10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10.K FORM 10.K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004

 

or

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             

 

Commission File No. 1-8529

 


 

LEGG MASON, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Maryland   52-1200960

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

100 Light Street

Baltimore, Maryland

  21202
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (410) 539-0000

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class


 

Name of each exchange

on which registered


Common Stock, $.10 par value   New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: NONE

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

As of September 30, 2003, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting stock, consisting of the registrant’s common stock and the exchangeable shares discussed below, held by non-affiliates was $4,417,879,301.

 

As of May 21, 2004, the number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s common stock was 66,804,704. In addition, on that date a subsidiary of the registrant had outstanding 1,931,667 exchangeable shares which are convertible on a one-for-one basis at any time into shares of common stock of the registrant.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on July 20, 2004 are incorporated by reference into Part III.

 



PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS.

 

General

 

We are a holding company that, through our subsidiaries, is principally engaged in providing the following services to individuals, institutions, corporations, governments and government agencies:

 

  asset management;

 

  securities brokerage;

 

  investment banking; and

 

  other related financial services.

 

We currently operate through three business segments: Asset Management, Private Client and Capital Markets; however, in reporting our results, we include a fourth segment — Corporate.

 

In our asset management business, we provide investment advisory services to institutional and individual clients and company-sponsored investment funds. We classify our asset management business into three divisions: Mutual Funds, Institutional and Wealth Management.

 

In our Mutual Funds business, we sponsor domestic and international equity, fixed income and money market mutual and closed-end funds and other proprietary funds. We have two asset management subsidiaries that primarily focus on managing proprietary investment funds:

 

  Legg Mason Funds Management, Inc., an equity asset manager located in Baltimore, Maryland; and

 

  Royce & Associates, LLC, a primarily small-cap value equity manager located in New York, New York.

 

Our Institutional asset management subsidiaries provide a wide range of asset management services and products to domestic and international institutional clients. Our Institutional asset management subsidiaries are:

 

  Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited, fixed income asset managers located in Pasadena, California; London, England and Singapore;

 

  Brandywine Asset Management, LLC, an equity and fixed income manager headquartered in Wilmington, Delaware;

 

  Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc., a U.S., international and emerging markets equity manager headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts;

 

  Legg Mason Capital Management, Inc., an equity asset manager located in Baltimore, Maryland;

 

  Legg Mason Canada Inc. (formerly Perigee Investment Counsel Inc.), an equity and fixed income manager headquartered in Toronto, Canada; and

 

  Legg Mason Investments Holdings Limited, which primarily distributes company-sponsored offshore funds and is headquartered in London, England.

 

Our Wealth Management subsidiaries provide customized discretionary investment management services and products to high net worth individuals and families, endowments and foundations and institutions. Our Wealth Management subsidiaries are:

 

  Private Capital Management, L.P., an equity asset manager located in Naples, Florida;

 

  Bartlett & Co., a balanced, equity and fixed income portfolio manager headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio;


  Barrett Associates, Inc., an equity asset manager located in New York, New York;

 

  Berkshire Asset Management, Inc., an equity, balanced and fixed income portfolio manager located in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania;

 

  Legg Mason Focus Capital, Inc., an equity asset manager headquartered in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania; and

 

  Legg Mason Trust, fsb, a federal chartered thrift organization that manages fixed income and equity assets and is headquartered in Baltimore, Maryland.

 

Our Private Client and Capital Markets business segment activities are primarily conducted through Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated (“Legg Mason Wood Walker”), our principal broker-dealer subsidiary. Legg Mason Wood Walker is a full service broker-dealer, investment advisor and investment banking firm operating primarily in the Eastern and Southern regions of the United States.

 

Our Corporate business segment currently consists primarily of unallocated corporate revenues and expenses. Before the September 30, 2003 sale of the mortgage banking and servicing operations of Legg Mason Real Estate Services, Inc. (“LMRES”), our real estate finance and mortgage banking subsidiary, we included these unallocated corporate revenues and expenses in an Other business segment that consisted primarily of the operations of LMRES.

 

See “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Fiscal 2004 Compared with Fiscal 2003 — Results by Segment” for the net revenues and pre-tax earnings of each of our business segments. See Note 18 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report for the net revenues and pre-tax earnings generated by Legg Mason in each of the four principal geographic areas in which we conduct business.

 

Legg Mason, Inc. was incorporated in Maryland in 1981 to serve as a holding company for Legg Mason Wood Walker and other subsidiaries. The predecessor company to Legg Mason Wood Walker was formed in 1970 under the name Legg Mason & Co., Inc. to combine the operations of Legg & Co., a Maryland-based broker-dealer formed in 1899, and Mason & Company, Inc., a Virginia-based broker-dealer formed in 1962. Our subsequent growth has occurred primarily through internal expansion and the acquisition of asset management and broker-dealer firms.

 

Additional information about Legg Mason is available on our website at http://www.leggmason.com. We make available, free of charge, our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and our proxy statements. Investors can find this information under the “Inside Legg Mason-Investor Relations” section of our website. These reports are available through our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, the Legg Mason, Inc. Corporate Governance Principles, Code of Conduct for all employees and directors and charters for the committees of our Board of Directors are also available on our corporate website at http://www.leggmason.com under the “Inside Legg Mason-Investor Relations” section. A copy of any of these materials may also be obtained, free of charge, by sending a written request to Corporate Secretary, Legg Mason, Inc., 100 Light Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Within the time frames required by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the New York Stock Exchange, we will post on our website any amendments to the Code of Conduct and any waiver of the Code of Conduct applicable to any executive officer, director, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Report.

 

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Report to “we,” “us,” “our” and “Legg Mason” include Legg Mason, Inc. and its predecessors and subsidiaries.

 

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Revenues by Source (1)

 

LEGG MASON, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

 

     Years Ended March 31,

 
     2004

    2003

    2002

 
     Amount

   Percent

    Amount

   Percent

    Amount

   Percent

 
     (Dollars in thousands)  

Investment Advisory and Related Fees:

                                       

Separate Accounts

   $ 678,867    35.0 %   $ 488,614    32.6 %   $ 423,745    29.8 %

Mutual Funds:

                                       

Advisory Fees

     329,908    17.0       223,540    14.9       186,642    13.1  

Distribution Fees

     190,073    9.8       137,024    9.1       159,961    11.2  

Related Fees

     18,182    0.9       11,152    0.7       10,244    0.7  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Total

     1,217,030    62.7       860,330    57.3       780,592    54.8  

Commissions:

                                       

Listed and Over-the-Counter

     223,395    11.5       197,339    13.2       212,531    14.9  

Mutual Funds

     79,021    4.1       77,671    5.2       80,276    5.6  

Insurance and Annuities

     35,974    1.8       36,408    2.4       31,547    2.2  

Options

     5,129    0.3       5,301    0.3       6,539    0.5  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Total

     343,519    17.7       316,719    21.1       330,893    23.2  

Principal Transactions:

                                       

U.S. Government and Agency

     55,638    2.9       58,500    3.9       46,868    3.3  

Municipal

     27,254    1.4       31,777    2.1       30,435    2.2  

Corporate Debt

     47,547    2.4       35,569    2.4       31,431    2.2  

Equities

     35,042    1.8       32,348    2.1       30,166    2.1  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Total

     165,481    8.5       158,194    10.5       138,900    9.8  

Investment Banking:

                                       

Corporate

     135,608    7.0       93,350    6.2       88,424    6.2  

Municipal

     14,489    0.7       15,681    1.1       13,760    1.0  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Total

     150,097    7.7       109,031    7.3       102,184    7.2  

Interest Income

     84,314    4.3       106,220    7.1       163,460    11.5  

Other

     43,826    2.3       35,849    2.4       32,864    2.3  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Total Revenues

     2,004,267    103.2       1,586,343    105.7       1,548,893    108.8  

Interest Expense

     63,155    3.2       85,997    5.7       125,342    8.8  
    

  

 

  

 

  

Net Revenues

   $ 1,941,112    100.0 %   $ 1,500,346    100.0 %   $ 1,423,551    100.0 %
    

  

 

  

 

  


(1) Restated to reflect discontinued mortgage banking and servicing operations, where applicable.

 

Asset Management Business Segment

 

Our Asset Management business segment provides investment advisory services to institutional and individual clients and company-sponsored investment funds. Operating in offices primarily located in the United States, and also located in the United Kingdom, Canada and Singapore, our asset management subsidiaries provide a broad array of investment management products and services. Our investment products include proprietary mutual funds ranging from money market and fixed income funds to equity funds managed in a wide variety of investing styles, domestic and offshore funds and certain unregistered, alternative investment products.

 

In our asset management business, our subsidiaries primarily earn revenues by charging fees for managing the investment assets of clients. Fees are typically calculated as a percentage of the value of assets under

 

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management and vary with the type of account managed, the asset manager and the type of client. Our asset management subsidiaries also may earn performance fees from certain accounts if the investment performance of the assets in the account exceeds a specified benchmark during a measurement period. Accordingly, the fee income of each of our asset management subsidiaries will typically increase or decrease as its average assets under management increases or decreases. Increases in assets under management generally result from appreciation in the value of client assets and from inflows of additional assets from new and existing clients. Conversely, decreases in assets under management generally result from asset value depreciation and from client redemptions and withdrawals.

 

As of March 31 of each of the last three years, our subsidiaries had the following aggregate assets under management:

 

    

Total Assets
Under
Management

(billions)


  

Total Equity-
Related Assets
Under
Management

(billions)


   % of Total in
Equity Assets


   

Total Fixed
Income-Related
Assets Under
Management

(billions)


   % of Total in
Fixed Income
Assets


 

2004

   $ 286.4    $ 112.3    39.2 %   $ 174.1    60.8 %

2003

     192.2      60.1    31.3       132.1    68.7  

2002

     177.0      67.2    38.0       109.8    62.0  

 

Our asset management business has had steady growth over the last ten years, both in absolute terms and in terms of the percentage of our revenues and profits that it generates. During that period, our assets under management have grown from $16.7 billion to $286.4 billion and our investment advisory and related fee revenues, which include distribution fees that are included in the Private Client business segment, have grown from $96.9 million to $1.2 billion. This growth in our asset management business has occurred through both internal growth and strategic acquisitions of asset management businesses. More recently, we have sought to grow our asset management business internationally, and, as a result, $48.5 billion of our assets under management are either in offshore funds or are managed by our non-U.S.-based subsidiaries. It is our strategy to continue to grow our asset management business, both in absolute terms and as percentages of our total revenues and profits.

 

We believe that market conditions and the investment performance of our asset management subsidiaries will be critical elements in our attempts to grow our assets under management and asset management business. When securities markets are strong, our assets under management will tend to increase because of market growth, resulting in increased asset management revenues. Similarly, if our asset management subsidiaries can produce strong investment results relative to those of other investment managers, our assets under management will tend to increase as a result of the investment performance. In addition, strong market conditions or strong relative investment performance can result in increased inflows in assets from existing and new clients. Conversely, in periods when securities markets are weak or declining, or when our asset management subsidiaries have not produced strong relative performance, it is likely to be more difficult to grow our assets under management and asset management business and, in such periods, our assets under management and asset management business are more likely to decline.

 

Our asset management subsidiaries manage the accounts of their clients pursuant to written investment management contracts between the client and the subsidiary. These contracts generally specify the management fees to be paid by the client and the investment strategy for the account, and are generally terminable by either party on relatively short notice. Investment management contracts may not be assigned (including as a result of transactions, such as a direct or indirect change of control of the asset management subsidiary, that would constitute an assignment under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940) without the prior consent of the client. When the asset management client is a registered mutual fund or closed-end fund (whether or not a Legg Mason subsidiary has sponsored the fund), the fund’s board of directors must annually approve the investment management contract, and any material changes to the contract or assignment of the contract (including as a

 

4


result of transactions, such as a direct or indirect change of control of the asset management subsidiary, that would constitute an assignment under the Investment Company Act of 1940) must be approved by the investors in the fund.

 

We conduct our asset management business primarily through 15 subsidiaries. Each of these subsidiaries generally focuses on a different aspect of the asset management business in terms of the types of assets managed (primarily equity or fixed income), the types of products and services offered, the investment styles utilized, the distribution channels used and the types and geographic locations of its clients. These subsidiaries are generally operated as individual businesses, in many cases with certain administrative functions being provided by the parent company and other affiliates, that market their products and services under their own brand names. Consistent with this approach, we have in place revenue sharing agreements with Legg Mason Funds Management and Legg Mason Capital Management, Royce & Associates, Western Asset Management Company and Western Asset Management Company Limited, Brandywine Asset Management, Batterymarch Financial Management, Private Capital Management, Bartlett & Co., Barrett Associates and Berkshire Asset Management and/or certain of their key officers. Pursuant to these revenue sharing agreements, a specified percentage of the subsidiary’s revenues is required to be distributed to us, and the balance of the revenues is retained to pay operating expenses, including salaries and bonuses, with specific expense and compensation allocations being determined, subject to our approval, by the subsidiary’s management.

 

We classify our asset management business into three divisions: Mutual Funds, Institutional and Wealth Management. Mutual Funds encompasses the subsidiaries that are primarily engaged in providing investment advisory services to proprietary mutual and closed-end funds and the proprietary funds operations of our other asset managers. Our Institutional managers are subsidiaries that focus on providing asset management services for institutional clients. Our Wealth Managers are subsidiaries that primarily focus on providing asset management services for high net worth individuals and family groups and endowments. There is overlap among the three groups of subsidiaries as many of our Institutional subsidiaries and Wealth Managers also manage investment funds that are part of the Mutual Funds division and each subsidiary may provide asset management services to other types of clients. Our asset management divisions are described in more detail below.

 

Our assets under management by division (in billions) as of March 31 of each of the three years indicated below was as follows:

 

     2004

     2003

     2002

Mutual Funds

   $ 64.3      $ 35.9      $ 37.3

Institutional

     187.0        136.8        119.3

Wealth Management

     35.1        19.5        20.4
    

    

    

Total

   $ 286.4      $ 192.2      $ 177.0
    

    

    

 

Mutual Funds includes all assets in our proprietary investment funds and all separate accounts managed by our Mutual Funds subsidiaries. Institutional includes all non-proprietary investment fund assets managed by our Institutional managers. Wealth Management includes all non-proprietary investment fund assets managed by our Wealth Managers. In addition, assets managed by other subsidiaries that are not part of our Asset Management business segment are included in Institutional or Wealth Management as appropriate.

