10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

FOR ANNUAL AND TRANSITION REPORTS

PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             

 

Commission File Number 1-5231

 


 

McDONALD’S CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware   36-2361282

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

McDonald’s Plaza

Oak Brook, Illinois

  60523
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (630) 623-3000

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class


 

Name of each exchange

on which registered


Common stock, $.01 par value

  New York Stock Exchange
    Chicago Stock Exchange

8 7/8% Debentures due 2011

  New York Stock Exchange

7.05% Debentures due 2025

  New York Stock Exchange

7.31% Subordinated Deferrable Interest Debentures due 2027

  New York Stock Exchange

6 3/8% Debentures due 2028

  New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

(Title of Class)

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

 

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of voting common held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was $32,650,753,434 as of June 30, 2004. The number of shares of common stock outstanding was 1,272,117,313 as of January 31, 2005.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Part III of this 10-K incorporates information by reference from the registrant’s 2005 definitive proxy statement which will be filed no later than 120 days after December 31, 2004.

 



Table of Contents
  Part I

 

Item 1. Business

 

McDonald’s Corporation, the registrant, together with its subsidiaries, is referred to herein as the “Company.”

 

(a) General development of business

 

During 2004, there have been no significant changes to the Company’s corporate structure or material changes in the Company’s method of conducting business. Effective January 1, 2005, we reorganized certain of our subsidiaries to facilitate the organization of our geographic segments into a structure that more appropriately reflects the operation of the Company’s worldwide business. We created separate Delaware corporate entities for certain of the geographic segments, namely McDonald’s USA, McDonald’s Europe, McDonald’s AMEA (Asia, Middle East and Africa), McDonald’s Latin America and McDonald’s International. An additional subsidiary was created for McDonald’s Ventures which consists of our non-McDonald’s brands.

 

(b) Financial information about segments

 

Segment data for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 are included in Part II, Item 8, page 39 of this Form 10-K.

 

(c) Narrative description of business

 

  General

 

The Company primarily operates and franchises McDonald’s restaurants in the food service industry. These restaurants serve a varied, yet limited, value-priced menu (see Products) in more than 100 countries around the world.

 

The Company also operates Boston Market and Chipotle Mexican Grill and has a minority ownership interest in U.K.-based Pret A Manger. In December 2003, the Company sold its Donatos Pizzeria business.

 

Since McDonald’s restaurant business comprises virtually all of the Company’s consolidated operating results, this narrative primarily relates to that business, unless otherwise noted.

 

All restaurants are operated either by the Company, by independent entrepreneurs under the terms of franchise arrangements (franchisees/licensees), or by affiliates operating under license agreements.

 

The Company’s operations are designed to assure consistency and high quality at every McDonald’s restaurant. When granting franchises and forming joint ventures, the Company is selective and generally is not in the practice of franchising to or partnering with investor groups or passive investors.

 

Under the conventional franchise arrangement, franchisees provide capital by initially investing in the equipment, signs, seating and décor of their restaurant businesses, and by reinvesting in the business over time. The Company generally shares the investment by owning or leasing the land and building. Franchisees contribute to the Company’s revenue stream through payment of rent and service fees based upon a percent of sales, with specified minimum rent payments, along with initial fees. The conventional franchise arrangement typically lasts 20 years and franchising practices are generally consistent throughout the world. A discussion regarding site selection is included in Part I, Item 2, page 5 of this Form 10-K.

 

The Company, its franchisees/licensees and affiliates purchase food, packaging, equipment and other goods from numerous independent suppliers that have been approved by the Company. The Company has established and strictly enforces high-quality standards. The Company has quality assurance labs around the world to ensure that our high standards are consistently met. The quality assurance process not only involves ongoing product reviews, but also on-site inspections of suppliers’ facilities. Further, a Quality Assurance Board, composed of the Company’s technical, safety and supply chain specialists, provides strategic global leadership for all aspects of food quality and safety. In addition, the Company works closely with suppliers to encourage innovation, assure best practices and drive continuous improvement.

 

Independently owned and operated distribution centers, also approved by the Company, distribute products and supplies to most McDonald’s restaurants. In addition, restaurant personnel are trained in the proper storage, handling and preparation of our products and in the delivery of customer service.

 

McDonald’s global brand is well known. Marketing, promotional and public relations activities are designed to promote McDonald’s brand image and differentiate the Company from competitors. Marketing and promotional efforts focus on value, food taste, menu choice and the customer experience. In addition, the Company is focused on being a leader in social responsibility, as the Company believes it is important to give back to the people and communities around the world who are responsible for our success.

 

  Products

 

McDonald’s restaurants offer a substantially uniform menu. In addition, McDonald’s tests new products on an ongoing basis.

 

McDonald’s menu includes hamburgers and cheeseburgers, Big Mac, Quarter Pounder with Cheese, Big N’ Tasty, Filet-O-Fish, several chicken sandwiches, Chicken McNuggets, Chicken Selects, french fries, premium salads, milk shakes, McFlurry desserts, sundaes, soft serve cones, pies, cookies, and soft drinks and other beverages. In addition, the restaurants sell a variety of other products during limited-time promotions.

 

McDonald’s restaurants in the U.S. and certain international markets are open during breakfast hours and offer a full- or limited-breakfast menu. Breakfast offerings may include Egg McMuffin, Sausage McMuffin with Egg, McGriddle, biscuit and bagel sandwiches, hotcakes and muffins.

 

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Chipotle serves gourmet burritos and tacos. Boston Market is a home-meal replacement concept serving chicken, meatloaf and a variety of other main and side dishes. Pret A Manger is a quick-service food concept that serves mainly prepared and packaged cold sandwiches, snacks and drinks during lunchtime.

 

  Intellectual property

 

The Company owns valuable intellectual property including trademarks, service marks, patents, copyrights, trade secrets and other proprietary information, some of which, including “McDonald’s,” “The Golden Arches Logo,” “Ronald McDonald,” “Big Mac” and other related marks, are of material importance to the Company’s business. Depending on the jurisdiction, trademarks generally are valid as long as they are used or registered. Patents and licenses are of varying remaining durations.

 

  Seasonal operations

 

The Company does not consider its operations to be seasonal to any material degree.

 

  Working capital practices

 

Information about the Company’s working capital practices is incorporated herein by reference to Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 26, and the Consolidated statement of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 in Part II, Item 8, page 30 of this Form 10-K.

 

  Customers

 

The Company’s business is not dependent upon a single customer or small group of customers.

 

  Backlog

 

Company-operated restaurants have no backlog orders.

 

  Government contracts

 

No material portion of the business is subject to renegotiation of profits or termination of contracts or subcontracts at the election of the U.S. government.

 

  Competition

 

McDonald’s restaurants compete with international, national, regional and local retailers of food products. The Company competes on the basis of price, convenience and service and by offering quality food products. The Company’s competition in the broadest perspective includes restaurants, quickservice eating establishments, pizza parlors, coffee shops, street vendors, convenience food stores, delicatessens and supermarkets.

 

In the U.S., there are about 529,000 restaurants that generated $373 billion in annual sales in 2004. McDonald’s restaurant business accounts for 2.5% of those restaurants and 6.5% of the sales. No reasonable estimate can be made of the number of competitors outside the U.S.

 

  Research and development

 

The Company operates a research and development facility in the U.S. and two facilities in Europe. While research and development activities are important to the Company’s business, these expenditures are not material. Independent suppliers also conduct research activities that benefit the McDonald’s System, which includes franchisees and suppliers as well as the Company, its subsidiaries and joint ventures.

 

  Environmental matters

 

The Company is not aware of any federal, state or local environmental laws or regulations that will materially affect its earnings or competitive position or result in material capital expenditures. However, the Company cannot predict the effect on its operations of possible future environmental legislation or regulations. During 2004, there were no material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities and no such material expenditures are anticipated.

 

  Number of employees

 

During 2004, the Company’s average number of employees worldwide, including Company-operated restaurant employees, was approximately 438,000. This includes employees at McDonald’s Company-operated restaurants as well as other restaurant concepts operated by the Company.

