the increase in net revenues and gross margin percentages described above. Wholesale segment income from operations increased $18.7 million reflecting a $23.1 million increase in stacktrain income from operations partially offset by a $4.4 million decrease in local cartage income from operations. The stacktrain increase was due to the strength in wholesale automotive and third-party domestic operations. The cartage decrease resulted from a higher employment level and start-up costs in the growing cartage operations and increases in accruals for insurance costs during 2003. Retail segment income from operations decreased $6.9 million due primarily to reduced shipments in our rail and truck brokerage and truck services operations coupled with a change in estimation on linehaul expenses. Income from operations was adversely affected by $6.7 million of increased corporate costs for insurance, the $1.2 million cost for the secondary offering of common stock and proceeds from a legal settlement that reduced costs in 2002.

 

Interest Expense.  Interest expense decreased by $13.7 million, or 43.2%, for 2003 compared to 2002 due to a lower level of outstanding debt and lower interest rates during 2003. In June 2002, we completed our initial public offering of common stock and repaid $125.9 million of our variable interest rate bank debt. At December 26, 2003 total long-term debt was $214.1 million, $42.5 million less than the balance of $256.6 million at December 27, 2002.

 

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt.  On June 10, 2003, we completed the refinancing of our existing term loan and revolving credit facility, and on July 10, 2003 we completed the redemption of our $150 million 11.75% senior subordinated notes, all with funds provided by a new senior credit facility (see discussion under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below). Charges totaling $12.1 million were incurred during 2003 related to the refinancing and note redemption including an $8.8 million note redemption premium, $3.1 million for the write-off of loan fees on the prior term loan, revolving credit facility and notes, and $0.2 million for breakage and commitment fees. During 2002, we wrote-off $0.8 million of loan fees related to the repayment of debt associated with the IPO.

 

Income Tax Expense.  Income tax expense increased $1.0 million in 2003 compared to 2002 due to higher pre-tax income in 2003 partially offset by a lower effective tax rate which includes a $1.2 million tax expense reduction associated with costs incurred in our IPO in June 2002. The effective tax rate was 36.3% in 2003 compared to 40.4% in 2002. The effective tax rate going forward is expected to be approximately 40%.

 

Net Income.  Net income increased $6.5 million from $24.8 million in 2002 to $31.3 million in 2003 due primarily to increased income from operations and lower interest expense partially offset by increased costs associated with the debt refinancing and secondary offering transactions. Excluding the costs associated with the debt refinancing and secondary offering transactions, adjusted net income for 2003 would have been $39.3 million. See the reconciliation of adjusted results to actual results for 2003 below.

 

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Table of Contents

Reconciliation of GAAP Financial Results to Adjusted Financial Results

For the Fiscal Year Ended December 26, 2003 (in millions, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

 

Item


   GAAP
Results


   Adjustments

         Adjusted
Results


Income from operations

   $ 79.2    $ 1.2     1/    $ 80.4

Interest expense

     18.0      -            18.0

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     12.1      (12.1 )   2/      -
    

  


      

Income before income taxes

     49.1      13.3            62.4

Income taxes

     17.8      5.3     3/      23.1
    

  


      

Net income

     31.3      8.0            39.3
    

  


      

Diluted earnings per share

   $ 0.82    $ 0.21          $ 1.03
    

  


      

Weighted average shares outstanding .

     37,988,697      37,988,697            37,988,697
    

  


      


 

1/   Accrued fees and expenses associated with the secondary offering of common stock paid by the Company.

 

2/   Fees and expenses related to our long-term debt refinancing:

 

A) $3.1 million for the write-off of existing loan fees.

B) $0.2 million for loan breakage and commitment fees.

C) $8.8 million premium on redemption of senior subordinated notes.

 

3/   Income taxes estimated at 40.0%.

 

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Table of Contents

Fiscal Year Ended December 27, 2002 Compared to Fiscal Year Ended December 28, 2001

 

The following table sets forth our historical financial data for the fiscal years ended December 27, 2002 and December 28, 2001.

 

Financial Data Comparison by Reportable Segment

Fiscal Years Ended December 27, 2002 and December 28, 2001

(in millions)

 

         2002    

        2001    

        Change    

        % Change    

 

Gross revenues

                              

Wholesale

   $ 854.1     $ 858.0     $ (3.9 )   (0.5 )%

Retail

     882.5       915.6       (33.1 )   (3.6 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (128.4 )     (102.7 )     (25.7 )   25.0  
    


 


 


 

Total

     1,608.2       1,670.9       (62.7 )   (3.8 )

Cost of purchased transportation and services

                              

Wholesale

     626.4       656.1       (29.7 )   (4.5 )

Retail

     759.0       784.4       (25.4 )   (3.2 )

Inter-segment elimination

     (128.4 )     (102.7 )     (25.7 )   25.0  
    


 


 


 

Total

     1,257.0       1,337.8       (80.8 )   (6.0 )

Net revenues

                              

Wholesale

     227.7       201.9       25.8     12.8  

Retail

     123.5       131.2       (7.7 )   (5.9 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     351.2       333.1       18.1     5.4  

Direct operating expenses

                              

Wholesale

     106.7       101.7       5.0     4.9  

Retail

     -       -       -     -  
    


 


 


 

Total

     106.7       101.7       5.0     4.9  

Selling, general & administrative expenses

                              

Wholesale

     55.2       51.1       4.1     8.0  

Retail

     98.3       102.5       (4.2 )   (4.1 )

Corporate

     6.8       4.1       2.7     65.9  
    


 


 


 

Total

     160.3       157.7       2.6     1.6  

Depreciation and amortization

                              

Wholesale

     5.1       5.9       (0.8 )   (13.6 )

Retail

     5.0       12.4       (7.4 )   (59.7 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     10.1       18.3       (8.2 )   (44.8 )

Merger and severance

                              

Wholesale

     -       -       -     -  

Retail

     -       0.2       (0.2 )   (100.0 )

Corporate

     -       0.2       (0.2 )   (100.0 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     -       0.4       (0.4 )   (100.0 )

Other

                              

Wholesale

     -       0.5       (0.5 )   (100.0 )

Retail

     -       1.9       (1.9 )   (100.0 )

Corporate

     -       1.6       (1.6 )   (100.0 )
    


 


 


 

Total

     -       4.0       (4.0 )   (100.0 )

Income from operations

                              

Wholesale

     60.7       42.7       18.0     42.2  

Retail

     20.2       14.2       6.0     42.3  

Corporate

     (6.8 )     (5.9 )     (0.9 )   15.3  
    


 


 


 

Total

     74.1       51.0       23.1     45.3  

Interest expense, net

     31.7       39.6       (7.9 )   (19.9 )

Loss on extinguishment of debt

     0.8       -       0.8     n.m.  

Income tax expense

     16.8       3.6       13.2