 

5


For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, our Asset Management segment produced aggregate net revenues of $969.3 million, $648.1 million and $557.9 million, respectively. Our net revenues by division (in millions) within our Asset Management segment for each of those fiscal years was as follows:

 

     2004

     2003

     2002

Mutual Funds

   $ 311.0      $ 202.9      $ 173.8

Institutional

     458.0        325.2        290.6

Wealth Management

     200.3        120.0        93.5
    

    

    

Total

   $ 969.3      $ 648.1      $ 557.9
    

    

    

 

We calculate our net revenues by Asset Management division in a different manner from the way we calculate our assets under management by Asset Management division. In reporting our net revenues by Asset Management division, we include in each division all revenues of the subsidiaries within the division, including revenues earned for providing investment advisory services to proprietary funds, rather than crediting revenues from proprietary funds to the Mutual Funds division. Revenues for the Mutual Funds division also include revenues for certain administrative, marketing, sales and distribution services (excluding those distribution and service fee revenues that are included in our Private Client business segment) provided to proprietary mutual funds. Revenues for the Institutional division also include revenues for certain administrative, marketing, sales and distribution services provided to proprietary offshore funds.

 

Mutual Funds

 

In our Mutual Funds division, we sponsor domestic and international equity, fixed income and money market mutual funds, closed-end funds and other proprietary funds. As of March 31, 2004 and 2003 our Mutual Funds division managed assets with value of $64.3 billion and $35.9 billion, respectively. Approximately 47% of the growth in assets managed by this division during the fiscal year resulted from positive net client cash flows, and almost all of the remainder of the growth resulted from asset appreciation. Our mutual funds business primarily consists of two families of proprietary mutual and closed-end funds, the Legg Mason Funds and the Royce Funds. The Legg Mason Funds invest in a wide range of domestic and international equity and fixed income securities utilizing a number of different investment styles. The Royce Funds invest primarily in small-cap domestic company stocks using a value investment approach. Of our $64.3 billion in Mutual Funds assets as of March 31, 2004, $43.5 billion were in these two proprietary fund families.

 

The Legg Mason Funds consist of 22 separate mutual funds. Of these funds, three are money market funds, eight invest primarily in taxable or tax-free fixed income securities, nine invest primarily in domestic equity securities and two invest primarily in international equity securities. Investment objectives for the Legg Mason Funds range from capital appreciation to current income. Equity investment strategies may emphasize large-cap, mid-cap or small-cap investing. The largest of the Legg Mason Funds is Legg Mason Value Trust, Inc., which had $14.2 billion in assets as of March 31, 2004 and has received recognition for its investment performance over the last 13 calendar years.

 

Legg Mason Funds Management, Inc. is the primary equity investment advisor to the Legg Mason Funds. Legg Mason Funds Management serves as investment advisor to four of the equity funds in the Legg Mason Funds family, including Legg Mason Value Trust, Inc. Legg Mason Funds Management also sub-advises the mutual fund managed by the joint venture described below and investment products sponsored by Legg Mason Canada and Legg Mason Investments. Legg Mason Funds Management’s investment process uses a variety of techniques to develop an estimate of the worth of a business over the long term. The objective is to identify companies where the intrinsic value of the business is significantly higher than the current market value.

 

We and one of our employees each own 50% of a joint venture subsidiary that serves as investment manager of one equity fund, Legg Mason Opportunity Trust, within the Legg Mason Funds family. All of the assets managed by this joint venture, $3.2 billion at March 31, 2004, are included in our assets under management.

 

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In addition to Legg Mason Funds Management and the joint venture, a number of our other subsidiaries manage Legg Mason Funds. Western Asset Management Company serves as investment advisor to five taxable fixed income funds and two taxable money market funds; Legg Mason Trust, fsb serves as investment advisor to three tax-exempt fixed income funds and one tax-exempt money market fund; Batterymarch Financial Management serves as investment advisor to two international equity funds; Brandywine Asset Management serves as investment advisor to two equity funds; and Bartlett & Co. and Barrett Associates each serve as investment advisor to one equity fund.

 

The Royce Funds consist of 18 mutual funds and three closed-end funds that invest primarily in small-cap domestic company stocks. The investment objective of each of these funds is long-term appreciation of capital using a value approach. The funds differ in their approaches to investing in small or micro-cap companies and the universe of securities from which they can select. Further, two of the funds are used as funding vehicles for insurance products.

 

Royce & Associates, LLC is investment advisor to all of the Royce Funds. In addition, Royce & Associates also manages other accounts that invest primarily in small-cap domestic company stocks, using a value approach. Royce & Associates’ stock selection process seeks to identify companies with strong balance sheets and the ability to generate free cash flow. Royce & Associates pursues securities that are priced below their estimate of current worth.

 

Our proprietary mutual funds are distributed through a number of channels. Legg Mason Wood Walker is the principal underwriter for the Legg Mason Funds, which are primarily distributed to retail investors through our Private Client Group financial advisors and through our funds marketing departments. The Royce Funds are primarily distributed through non-affiliated funds supermarkets, non-affiliated wrap programs, direct distribution and our Private Client Group financial advisors. In addition, two of the portfolios in the Royce Funds are distributed only through insurance companies. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, we received from our proprietary mutual funds and offshore investment funds approximately $190.1 million, $137.0 million and $160.0 million, respectively, in asset-based distribution and service fees, of which $147.9 million, $112.7 million and $132.5 million, respectively, are included in the Private Client business segment.

 

Our Mutual Funds division also includes the Western Asset Funds, a proprietary family of mutual funds that are marketed primarily to institutional investors. Western Asset Management Company sponsors these funds and manages them using a team approach under the supervision of Western Asset’s investment committee. The funds primarily invest in fixed income securities. Western Asset also manages four closed-end funds. The Western Asset Funds, and the institutional and financial intermediary classes of the Legg Mason Funds, are marketed to institutional investors primarily through our institutional funds marketing department.

 

Our Mutual Funds division also includes seven groups of proprietary funds that are sponsored and managed by our Institutional managers, Mutual Funds managers and Private Capital Management and are offered and sold only outside of the United States to non-U.S. persons. Domiciled in Ireland, the Legg Mason Global Funds plc is a family of 14 funds managed by Western Asset Management Company, Legg Mason Funds Management, Batterymarch Financial Management, Brandywine Asset Management, and Royce & Associates. The U.S. Select Value Fund, a sub-fund of the Legg Mason Select Funds plc, is also an Ireland domiciled fund that is managed by Private Capital Management. Western Asset Management Company Limited sponsors and manages the Western Asset Funds plc, another Ireland domiciled funds family that consists of 41 fixed income funds. The Legg Mason Worldwide family of funds consists of two funds domiciled in Luxembourg that are managed by Batterymarch Financial Management. Legg Mason Canada manages a group of 17 Canadian funds that are sold in Canada. Legg Mason Investments sponsors a group of ten funds domiciled in the United Kingdom. Finally, Legg Mason Asset Management (Asia) Pte Ltd manages and sponsors a family of seven unit trusts domiciled in Singapore.

 

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Institutional

 

Our Institutional managers provide a wide range of asset management services and products to domestic and international institutional clients. These subsidiaries manage a range of domestic, international and global equity, balanced, fixed income and cash management portfolios for their institutional clients. Our domestic and international institutional clients include pension and other retirement funds, corporations, insurance companies, endowments and foundations and governments. Our seven primary Institutional asset management subsidiaries are described below.

 

As of March 31, 2004 and 2003, our Institutional asset management subsidiaries managed assets with a value of $186.3 billion and $135.8 billion, respectively (excluding assets with a value of $18.7 billion and $13.2 billion, respectively, in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries). These amounts also exclude $0.7 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively, of institutional assets managed by subsidiaries, primarily LMRES, outside of our Asset Management business segment. Over 75% of the assets managed by our Institutional managers (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) are in fixed income assets managed by Western Asset and Western Asset Limited. Similarly, over 70% of the growth in assets managed by our Institutional managers during the fiscal year (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) resulted from growth in fixed income assets managed by Western Asset and Western Asset Limited, supplemented by growth in assets managed by Brandywine, Batterymarch, and Legg Mason Capital Management. Approximately 53% of the growth in assets managed by the subsidiaries in this division during the fiscal year (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) resulted from positive net client cash flows, and almost all of the remainder of the growth resulted from asset appreciation.

 

Western Asset Management Company is a leading fixed income asset manager for institutional clients. Among the services Western Asset provides are management of separate accounts and management of mutual funds, closed-end funds and other structured investment products. Based in Pasadena, California, Western Asset offers over 30 fixed income asset management products, including its “core” and “core plus” products. In December 2003, we acquired the Singapore business of Rothschild Asset Management (Singapore) Limited, which is housed in a separate subsidiary, Legg Mason Asset Management (Asia) Pte Ltd, and is managed by Western Asset. Western Asset targets four key areas in managing fixed income portfolios — sector allocation, issue selection, duration exposure and term structure weighting. A fifth key area — country/currency allocation — is targeted for global portfolios.

 

Western Asset Management Company Limited contains the United Kingdom operations of Western Asset Management Company. Based in London, Western Asset Limited manages non-U.S. dollar currency and fixed income assets for many of the international clients of Western Asset.

 

Brandywine Asset Management, LLC manages equity and fixed income, including global and international fixed income, portfolios for institutional and, through wrap accounts, high net worth individual clients. Brandywine, based in Wilmington, Delaware, pursues a value investing approach in its management of both equity and fixed income assets.

 

Batterymarch Financial Management, Inc. manages U.S., international and emerging markets equity portfolios for institutional clients. Based in Boston, Massachusetts, Batterymarch primarily uses a quantitative approach to asset management. The firm’s investment process for U.S. and international portfolios, other than emerging market portfolios, is designed to enhance the fundamental investment disciplines by using quantitative tools to process fundamental data.

 

Legg Mason Capital Management, Inc. manages equity portfolios primarily for institutional accounts. Legg Mason Capital Management and Legg Mason Funds Management are generally operated as a single business, and Legg Mason Capital Management manages client portfolios using the same management style and approaches that are used by Legg Mason Funds Management.

 

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Legg Mason Canada is an institutional investment manager located and operating in Canada. The types of clients for whom Legg Mason Canada provides investment management services include: pension plans for public and private sector entities, managed on both a separate account and pooled basis; third party mutual funds; government sponsored funds; insurance companies; trusts and foundations; and individual investors, whose portfolios are managed separately or on a pooled basis. Legg Mason Canada offers Canadian products managed in a number of different equity and fixed income investment styles, and, through sub-advisory or other arrangements with other subsidiaries, management of non-Canadian assets.

 

Our Institutional asset management division also includes Legg Mason Investments Holdings Limited. Located in the United Kingdom, Legg Mason Investments previously managed, through its subsidiaries, unit and investment trusts, which are similar to open and closed-end funds in the United States. During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, the business of Legg Mason Investments transitioned from managing assets to distributing company-sponsored offshore funds that are managed by other investment management subsidiaries. As part of this transition, Legg Mason Investments has entered into sub-advisory agreements with other asset management subsidiaries to provide portfolio management services to its clients.

 

Wealth Management

 

Our Wealth Managers provide customized discretionary investment management services and products to high net worth individuals and families, endowments and foundations and institutions. Our Wealth Managers seek to provide portfolio management, client service and other financial services in a disciplined manner that is tailored to meet our clients’ particular needs and objectives. This division includes five asset management subsidiaries, our trust company subsidiary and a joint venture, all of which are described in more detail below.

 

As of March 31, 2004 and 2003, our Wealth Management subsidiaries managed assets with a value of $31.7 billion and $17.0 billion, respectively (excluding assets with a value of $1.1 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively, in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries). These amounts also exclude $3.4 billion and $2.5 billion, respectively, of wealth management assets managed by subsidiaries outside of our Asset Management business segment, principally Legg Mason Wood Walker. Over 75% of the assets managed by our Wealth Managers (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) are managed by Private Capital Management. Similarly, approximately 90% of the growth in assets managed by our Wealth Managers during the fiscal year (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) resulted from growth in assets managed by Private Capital Management, supplemented by an increase in reported assets managed by Bingham Legg as a result of our decision during the fiscal year to include one-half of their managed assets in our reported assets under management. Approximately 52% of the growth in assets managed by the subsidiaries in this division during the fiscal year (excluding assets in proprietary funds managed by these subsidiaries) resulted from positive net client cash flows, and the remainder of the growth resulted from asset appreciation.

 

Private Capital Management, L.P. manages equity assets for high net worth individuals and families, institutions, endowments and foundations in separate accounts and through limited partnerships. Based in Naples, Florida, Private Capital Management’s value-focused investment philosophy is based on an analysis of a company’s free cash flow. In executing this philosophy, Private Capital Management seeks to build a portfolio consisting primarily of securities of mid-cap companies that possess several basic elements, including significant free cash flow, a substantial resource base, and a management team with the ability to correct problems that Private Capital Management believes have been excessively or inappropriately discounted by the public markets.

 

Bartlett & Co. manages balanced, equity and fixed income portfolios for high net worth individual and institutional clients and follows a value investment philosophy. Bartlett operates out of offices in Cincinnati, Ohio and Indianapolis, Indiana. Bartlett’s research and stock selection criteria emphasize a variety of fundamental factors, and they seek to invest in companies that generally possess some combination of the following characteristics: financial strength, potential for growth of earnings and dividends, attractive profitability characteristics, sustainable competitive advantage, and shareholder-oriented management.

 

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Barrett Associates, Inc. (91% owned as of March 31, 2004), including its Seifert Group division, is an equity asset manager for high net worth individuals and family groups, endowments and foundations. Based in New York, New York, Barrett Associates’ focus is to build wealth for its clients through the selection of stocks of high quality companies. Barrett delivers services through separately managed portfolios for individuals and institutions as well as through a proprietary mutual fund, the Barrett Growth Fund.

 

Berkshire Asset Management, Inc. provides equity, balanced, and intermediate duration high quality fixed income asset management services to individuals and institutions through separate accounts and limited partnerships. Based in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, Berkshire seeks to invest in high quality businesses that are selling at prices below Berkshire’s estimate of intrinsic value.

 

Legg Mason Focus Capital, Inc. primarily serves equity investors and features three products: Focus Global Equity, Whole Market Equity and Core Equity Income Plus. Focus Capital believes that the market reflects all available public information, and that active management adds value to an index over time by distinguishing information which is reflected accurately from that which is distorted.