 

(d) Financial information about geographic areas

 

Financial information about geographic areas is incorporated herein by reference to Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 26 and Segment and geographic information in Part II, Item 8, page 39 of this Form 10-K.

 

(e) Available information

 

The Company is subject to the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Exchange Act). The Company therefore files periodic reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Such reports may be obtained by visiting the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20549, or by calling the SEC at (800) SEC-0330. In addition, the SEC maintains an internet site (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information.

 

Financial and other information can also be accessed on the investor section of the Company’s website at www.mcdonalds.com. The Company makes available, free of charge, copies of our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13 (a) or 15 (d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after filing such material electronically or otherwise furnishing it to the SEC. Copies of financial and other information are also available free of charge by calling (630) 623-7428 or by sending a request to McDonald’s Corporation Investor Relations Service Center, Department 300, McDonald’s Plaza, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523.

 

Also posted on McDonald’s website are the Company’s Corporate Governance Principles, the charters of McDonald’s

 

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Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Governance Committee, the Company’s Standards of Business Conduct, the Code of Ethics for the Chief Executive Officer and Financial Officers and the Code of Conduct for the Board of Directors. Copies of these documents are also available free of charge by calling (630) 623-7428 or by sending a request to McDonald’s Corporation Investor Relations Service Center, Department 300, McDonald’s Plaza, Oak Brook, Illinois 60523.

 

The Company’s then Chief Executive Officer, Charles H. Bell, certified to the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on June 16, 2004, pursuant to Section 303A.12 of the NYSE’s listing standards, that he was not aware of any violation by the Company of the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards as of that date.

 

Information on our website is not incorporated into this Form 10-K or our other securities filings and is not a part of them.

 

Item 2. Properties

 

The Company identifies and develops sites that offer convenience to customers and long-term sales and profit potential to the Company. To assess potential, the Company analyzes traffic and walking patterns, census data, school enrollments and other relevant data. The Company’s experience and access to advanced technology aid in evaluating this information. The Company generally owns the land and building or secures long-term leases for restaurant sites, which ensures long-term occupancy rights and helps control related costs. Restaurant profitability for both the Company and franchisees is important; therefore, ongoing efforts are made to control average development costs through construction and design efficiencies, standardization and by leveraging the Company’s global sourcing network. Additional information about the Company’s properties is included in Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations in Part II, Item 7, pages 10 through 26 and in Financial statements and supplementary data in Part II, Item 8, pages 27 through 43 of this Form 10-K.

 

Item 3. Legal proceedings

 

The Company has pending a number of lawsuits which have been filed from time to time in various jurisdictions. These lawsuits cover a broad variety of allegations spanning the Company’s entire business. The following is a brief description of the more significant of these categories of lawsuits. In addition, the Company is subject to various federal, state and local regulations that impact various aspects of its business, as discussed below. While the Company does not believe that any such claims, lawsuits or regulations will have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations, unfavorable rulings could occur. Were an unfavorable ruling to occur, there exists the possibility of a material adverse impact on net income for the period in which the ruling occurs or for future periods.

 

  Shareholders

 

On April 2, 2004, a class action lawsuit was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Illinois (Case No. 04C-2422)(Allan Selbst v. McDonald’s Corporation, Jack M. Greenberg, Matthew H. Paull and Michael J. Roberts), alleging violation of federal securities laws. Two nearly identical actions were subsequently filed in the same court. On October 19, 2004, the lead plaintiff filed its amended and consolidated class action complaint, alleging, among other things, that the Company and individual defendants misled investors by issuing false and misleading financial reports and earnings projections in a series of press releases and other public statements between December 14, 2001 and January 22, 2003, thereby overstating the Company’s current and anticipated earnings. The amended complaint seeks class action certification, unspecified compensatory damages, and attorneys’ fees and costs. On January 18, 2005, the defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint which remains pending.

 

We received notice of a shareholder derivative action, filed July 9, 2004, in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois, Chancery Division, (Case No. 04CH10921) (Marilyn Clark, Derivatively on Behalf of McDonald’s Corporation v. Jack M.Greenberg, Matthew H. Paull, Michael J. Roberts, James A. Skinner, Stanley R. Stein, Gloria Santona, Fred L.Turner, Michael R.Quinlan, Hall Adams, Jr., Charles H. Bell, Edward A. Brennan, Robert A. Eckert, Enrique Hernandez, Jr., Jeanne P. Jackson, Donald G. Lubin, Walter E.Massey, Andrew J. McKenna, Cary D. McMillan, John W. Rogers, Jr., Terry L. Savage, Roger W. Stone, and Robert N. Thurston). This suit is purportedly brought on behalf of McDonald’s Corporation against several of its current and former directors and officers (collectively “Individual Defendants”), and the Corporation as a nominal defendant. Clark contains allegations similar to the federal court complaint, with additional allegations that the Individual Defendants participated in or failed to prevent the alleged securities fraud violations described above. Clark alleges that these acts or omissions by the Individual Defendants constitute breaches of fiduciary duty, abuse of control, gross mismanagement, waste of corporate assets, and unjust enrichment. Clark seeks judgement in favor of McDonald’s Corporation for (1) unspecified damages sustained by the Corporation; (2) injunctive relief restricting the proceeds of Individual Defendants’ trading activities or other assets to assure the Corporation has an effective remedy; (3) restitution and disgorgement of all profits, benefits and other compensation; and (4) attorneys’ fees and costs. None of the defendants has been served with this complaint.

 

The Company believes that it has substantial legal and factual defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and we intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously.

 

  Obesity

 

On or about February 17, 2003, two minors, by their parents and guardians, filed an Amended Complaint against McDonald’s Corporation in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (Case No. 02

 

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Civ. 7821 (RWS))(Ashley Pelman, a child under the age of 18 years,by her mother and natural guardian, Roberta Pelman and Jazlen Bradley, a child under the age of 18 years, by her father and natural guardian, Israel Bradley v. McDonald’s Corporation) seeking class action status on behalf of individuals in New York under the age of 18 (and their parents and/or guardians), who became obese or developed other adverse health conditions allegedly from eating McDonald’s products. On September 3, 2003, the Court dismissed all counts of the complaint with prejudice. On January 25, 2005, following an appeal by the plaintiffs, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals Court vacated the District Court’s decision to dismiss alleged violations of Section 349 of the New York Consumer Protection Act as set forth in Counts I-III of the amended complaint.

 

The surviving counts in the amended complaint allege that McDonald’s violated Section 349 of the New York Consumer Protection Act through the following conduct: (1) the combined effect of McDonald’s various promotional representations during the class period was to create the false impression that its food products were nutritionally beneficial and part of a healthy lifestyle if consumed daily; (2) McDonald’s failed adequately to disclose that its use of certain additives and the manner of its food processing rendered certain of its foods substantially less healthy than represented; and (3) McDonald’s deceptively represented that it would provide nutritional information to its New York customers when in reality such information was not readily available at a significant number of McDonald’s outlets in New York visited by the plaintiffs and others.

 

Plaintiffs seek unspecified compensatory damages; an order directing McDonald’s to label its individual products specifying the fat, salt, sugar, cholesterol and dietary content; “funding of an educational program to inform children and adults of the dangers of eating certain foods” sold by McDonald’s; and attorneys’ fees and costs.

 

The Company believes that it has substantial legal and factual defenses to the plaintiffs’ claims and we intend to defend these lawsuits vigorously.

 

  Franchising

 

A substantial number of McDonald’s restaurants are franchised to independent entrepreneurs operating under contractual arrangements with the Company. In the course of the franchise relationship, occasional disputes arise between the Company and its franchisees relating to a broad range of subjects including, but not limited to, quality, service and cleanliness issues, contentions regarding grants or terminations of franchises, payments of rents, franchisee claims for additional franchises or rewrites of franchises, and delinquent payments. Additionally, occasional disputes arise between the Company and individuals who claim they should have been granted a McDonald’s franchise.

 

  Suppliers

 

The Company and its affiliates and subsidiaries do not supply, with minor exceptions outside the U.S., food, paper or related items to any McDonald’s restaurants. The Company relies upon numerous independent suppliers that are required to meet and maintain the Company’s high standards and specifications. On occasion, disputes arise between the Company and its suppliers on a number of issues including, by way of example, compliance with product specifications and the Company’s business relationship with suppliers. In addition, disputes occasionally arise on a number of issues between the Company and individuals or entities who claim that they should be (or should have been) granted the opportunity to supply products or services to the Company’s restaurants.