 

Legg Mason Trust, fsb is a federally chartered unitary thrift institution with authority to exercise trust powers. Legg Mason Trust provides services as a trustee for trusts established by our individual and employee benefit plan clients and manages fixed income and equity assets. Through various subsidiaries, Legg Mason provides brokerage and asset management services for a significant portion of the assets held in Legg Mason Trust’s accounts.

 

Bingham Legg Advisers LLC is a joint venture that is equally owned by Legg Mason and Bingham McCutchen LLP, a Boston-based law firm. Because Bingham Legg is a joint venture in which we own 50%, we include 50% of the assets it manages within our assets under management. Bingham Legg focuses on clients with a minimum of $1 million to invest.

 

Each Wealth Management subsidiary retains its own investment style and regional operations, seeking to generate ongoing growth in its core business through direct new business efforts in its market. In addition to these core efforts, we offer a wealth management program, directAdvantage,SM which is a fee based program designed to provide our Private Client Group financial advisors with the ability to deliver the full range of our wealth management investment advisory services to our brokerage clients.

 

Private Client Business Segment

 

Our Private Client business segment distributes a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. This business segment is conducted primarily through Legg Mason Wood Walker.

 

Private Client Securities Business

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, our revenues derived from securities transactions for individual investors (excluding interest on margin accounts) in our Private Client business constituted approximately 62%, 61% and 64%, respectively, of our total revenues from securities transactions and 19%, 21% and 23%, respectively, of our net revenues. While there has been a significant decline in the percentage of our revenues contributed by our Private Client securities business, this percentage has decreased primarily as a result of increases in Asset Management revenues. We charge retail commissions on both exchange and over-the-counter (“OTC”) transactions in accordance with an internal schedule. We grant discounts from the schedule in certain cases. When we execute OTC transactions with an individual client, we allocate commissions to Private Client which are included in Revenues by Source table as Principal Transactions. We also offer account arrangements under which a single fee is charged based on a percentage of the assets held in a customer’s account and no charge is imposed on a transaction-by-transaction basis. This single fee covers all execution and

 

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advisory services, including advisory services provided by our asset management subsidiaries and selected independent advisory firms. In addition, we provide asset allocation and advisor performance and selection consultation services. We have entered into dealer-sales agreements with a number of major distributors that offer mutual fund shares through broker-dealers. In addition, we sell shares of our proprietary mutual funds though our retail sales network. See “Asset Management Business Segment — Mutual Funds.” The total client assets held by our Private Client Group accounts as of March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002 were $85.9 billion, $65.3 billion and $69.6 billion, respectively, including assets invested in proprietary mutual funds and other asset management accounts that are included in our assets under management.

 

One of our strategic goals in our Private Client business has been to emphasize the percentage of Private Client revenues that are fee-based, rather than transaction-based. We believe that fee-based revenues tend to be less volatile, particularly in times of weak equity markets, than transaction-based revenues. In the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, the percentage of Private Client revenues that was fee-based was approximately 44%. In calculating the fee-based percentage of Private Client revenues, we include in fee-based revenues distribution fees from proprietary and non-proprietary mutual funds and asset-based account management fees.

 

Brokerage Offices

 

This table shows, as of March 31, 2004, information with respect to our retail securities brokerage offices.

 

Location


   Number of
Financial
Advisors


   Number of
Offices


United States:

         

Maryland

   310    18

Pennsylvania

   192    19

Virginia

   141    14

North Carolina

   84    11

Florida

   70    14

Louisiana

   69    7

Ohio

   55    8

New Jersey

   49    4

District of Columbia

   42    1

Massachusetts

   41    4

Texas

   38    4

New York

   37    4

Mississippi

   35    4

South Carolina

   34    4

Tennessee

   23    4

Alabama

   22    4

West Virginia

   15    2

Georgia

   15    1

Maine

   14    1

Connecticut

   10    1

Rhode Island

   10    1

Delaware

   3    1

New Hampshire

   2    1
    
  

Total

   1,311    132
    
  

 

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Margin Accounts, Interest Income and Free Credit Balances

 

We effect customers’ securities transactions on either a cash or margin basis. In a cash transaction, the customer pays the price for the securities in cash. In a margin transaction, the customer pays less than the full cost of the securities purchased and borrows the balance of the purchase price from us. The loan is secured by the securities purchased or other securities owned by the customer. The amount of the loan is subject to the margin regulations (Regulation T) of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (“NYSE”) margin requirements and our internal policies. In some instances, our internal policies are more stringent than Regulation T or NYSE requirements. In permitting a customer to purchase securities on margin, we are subject to the risks that a market decline could reduce the value of our collateral below the amount of the customer’s indebtedness and that the customer might be otherwise unable to repay the indebtedness.

 

We charge interest on amounts borrowed by customers (debit balances) to finance their margin transactions. The rate of interest we charge is the prime rate plus or minus an additional amount that varies depending upon the amount of the customer’s average debit balance. Interest revenue derived from these sources constituted approximately 2%, 2% and 4%, of our net revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively. We also earn interest on securities we own and on operating and segregated cash balances.

 

We finance customers’ margin account borrowings primarily through free credit balances (excess funds held by customers in their brokerage accounts). We pay interest on free credit balances in Legg Mason Wood Walker customers’ accounts when the funds will be used for reinvestment at a future date. In fiscal year 2004, we paid interest on approximately 94% of Legg Mason Wood Walker’s retail customer free credit balances.

 

Insurance Brokerage and Financial Planning

 

Substantially all of our financial advisors are licensed to sell insurance. Our subsidiary, Legg Mason Financial Services, Inc., acts as general agent for several life insurance companies and sells fixed and variable annuities and insurance. We also offer, through Legg Mason Wood Walker, financial planning services to individuals. See “Revenues by Source” for information regarding revenues generated by insurance brokerage activities.

 

Other Services

 

At March 31, 2004, Legg Mason Wood Walker served as a non-bank custodian for approximately 370,000 IRAs, 28,000 Simplified Employee Pension Plans and 24,000 Qualified Plans.

 

Registrations and Exchange Memberships

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker is registered as a broker-dealer with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), is a member of the NYSE, the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (“NASD”), the American Stock Exchange, the Securities Investors Protection Corporation (“SIPC”), the National Futures Association and the New York Mercantile Exchange and is registered as a futures commission merchant with the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. In addition, Legg Mason Wood Walker is a member of the Philadelphia, Boston and Chicago stock exchanges.

 

Capital Markets Business Segment

 

Our Capital Markets business segment is conducted primarily through Legg Mason Wood Walker, however, it includes the operations of another subsidiary, Howard Weil Incorporated. This segment consists of our:

 

  equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading;

 

  investment banking;

 

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  syndicate;

 

  structured products; and

 

  research.

 

Institutional Sales

 

In our institutional sales business, we execute equity and fixed income securities transactions for institutional investors such as banks, mutual funds, insurance companies and pension and profit-sharing plans. These investors typically purchase and sell securities in large quantities that require special marketing and trading expertise. We believe that we receive a significant portion of our institutional brokerage commissions as a consequence of providing research opinions and services regarding specific corporations and industries and other matters affecting the securities markets. See “Research.”

 

We execute transactions for institutional investors as a broker or as a principal. We generally offer discounts from our commission schedule to our institutional customers. The size of these discounts varies with the size of particular transactions and other factors. For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the revenues we derived from securities transactions for institutional investors in our Capital Markets business constituted approximately 35%, 36% and 34%, respectively, of our total revenues from securities transactions and 11%, 13% and 12%, respectively, of our net revenues.

 

Trading

 

We are a market maker in certain equity securities that are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market. As of March 31, 2004, we made markets in equity securities of approximately 375 corporations, including corporations for which we have acted as a managing or co-managing underwriter of securities offerings. We also are an active market maker and distributor of municipal bonds, particularly bonds issued by municipalities located in the Mid-Atlantic and Southern regions.

 

Our trading activities are also conducted with other dealers, and with institutional and individual customers of our branch office system. We designate an amount from trading activities representing a commission to the Private Client business segment when the transaction involves a retail client. In trading equity and debt securities, we maintain positions in the securities to service our customers and accordingly expose our capital to the risk of fluctuations in market value. We realize profits and losses from market fluctuations in these securities, although we generally seek to avoid substantial market risk, and may engage in hedging transactions to reduce risk. Trading profits (or losses) depend upon the skills of the employees engaged in trading activities, the amount of capital allocated to positions in securities, the interest rate environment and the general level of activity and trend of prices in the securities markets.

 

Among our traders, 56 are involved in trading corporate equity and debt securities, 19 are involved in trading municipal securities, six are involved in trading mortgage-backed securities, and seven are involved in trading government securities.

 

Investment Banking

 

For the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, the revenues we derived from investment banking activities constituted approximately 8%, 7% and 7%, respectively, of our net revenues. At March 31, 2004, we had 109 professionals engaged in investment banking activities, including 78 in corporate finance and 31 in municipal finance. Within our corporate finance investment banking group, our professionals are generally engaged in covering the following industries/practice areas: real estate, life sciences, telecommunications, information technology, financial institutions, education, transportation, strategic advisory and private placements.

 

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Our investment banking activities include public offerings and private placements of debt and equity securities and the provision of financial advisory services principally in connection with debt and equity private placements and with respect to merger and acquisition transactions. Within our corporate investment banking business, the Structured Finance Group provides investment banking services to arrange and finance net lease financing transactions, other lease financings and other securitizations or similar financing transactions. Our investment banking clients include private and public companies, municipalities and other non-profit organizations.

 

We participate as an underwriter in public offerings of corporate debt and equity issues and municipal securities. We also manage or co-manage some of these offerings.

 

The following tables show for each of the last three fiscal years (i) the total number and dollar amount of corporate stock and bond and municipal bond offerings we managed or co-managed, and (ii) the total number and dollar amount of our underwriting participations in both those offerings and offerings managed by others.

 

Fiscal Year Ended March 31,


   Managed or Co-Managed Offerings

   Number of Issues

   Amount of Offerings

   Corporate

   Municipal

   Corporate

   Municipal

2002

   67    296    $ 13,855,984,000    $ 10,121,141,000

2003

   81    297      23,299,850,000      11,111,485,000

2004

   112    325      47,778,472,000      6,476,916,000

Fiscal Year Ended March 31,


   Underwriting Participations

   Number of Issues

   Amount of Participation

   Corporate

   Municipal

   Corporate

   Municipal

2002

   215    314    $ 2,271,910,000    $ 1,658,996,000

2003

   210    311      3,208,279,000      3,121,886,000

2004

   201    383      3,228,090,000      3,320,378,000

 

Underwriting involves both economic and litigation risks. An underwriter may incur losses if it is unable to resell the securities it is committed to purchase, or if it is forced to liquidate its commitments at less than the agreed purchase price. In addition, an underwriter is subject to substantial potential liability for material misstatements or omissions in prospectuses and other communications with respect to underwritten offerings. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings.” Furthermore, because underwriting commitments require a charge against net capital, we could find it necessary to limit our underwriting participations to remain in compliance with regulatory net capital requirements. See “Net Capital Requirements.”

 

Syndicate

 

Our corporate syndicate departments perform underwriting and marketing for initial public offerings of debt and equity (common and preferred), public offerings of companies whose securities are already traded and public offerings of closed-end funds.

 

Structured Products

 

We include two distinct businesses under this group within our Capital Markets segment. Legg Mason Real Estate Investors is in the business of sponsoring and managing funds that make and invest in real estate loans and other real estate backed securities. LMRES engages in the discretionary and non-discretionary management of commercial real estate-related assets primarily for institutional clients. In addition, our merchant banking operation, which had been included within our Capital Markets businesses, was sold in December 2003.

 

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Research

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker employs 51 equity analysts who develop investment recommendations and market information with respect to companies and industries. Legg Mason Wood Walker’s research has focused on the identification of securities of financially sound, well-managed companies that appear to be undervalued in relation to their long-term earning power or the value of their underlying assets. Our equity research also focuses on companies in certain business sectors, including:

 

  real estate investment trust;

 

  industrial;

 

  biotechnology;

 

  consumer services;

 

  financial services, including commercial banking;

 

  technology; and

 

  telecommunications.

 

These research services are supplemented by research services purchased from outside firms.

 

Our clients do not pay for research services directly; however, we believe that our research activities are important in attracting and retaining brokerage clients.

 

Corporate Segment

 

Our Corporate segment consists primarily of unallocated corporate revenues and expenses. We previously included these revenues and expenses in our Other segment that consisted primarily of the results of the mortgage banking and servicing operations of LMRES, which was sold on September 30, 2003. The real estate asset management business of LMRES, which we retained, is now included in our Capital Markets business segment.

 

Securities Brokerage Operations

 

Our securities brokerage operations personnel are responsible for the processing of securities transactions; receipt, identification and delivery of funds and securities; internal financial controls; office services; custody of customers’ securities; and the handling of margin accounts. At March 31, 2004, we had approximately 260 full-time employees performing these functions.

 

There is considerable fluctuation during any year and from year to year in the volume of transactions we must process. We record transactions and post our books on a daily basis. Our operations personnel monitor day-to-day operations to determine compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Any failure to keep current and accurate books and records can subject Legg Mason Wood Walker to disciplinary action by governmental and self-regulatory authorities, as well as to claims by its clients.

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker executes and clears securities transactions as a member of the NYSE and various regional exchanges, and is a participant in both The Depository Trust Company and National Securities Clearing Corporation. Legg Mason Wood Walker also provides clearing services to affiliated and unaffiliated broker-dealers.

 

We believe that our internal controls and safeguards are adequate, although fraud and misconduct by customers and employees and the possibility of theft of securities are risks inherent in the financial services

 

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industry. As required by the NYSE and certain other authorities, we carry a fidelity bond covering loss, theft, embezzlement or misplacement of securities and forgery of checks and drafts.

 

Employees

 

At March 31, 2004, we had approximately 5,250 employees. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining agreement. We consider our relations with our employees to be satisfactory. However, competition for experienced financial services personnel, especially financial advisors and investment management professionals, is intense and from time to time we may experience a loss of valuable personnel.

 

We recognize the importance to our Asset Management and Capital Markets businesses of hiring and retaining skilled professionals and to our Private Client business of hiring and training financial advisors. We train new financial advisors who are required to take examinations recognized by the NYSE, the NASD and various states in order to be registered and qualified, and maintain ongoing training for financial advisors.