 

  Employees

 

Hundreds of thousands of people are employed by the Company and in restaurants owned and operated by subsidiaries of the Company. In addition, thousands of people from time to time seek employment in such restaurants. In the ordinary course of business, disputes arise regarding hiring, firing and promotion practices.

 

  Customers

 

The Company’s restaurants serve a large cross-section of the public. In the course of serving so many people, disputes arise as to products, service, accidents, advertising, nutritional and other disclosures as well as other matters typical of an extensive restaurant business such as that of the Company.

 

  Intellectual property

 

The Company has registered trademarks and service marks, patents and copyrights, some of which are of material importance to the Company’s business. From time to time, the Company may become involved in litigation to defend and protect its use of its intellectual property.

 

  Government regulations

 

Local, state and federal governments have adopted laws and regulations involving various aspects of the restaurant business including, but not limited to, franchising, health, safety, environment, zoning and employment. The Company strives to comply with all applicable existing statutory and administrative rules and cannot predict the effect on its operations from the issuance of additional requirements in the future.

 

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Item 4. Submission of matters to a vote of shareholders

 

None.

 

The following are the Executive Officers of our Company:

 

Ralph Alvarez, 49, is President of McDonald’s North America, a position to which he was appointed in January 2005. He served as President, McDonald’s USA, from July 2004 to January 2005. From January 2003 to July 2004, Mr. Alvarez served as the Chief Operations Officer for McDonald’s USA. Prior to that time he served as President, Central Division–McDonald’s USA from October 2001 to January 2003; President of McDonald’s Mexico from November 2000 to October 2001; and Regional Director for Chipotle Mexican Grill from February 1999 to November 2000. Except for a brief period in 1999, Mr. Alvarez has served the Company for 10 years.

 

M. Lawrence Light, 63, is Corporate Executive Vice President–Global Chief Marketing Officer. He has served in that position since joining the Company in September 2002. Prior to joining McDonald’s, he was President and Chief Executive Officer of Arcature, a brand consultancy. Mr. Light has been with the Company for two years.

 

Matthew H. Paull, 53, is Corporate Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. From July 2001 to June 2004 he was Corporate Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Prior to that time, he served as Senior Vice President, Corporate Tax and Finance from December 2000 to July 2001, Senior Vice President from January 2000 to December 2000 and Vice President from June 1993 to January 2000. Mr. Paull has been with the Company for 11 years.

 

David M. Pojman, 45, is Corporate Senior Vice President– Controller, a position he has held since March 2002. He served as Vice President and Assistant Corporate Controller from January 2000 to March 2002; and from July 1997 to January 2000, he served as Vice President–International Controller. Mr. Pojman has been with the Company for 22 years.

 

Michael J. Roberts, 54, is President and Chief Operating Officer, a post to which he was elected on November 22, 2004 and also has served as a Director since that date. Previously, he was Chief Executive Officer–McDonald’s USA from July 2004 to November 2004 and prior to that, President–McDonald’s USA from June 2001. From July 1997 to June 2001, Mr. Roberts was President, West Division–McDonald’s USA. Mr. Roberts has been with the Company for 27 years.

 

Gloria Santona, 54, is Corporate Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary, a position she has held since July 2003. From June 2001 to July 2003, she was Corporate Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary. From December 2000 to June 2001, she was Vice President, U.S. General Counsel and Secretary. From March 1997 to December 2000, she was Vice President, Deputy General Counsel and Secretary. Ms. Santona has been with the Company for 27 years.

 

James A. Skinner, 60, is Vice Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, a post to which he was elected on November 22, 2004, and also has served as a Director since that date. He served as Vice Chairman from January 2003 to November 2004 and as President and Chief Operating Officer of McDonald’s Worldwide Restaurant Group from February 2002 to December 2002. Prior to that, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer of McDonald’s Europe, Asia/ Pacific, Middle East and Africa from June 2001 to February 2002; and President of McDonald’s Europe from December 1997 to June 2001. Mr. Skinner has been with the Company for 34 years.

 

Russell P. Smyth, 48, is President–McDonald’s Europe, a position to which he was appointed in January 2003. He served as President of Partner Brands from December 2001 to January 2003; International Relationship Partner for Southeast and Central Asia from May 1999 to December 2001; and Vice President of the Latin America Group from July 1996 to May 1999. Mr. Smyth has been with the Company for 21 years.

 

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  Part II

 

Item 5. Market for registrant’s common equity, related shareholder matters and issuer purchases of equity securities

 

The Company’s common stock trades under the symbol MCD and is listed on the New York and Chicago stock exchanges in the U.S.

 

The following table sets forth the common stock price ranges on the New York Stock Exchange composite tape and dividends declared per common share.

 

DOLLARS PER SHARE


   2004

   2003

   High

   Low

   Dividend

   High

   Low

   Dividend

Quarter:

                             

First

   29.98    24.54    —      17.38    12.12    —  

Second

   29.43    25.05    —      22.95    13.88    —  

Third

   28.25    25.64    .550    24.37    20.40    .400

Fourth

   32.96    27.31    —      27.01    23.01    —  
    
  
  
  
  
  

Year

   32.96    24.54    .550    27.01    12.12    .400
    
  
  
  
  
  

 

The number of shareholders of record and beneficial owners of the Company’s common stock as of January 31, 2005 was estimated to be 971,000.

 

Given the Company’s returns on equity and assets, management believes it is prudent to reinvest a significant portion of earnings back into the business and use excess cash flow for debt repayments and returning cash to shareholders either through share repurchases or dividends. The Company has paid dividends on common stock for 29 consecutive years through 2004 and has increased the dividend amount at least once every year. As in the past, further dividends will be considered after reviewing returns to shareholders, profitability expectations and financing needs and will be declared at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors.

 

The following table presents information related to repurchases of common stock the Company made during the three months ended December 31, 2004.

 

Issuer purchases of equity securities

 

Period


  

Total number of

Shares purchased


  

Average price

paid per share


  

Total number of

shares purchased

under the program*


  

Maximum dollar amount

that may yet be purchased

under the program


October 1-31, 2004

   5,649    $ 28.85    5,649    $ 3,432,124,000

November 1-30, 2004

   94,104    $ 29.72    94,104    $ 3,429,327,000

December 1-31, 2004

   280,419    $ 30.27    280,419    $ 3,420,838,000
    
  

  
  

Total

   380,172    $ 30.12    380,172    $ 3,420,838,000
    
  

  
  


* In October 2001, the Company announced that its Board of Directors authorized a $5.0 billion share repurchase program with no specified expiration date. In accordance with the Company’s internal policy, the Company repurchases shares only during limited timeframes in each month.

 

The following table summarizes information about our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2004. All outstanding awards relate to our Common Stock. Shares issued under all of the following plans may be from the Company’s treasury, newly issued or both.

 

Equity compensation plan information

 

Plan category


  

Number of securities

to be issued upon exercise

of outstanding options,

warrants and rights


   

Weighted-average

exercise price

of outstanding options,

warrants and rights


  

Number of securities

remaining available for

future issuance under

equity compensation plans

(excluding securities

reflected in column (a))


     (a)     (b)    (c)

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders

   109,245,239 (1)   $ 24.01    57,228,770

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

   59,341,140 (2)   $ 34.86     
    

 

  

Total

   168,586,379     $ 27.68    57,228,770
    

 

  

(1) Includes stock options outstanding under the following plans: 2001 Omnibus Stock Ownership Plan–59,192,137 shares; 1992 Stock Ownership Incentive Plan (1992 Plan)–46,788,226 shares; 1975 Stock Ownership Option Plan (1975 Plan)–1,338,506 shares; and Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan–197,828 shares. Also includes 1,728,542 restricted stock units granted under the McDonald’s Corporation 2001 Omnibus Stock Ownership Plan.
(2) Includes stock options outstanding under the following plans: 1992 Plan–58,291,640; 1975 Plan–1,000,000; and 1999 Non-Employee Director Stock Option Plan–49,500.