 

Competition

 

We are engaged in an extremely competitive business. Our competition includes, with respect to one or more aspects of our business, numerous national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers, and commercial banks and thrift institutions. Many of these organizations have substantially more personnel and greater financial resources than we have. Discount brokerage firms oriented to the individual investor market, including firms affiliated with banks and mutual fund organizations and on-line brokerage firms, have devoted substantial funds to advertising and direct solicitation of customers in order to increase their share of commission dollars and other securities-related income. In many instances, we are competing directly with these organizations. We also compete for investment funds with banks, insurance companies and investment companies. The principal competitive factors relating to our business are the quality of advice and services provided to investors, the reputation of the company providing the services, and the price of the services.

 

Competition in our business periodically has been affected by significant developments in the financial services industry. See “Factors Affecting the Company and the Financial Services Industry — Industry Changes and Competitive Factors.”

 

Regulation

 

The financial services industry in the United States is subject to extensive regulation under both Federal and state laws. The SEC is the Federal agency charged with administration of the Federal securities laws. Financial services firms are also subject to regulation by securities exchanges, other self-regulatory authorities and state securities commissions in those states in which they conduct business. In addition, financial services firms are subject to regulation by various foreign governments, securities exchanges, central banks and regulatory bodies, particularly in those countries where they have established offices.

 

Our asset managers and proprietary mutual funds are subject to extensive regulation. Our U.S. asset managers are registered as investment advisors with the SEC and are also required to make notice filings in certain states. Virtually all aspects of the asset management business are subject to various federal and state laws and regulations. These laws and regulations are primarily intended to benefit the asset management clients and generally grant supervisory agencies and bodies broad administrative powers, including the power to limit or restrict an investment advisor from conducting its asset management business in the event that it fails to comply with such laws and regulations. Possible sanctions that may be imposed include the suspension of individual employees, limitations on the asset managers engaging in the asset management business for specified periods of time, the revocation of registrations, censures and fines. A regulatory proceeding, regardless of whether it results in a sanction, can require substantial expenditures and can have an adverse effect on the reputation of an asset manager.

 

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During the last year, abuses by certain participants in the mutual fund industry, including activities relating to market timing, late trading and selective disclosure of portfolio holdings, prompted legislative and regulatory scrutiny of a wide range of fund-related activities. This scrutiny resulted in the adoption of new rules and a number of legislative and regulatory proposals relating to fund practices. In this regard, the SEC proposed rules designed to strengthen existing prohibitions relating to late trading and adopted rules to enhance required disclosure of market timing and pricing policies. The SEC also adopted and proposed additional rules requiring corporate governance changes including the adoption of compliance policies and the requirement that funds and investment advisors designate a chief compliance officer. It is expected that these actions and any additional legislative and regulatory actions taken to address abuses will affect the manner in which funds and their service providers conduct business and could increase fund expenses, or lower management fees, and therefore adversely affect the revenues or profitability of mutual fund businesses.

 

Broker-dealers are subject to regulations that cover all aspects of the securities business, including:

 

  sales methods;

 

  trading practices among broker-dealers;

 

  uses and safekeeping of customers’ funds and securities;

 

  capital structure and financial soundness of securities firms;

 

  recordkeeping; and

 

  the conduct of directors, officers and employees.

 

Additional legislation, changes in rules promulgated by the SEC and self-regulatory authorities, or changes in the interpretation or enforcement of existing laws and rules, may directly affect the mode of operation and profitability of broker-dealers. Much of the regulation of broker-dealers has been delegated to self-regulatory authorities, principally the NASD and the securities exchanges. These self-regulatory organizations conduct periodic examinations of member broker-dealers in accordance with rules they have adopted and amended from time to time, subject to approval by the SEC. The SEC, self-regulatory authorities and state securities commissions may conduct administrative proceedings that can result in censure, fine, suspension or expulsion of a broker-dealer, its officers or employees. These administrative proceedings, whether or not resulting in adverse findings, can require substantial expenditures and can have an adverse impact on the reputation of a broker-dealer. The principal purpose of regulation and discipline of broker-dealers is the protection of customers and the securities markets, rather than protection of creditors and stockholders of the regulated entity.

 

Our broker-dealer subsidiaries are required by Federal law to belong to the SIPC. When the SIPC fund falls below a certain amount, members are required to pay annual assessments of up to 1% of adjusted gross revenues, as defined. As a result of adequate fund levels, each of our broker-dealer subsidiaries was required to pay only the minimum annual assessment of $150 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004. The SIPC fund provides protection for securities held in customer accounts up to $500,000 per customer, with a limitation of $100,000 on claims for cash balances. We also purchase, from a captive insurance company that we joined with other major U.S. securities brokerage firms to create in December 2003, a bond that provides additional protection for securities held in customer accounts of the net equity in the account in excess of $500,000.

 

Net Capital Requirements

 

Every registered broker-dealer is subject to the Uniform Net Capital Rule (“Rule 15c3-1”) promulgated by the SEC. Rule 15c3-1, which is designed to measure the financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers, specifies minimum net capital requirements. Since Legg Mason, Inc. is not itself a registered broker-dealer, it is not directly subject to Rule 15c3-1. However, our broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to Rule 15c3-1, and a provision of Rule 15c3-1 requires that a broker-dealer notify the SEC prior to the withdrawal of equity capital by a parent company if the withdrawal would exceed the greater of $500,000 or 30% of the broker-dealer’s excess net capital.

 

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Rule 15c3-1 provides that a broker-dealer doing business with the public shall not permit its aggregate indebtedness to exceed 15 times its net capital or, alternatively, that it not permit its net capital to be less than 2% of its aggregate debit items (primarily receivables from customers and broker-dealers) computed in accordance with Rule 15c3-3. As of March 31, 2004, our broker-dealer subsidiaries had aggregate net capital of $408.6 million, which exceeded the minimum net capital requirements by $383.3 million.

 

Under NYSE Rule 326, Legg Mason Wood Walker, as a member organization that carries customer accounts, would be required to reduce its business activities if its net capital, as defined, was less than 4% of aggregate debit items, as defined, and would be precluded from expanding its business if its net capital was less than 5% of aggregate debit items. As of March 31, 2004, Legg Mason Wood Walker’s net capital was 33.6% of its aggregate debit items.

 

Compliance with applicable net capital rules could limit the operations of our broker-dealer subsidiaries, particularly operations such as underwriting and trading activities that require use of significant amounts of capital. A significant operating loss or an extraordinary charge against net capital could adversely affect the ability of our broker-dealers to expand or even maintain their present levels of business. See Note 17 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report.

 

Factors Affecting the Company and the Financial Services Industry

 

The financial services industry is characterized by frequent changes, the effects of which have been, and will continue to be, difficult to predict. In addition to an evolving regulatory environment, the industry has been subject to radical changes in pricing structure, alternating periods of contraction and expansion and intense competition from within and outside the industry.

 

Importance of Investment Performance

 

We believe that investment performance is one of the most important factors for the growth of assets under management for a company in the asset management business. Poor investment performance could impair our revenues and growth because:

 

  existing clients might withdraw funds in favor of better performing products, which would result in lower investment advisory fees; or

 

  our ability to attract funds from existing and new clients might diminish.

 

If our revenues decline without a commensurate reduction in our expenses, our net income will be reduced, and, if our revenues decline at an asset management subsidiary with a revenue sharing agreement, our net income from that subsidiary will be reduced.

 

One key component of investment performance is the availability of suitable investment opportunities for new assets. If an asset management firm is not able to invest new assets in a timely manner, the firm’s investment performance could be adversely affected. Alternatively, an asset management firm that does not have sufficient investment opportunities for new assets may elect to limit its growth, and reduce the rate at which it receives new assets, in order to protect its investment performance. Depending on, among other factors, prevailing market conditions and the market sectors and types of opportunities in which an asset management firm typically invests (such as less capitalized companies in which relatively smaller investments are typically made), the risks of not having sufficient investment opportunities may increase when an asset management firm increases its assets under management very quickly. A number of our asset management subsidiaries, including Royce & Associates and Private Capital Management, have had large increases in their assets under management over the last two years, and Royce & Associates has closed three of the Royce Funds to new investors. Royce & Associates primarily invests in small-cap and micro-cap companies. Private Capital Management is an all-cap manager that primarily focuses on companies with market capitalizations between $500 million and $20 billion. If our asset management subsidiaries are not able to identify sufficient investment opportunities for new assets, their investment performance or ability to continue to grow may be reduced.

 

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Assets Under Management May Be Withdrawn

 

Investment advisory and administrative contracts are generally terminable at will or upon relatively short notice, and mutual fund investors may redeem their investments in the funds at any time without prior notice. Institutional and individual clients can terminate their relationships with an asset manager, reduce the aggregate amount of assets under management, or shift their funds to other types of accounts with different rate structures for any number of reasons, including investment performance, changes in prevailing interest rates, changes in investment preferences of clients, changes in the manager’s reputation in the marketplace, changes in management or control of clients or third party distributors with whom the manager has relationships, loss of key investment management personnel and financial market performance. In a declining stock market, the pace of mutual fund redemptions and withdrawal of assets from other accounts could accelerate. Poor performance relative to other investment management firms tends to result in decreased purchases of fund shares, increased redemptions of fund shares, and the loss of institutional or individual accounts. The decrease in revenues that could result from any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Fluctuating Securities Volume and Prices

 

There are substantial fluctuations in volume and price levels of securities transactions in the financial services industry. These fluctuations can occur on a daily basis and over longer periods as a result of national and international economic and political events, broad trends in business and finance, and interest rate movements. Reduced volume and prices generally result in lower brokerage and investment banking revenues, trading losses as both principal and underwriter, and loss or reduction in incentive and performance fees. Periods of reduced volume will adversely affect profitability because fixed costs remain relatively unchanged. To the extent that purchases of securities are permitted to be made on margin, securities firms also are subject to risks inherent in extending credit. These risks are particularly high during periods of rapidly declining markets because a market decline could reduce collateral value below the amount of a customer’s indebtedness. The business cycles of our different operations and subsidiaries may occur contemporaneously. Consequently, the effect of an economic downturn may have a magnified negative effect on our business. In a period of reduced margin usage by clients, our interest profit may be adversely affected. In the past, heavy trading volume has caused clearance and processing problems for securities firms, and this could occur in the future. In addition, securities firms face risk of loss from errors that can occur in the execution and settlement process. See “Securities Brokerage Operations.”

 

A large portion of our revenues is derived from investment advisory contracts with clients. Under these contracts, the investment advisory fees we receive are typically based on the market value of assets under management. Accordingly, a decline in the prices of securities generally may cause our revenues and income to decline by:

 

  causing the value of our assets under management to decrease, which would result in lower investment advisory and distribution fees;

 

  causing our clients to withdraw funds in favor of investments they perceive offer greater opportunity or lower risk, which would also result in lower investment advisory fees; or

 

  decreasing the performance fees earned by our asset management subsidiaries.

 

If our revenues decline without a commensurate reduction in our expenses, our net income will be reduced, and if our revenues decline at an asset management subsidiary with a revenue sharing agreement, our net income from that subsidiary will be reduced.

 

Industry Changes and Competitive Factors

 

The financial services businesses in which we are engaged are extremely competitive. Competition includes numerous national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers, and commercial bank and

 

19


thrift institutions. Many of these organizations have substantially more personnel and greater financial resources than we do. Discount brokerage firms oriented to the individual investor market, including firms affiliated with banks and mutual fund organizations and on-line brokerage firms, have devoted substantial funds to advertising and direct solicitation of customers in order to increase their share of commission dollars and other securities-related income. We also compete for investment funds with banks, insurance companies and investment companies.

 

The financial services industry has had considerable consolidation as numerous financial services firms have either been acquired by other financial services firms or ceased operations. In many cases, this has resulted in firms with greater financial resources than ours. In addition, a number of heavily capitalized companies that were not previously engaged in the financial services business have made investments in and acquired financial services firms. Increasing competitive pressures in the financial services industry require firms of our size to offer to their customers many of the services that are provided by much larger firms that have substantially greater resources than we do. A sizable number of new asset management firms and mutual funds have been established in the last ten years, increasing competition in that area of our activities. In addition, access to mutual funds distribution channels has become increasingly competitive. To the extent that we are forced to compete on the basis of price in any of our businesses, we may not be able to maintain our current fee structure in that business, which could adversely affect our revenues and earnings.

 

An increasing number of firms that offer discount brokerage services to individual investors have been established in recent years. Included in these firms are on-line brokerage firms and affiliates of banks and mutual fund organizations. These firms generally effect transactions at substantially lower commission rates on an “execution only” basis, including through the Internet, without offering other services, like investment and financial advice and research, that are provided by “full-service” brokerage firms such as us. Some of these discount brokerage firms have increased the range of services that they offer. Increases in the number of discount brokerage firms or services provided by these firms may adversely affect us.

 

In addition, some full-service brokerage firms provide customers discount services, including on-line trading over the Internet. Our Private Client business may be adversely affected by the demand for and availability of on-line securities trading.

 

Certain institutions, notably commercial banks and thrift institutions, have become a competitive factor in the financial services industry by offering investment banking and corporate and individual financial services traditionally provided only by securities firms. Commercial banks, generally, are expanding their securities activities and their activities relating to the provision of financial services, and are deriving more revenue from these activities, particularly since the November 1999 adoption of legislation that allows commercial banks, securities firms and insurance firms to affiliate. This trend and the legislation may lead to additional consolidation and increasing competition in markets traditionally dominated by investment banks and brokerage firms. Continued expansion of the type and extent of competitive services that banks and other institutions offer or further repeal or modification of administrative or legislative barriers may adversely affect firms such as us that are heavily oriented to individual investors.

 

In the investment banking business, competitors have increasingly been utilizing their capital in order to secure business from potential clients. For example, competitors will make loans to potential clients or agree to make principal investments in investment banking transactions or in situations that are expected to lead to investment banking transactions. Our ability to maintain and grow our investment banking business could be harmed by this trend. If we utilize our capital to compete for investment banking business, we will be subject to typical investment risks, including that we fail to receive any return from the investment or that we lose all or a portion of the capital invested.

 

20


Ability to Maintain Fee Levels

 

Our profit margins and earnings are dependent in part on our ability to maintain current fee levels for the products and services that our subsidiaries offer. Competition within the financial services industry could lead to our subsidiaries reducing the fees that they charge their clients for products and services. See “Competition.” In addition, our subsidiaries may be required to reduce their fee levels, or restructure the fees they charge, as a result of regulatory initiatives or proceedings that are either industry-wide, or specifically targeted. For example, several firms in the mutual fund business have agreed to reduce the management fees that they charge registered mutual funds as part of regulatory settlements. A reduction or other change in the fees that our subsidiaries charge for their products and services could reduce our revenues and earnings. See “Regulation.”

 

In the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, we received $190.1 million and $137.0 million, respectively, in revenues from asset-based investment fund distribution and service fees. A substantial majority of these revenues were distribution fees paid to Legg Mason Wood Walker by the Legg Mason Funds in accordance with Rule 12b-1 promulgated under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (“Rule 12b-1”). We believe that these distribution fees are a critical element in the distribution of the Legg Mason Funds. There have recently been suggestions from regulatory agencies and other industry participants that Rule 12b-1 distribution fees in the mutual fund industry should be reconsidered and, potentially, reduced or eliminated. We believe that distribution related fees paid to financial advisors will remain a key element in the mutual fund industry. However an industry-wide reduction or restructuring of Rule 12b-1 distribution fees could have a material adverse effect on our ability to distribute Legg Mason sponsored mutual funds and on our revenues and earnings.

 

Acquisitions

 

As part of our business strategy, we review possible acquisitions in the ordinary course and regularly engage in discussions with respect to potential acquisitions, some of which may be material. Acquisitions involve a number of risks and present financial, managerial and operational challenges, including:

 

  adverse effects on our reported earnings per share in the event acquired intangible assets or goodwill become impaired;

 

  existence of unknown liabilities; and

 

  potential disputes with the sellers.

 

An acquisition increases the risk that any business may lose customers or employees, including key employees of the acquired business. An acquired business could underperform relative to our expectations and we may not realize the value we expect from the acquisition. Adverse market conditions or poor investment or other performance by an acquired company may adversely affect revenue and, in the case of an asset manager, its assets under management and performance fees. We could also experience financial or other setbacks if an acquired company has problems of which we are not aware. Future acquisitions may further increase our leverage or, if we issue equity securities to pay for the acquisitions, dilute the holdings of our existing stockholders.

 

Regulatory Matters/Conflicts of Interest

 

Our business is subject to regulation by various regulatory authorities that are charged with protecting the interests of broker-dealers’ and investment advisors’ customers. See “Regulation.” Our business and results of operations can be adversely affected by Federal, state and foreign regulatory issues and proceedings, including the effects of the performance and potential regulatory issues in the investment trust business in the United Kingdom.

 

Regulatory investigations into mutual fund trading practices within the financial services industry have uncovered instances of conflicts of interest and insufficient internal controls related to mutual funds and have

 

21


resulted in a negative public perception of the mutual fund industry, numerous regulatory rule proposals, a strict regulatory environment and significant fines and penalties against, and fee reductions by, a number of financial services companies. Like numerous other firms, starting in September 2003, we received a subpoena from the office of the New York Attorney General (“NY AG”) and inquiries from the SEC relating to their investigations of sales practices, late trading, market timing and selective disclosure of portfolio holdings in connection with mutual funds. We have responded to the NY AG subpoena and the SEC inquiries and are cooperating with two separate SEC investigations. We are not currently able to determine whether any regulators will initiate enforcement actions as a result of their investigations, or to predict what effect, if any, the mutual fund investigations will have on our business, results of operations or assets under management.

 

Our reputation is one of our most important assets. As we have expanded the scope of our businesses and our client base, we increasingly have to address conflicts of interest. We have procedures and controls that are designed to address these issues. However, appropriately dealing with conflicts of interest is complex and difficult and if we fail, or appear to fail, to deal appropriately with conflicts of interest, we could face reputational damage, litigation or regulatory proceedings or penalties, any of which may adversely affect our revenues or earnings.

 

Financial scandals have led to insecurity and uncertainty in the financial markets. In response to these scandals, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 effected significant changes to corporate governance, accounting requirements and corporate reporting. This law generally applies to all companies, including us, with equity or debt securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We have taken numerous actions, and incurred substantial expenses, over the last year and a half to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, related regulations promulgated by the SEC and other corporate governance requirements of the NYSE.

 

Effect of Net Capital Requirements

 

The SEC and the NYSE have stringent rules with respect to the net capital requirements of securities firms. A significant operating loss or extraordinary charge against net capital may adversely affect the ability of our broker-dealer subsidiaries to expand or even maintain their present levels of business. See “Net Capital Requirements.”

 

Litigation/Insurance Availability

 

Many aspects of our business involve substantial risks of liability. In the normal course of business, our subsidiaries have been named as defendants or co-defendants in lawsuits seeking substantial damages. We are also involved from time to time in governmental and self-regulatory agency investigations and proceedings. There has been an increased incidence of litigation and regulatory investigations in the financial services industry in recent years, including customer claims as well as class action suits seeking substantial damages. See “Item 3. Legal Proceedings.”

 

Our businesses entail the inherent risk of liability related to litigation from clients or third party vendors and actions taken by regulatory agencies. To help protect against these potential liabilities, we purchase insurance in amounts, and against risks, that we consider appropriate. There can be no assurance, however, that a claim or claims will be covered by insurance or, if covered, will not exceed the limits of available insurance coverage, that any insurer will remain solvent and will meet its obligations to provide us with coverage or that insurance coverage will continue to be available with sufficient limits at a reasonable cost. Over the last several years, insurance expenses have increased and we expect further increases to be significant going forward. In addition, certain insurance coverage may not be available or may only be available at prohibitive costs. Renewals of insurance policies may expose Legg Mason to additional costs through higher premiums or the assumption of higher deductibles or co-insurance liability.

 

22


Importance of Key Personnel

 

We are dependent on the continued services of our management team, including our Chief Executive Officer, and a number of our key asset management and securities personnel. The loss of any of such personnel without adequate replacement could have a material adverse effect on us. Moreover, since certain of our asset management subsidiaries contribute significantly to our revenues and earnings, the loss of even a small number of key personnel at these subsidiaries could have a disproportionate impact on our business. Additionally, we need qualified managers and skilled employees with financial services experience in order to operate our business successfully. The market for experienced asset management and securities professionals is extremely competitive and is increasingly characterized by the frequent movement of employees among different firms. In addition, since many of the individual employees at our asset management and securities subsidiaries often maintain a strong, personal relationship with their clients that is based on the clients’ trust in the employee, the departure of one or more of these employees could cause the subsidiary to lose client accounts, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. If we are unable to attract and retain qualified individuals or our costs to do so increase significantly, our operations and financial results would be materially adversely affected.

 

Operational Risks

 

There is considerable fluctuation during any year and from year-to-year in the volume of transactions we must process. We record transactions and post our books on a daily basis. Operations personnel monitor day-to-day operations to determine compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations. Any failure to keep current and accurate books and records can render us liable to disciplinary action by governmental and self-regulatory authorities, as well as to claims by our clients. If any of our financial, accounting or other data processing systems do not operate properly or are disabled or if there are other shortcomings or failures in our internal processes, people or systems, we could suffer an impairment to our liquidity, a financial loss, a disruption of our businesses, liability to clients, regulatory problems or damage to our reputation. These systems may fail to operate properly or become disabled as a result of events that are wholly or partially beyond our control, including a disruption of electrical or communications services or our inability to occupy one or more of our buildings.

 

Our operations rely on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information in our computer systems and networks. Although we take protective measures and endeavor to modify them as circumstances warrant, our computer systems, software and networks may be vulnerable to unauthorized access, computer viruses or other malicious code, and other events that have a security impact. If one or more of such events occur, it potentially could jeopardize our or our clients’ or counterparties’ confidential and other information processed and stored in, and transmitted through, our computer systems and networks, or otherwise cause interruptions or malfunctions in our, our clients’, our counterparties’ or third parties’ operations. We may be required to spend significant additional resources to modify our protective measures or to investigate and remediate vulnerabilities or other exposures, and we may be subject to litigation and financial losses that are either not insured against fully or not fully covered through any insurance that we maintain.

 

We depend on our headquarters and operations center for the continued operation of our business. A disaster or a disruption in the infrastructure that supports our businesses, including a disruption involving electrical communications, transportation or other services used by us or third parties with whom we conduct business, directly affecting our headquarters or operations center may have a material adverse impact on our ability to continue to operate our business without interruption. Although we have disaster recovery programs in place, there can be no assurance that these will be sufficient to mitigate the harm that may result from such a disaster or disruption. In addition, insurance and other safeguards might only partially reimburse us for our losses.

 

International Operations

 

A number of our subsidiaries operate in Canada and the United Kingdom on behalf of international clients. We also have offices in Spain, Singapore and Switzerland. Our international operations require us to comply with

 

23


the legal requirements of foreign jurisdictions and expose us to the political consequences of operating in foreign jurisdictions. Our foreign business operations are also subject to the following risks:

 

  difficulty in managing, operating and marketing our international operations;

 

  fluctuations in currency exchange rates which may result in substantial negative effects on assets under management; and

 

  significant adverse changes in foreign legal and regulatory environments.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES.

 

We lease all of our office space. Our headquarters, Baltimore sales office and certain other functions are located in an office building in which we are the major tenant. In that building, we currently occupy approximately 377,000 square feet with annual base rent of approximately $7.8 million. The initial term of the lease will expire in September 2009, with two renewal options of eight years each.

 

Our brokerage operations and technology functions are housed in a separate office building in which we are the sole tenant, currently occupying approximately 120,000 square feet with annual base rent of approximately $2.0 million. The initial term of the lease will expire in April 2011, and it contains two renewal options of five years each.

 

Western Asset Management is housed in an office building in Pasadena, California in which Western Asset Management occupies approximately 130,000 square feet. Under the lease, the first year base rent is $2.9 million and base rent increases annually to approximately $5.4 million in the last year of the term, the square footage increases in 2006 to approximately 173,000 square feet, and the term of the lease expires in April 2014, with two renewal options of five years each.

 

Information concerning the location of our retail sales offices is contained in Item 1 of this Report. See Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report for a discussion of our lease obligations.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

 

Our subsidiaries are the subject of customer complaints, have been named as defendants or codefendants in various lawsuits alleging substantial damages and have been involved in certain governmental and self-regulatory agency investigations and proceedings. These proceedings arise primarily from securities brokerage, asset management and investment banking activities. Some of these proceedings relate to public offerings of securities in which one or more of our subsidiaries participated as a member of the underwriting syndicate. We are also aware of litigation against certain underwriters of offerings in which one or more of our subsidiaries was a participant, but where the subsidiary is not now a defendant. In these latter cases, it is possible that a subsidiary may be called upon to contribute to settlements or judgments. While the ultimate resolution of pending litigation and other matters cannot be currently determined, in the opinion of our management, after consultation with legal counsel, we have no reason to believe that the resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition. However, our results of operations could be materially affected during any period if liabilities in that period differ from our prior estimates. On October 3, 2003, a federal district court jury rendered an approximately $20.0 million verdict against us in a civil copyright lawsuit, which was confirmed in a subsequent judgment in the case. As a result of the verdict, we recorded a $17.5 million pre-tax charge in the quarter ended September 30, 2003. We have filed an appeal of the judgment, and this appeal is pending. See Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this Report.

 

During the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004, Legg Mason Wood Walker entered into a settlement with the SEC and NASD resulting from its failure to provide certain clients the benefits of breakpoint discounts in connection with purchases of non-proprietary mutual fund front-end load shares. Under the

 

24


settlement, Legg Mason Wood Walker consented to findings that it violated Section 17(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, Rule 10b-10 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and NASD Conduct Rule 2110. Legg Mason Wood Walker also agreed to remedial measures that include a censure, a cease and desist order, fines totaling approximately $2.3 million and a requirement that Legg Mason Wood Walker: (a) conduct a comprehensive review of purchases of non-proprietary mutual fund front-end load shares since January 1, 2001 to determine whether clients were provided applicable breakpoint discounts; (b) reimburse any clients who did not receive applicable breakpoint discounts; (c) report to the NASD on its refund program; and (d) provide certifications to the SEC and NASD that Legg Mason Wood Walker has implemented procedures designed to prevent and detect failures to provide applicable breakpoint discounts. Legg Mason Wood Walker has elected to conduct a comprehensive review of purchases for a longer period than that required by the settlement, and we estimate that the total reimbursements owed to clients will be approximately $9.0 million; however, we expect to recover approximately $800,000 from mutual fund companies. These amounts are in addition to the fines discussed above.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS.

 

None.

 

ITEM 4A. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE COMPANY.

 

Information (not included in our definitive proxy statement for the 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders) regarding certain of our executive officers is as follows:

 

Peter L. Bain, age 45, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2001, and currently has primary responsibility for our administrative functions. Mr. Bain was head of our wealth management investment advisory group from June 2000 through July 2003. From 1995 to 2000, Mr. Bain was a Managing Director of Berkshire Capital Corporation, a privately held investment bank, and from 1997 to 2000 he was a member of the Management Committee of that company.

 

F. Barry Bilson, age 51, was elected Senior Vice President of Legg Mason in October 1998. Mr. Bilson was Vice President-Finance of Legg Mason from June 1984 through October 1998. Mr. Bilson has served in various financial management capacities since joining us in 1981, and presently has responsibility for business development projects. Mr. Bilson is a certified public accountant.

 

Deepak Chowdhury, age 45, was elected Senior Vice President of Legg Mason in October 2003 and of Legg Mason Wood Walker in August 2003. Mr. Chowdhury has served in a number of capacities in our asset management business since joining us in 1997, and is presently the Chief Executive Officer of Legg Mason Investments and responsible for the Wealth Management division of our asset management business.

 

Charles J. Daley, Jr., age 42, was elected Senior Vice President, Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer of Legg Mason in January 2002 and Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Legg Mason Wood Walker in December 2001. He had been Vice President of Legg Mason since July 1999 and of Legg Mason Wood Walker since 1997. From 1988 through September 1997, he served as Assistant Controller of Legg Mason and of Legg Mason Wood Walker. Mr. Daley serves as Legg Mason’s Principal Financial Officer and is a certified public accountant.

 

Mark R. Fetting, age 49, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2001. From June 2000 until July 2001, he served as a Senior Advisor to Legg Mason. From 1991 to 2000, Mr. Fetting was Division President and Senior Officer of Prudential Financial Group, Inc., a financial services company. Mr. Fetting functions as President of our Asset Management business segment, and has primary responsibility for our asset management business. Mr. Fetting is a director of 22 funds within the Legg Mason mutual funds complex, Batterymarch U.S. Small Capitalization Equity Portfolio and 21 funds within the Royce & Associates mutual funds complex.