 

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Item 6. Selected financial data

 

11-year summary

 

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS,

EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA


   2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

   1999

   1998

    1997

   1996

   1995

   1994

Company-operated sales

   $ 14,224     12,795     11,500     11,041     10,467    9,512    8,895     8,136    7,571    6,863    5,793

Franchised and affiliated revenues

   $ 4,841     4,345     3,906     3,829     3,776    3,747    3,526     3,273    3,116    2,932    2,528
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Total revenues

   $ 19,065     17,140     15,406     14,870     14,243    13,259    12,421     11,409    10,687    9,795    8,321
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Operating income

   $ 3,541 (1)   2,832 (2)   2,113 (3)   2,697 (4)   3,330    3,320    2,762 (5)   2,808    2,633    2,601    2,241

Income before taxes and cumulative effect of accounting changes

   $ 3,203 (1)   2,346 (2)   1,662 (3)   2,330 (4)   2,882    2,884    2,307 (5)   2,407    2,251    2,169    1,887

Net income

   $ 2,279 (1)   1,471 (2,6)   893 (3,7)   1,637 (4)   1,977    1,948    1,550 (5)   1,642    1,573    1,427    1,224
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Cash provided by operations

   $ 3,904     3,269     2,890     2,688     2,751    3,009    2,766     2,442    2,461    2,296    1,926

Capital expenditures

   $ 1,419     1,307     2,004     1,906     1,945    1,868    1,879     2,111    2,375    2,064    1,539

Treasury stock purchases

   $ 605     439     687     1,090     2,002    933    1,162     765    605    321    500
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Financial position at year end:

                                                             

Total assets

   $ 27,838     25,838     24,194     22,535     21,684    20,983    19,784     18,242    17,386    15,415    13,592

Total debt

   $ 9,220     9,731     9,979     8,918     8,474    7,252    7,043     6,463    5,523    4,836    4,351

Total shareholders’ equity

   $ 14,201     11,982     10,281     9,488     9,204    9,639    9,465     8,852    8,718    7,861    6,885

Shares outstanding
IN MILLIONS

     1,270     1,262     1,268     1,281     1,305    1,351    1,356     1,371    1,389    1,400    1,387
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Per common share:

                                                             

Net income–basic

   $ 1.81 (1)   1.16 (2,6)   .70 (3,7)   1.27 (4)   1.49    1.44    1.14 (5)   1.17    1.11    .99    .84

Net income–diluted

   $ 1.79 (1)   1.15 (2,6)   .70 (3,7)   1.25 (4)   1.46    1.39    1.10 (5)   1.15    1.08    .97    .82

Dividends declared

   $ .55     .40     .24     .23     .22    .20    .18     .16    .15    .13    .12

Market price at year end

   $ 32.06     24.83     16.08     26.47     34.00    40.31    38.41     23.88    22.69    22.56    14.63
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Company-operated restaurants

     9,212     8,959     9,000     8,378     7,652    6,059    5,433     4,887    4,294    3,783    3,216

Franchised restaurants

     18,248     18,132     17,864     17,395     16,795    15,949    15,086     14,197    13,374    12,186    10,944

Affiliated restaurants

     4,101     4,038     4,244     4,320     4,260    4,301    3,994     3,844    3,216    2,330    1,739
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Total Systemwide restaurants

     31,561     31,129     31,108     30,093     28,707    26,309    24,513     22,928    20,884    18,299    15,899
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

Franchised and affiliated sales(8)

   $ 37,065     33,137     30,026     29,590     29,714    28,979    27,084     25,502    24,241    23,051    20,194
    


 

 

 

 
  
  

 
  
  
  

(1) Includes pretax operating charges of $130 million related to asset/goodwill impairment and $160 million ($21 million related to 2004 and $139 million related to prior years) for a correction in the Company’s lease accounting practices and policies (see Other operating expense, net note to the consolidated financial statements for further details), as well as a nonoperating gain of $49 million related to the sale of the Company’s interest in a U.S. real estate partnership, for a total pretax expense of $241 million ($172 million after tax or $0.13 per share).
(2) Includes pretax charges of $408 million ($323 million after tax or $0.25 per share) primarily related to the disposition of certain non-McDonald’s brands and asset/goodwill impairment. See Other operating expense, net note to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(3) Includes pretax charges of $853 million ($700 million after tax or $0.55 per share) primarily related to restructuring certain international markets and eliminating positions, restaurant closings/asset impairment and the write-off of technology costs. See Other operating expense, net note to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(4) Includes pretax operating charges of $378 million primarily related to the U.S. business reorganization and other global change initiatives, and restaurant closings/asset impairment as well as net pretax nonoperating income of $125 million primarily related to a gain on the initial public offering of McDonald’s Japan, for a total pretax expense of $253 million ($143 million after tax or $0.11 per share).
(5) Includes pretax charges of $322 million ($219 million after tax or $0.16 per share) consisting of $162 million of Made For You costs and $160 million related to a home office productivity initiative.
(6) Includes a $37 million after-tax charge ($0.03 per share) to reflect the cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS No.143 “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” which requires legal obligations associated with the retirement of long-lived assets to be recognized at their fair value at the time the obligations are incurred. See Summary of significant accounting policies note to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
(7) Includes a $99 million after-tax charge ($0.08 per share–basic and $0.07 per share–diluted) to reflect the cumulative effect of the adoption of SFAS No.142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which eliminates the amortization of goodwill and instead subjects it to annual impairment tests. See Summary of significant accounting policies note to the consolidated financial statements for further details. Adjusted for the nonamortization provisions of SFAS No.142, net income per common share would have been $0.02 higher in 2001 and 2000 and $0.01 higher in 1999-1996.
(8) While franchised and affiliated sales are not recorded as revenues by the Company, management believes they are important in understanding the Company’s financial performance because these sales are the basis on which the Company calculates and records franchised and affiliated revenues and are indicative of the financial health of the franchisee base.

 

McDonald’s Corporation    9


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Item 7. Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

 

Overview

 

Description of the business

 

The Company primarily operates and franchises McDonald’s restaurants. In addition, the Company operates certain non-McDonald’s brands that are not material to the Company’s overall results. Of the more than 30,000 McDonald’s restaurants in over 100 countries, more than 8,000 are operated by the Company, approximately 18,000 are operated by franchisees/licensees and about 4,000 are operated by affiliates. In general, the Company owns the land and building or secures long-term leases for restaurant sites regardless of who operates the restaurant. This ensures longterm occupancy rights and helps control related costs.

 

Revenues consist of sales by Company-operated restaurants and fees from restaurants operated by franchisees and affiliates. These fees primarily include rent, service fees and/or royalties that are based on a percent of sales, with specified minimum rent payments. Fees vary by type of site, amount of Company investment and local business conditions. These fees, along with occupancy and operating rights, are stipulated in franchise/license agreements that generally have 20-year terms.

 

The business is managed as distinct geographic segments: United States; Europe; Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa (APMEA); Latin America and Canada. In addition, throughout this report we present a segment entitled “Other” that includes non-McDonald’s brands (e.g., Boston Market and Chipotle Mexican Grill). The U.S. and Europe segments each accounts for approximately 35% of total revenues. France, Germany and the United Kingdom account for about 65% of Europe’s revenues; Australia, China and Japan (a 50%-owned affiliate accounted for under the equity method) account for over 45% of APMEA’s revenues; and Brazil accounts for about 40% of Latin America’s revenues. These seven markets along with the U.S. and Canada are referred to as “major markets” throughout this report and comprise approximately 70% of total revenues.

 

In analyzing business trends, management considers a variety of performance and financial measures including Systemwide sales growth, comparable sales growth, operating margins and returns.

 

  Constant currency results exclude the effects of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating current year results at prior year average exchange rates. Management reviews and analyzes business results in constant currencies and bases certain compensation plans on these results because the Company believes they better represent the underlying business trends.

 

  Systemwide sales in this report include sales by all McDonald’s and Other restaurants, whether operated by the Company, by franchisees or by affiliates. While sales by franchisees and affiliates are not recorded as revenues by the Company, management believes the information is important in understanding the Company’s financial performance because it is the basis on which the Company calculates and records franchised and affiliated revenues and is indicative of the financial health of our franchisee base.

 

  Comparable sales are a key performance indicator used within the retail industry and are indicative of acceptance of the Company’s initiatives as well as local economic and consumer trends. Increases or decreases in comparable sales represent the percent change in constant currency sales from the same period in the prior year for all McDonald’s restaurants in operation at least thirteen months. McDonald’s reports on a calendar basis and therefore the comparability of the same month, quarter and year with the corresponding period of the prior year will be impacted by the mix of days. The number of weekdays, weekend days and timing of holidays in a given timeframe can have a positive or negative impact on comparable sales. The Company refers to this impact as the calendar shift/trading day adjustment. This impact varies geographically due to consumer spending patterns and has the greatest impact on monthly comparable sales and typically has minimal impact annually, with the exception of leap years, such as 2004, due to an incremental full day of sales.

 

  Return on incremental invested capital (ROIIC) is a measure reviewed by management to determine the effectiveness of capital deployed. The one-year return is calculated by taking the increase in operating income plus depreciation and amortization between 2004 and 2003 (numerator) and dividing this by the weighted average of 2004 and 2003 adjusted cash used for investing activities (denominator). The calculation assumes an average exchange rate over the periods included in the calculation. In addition to the one-year ROIIC, management reviews this measure over longer time periods in assessing the effectiveness of capital deployed and in allocating capital to business units.

 

Strategic direction and financial performance

 

In 2002, the Company’s results reflected a focus on growth through adding new restaurants, with associated high levels of capital expenditures and debt financing. This strategy, combined with challenging economic conditions and increased competition in certain key markets, adversely affected results and returns on investment.

 

In 2003, the Company introduced a comprehensive revitalization plan to increase McDonald’s relevance to today’s consumers as well as improve our financial discipline. We redefined our strategy to emphasize growth through adding more customers to existing restaurants and aligned the System around our customer-focused Plan to Win. Designed to deliver operational excellence and leadership marketing, this Plan focuses on the five drivers of exceptional customer experiences—people, products, place, price and promotion.

 

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The near-term goal of our revitalization plan was to fortify the foundation of our business. By year-end 2004, we substantially achieved this goal.

 

We improved the taste of many of our core menu offerings and introduced products that have been well received by consumers such as new salad lines, breakfast and chicken offerings. We offered a variety of price options that appeal to a broad spectrum of consumers. We streamlined processes such as new product development and restaurant operations, improved our training programs, and implemented performance measures, including a restaurant review and measurement process, to enable and motivate restaurant employees to serve customers better. We have begun to remodel many of our restaurants to create more contemporary, welcoming environments. We also launched the “i’m lovin’ it” marketing theme, which achieved high levels of consumer awareness worldwide and gained McDonald’s recognition as 2004 Marketer of the Year by Advertising Age magazine.

 

Over the past two years, we have also exercised increased financial discipline; we paid down debt, reduced capital expenditures and reduced selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of revenues. In addition, we returned a significant amount of excess cash to shareholders in the form of dividends and share repurchases.

 

For each quarter of 2004, McDonald’s increased customer visits, improved margins and delivered double-digit growth in operating income and earnings per share. In addition, comparable sales were positive across all geographic segments during each and every quarter.

 

Our 2004 performance reflected the underlying strength of our U.S. business, which generated impressive sales and margin improvements for the second consecutive year. In Europe, our 2004 comparable sales for the year were 2.4%. This indicates that we are making progress toward revitalizing this important business segment, despite challenges in certain markets.

 

Highlights from the year included:

 

  Comparable sales increased 6.9% on top of a 2.4% increase in 2003.

 

  Consolidated revenues increased 11% to a record high of $19 billion. Excluding the positive impact of currency translation, revenues increased 7%.

 

  Systemwide sales increased 12%. Excluding the positive impact of currency translation, Systemwide sales increased 8%.

 

  Net income per common share totaled $1.79, compared with $1.15 in 2003.

 

  Company-operated margins as a percent of sales improved 80 basis points progressing towards our goal of increasing Company-operated margins to the levels reached in the year 2000.

 

  Cash from operations increased more than $600 million to $3.9 billion, primarily due to increased margins driven by higher sales at existing restaurants as well as stronger foreign currencies.

 

  Capital expenditures increased to $1.4 billion, with a higher percentage related to reinvestment in existing restaurants as compared with 2003.

 

  Debt pay-down totaled more than $800 million.

 

  The annual dividend was increased 38%, to about $700 million.

 

  Share repurchases totaled about $600 million.

 

  ROIIC was 41% for 2004. The decrease in impairment and other charges included in the increase in operating income between 2004 and 2003 benefited the return 10 percentage points. (See attached exhibit to this report.)

 

Outlook for 2005

 

The long-term goal of our revitalization plan was to create a differentiated customer experience—one that builds brand loyalty and delivers sustainable, profitable growth for shareholders. Looking forward, consistent with that goal, we are targeting average annual Systemwide sales and revenue growth of 3% to 5%, average annual operating income growth of 6% to 7%, and annual returns on incremental invested capital in the high teens. These targets exclude the impact of foreign currency translation.

 

As we move into 2005, we continue to execute our restaurant review and measurement process through a combination of graded restaurant visits, anonymous mystery shops and customer surveys, and we are rewarding high service levels with special incentives.

 

We also continue to evolve our menu to remain relevant. In the U.S., Fruit N’ Walnut Salads, as well as new, premium chicken sandwiches will be added to the menu, along with a new coffee blend. In Europe, we will introduce a range of new products. In Canada, Toasted Deli Sandwiches were introduced during the fourth quarter of 2004 and a similar product line is being launched in Australia in 2005. New products and branded everyday value remain a focus, as we continue to refresh our offerings and feature our EuroSaver Menu in several European markets, the Amazing Value Menu in Asia and the Dollar Menu in the U.S.

 

We continue our remodeling and rebuilding efforts and are enhancing our convenience with initiatives such as extended hours.

 

Another priority in 2005 is our continued focus on the well-being of our customers. We plan to build on the progress made last year through menu choice, providing education and information about our food, and encouraging physical activity through various programs and partnerships. This year we will leverage our size, reach, and resources to positively impact millions of families worldwide.

 

We are confident in our plans for 2005. At the same time, we recognize the challenges we face. For example, we must continue to deliver solid results in the U.S., a very competitive marketplace, despite difficult sales comparisons. We believe that the combination of initiatives that benefited our U.S. business in 2004 along with new products will continue to create positive momentum in 2005.

 

McDonald’s Corporation    11


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Outside the U.S., we must build on successes in some markets and overcome challenges in others. Notably, some key markets must increase consumer relevance, while others must build the business despite economic challenges. We believe that we are in a better position to overcome these issues today than we have been for some time. For example, in 2005 we sent 20 million households in the U.K. a brand book that combines value offers with important information designed to educate our customers about our product quality, balanced choices and social responsibility efforts. Additionally, we introduced a value menu in Germany, an economically challenged market, with heavy advertising support. Our plan is to leverage successes in markets, such as the U.S., Australia and France, to improve results in other countries.

 

In light of Chipotle Mexican Grill’s strong performance and growing popularity, we are exploring strategic alternatives to fuel growth of this emerging fast-casual brand, which currently operates more than 400 restaurants. We believe Chipotle’s value and potential might be maximized through alternative strategies that could include raising additional equity capital in public or private markets. This would have an additional benefit of enabling us to allocate more resources to growing sales and profits at existing McDonald’s restaurants.

 

While the Company does not provide specific guidance on earnings per share, the following information is provided to assist in analyzing the Company’s results.

 

    Changes in constant currency Systemwide sales are driven by changes in comparable sales and restaurant unit expansion. The Company expects net restaurant additions to add slightly more than 1 percentage point to sales growth in 2005 (in constant currencies). Most of this anticipated growth will result from restaurants opened in 2004.