 

25


Thomas P. Mulroy, age 43, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2002 and an Executive Vice President of Legg Mason Wood Walker in November 2000. He became a Senior Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2000 and Legg Mason Wood Walker in August 1998. From 1986 through 1998, Mr. Mulroy held various positions in Legg Mason Wood Walker’s equity capital markets operations. Mr. Mulroy has responsibility for Legg Mason Wood Walker’s equity institutional sales, trading and research.

 

Robert G. Sabelhaus, age 56, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2001 and Executive Vice President of Legg Mason Wood Walker in August 1993. Mr. Sabelhaus is an executive officer in the private client brokerage division of Legg Mason Wood Walker.

 

Timothy C. Scheve, age 46, was elected Senior Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2000, President of Legg Mason Wood Walker in August 2003 and Chief Executive Officer of Legg Mason Wood Walker in February 2004. He had been Executive Vice President of Legg Mason and of Legg Mason Wood Walker since January 1998. Mr. Scheve has served in various financial and administrative capacities since joining us in 1984, and presently has primary responsibility for our private client brokerage business.

 

Elisabeth N. Spector, age 56, was elected Senior Vice President of Legg Mason in January, 1994. She has general responsibilities in business strategy.

 

Joseph A. Sullivan, age 46, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2003 and a Senior Vice President of Legg Mason in July 2000 and of Legg Mason Wood Walker in August 1994. Mr. Sullivan manages Legg Mason Wood Walker’s fixed income group and has responsibility for the general oversight of the municipal and taxable fixed income banking, research, institutional sales, trading and underwriting functions of Legg Mason Wood Walker.

 

Edward A. Taber, III, age 60, was elected Executive Vice President of Legg Mason in July 1995. He has overall responsibility for our institutional investment management activities. Mr. Taber is a director of the Western Asset Funds, Inc., a mutual fund consisting of eight portfolios.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS.

 

Shares of Legg Mason, Inc. common stock are listed and traded on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol LM). As of March 31, 2004, there were 2,801 holders of record of Legg Mason’s common stock. Information with respect to our dividends and stock prices is as follows:

 

     Quarter ended

     Mar. 31

   Dec. 31

   Sept. 30

   June 30

Fiscal 2004

                           

Cash dividend per share

   $ 0.15    $ 0.15    $ 0.15    $ 0.11

Stock price range:

                           

High

     94.83      85.00      76.70      66.38

Low

     78.38      73.88      66.75      49.09

Fiscal 2003

                           

Cash dividend per share

   $ 0.11    $ 0.11    $ 0.11    $ 0.10

Stock price range:

                           

High

     52.99      52.73      48.50      56.97

Low

     45.49      38.16      38.40      47.90

 

Equity Compensation Plan Information

 

The following table provides information about our equity compensation plans as of March 31, 2004.

 

     (a)

    (b)

    (c)

 

Plan category


   Number of securities to
be issued upon exercise
of outstanding options,
warrants and rights


    Weighted-average
exercise price of
outstanding options,
warrants and rights


   

Number of securities
remaining available for

future issuance under
equity compensation
plans (excluding
securities reflected in
column (a))


 

Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders

   10,544,833 (1)   41.71 (2)   4,254,537 (3)(4)

Equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders

   1,243,322 (5)   —   (6)   —   (7)
    

 

 

Total

   11,788,155 (1)(5)   41.71 (2)(6)   4,254,537 (3)(4)(7)
    

 

 


(1) Includes 2,190,152 shares of Legg Mason Common Stock (“Common Stock”) that are held in a trust pending distribution of phantom stock units. The phantom stock units, which are converted into shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon distribution, were granted to plan participants upon their deferral of compensation or dividends paid on phantom stock units. When amounts are deferred, participants receive a number of phantom stock units equal to the deferred amount divided by 90% to 95% of the fair market value of a share of Common Stock.
(2) Does not include phantom stock units that will be converted into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon distribution at no additional cost, but were acquired as described in footnote (1).
(3) In addition, an unlimited number of shares of Common Stock may be issued under the Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Deferred Compensation/Phantom Stock Plan upon the distribution of phantom stock units that may be acquired in the future as described in footnote (1).

 

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(4) 1,195,754 of these shares may be issued under our omnibus equity plan as stock options, restricted or unrestricted stock grants or any other form of equity compensation. 451,412 of these shares may be issued under the Legg Mason, Inc. Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors as stock options. 2,607,371 of these shares may be purchased under our employee stock purchase plan, which acquires the shares that are purchased thereunder in the open market.
(5) Includes 1,204,149 shares of Common Stock that are held in a trust pending distribution of phantom stock units. The phantom stock units, which are converted into shares of Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon distribution, were granted to plan participants upon their deferral of compensation or dividends paid on phantom stock units or receipt of the right to receive deferred bonuses. When amounts are deferred, participants receive a number of phantom stock units equal to the deferred amount divided by the fair market value, or 95% of the fair market value, of a share of Common Stock. Also includes 39,173 shares of Common Stock issuable under the Howard Weil Plan (as defined below).
(6) Phantom stock units are converted into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon distribution at no additional cost, but were acquired as described in footnote (5). The Howard Weil Plan provides for the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon the occurrence of certain events at no additional cost to the recipient. However, these rights were acquired upon the recipients’ deferral of compensation or dividends on rights held with a value equal to the market value of the shares acquirable under the plan.
(7) As of March 31, 2004, there was an unlimited number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the phantom stock, deferred compensation and retention plans described below upon distribution of phantom stock units that may be acquired in the future as described in footnote (5). Subsequent to March 31, 2004, we adopted programs under our stockholder-approved omnibus equity plan to replace our active phantom stock and retention plans that have not been approved by our stockholders, and we ceased issuing additional phantom stock units under these plans. As a result, the only shares of Common Stock that will be distributed under these plans in the future are the shares currently held in the trust pending distribution of phantom stock units. Under the Howard Weil Plan, 39,173 shares of Common Stock are currently held in a trust to be issued under the plan. However, dividends on these shares are reinvested in the right to receive additional shares of Common Stock, which are purchased in the market to fulfill this obligation.

 

Our equity compensation plans that have not been approved by our stockholders are:

 

  Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Private Client Group Deferred Compensation Plan;

 

  Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Financial Advisor Retention Plan;

 

  Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Key Employee Phantom Stock Agreements;

 

  Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Professional Branch Manager Phantom Stock Agreements;

 

  Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Producing Branch Manager Retention Plan; and

 

  Howard, Weil, Labouisse, Friedrichs, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan (the “Howard Weil Plan”).

 

Subsequent to March 31, 2004, we have stopped granting additional deferred bonuses or other awards, or deferring income, under all of these plans. These plans (other than the Howard Weil Plan) have been replaced for purposes of future awards with programs under our stockholder-approved omnibus equity plan. As a result, these plans (other than the Howard Weil Plan) will apply in the future only to the distribution of phantom stock units and interest accounts that were previously granted. For all of these plans, we have issued to a trust shares of our Common Stock that are available for distributions under the plans. Set forth below is a brief description of these plans.

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Private Client Group Deferred Compensation Plan (“PCG Plan”) and Financial Advisor Retention Plan (“FA Plan”)

 

Under the PCG Plan, financial advisors in our Private Client Group were eligible to earn deferred bonuses in each calendar year based upon several performance measures. In calendar year 2002, the PCG Plan was replaced with the FA Plan. Under the FA Plan, financial advisors in our Private Client Group were eligible to earn in each calendar year the right to receive future retention bonuses based upon several performance measures. Deferred bonuses under the PCG Plan and future retention bonuses under the FA Plan were deemed invested in either an

 

28


interest account or a “phantom stock” account. Amounts deemed invested in phantom stock accounts were credited as a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to the market price for a share of Legg Mason Common Stock. The number of phantom stock units credited to an account will be adjusted over the deferral period, in the case of the PCG Plan, or over the period until the bonus is payable, in the case of the FA Plan, to account for any stock dividends, stock splits and similar events. Dividends paid on Common Stock were credited to phantom stock accounts by adding a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to 95% of the market price for a share of Common Stock. However, we have replaced this feature of the plans with deferred grants of stock, in the same amounts and under the same terms, under our omnibus equity plan. Amounts deemed invested in interest accounts are annually credited with interest. Deferred bonuses under the PCG Plan vest at the end of the sixth calendar year after they are credited. Retention bonuses under the FA Plan are payable at the end of the sixth calendar year after the rights to receive them are granted. Deferred bonuses under the PCG Plan and retention bonuses under the FA Plan are subject to forfeiture if the recipient’s employment with us terminates prior to the vesting or payment date, other than a termination as a result of death, disability or retirement. Vested deferred bonuses are distributed to the recipient, at the election of the recipient, upon either (i) the date they vest or (ii) the date the recipient’s employment with us terminates. Upon a distribution under the PCG Plan, the participant receives (in a lump sum or in periodic installments, at the participant’s election) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of phantom stock units that are to be distributed, or cash in the amount of the balance of the interest account to be distributed. When retention bonuses are paid under the FA Plan, the recipient receives a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of phantom stock units that are to be distributed, or cash in the amount of the balance of the interest account to be distributed.

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Key Employee Phantom Stock Agreements (the “Key Employee Agreements”)

 

Under the Key Employee Agreements, certain employees, as part of their recruitment by our Private Client Group, were offered deferred compensation bonuses credited within the first year of their employment. Deferral amounts under the Key Employee Agreements were deemed invested in “phantom stock” units based on a unit price equal to the market price for a share of Legg Mason Common Stock. The number of phantom stock units credited to an account will be adjusted over the deferral period to account for any stock dividends, stock splits and similar events. Dividends paid on Common Stock were credited to phantom stock accounts by adding a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to 95% of the market price for a share of Common Stock. A portion of the deferred amounts under the Key Employee Agreements vests each year over a period of five years, and deferred amounts are subject to forfeiture if the recipient’s employment with us terminates prior to the vesting date, other than a termination as a result of death or disability. Vested deferred amounts are distributed to the recipient, at the election of the recipient, upon one of (i) the date they vest, (ii) the date the entire deferred amount vests, or (iii) the date the recipient’s employment with us terminates. Upon a distribution, the participant receives (in a lump sum or in periodic installments, at the participant’s election) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of phantom stock units that are to be distributed.

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Professional Branch Manager Phantom Stock Agreements (the “Branch Manager Agreements”)

 

Under the Branch Manager Agreements, certain of the branch managers in our Private Client Group were able to elect to defer up to $12,000 of compensation in any calendar year. We would “match” dollar-for-dollar all amounts deferred under the Branch Manager Agreements. Deferred and match amounts under the Branch Manager Agreements were deemed invested in “phantom stock” units based on a unit price equal to the market price for a share of Common Stock. The number of phantom stock units credited to an account will be adjusted over the deferral period to account for any stock dividends, stock splits and similar events. Dividends paid on Common Stock were credited to phantom stock accounts by adding a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to 95% of the market price for a share of Common Stock. Phantom stock units resulting from the Legg Mason “match” vest six full years after they are credited, and are subject to forfeiture if the recipient’s

 

29


employment with us terminates prior to the vesting date, other than a termination as a result of death, disability or retirement. Vested deferred amounts are distributed to the recipient, at the election of the recipient, upon either (i) the date they vest or (ii) the date the recipient’s employment with us terminates. In a distribution, the participant receives (in a lump sum or in periodic installments, at the participant’s election) a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of phantom stock units that are to be distributed.

 

Legg Mason Wood Walker, Incorporated Producing Branch Manager Retention Plan (the “Branch Manager Plan”)

 

Under the Branch Manager Plan, certain branch managers in our Private Client Group were eligible to earn the right to receive deferred bonuses and retention bonuses. Rights to receive deferred and retention bonuses were awarded in tandem under the Branch Manager Plan following each fiscal year based on the income earned by eligible branch managers during the fiscal year. When the right to receive a deferred bonus and retention bonus was awarded, the bonuses were deemed invested in either an interest account or a “phantom stock” account. Amounts deemed invested in phantom stock accounts were credited as a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to the market price for a share of Legg Mason Common Stock. The number of phantom stock units credited to an account will be adjusted over the period until the bonuses are payable to account for any stock dividends, stock splits and similar events. Dividends paid on Common Stock were credited to phantom stock accounts by adding a number of phantom stock units based on a unit price equal to 95% of the market price for a share of Common Stock. Amounts deemed invested in interest accounts are annually credited with interest. Deferred bonuses under the Branch Manager Plan are payable on the earlier of (i) the end of the sixth fiscal year after the rights to receive them are granted and (ii) the date the applicable recipient’s employment with us terminates. Retention bonuses under the Branch Manager Plan are payable at the end of the sixth fiscal year after the rights to receive them are granted, and rights to receive retention bonuses are subject to forfeiture if the applicable recipient’s employment with us terminates prior to the end of that sixth year, other than a termination as a result of death, disability or retirement. When bonuses are paid under the Branch Manager Plan, the recipient receives a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of phantom stock units that are to be distributed, or cash in the amount of the balance of the interest account to be distributed.

 

Howard, Weil, Labouisse, Friedrichs, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan

 

Under the Howard Weil Plan, certain employees of Howard, Weil, Labouisee, Friedrichs, Inc. (“Howard Weil”) were entitled to defer their receipt of compensation. The deferred amounts were deemed invested in Voting Stock of Howard Weil. When we acquired Howard Weil in 1987, the deferred amounts were funded by placing Howard Weil stock into a trust, and the stock in the trust was converted into Legg Mason Common Stock. Since the acquisition, no additional amounts have been deferred under the Howard Weil Plan. However, the Howard Weil Plan governs the distribution of shares from the trust to participants. In addition, dividends paid on the shares held in the trust are used to purchase additional shares of Legg Mason Common Stock in the open market, which are then credited to the accounts of participants.

 

30


Purchases of our Common Stock

 

The following table sets out information regarding our purchases of Legg Mason Common Stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2004:

 

Period


  

(a)

Total number
of shares
purchased (1)


   (b)
Average price
paid per share


  

(c)

Total number of

shares purchased
as part of
publicly announced

plans or programs (2)


  

(d)
Maximum number

of shares that may
yet be purchased
under the plans
or programs (2)


January 1, 2004 Through January 31, 2004

   20,605    $ 84.61    5,000    1,565,800

February 1, 2004 Through February 29, 2004

   170,673      92.07    162,000    1,403,800

March 1, 2004 Through March 31, 2004

   222,527      91.34    214,800    1,189,000
    
  

  
  

Total

   413,805    $ 91.31    381,800    1,189,000
    
  

  
  

(1) Includes shares acquired (i) in open-market purchases under the share repurchase authority discussed in the following footnote and (ii) through the surrender of shares by option holders to pay the exercise price of stock options.
(2) On October 23, 2001, we announced via press release that our board of directors had authorized Legg Mason, Inc. to purchase up to 3 million shares of Legg Mason Common Stock in open-market purchases. There was no expiration date attached to the authorization.

 

 

31


ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

 


   Years Ended March 31,


   2004

   2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

     (Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

Operating Results(1)

                                  

Total revenues

   $ 2,004,267    $ 1,586,343    $ 1,548,893    $ 1,505,952    $ 1,367,320

Interest expense

     63,155      85,997      125,342      173,359      131,534

  

  

  

  

  

Net revenues

     1,941,112      1,500,346      1,423,551      1,332,593      1,235,786

Non-interest expenses

     1,468,803      1,193,490      1,172,408      1,071,324      985,395

  

  

  

  

  

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

     472,309      306,856      251,143      261,269      250,391

Income tax provision

     181,701      117,424      99,476      107,818      102,490

  

  

  

  

  

Net earnings from continuing operations

     290,608      189,432      151,667      153,451      147,901

Discontinued operations, net of taxes

     675      1,477      1,269      2,779      2,512

Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of taxes

     6,481      —        —        —        —  

  

  

  

  

  

Net earnings

   $ 297,764    $ 190,909    $ 152,936    $ 156,230    $ 150,413

  

  

  

  

  

Per Common Share

                                  

Earnings per share:

                                  

Basic

   $ 4.45    $ 2.89    $ 2.35    $ 2.45    $ 2.43

Diluted

     4.06      2.78      2.24      2.30      2.27

Weighted average shares outstanding (in thousands):

                                  

Basic

     66,861      66,001      65,211      63,793      61,868

Diluted

     73,846      68,760      68,262      67,916      65,967

Dividends declared(2)

   $ .560    $ .430    $ .390    $ .350    $ .305

Book value

     22.77      18.59      16.20      14.14      12.09

  

  

  

  

  

Financial Condition

                                  

Total assets

   $ 7,262,981    $ 6,067,450    $ 5,939,614    $ 4,687,626    $ 4,812,107

Long-term debt

     794,238      786,753      779,463      99,770      99,723

Notes payable of finance subsidiaries(3)

     —        —        97,659      119,200      239,268

Stockholders’ equity

     1,559,610      1,247,957      1,084,548      927,720      770,808

  

  

  

  

  

(1) Restated to reflect discontinued mortgage banking and servicing operations, where applicable.
(2) Excluding $.16 and $.60 per share declared by Legg Mason Canada Inc. (formerly Perigee Inc.) prior to acquisition in 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(3) Non-recourse, secured fixed-rate notes of Legg Mason Investments’ finance subsidiaries, the proceeds of which were invested in financial instruments with similar maturities.

 

32


ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

 

Executive Overview

Legg Mason, Inc. (the “Parent”), a holding company, and its subsidiaries (collectively with the Parent, “Legg Mason”) are principally engaged in providing asset management, securities brokerage, investment banking and related financial services to individuals, institutions, corporations and municipalities. We have operations principally in the United States of America, the United Kingdom and Canada and also have offices in Spain, Switzerland and Singapore. Terms such as “we,” “us,” “our” and “company” refer to Legg Mason.

Legg Mason currently operates through three business segments: Asset Management, Private Client and Capital Markets. The business segment classifications are based upon factors such as the services provided and distribution channels utilized. Certain services that Legg Mason offers are provided to clients through more than one of its business segments. Therefore, the revenue categories are allocated to multiple segments. Legg Mason allocates certain common income and expense items among its business segments based upon various methodologies and factors. These methodologies are by their nature subjective and are reviewed periodically by management. Business segment results in the future may reflect reallocations of revenues and expenses that result from changes in methodologies, but any reallocations will have no effect on Legg Mason’s consolidated results of operations.

Asset Management provides investment advisory services to institutional and individual clients and to company-sponsored investment funds. The primary sources of revenue in Asset Management are investment advisory, distribution and administrative fees, which typically are calculated as a percentage of the assets in the account and vary based upon factors such as the type of underlying investment product, the amount of assets under management and the type of services that are provided. In addition, performance fees may be earned on certain investment advisory contracts for exceeding performance benchmarks. Distribution fees earned on company-sponsored investment funds are reported in Asset Management when the fund is sold through direct marketing channels and in the Private Client segment when the fund is sold through its branch distribution network. Revenues from Asset Management tend to be more stable than those from Private Client and Capital Markets because they are less affected by changes in securities market conditions.

 

Private Client distributes a wide range of financial products through its branch distribution network, including equity and fixed income securities, proprietary and non-affiliated mutual funds and annuities. The primary sources of net revenues for Private Client are commissions and principal credits earned on equity and fixed income transactions in customer brokerage accounts, distribution fees earned from mutual funds, fees earned from fee-based brokerage and managed accounts, and net interest from customers’ margin loan and credit account balances. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings initiated in the Capital Markets segment are reported in Private Client when sold through its branch distribution network.

Capital Markets consists of Legg Mason’s equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading and corporate and public finance investment banking. The primary sources of revenue for equity and fixed income institutional sales and trading include commissions and principal credits on transactions in both corporate and municipal products. Legg Mason maintains proprietary fixed income and equity securities inventory primarily to facilitate customer transactions and realizes trading profits and losses from proprietary trading activities. Investment banking revenues include underwriting fees and advisory fees from private placements and mergers and acquisitions. Sales credits associated with underwritten offerings are reported in Capital Markets when sold through institutional distribution channels. The results of this business segment also include realized and unrealized gains and losses on investments acquired in connection with merchant and investment banking activities.

In September 2003, we sold the mortgage banking and servicing operations of Legg Mason Real Estate Services, Inc. (“LMRES”), which had been previously reported in a fourth segment: Other. Other also included certain unallocated corporate revenues and expenses. Consolidated results have been restated to reflect the historical results of the sold business as discontinued operations and the remaining operations of LMRES in Capital Markets. The corporate revenues and expenses that are not allocated to the business segments are now reported separately as Corporate.

The most significant component of our cost structure is Compensation and benefits, of which a majority is variable in nature and includes sales commissions that are based upon certain revenues and incentive bonuses that are based upon production levels and/or profitability. Certain other operating costs are fixed in nature, such as occupancy, depreciation and amortization, equipment leasing and minimum contract commitments for market data, communication and technology services, and may not decline with reduced levels of business activity or, conversely, may not rise proportionately with increased business activity.

 

33


Our financial position and results of operations are materially affected by the overall trends and conditions of the financial markets, particularly in the United States. Results of any individual period should not be considered representative of future results. Our profitability is sensitive to a variety of factors, including the amount and composition of our assets under management, the volume of trading in securities, the volatility and general level of securities prices and interest rates, the level of customer margin and credit account balances and the demand for investment banking services, among other things. Sustained periods of unfavorable market conditions are likely to affect our profitability adversely. In addition, the diversification of services and products offered, investment performance, access to distribution channels, reputation in the market, attracting and retaining key employees and client relations are significant factors in determining whether we are successful in attracting and retaining clients. In the past decade, we have experienced substantial expansion due to internal growth and the strategic acquisition of asset management firms that provided, among other things, a broader range of investment expertise, additional product diversification and increased assets under management.

The financial services businesses in which we are engaged are extremely competitive. Our competition includes numerous national, regional and local asset management firms and broker-dealers and commercial banks. The industry has been affected by the consolidation of financial services firms through mergers or acquisitions. The increasing competitive pressures require us to offer our customers many of the services provided by much larger firms. The industry in which we operate is also subject to extensive regulation under federal and state laws and by securities exchanges and other self-regulatory authorities. Like most firms, we have been impacted by the regulatory and legislative changes in the post-Enron era. In addition, the financial services industry has been the subject of a number of regulatory proceedings and requirements over the last two years, including changes in the relationships of research analysts and investment banking and proceedings regarding a number of mutual funds sales practices. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has required us to implement new policies or review existing policies with respect to corporate governance, auditor independence and disclosure controls. In addition, various regulatory organizations adopted changes to their rules and policies in response to certain abuses and corporate scandals.

All references to fiscal 2004, 2003 or 2002 refer to our March 31 fiscal year then ended.

 

Business Environment

Fiscal 2004 began with continued economic uncertainty, fueled by the conflict in Iraq and continued focus on corporate governance, regulatory and accounting issues. Despite these factors, the equity markets improved substantially in fiscal 2004 as the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the Nasdaq Composite Index and the S&P 500 were up 30%, 49% and 33%, respectively, for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004. During fiscal 2004, the U.S. Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate to 1.00%, the lowest level in 45 years. However, there was increased volatility in long-term yields, as investor sentiment shifted between fears of deflation to fears of inflation. Recent economic growth has led to some speculation that the Federal Reserve is likely to raise short-term interest rates during calendar 2004. As a result, equity and fixed income markets continue to be volatile and uncertain as we begin fiscal 2005, and we are unable to predict the impact this will have on our results.

The financial services industry continues to be impacted by legislative and regulatory changes. Regulatory investigations into mutual fund trading practices within the financial services industry have uncovered instances of conflicts of interest and insufficient internal controls related to mutual funds and have resulted in a negative public perception of the mutual fund industry, numerous regulatory rule proposals, a strict regulatory environment and significant fines and penalties against, and fee reductions by, a number of financial services companies. Like numerous other firms, starting in September 2003, we received a subpoena from the office of the New York Attorney General (“NY AG”) and inquiries from the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) relating to their investigations of sales practices, late trading, market timing and selective disclosure of portfolio holdings in connection with mutual funds. We have responded to the NY AG subpoena and the SEC inquiries and are cooperating with two separate SEC investigations. We are not currently able to determine whether any regulators will initiate enforcement actions as a result of their investigations, or to predict what effect, if any, the mutual fund investigations will have on our business, results of operations or assets under management.

 

34


Results of Operations

The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, items in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a percentage of net revenues and the increase (decrease) by item as a percentage of the amount for the previous period:

 

     Percentage of Net Revenues

       Period to Period Change

 
     Years Ended
March 31,


       2004
Compared
to 2003
     2003
Compared
to 2002
 
     2004        2003        2002          

 

Revenues

                                        

Investment advisory and related fees

   62.7 %      57.3 %      54.8 %      41.5 %    10.2 %

Commissions

   17.7        21.1        23.2        8.5      (4.3 )

Principal transactions

   8.5        10.5        9.8        4.6      13.9  

Investment banking

   7.7        7.3        7.2        37.7      6.7  

Interest

   4.3        7.1        11.5        (20.6 )    (35.0 )

Other

   2.3        2.4        2.3        22.3      9.1  
    

    

    

               

Total revenues

   103.2        105.7        108.8        26.3      2.4  

Interest expense

   3.2        5.7        8.8        (26.6 )    (31.4 )
    

    

    

               

Net revenues

   100.0        100.0        100.0        29.4      5.4  
    

    

    

               

Non-Interest Expenses

                                        

Compensation and benefits

   56.0        58.7        60.8        23.6      1.6  

Communications and technology

   4.8        6.0        6.9        2.3      (7.3 )

Occupancy

   3.4        4.2        4.2        6.1      5.0  

Distribution and service fees

   2.5        1.6        1.2        94.4      49.1  

Amortization of intangible assets

   1.1        1.5        1.2        (6.5 )    33.5  

Litigation award charge

   0.9                      n/m      n/m  

Other

   7.0        7.5        8.1        20.4      (2.5 )
    

    

    

               

Total non-interest expenses

   75.7        79.5        82.4        23.1      1.8  
    

    

    

               

Earnings from Continuing Operations before Income Tax Provision

   24.3        20.5        17.6        53.9      22.2  

Income tax provision

   9.3        7.9        7.0        54.7      18.0  
    

    

    

               

Net Earnings from Continuing Operations

   15.0        12.6        10.6        53.4      24.9  

Discontinued operations, net of taxes

          0.1        0.1        n/m      16.4  

Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of taxes

   0.3                      n/m      n/m  
    

    

    

               

Net Earnings

   15.3 %      12.7 %      10.7 %      56.0      24.8  
    

    

    

               

n/m—not meaningful

 

35


FISCAL 2004 COMPARED WITH FISCAL 2003

Financial Overview

Legg Mason reported record net revenues, net earnings and diluted earnings per share in fiscal 2004. Net revenues increased 29% to $1.941 billion, primarily due to increased revenues from higher assets under management. Assets under management increased 49% to $286.4 billion as a result of approximately equal increases in net client cash flows and market appreciation. Net earnings increased 56% to $297.8 million and diluted earnings per share were $4.06, an increase of 46%. The pre-tax profit margin increased to 24.3% from 20.5%. Included in fiscal 2004 is a single litigation award charge of $17.5 million. Our earnings were also affected by the impact of the sale of the mortgage servicing operations of LMRES, which increased net earnings by $6.5 million. Our diluted earnings per share included the impact of 4.4 million shares that would be issuable upon conversion of our zero-coupon contingent convertible senior notes, which became convertible in January 2004, when our stock price reached a convertibility threshold in the prior quarter, reducing diluted earnings per share by $0.09.

 

Net Revenues

Investment advisory and related fees, including distribution fees from company-sponsored mutual and offshore funds, increased 42% to $1.217 billion, primarily as a result of the combined growth from assets managed by Private Capital Management, L.P. (“PCM”), Western Asset Management Company (“Western Asset”), Royce & Associates, LLC (“Royce”) and Legg Mason Funds Management, Inc. (“LMFM”). Distribution fees from proprietary investment funds increased $53.0 million to $190.1 million. Investment advisory and related fees represented 63% of consolidated net revenues, up from 57% in the prior year.

 

Investment Advisory Revenues and Assets Under Management

 

LOGO

 

Assets under management at March 31, 2004 were $286.4 billion, up 49% from March 31, 2003. Changes in the business environment during fiscal 2004, which gave rise to improvements in the equity markets, resulted in dramatic growth in our equity assets under management. Over $50 billion of the $94 billion increase in assets was in equity assets. Because we earn higher fees on our equity products, pre-tax earnings rose 77% in our Asset Management segment.