 

    The Company does not provide specific guidance on changes in comparable sales. However, as a perspective, assuming no change in cost structure, a 1 percentage point increase in U.S. comparable sales would increase annual earnings per share by about 2 cents. Similarly, an increase of 1 percentage point in Europe’s comparable sales would increase annual earnings per share by about 1.5 cents.

 

    The Company expects full-year 2005 selling, general & administrative expenses to be relatively flat or to increase slightly in constant currencies and to decline as a percent of revenues and Systemwide sales, compared with 2004.

 

    A significant part of the Company’s operating income is from outside the U.S., and about 70% of its total debt is denominated in foreign currencies. Accordingly, earnings are affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly the Euro and the British Pound. If the Euro and the British Pound both move 10% in the same direction (compared with 2004 average rates), the Company’s annual earnings per share would change about 6 cents to 7 cents. In 2004, foreign currency translation benefited earnings per share by 6 cents due primarily to the Euro and the British Pound.

 

    For 2005, the Company expects its net debt principal repayments to be approximately $600 million to $800 million. At the end of 2004, McDonald’s debt-to-capital ratio was 39%. We plan to maintain a debt-to-capital ratio of 35% to 40% in the near term. The Company expects interest expense to be relatively flat in 2005 compared with 2004, based on current interest and foreign currency exchange rates and after considering net repayments.

 

    The Company expects capital expenditures for 2005 to be approximately $1.7 billion, reflecting higher investment in existing restaurants and stronger foreign currencies.

 

    The Company expects to return at least $1.3 billion to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases in 2005.

 

    The Company plans to adopt Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Statement 123(R), Share-Based Payment, during first quarter 2005 and restate prior periods. Partly in anticipation of these new accounting rules, the Company modified its compensation plans to limit eligibility to receive share-based compensation and shifted a portion of share-based compensation to primarily cash-based incentive compensation. We expect the 2005 impact of the adoption of Statement 123(R) combined with the modifications to the Company’s compensation plans to be about $0.10 per share of expense.

 

A number of factors can affect our business, including the effectiveness of operating initiatives and changes in global and local business and economic conditions. These and other risks are noted under Forward-looking statements at the end of Management’s discussion and analysis.

 

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Consolidated operating results

 

Operating results

 

    

2004


   

2003


    2002

 

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS,

EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA


   Amount

   

Increase/

(decrease)


    Amount

   

Increase/

(decrease)


    Amount

 

Revenues

                                    

Sales by Company-operated restaurants

   $ 14,224     11 %   $ 12,795     11 %   $ 11,500  

Revenues from franchised and affiliated restaurants

     4,841     11       4,345     11       3,906  
    


 

 


 

 


Total revenues

     19,065     11       17,140     11       15,406  
    


 

 


 

 


Operating costs and expenses

                                    

Company-operated restaurant expenses

     12,100     10       11,006     11       9,907  

Franchised restaurants–occupancy expenses

     1,003     7       938     12       840  

Selling, general & administrative expenses

     1,980     8       1,833     7       1,713  

Other operating expense, net

     441     (17 )     531     (36 )     833  
    


 

 


 

 


Total operating costs and expenses

     15,524     8       14,308     8       13,293  
    


 

 


 

 


Operating income

     3,541     25       2,832     34       2,113  
    


 

 


 

 


Interest expense

     358     (8 )     388     4       374  

Nonoperating (income) expense, net

     (20 )   nm       98     27       77  
    


 

 


 

 


Income before provision for income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting changes

     3,203     36       2,346     41       1,662  
    


 

 


 

 


Provision for income taxes

     924     10       838     25       670  
    


 

 


 

 


Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes

     2,279     51       1,508     52       992  

Cumulative effect of accounting changes, net of tax*

     —       nm       (37 )   nm       (99 )
    


 

 


 

 


Net income

   $ 2,279     55 %   $ 1,471     65 %   $ 893  
    


 

 


 

 


Per common share-diluted:

                                    

Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes

   $ 1.79     52 %   $ 1.18     53 %   $ .77  

Cumulative effect of accounting changes*

     —       nm       (.03 )   nm       (.07 )

Net income

   $ 1.79     56 %   $ 1.15     64 %   $ .70  
    


       


       


Weighted average common shares outstanding–diluted

     1,273.7             1,276.5             1,281.5  
    


       


       



* See Cumulative effect of accounting changes for further discussion.
nm Not meaningful.

 

McDonald’s Corporation    13


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Impairment and other charges, net

 

The Company recorded charges associated with certain strategic actions, as well as from annual goodwill and asset impairment testing in 2004, 2003 and 2002. These charges generally represent actions or transactions related to the implementation of strategic initiatives of the Company, items that are unusual or infrequent in nature (such as the dispositions of certain non-McDonald’s brands in 2003), charges resulting from impairment testing and a lease accounting correction in 2004. McDonald’s management does not include these items when reviewing business performance trends because we do not believe these items are indicative of expected ongoing results.

 

On a pretax basis, the Company recorded $241 million of impairment and other charges (net) in 2004, $408 million of impairment and other charges in 2003 and $853 million of impairment and other charges in 2002. All items were recorded in other operating expense with the exception of the gain related to the sale of the Company’s interest in a U.S. real estate partnership during 2004, which was recorded in nonoperating income.

 

Impairment and other charges–(income)/expense

 

     Pretax

   After tax(3)

  

Per common

share–diluted


IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA


   2004

    2003

   2002

   2004

    2003

   2002

   2004

    2003

   2002

Restaurant closings/impairment(1)

   $ 130     $ 136    $ 402    $ 116     $ 140    $ 336    $ .09     $ .11    $ .26

Restructuring

     —         272      267      —         183      244      —         .14      .19

Lease accounting correction:

                                                                 

Current year’s impact

     21       —        —        13       —        —        .01       —        —  

Prior years’ impact

     139       —        —        92       —        —        .07       —        —  

Other:

                                                                 

Operating

     —         —        184            —        120      —         —        .10

Nonoperating

     (49 )     —        —        (49 )     —        —        (.04 )     —        —  
    


 

  

  


 

  

  


 

  

Total(2)

   $ 241     $ 408    $ 853    $ 172     $ 323    $ 700    $ .13     $ .25    $ .55
    


 

  

  


 

  

  


 

  


(1) Although restaurant closings occur each year, the restaurant closing charges in 2003 and 2002, discussed below, were the result of separate intensive reviews by management in conjunction with other strategic actions.
(2) See Other operating expense, net note to the consolidated financial statements for a summary of the activity in the related liabilities, if any. The Company expects to use cash provided by operations to fund the remaining obligations, primarily related to leases.
(3) Certain items were not tax effected.

 

  Restaurant closings/asset impairment

 

In 2004, the Company recorded $130 million of pretax charges for asset and goodwill impairment, primarily in South Korea driven by its significant decline in performance over the past few years.

 

In 2003, the Company recorded $136 million of net pretax charges consisting of: $148 million primarily related to asset/goodwill impairment in Latin America; $30 million for about 50 restaurant closings associated with strategic actions in Latin America; and a $42 million favorable adjustment to the 2002 charge for restaurant closings, primarily due to about 85 fewer closings than originally anticipated.

 

In 2002, the Company recorded $402 million of pretax charges consisting of: $302 million related to management’s decision to close about 750 underperforming restaurants primarily in the U.S. and Japan; and $100 million primarily related to the impairment of assets for certain existing restaurants in Europe and Latin America. Most of the restaurants identified for closing had negative cash flows and/or very low annual sales volumes. Also, in many cases they would have required significant capital investment to remain financially viable.

 

  Restructuring

 

In 2003, the Company recorded $272 million of pretax charges consisting of: $237 million related to the loss on the sale of Donatos Pizzeria, the closing of all Donatos and Boston Market restaurants outside the U.S. and the exit of a domestic joint venture with Fazoli’s; and $35 million related to revitalization plan actions of McDonald’s Japan, including headcount reductions, the closing of Pret A Manger stores in Japan and the early termination of a long-term management services agreement. These actions were consistent with management’s strategy of concentrating the Company’s capital and resources on the best near-term opportunities and avoiding those that distract from restaurant-level execution.

 

In 2002, the Company initiated actions designed to optimize restaurant operations and improve the business and recorded $267 million of net pretax charges consisting of: $201 million related to the anticipated transfer of ownership in five countries in the Middle East and Latin America to developmental licensees and ceasing operations in two countries in Latin America; $81 million primarily related to eliminating approximately 600 positions (about half of which were in the U.S. and half of which were in international markets), reallocating resources and consolidating certain home office facilities to control costs; and a $15 million favorable adjustment to the 2001 restructuring charge due to lower employee-related costs than originally anticipated. Under the developmental license business structure, which the Company successfully employs in about 30 markets outside the U.S. (approximately 400 restaurants), the licensee owns the business, including the real estate interest. While the Company generally does not have any capital invested in these markets, it receives a royalty based on a percent of sales.

 

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  Lease accounting correction

 

Like other companies in the restaurant and retail industries, McDonald’s recently reviewed its accounting practices and policies with respect to leasing transactions. Following this review and in consultation with its external auditors, McDonald’s has corrected an error in its prior practices to conform the lease term used in calculating straight-line rent expense with the term used to amortize improvements on leased property. The result of the correction is primarily to accelerate the recognition of rent expense under certain leases that include fixed-rent escalations by revising the computation of straight-line rent expense to include these escalations for certain option periods. As the correction relates solely to accounting treatment, it does not affect McDonald’s historical or future cash flows or the timing of payments under the related leases and its effect on the Company’s current or prior years’ earnings per share, cash from operations and shareholders’ equity is immaterial. These adjustments primarily impact the U.S., China, Boston Market and Chipotle. Other markets were less significantly impacted, as many of the leases outside of the U.S. do not contain fixed-rent escalations. In 2005, we expect the rent expense related to this computation to be about $25 million of which about 40% relates to non-McDonald’s brands.

 

  Other

 

In 2004, the Company recorded a nonoperating gain of $49 million related to the sale of the Company’s interest in a U.S. real estate partnership. As a result of this transaction, the Company was able to reverse a valuation allowance related to certain capital loss carryforwards (see Provision for income taxes in Management’s discussion and analysis).

 

In 2002, the Company recorded $184 million of pretax charges consisting of $170 million primarily related to the write-off of software development costs as a result of management’s decision to terminate a long-term technology project; and $14 million primarily related to the write-off of receivables and inventory in Venezuela as a result of the temporary closure of all McDonald’s restaurants due to a national strike. Although the terminated technology project was expected to deliver long-term benefits, it was no longer viewed as the best use of capital, as the anticipated Systemwide cost over several years was expected to be more than $1 billion.

 

Impact of foreign currencies on reported results

 

While changing foreign currencies affect reported results, McDonald’s lessens exposures, where practical, by financing in local currencies, hedging certain foreign-denominated cash flows, and purchasing goods and services in local currencies.

 

In 2004 and 2003, foreign currency translation had a positive impact on consolidated revenues, operating income and earnings per share due to the strengthening of several major currencies, primarily the Euro and British Pound. In 2002, foreign currency translation had a minimal impact on revenues as the stronger Euro and British Pound were offset by weaker Latin American currencies (primarily the Argentine Peso, Brazilian Real and Venezuelan Bolivar); however, operating income in 2002 was positively impacted by foreign currency translation primarily due to the stronger Euro and British Pound.

 

Impact of foreign currency translation on reported results

 

IN MILLIONS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA


   Reported amount

  

Currency translation

benefit/(loss)


   2004

   2003

   2002

   2004

    2003

    2002

Revenues

   $ 19,065    $ 17,140    $ 15,406    $ 779     $ 886     $ 15

Company-operated margins(1)

     2,003      1,695      1,513      91       101       29

Franchised margins(1)

     3,832      3,405      3,064      139       195       39

Selling, general & administrative expenses

     1,980      1,833      1,713      (57 )     (68 )     8

Operating income

     3,541      2,832      2,113      160       189       90

Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes

     2,279      1,508      992      80       89       42

Net income

     2,279      1,471      893      80       89       42

Per common share–diluted:

                                           

Income before cumulative effect of accounting changes

     1.79      1.18      .77      .06       .07       .03

Net income

     1.79      1.15      .70      .06       .07       .04

(1) Includes McDonald’s restaurants only.

 

McDonald’s Corporation    15


Table of Contents

Revenues

 

In 2004, consolidated revenue growth was driven by positive performance in all segments as well as stronger foreign currencies. Consolidated revenue growth in 2003 was driven by stronger foreign currencies and strong performance in the U.S.

 

Revenues

 

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS


   Amount

   Increase/
(decrease)


   

Increase/(decrease)

excluding currency translation


 
   2004

   2003

   2002

   2004

    2003

    2004

    2003

 

Company-operated sales:

                                             

U.S.

   $ 3,828    $ 3,594    $ 3,172    7 %   13 %   7 %   13 %

Europe

     5,174      4,498      3,982    15     13     5     —    

APMEA

     2,390      2,158      2,115    11     2     7     (3 )

Latin America

     933      774      696    21     11     21     20  

Canada

     730      632      505    16     25     8     11  

Other

     1,169      1,139      1,030    3     11     3     10  
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 14,224    $ 12,795    $ 11,500    11 %   11 %   6 %   6 %
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Franchised and affiliated revenues:

                                             

U.S.

   $ 2,697    $ 2,445    $ 2,251    10 %   9 %   10 %   9 %

Europe

     1,563      1,377      1,154    14     19     3     1  

APMEA

     331      289      253    14     14     4     —    

Latin America

     75      85      118    (12 )   (28 )   (10 )   (20 )

Canada

     168      146      128    15     14     7     1  

Other

     7      3      2    nm     33     nm     33  
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 4,841    $ 4,345    $ 3,906    11 %   11 %   7 %   5 %
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Total revenues:

                                             

U.S.

   $ 6,525    $ 6,039    $ 5,423    8 %   11 %   8 %   11 %

Europe

     6,737      5,875      5,136    15     14     4     —    

APMEA

     2,721      2,447      2,368    11     3     7     (3 )

Latin America

     1,008      859      814    17     6     18     14  

Canada

     898      778      633    15     23     8     9  

Other

     1,176      1,142      1,032    3     11     3     11  
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 19,065    $ 17,140    $ 15,406    11 %   11 %   7 %   6 %
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

 

In the U.S., the increases in revenues in 2004 and 2003 were due to the combined strength of the strategic menu, marketing and service initiatives. Also, franchised and affiliated revenues increased at a higher rate than Company-operated sales due to a higher percentage of franchised restaurants throughout 2004 compared with 2003, while throughout 2003 there was a higher percentage of Company-owned restaurants than in 2002.

 

In 2004, the increase in Europe’s revenues was due to strong comparable sales in Russia, which is entirely Company-operated, and positive comparable sales in France, the U.K. and many other markets, partly offset by Germany’s poor performance. In 2003, Europe’s revenues reflected strong performance in Russia driven by expansion and positive comparable sales, along with expansion in France, partly offset by weak results in the U.K. and Germany.

 

In 2004, the increase in APMEA’s revenues was due primarily to strong performance in China and Australia as well as positive comparable sales in many other markets, partly offset by poor performance in South Korea. In 2003, APMEA’s revenues benefited from positive comparable sales in Australia and expansion in China, but were negatively affected by weak results in Hong Kong, South Korea and Taiwan, compounded by consumer concerns about Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in several markets in the first half of the year.

 

In Latin America, revenues in 2004 and 2003 increased in constant currencies primarily due to a higher percentage of Company-operated restaurants and positive comparable sales, especially in 2004.

 

16    McDonald’s Corporation


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The following tables present Systemwide sales growth rates and the increase or decrease in comparable sales.

 

Systemwide sales

 

     Increase/(decrease)

   

Increase/(decrease)

excluding currency translation


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

    2004

    2003

    2002

 

U.S.

   10 %   9 %   1 %   10 %   9 %   1 %

Europe

   14     18     11     4     2     5  

APMEA

   12     6     (3 )   6     (2 )   (3 )

Latin America

   13     (4 )   (17 )   13     4     4  

Canada

   15     17     1     7     4     2  

Other

   —       10     9     —       10     9  
    

 

 

 

 

 

Total

   12 %   11 %   2 %   8 %   5 %   2 %
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

Comparable sales–McDonald’s restaurants

 

    

Increase/

(decrease)


 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 

U.S.

   9.6 %   6.4 %   (1.5 )%

Europe

   2.4     (0.9 )   1.0  

APMEA

   5.6     (4.2 )   (8.5 )

Latin America

   13.0     2.3     1.0  

Canada

   5.4     —       (2.5 )
    

 

 

Total

   6.9 %   2.4 %   (2.1 )%
    

 

 

 

Operating margins

 

Operating margin information and discussions relate to McDonald’s restaurants only and exclude non-McDonald’s brands.

 

  Company-operated margins

 

Company-operated margin dollars represent sales by Company-operated restaurants less the operating costs of these restaurants. Company-operated margin dollars increased $308 million or 18% (13% in constant currencies) in 2004 and increased $182 million or 12% (5% in constant currencies) in 2003. The constant currency increase in both periods was primarily due to strong comparable sales.

 

Company-operated margins–McDonald’s restaurants

 

IN MILLIONS


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

U.S.

   $ 731     $ 635     $ 507  

Europe

     807       708       631  

APMEA

     264       213       239  

Latin America

     89       47       66  

Canada

     112       92       70  
    


 


 


Total

   $ 2,003     $ 1,695     $ 1,513  
    


 


 


PERCENT OF SALES


                  

U.S.

     19.1 %     17.7 %     16.0 %

Europe

     15.6       15.7       15.9  

APMEA

     11.0       9.9       11.3  

Latin America

     9.5       6.1       9.4  

Canada

     15.3       14.6       13.7  
    


 


 


Total

     15.3 %     14.5 %     14.4 %
    


 


 


 

Operating cost trends as a percent of sales were as follows: food & paper costs increased in 2004 and decreased in 2003, payroll costs decreased in 2004 and were flat in 2003, and occupancy & other operating decreased in 2004 and increased in 2003.

 

In the U.S., the Company-operated margin percent increased in 2004 primarily due to positive comparable sales, partly offset by higher commodity costs and higher staffing levels. The U.S. Company-operated margin percent increased in 2003 primarily due to positive comparable sales and lower payroll as a percent of sales due to improved productivity and lower wage inflation, partly offset by higher commodity costs.

 

In Europe, Russia’s strong performance benefited the Company-operated margin percent for 2004 but was more than offset by weak performance in Germany and the U.K. as well as higher commodity costs for the segment. In 2003, Europe’s Company-operated margin percent reflected weak performance in the U.K., partly offset by improved margin performance in Germany and France.

 

In APMEA, the Company-operated margin percent in 2004 reflected improved performance in Hong Kong, Australia and China and poor performance in South Korea. In 2003, the margin declined significantly due to concerns of SARS impacting sales in many markets, partly offset by the SARS-related sales tax relief received from the Chinese government.

 

In Latin America, the Company-operated margin percent for 2004 reflected improved performance, primarily in Brazil, Argentina and Venezuela. In 2003, results reflected difficult economic conditions in these markets.

 

  Franchised margins

 

Franchised margin dollars represent revenues from franchised and affiliated restaurants less the Company’s occupancy costs (rent and depreciation) associated with those sites. Franchised margin dollars represented more than 65% of the combined operating margins in 2004, 2003 and 2002. Franchised margin dollars increased $427 million or 13% (8% in constant currencies) in 2004 and $341 million or 11% (5% in constant currencies) in 2003.

 

Franchised margins–McDonald’s restaurants

 

IN MILLIONS


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

U.S.

   $ 2,177     $ 1,945     $ 1,781  

Europe

     1,195       1,044       885  

APMEA

     284       248       217  

Latin America

     45       54       79  

Canada

     131       114       102  
    


 


 


Total

   $ 3,832     $ 3,405     $ 3,064  
    


 


 


PERCENT OF REVENUES


                  

U.S.

     80.7 %     79.5 %     79.1 %

Europe

     76.5       75.8       76.7  

APMEA

     85.7       85.6       85.8  

Latin America

     60.1       64.3       66.9  

Canada

     78.0       78.2       79.2  
    


 


 


Total

     79.3 %     78.4 %     78.5 %
    


 


 


 

 

McDonald’s Corporation    17


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The consolidated franchised margin percent increased for 2004 but slightly declined in 2003. Both periods benefited from strong comparable sales but reflected higher occupancy costs, due in part to an increased proportion of leased sites.

 

Selling, general & administrative expenses

 

Consolidated selling, general & administrative expenses increased 8% in 2004 and 7% in 2003 (5% and 3% in constant currencies). The constant currency increases in 2004 and 2003 reflected higher performance-based incentive compensation. In addition, 2003 included severance and other costs associated with the strategic decision to reduce restaurant openings.

 

Selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of revenues declined to 10.4% in 2004 compared with 10.7% in 2003 and 11.1% in 2002, and selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of Systemwide sales declined to 3.9% in 2004 compared with 4.0% in 2003 and 4.1% in 2002. Management believes that analyzing selling, general & administrative expenses as a percent of Systemwide sales as well as revenues is meaningful because these costs are incurred to support Systemwide restaurants.

 

Selling, general & administrative expenses

 

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS


   Amount

   Increase/
(decrease)


   

Increase/
(decrease)

excluding
currency
translation


 
   2004

   2003

   2002

   2004

    2003

    2004

    2003

 

U.S.

   $ 602    $ 567    $ 558    6 %   2 %   6 %   2 %

Europe

     485      424      359    14     18     4     2  

APMEA

     189      173      158    9     10     4     2  

Latin America

     107      102      102    5     —       5     8  

Canada

     64      54      49    20     9     11     (3 )

Other

     96      115      114    (16 )   1     (16 )   —    

Corporate(1)

     437      398      373    10     7     10     7  
    

  

  

  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,980    $ 1,833    $ 1,713    8 %   7 %   5 %   3 %
    

  

  

  

 

 

 


(1) Corporate expenses consist of home office support costs in areas such as facilities, finance, human resources, information technology, legal, marketing, supply chain management and training.

 

Other operating expense, net

 

Other operating (income) expense, net

 

DOLLARS IN MILLIONS


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

Gains on sales of restaurant businesses

   $ (45 )   $ (55 )   $ (114 )

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

     (60 )     (37 )     (24 )

Other expense:

                        

Impairment and other charges(1)

     130       408       853  

Prior years’ lease accounting correction

     139       —         —    

Other(2)

     277       215       118  
    


 


 


Total

   $ 441     $ 531     $ 833  
    


 


 



(1) See Other operating expense, net note to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the charges and a summary of the activity in the related liabilities.
(2) Includes $21 million for current year’s impact of lease accounting correction.

 

  Gains on sales of restaurant businesses

 

Gains on sales of restaurant businesses include gains from sales of Company-operated restaurants as well as gains from exercises of purchase options by franchisees with business facilities lease arrangements (arrangements where the Company leases the businesses, including equipment, to franchisees who have options to purchase the businesses). The Company’s purchases and sales of businesses with its franchisees and affiliates are aimed at achieving an optimal ownership mix in each market. Resulting gains or losses are recorded in operating income because the transactions are a recurring part of our business.

 

  Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

 

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates–businesses in which the Company actively participates but does not control–is reported after interest expense and income taxes, except for U.S. restaurant partnerships, which are reported before income taxes. The increase in 2004 was primarily due to stronger performance in the U.S. and improved results from our Japanese affiliate. The increase in 2003 was primarily due to strong results in the U.S.

 

18    McDonald’s Corporation


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  Other expense

 

The following table presents impairment and other charges and lease accounting correction amounts included in other operating expense by segment for 2004, 2003 and 2002.

 

Impairment and other charges

 

IN MILLIONS


   U.S.

    Europe

    APMEA

    Latin America

    Canada

    Other

    Corporate

   Consolidated

 

2004

                                                               

Restaurant closings/impairment

   $ 10     $ 25     $ 93     $ 2                            $ 130  

Lease accounting correction:

                                                               

Current year’s impact

     8               4                     $ 9              21  

Prior years’ impact

     62       1       42             $ 4       30