Assets under management as of March 31, 2004 and 2003 by type are as follows:

 

     2004*    % of
Total
   2003*    % of
Total
   %
Change
 

 

Equity

   $ 112.3    39.2    $ 60.1    31.3    86.9 %

Fixed Income

     174.1    60.8      132.1    68.7    31.8 %

 
Total    $ 286.4    100.0    $ 192.2    100.0    49.0 %

 

*  In billions

 

36


Assets Under Management by Division (In billions)

 

LOGO   LOGO

 

Securities brokerage revenues, including both commissions and principal transactions, increased 7% to $509.0 million, primarily as a result of increases in retail client transaction volume, particularly listed and over-the-counter equities and non-affiliated mutual funds. Commission revenues in fiscal 2004 were reduced by $7.4 million for reimbursements to clients for Legg Mason Wood Walker’s failure to provide breakpoint discounts in connection with client purchases of non-proprietary front-end load mutual fund shares and $5.6 million as a result of the impact of the sale of our bank brokerage network in fiscal 2003. Investment banking revenues were $150.1 million, an increase of 38% over the prior year, primarily as a result of increases in retail and institutional selling concessions and corporate banking management fees from new issues. Other revenues increased 22% to $43.8 million, primarily as a result of net gains on firm investments.

Net interest profit of $21.2 million increased 5% from $20.2 million in the prior year. Interest revenue declined 21% to $84.3 million as a result of significantly lower interest rates earned on higher average customer and firm investment balances. Interest expense declined 27% to $63.2 million as a result of significantly lower interest rates paid on customer credit account balances and lower amortized issue costs relating to our zero-coupon contingent convertible senior notes, which were fully amortized in the quarter ended June 30, 2003. The net interest profit margin in the current period increased to 25.1% from 19.0% in the prior year, and accounted for 4.5% of earnings before income tax provision, down from 6.6% in the prior year.

 

Non-Interest Expenses

Compensation and benefits increased 24% to $1.087 billion, as a result of increases in profitability-based incentive costs, primarily asset management related, and increased retail financial advisor sales compensation. However, compensation as a percentage of net revenues declined to 56.0% from 58.7% in the prior year, as a result of the impact of fixed compensation costs on increased revenues, a lower percentage of pre-tax profits accrued for corporate executive incentive compensation and lower effective compensation rates.

Communications and technology expense of $92.5 million was relatively unchanged from the prior year, as increased investments in technology were offset by the impact of lower depreciation as a result of assets that became fully depreciated in a prior year.

Occupancy expense rose 6% to $66.5 million in the current year, primarily as a result of increased rent, equipment depreciation and relocation costs of $1.7 million related to Western Asset’s move to a new office location. We also incurred $1.0 million of additional costs to consolidate two investment advisory subsidiary office locations in New York City.

Amortization of intangible assets declined 7% to $21.8 million, primarily as a result of asset management contracts that were fully amortized during the year.

During fiscal 2004, we recorded a litigation award charge of $17.5 million as a result of a judgment in a copyright infringement lawsuit (see Note 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements).

Distribution and service fees increased 94% to $47.8 million, primarily as a result of an increase in distribution fees paid to third-party distributors on sales of offshore and Royce funds.

Other expenses increased 20% to $135.4 million in the current fiscal year, primarily due to: an increase of $8.0 million in audit and consulting fees as a result of a more stringent legislative and regulatory environment and legal fees for litigation; a $2.3 million fine levied by the SEC and National Association of Securities Dealers (“NASD”) as a result of our failure to provide certain clients the benefit of breakpoint discounts in connection with their purchases of non-proprietary front-end load mutual fund shares; stock-based compensation expense of $2.1 million for stock option grants to our non-employee directors; and an increase of $2.0 million in contributions to the Legg Mason charitable foundation. These increases were partially offset by lower expenses related to advances to financial advisors and impairment charges taken on intangible assets in fiscal 2003.

The income tax provision increased 55% to $181.7 million, primarily as a result of the increase in pre-tax earnings. The effective tax rate was 38.5% in the current fiscal year and 38.3% in the prior year. The current year reflects a lower average effective foreign tax rate, while the prior year benefited from $2.6 million in state income tax refunds.

 

37


Results by Segment

Asset Management

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2004      2003

Net revenues

   $ 969.3      $ 648.1

Non-interest expenses

     653.0        469.4

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 316.3      $ 178.7

Profit margin

     32.6%        27.6%

 

Net revenues in Asset Management increased 50% to $969.3 million and pre-tax earnings increased 77% to $316.3 million, principally as a result of increased revenues from higher levels of assets under management. Investment advisory revenues at PCM, Western Asset, Royce and LMFM, combined, accounted for $224.5 million (or 73%) of the increase, including performance fees. Performance fees rose $20.0 million to $41.5 million. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues was 46.6% for fiscal 2004 and 48.5% in the prior fiscal year. The profit margin increased to 32.6% from 27.6% in the prior year as a result of a greater portion of revenues generated at subsidiaries that retain a lower percentage of revenues under revenue sharing agreements. Asset Management represented 49.9% of consolidated net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2004, an increase from 43.2% in the prior year.

 

Net Revenues by Division within Asset Management (In millions)

 

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Private Client

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2004      2003

Net revenues

   $ 677.8      $ 588.6

Non-interest expenses

     557.1        511.0

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 120.7      $ 77.6

Profit margin

     17.8%        13.2%

 

Private Client net revenues increased 15% to $677.8 million from $588.6 million in the prior year and pre-tax earnings increased 56% to $120.7 million, principally as a result of increases in distribution fees on company-sponsored mutual funds, corporate selling concessions and an increased volume of listed and over-the-counter securities transactions. Additionally, increased commissions on sales of non-affiliated mutual funds and fees earned from fee-based brokerage accounts contributed to the increase in net revenues. These increases were partially offset by the impact of the sale of contracts in our bank brokerage network in the prior year of $9.9 million and the impact of a $7.4 million reduction in mutual fund commissions for breakpoint reimbursements to clients. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues declined to 57.4% in fiscal 2004 from 58.1% in fiscal 2003, primarily as a result of lower commission rates paid on distribution fees from company-sponsored mutual funds and the elimination of bank brokerage commissions, as a result of the sale of our bank brokerage network in the prior year. The profit margin rose to 17.8% from 13.2% in the prior year as a result of increased revenues and lower effective compensation costs. Private Client represented 34.9% of consolidated net revenues in the year ended March 31, 2004, a decrease from 39.2% in the prior year due to the significant increase in Asset Management net revenues. Net interest profit in Private Client declined 2% to $48.9 million.

 

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Capital Markets

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2004      2003

Net revenues

   $ 295.8      $ 264.2

Non-interest expenses

     240.7        212.6

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 55.1      $ 51.6

Profit margin

     18.6%        19.5%

 

Capital Markets net revenues increased 12% to $295.8 million from $264.2 million in the prior year as a result of higher corporate banking management fees and selling concessions on new issues, higher corporate advisory fees and increased institutional equity over-the-counter transaction volume. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues was 56.9%, compared to 56.8% in the prior year. The profit margin decreased to 18.6% from 19.5% in the prior year as a result of increased direct and allocated support costs. Capital Markets represented 15.2% of consolidated net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2004, a decrease from 17.6% in the prior year, primarily due to the significant increase in net revenues in our Asset Management segment.

 

Corporate

 

     Years Ending
March 31,
 
(In millions)    2004      2003  

 

Net revenues (losses)

   $ (1.8 )    $ (0.6 )

Non-interest expenses

     18.0        0.5  

 

Earnings (losses) from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ (19.8 )    $ (1.1 )

 

Profit margin

     n/m        n/m  

 

n/m—not meaningful

 

Corporate includes unallocated revenues and expenses, primarily gains and losses on certain firm investments and the $17.5 million litigation award charge.

 

FISCAL 2003 COMPARED WITH FISCAL 2002

Financial Overview

Net revenues, net earnings and diluted earnings per share were up 5% to $1.50 billion, 25% to $190.9 million and 24% to $2.78, respectively. On August 1, 2001, we acquired PCM, which at the acquisition date managed $8.6 billion of assets. On October 1, 2001, we acquired Royce, which at the acquisition date managed $4.7 billion of assets. As of March 31, 2003, PCM and Royce managed $11.5 billion and $8.2 billion of assets, respectively. The benefit of a full year of results and growth of Royce and PCM increased net revenues by approximately $80.0 million (net of interest expense). Additionally, net earnings increased as a result of lower compensation costs as a percentage of net revenues, decreases in litigation-related costs and the benefit of a full year of cost savings initiatives implemented in the prior year.

 

Net Revenues

Investment advisory and related fees, including distribution fees from investment funds, increased 10% to $860.3 million, primarily as a result of additional investment advisory fees of $90.5 million from Royce and PCM and growth of $40.9 million from Western Asset. These increases were offset in part by declines in investment advisory and distribution fees from company-sponsored equity investment funds of $42.7 million and lower fees at certain non-U.S. based investment advisors of $10.2 million.

Securities brokerage revenues increased 1% to $474.9 million as a result of increases in the volume of both institutional and retail fixed income transactions, sales of annuities and the impact of a full year of commissions earned by PCM’s brokerage operations. These increases were offset in part by declines in listed retail equity transaction volume and sales of non-proprietary mutual funds. Investment banking revenues increased 7% to $109.0 million, primarily due to increases in new issue and underwriting revenues, and increased merger and advisory fees. Other revenues increased 9% to $35.8 million, primarily as a result of a $3.1 million increase in annual retirement account fees due to more accounts being charged a fee and increases in the fee rates and a $1.3 million realized gain on the sale of certain contracts in our bank brokerage network, offset in part by unrealized losses on firm investments.

Net interest profit declined 47% to $20.2 million primarily as a result of a decrease of $53.1 million in interest revenue due to lower average interest rates earned on customer account and firm investment balances, partially offset by a decrease in interest expense of $42.8 million as a result of lower average interest rates paid on customer credit account balances. In addition, interest expense increased $9.2 million as a result of acquisition-related debt. Net interest profit accounted for 6.6% of consolidated pre-tax profits, down significantly from 15.2% in the prior fiscal year.

 

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Non-Interest Expenses

Compensation and benefits increased 2% to $880.1 million, primarily due to a full year’s impact of PCM and Royce, which resulted in an increase of $32.4 million in compensation-related expenses, and higher profitability-based asset management incentive expense, offset in part by a decline in sales and distribution fee commissions of $27.6 million. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 58.7% in fiscal 2003 from 60.8% in fiscal 2002 primarily due to our Private Client and Capital Market segments.

Communications and technology expense declined 7% to $90.5 million, primarily as a result of declines in costs for quote services, consulting fees and leased computer equipment.

Occupancy increased 5% to $62.7 million, primarily due to the impact of a full year of expenses of acquired entities, higher operating expenses at our corporate headquarters and the addition of office space leased by Western Asset.

Amortization of intangible assets increased 34% to $23.3 million, primarily as a result of a $5.5 million increase related to a full year of amortization of asset management contracts acquired in the PCM acquisition. We adopted the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” effective April 1, 2001, under which goodwill and indefinite life intangible assets are no longer amortized. See Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Distribution and service fees increased 49% to $24.6 million, primarily as a result of the impact of a full year of commissions paid to third-party distributors of Royce funds.

Other expenses decreased 3% to $112.5 million, primarily as a result of a decline in litigation-related expenses of approximately $5.7 million and lower promotional expenses. These decreases were offset in part by the addition of expenses of acquired entities and an increase of $2.1 million in allowances for recruiting-related advances to financial advisors.

The income tax provision increased 18% to $117.4 million in fiscal 2003, primarily as a result of the increase in pre-tax earnings. The effective tax rate declined to 38.3% from 39.6% in the prior year due to lower average effective state income tax rates resulting from changes in state apportionment factors, $2.6 million in one-time net state income tax refunds and a lower average effective foreign tax rate as a result of realizing the tax benefits of U.K. net operating loss carryforwards.

 

Results by Segment

Asset Management

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2003      2002

Net revenues

   $ 648.1      $ 557.9

Non-interest expenses

     469.4        398.7

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 178.7      $ 159.2

Profit margin

     27.6%        28.5%

 

Net revenues in Asset Management increased 16% to $648.1 million and pre-tax earnings increased 12% to $178.7 million, principally as a result of the impact of a full year of results and growth at PCM and Royce, as well as growth at Western Asset. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues increased to 48.3% in fiscal 2003 from 46.7% in fiscal 2002 and the pre-tax profit margin decreased to 27.6% in fiscal 2003 from 28.5% in fiscal 2002 because a higher percentage of revenues were generated by subsidiaries that retain a larger percentage of revenues, under revenue-sharing agreements, as incentive compensation. Asset Management represented 43.2% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2003, an increase from 39.2% in fiscal 2002. In fiscal 2003, PCM and Royce contributed an additional $90.5 million of investment advisory fees and $31.3 million of pre-tax earnings. In addition, investment advisory fees grew $40.9 million at Western Asset. These increases were offset in part by declines of $19.2 million in advisory fees from company-sponsored equity investment funds and $10.2 million in advisory fees from certain non-U.S. based investment advisors. In addition, net interest profit decreased $11.9 million primarily as a result of lower average interest rates earned on firm investment balances and an increase in acquisition-related debt. Included in the current fiscal year are charges of $2.8 million related to write-downs of previously acquired asset management contracts.

 

Net Revenues by Division within Asset Management (In millions)

 

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Private Client

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2003      2002

Net revenues

   $ 588.6      $ 618.2

Non-interest expenses

     511.0        564.9

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 77.6      $ 53.3

Profit margin

     13.2%        8.6%

 

Despite a decline in Private Client’s net revenues of 5% to $588.6 million, pre-tax earnings increased 46% to $77.6 million. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues decreased to 58.1% in fiscal 2003 from 61.9% in fiscal 2002 as a result of lower effective commission payout rates and incentive compensation. The pre-tax profit margin increased to 13.2% in fiscal 2003 from 8.6% in fiscal 2002. Private Client represented 39.2% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2003, a decrease from 43.4% in the prior year. Net revenues declined primarily due to a decrease of $19.8 million in distribution fee revenues on company-sponsored investment funds, principally equity funds, and lower retail transaction volume. Improved pre-tax earnings and profit margin are attributable to a decline in non-interest expenses, driven by cost savings initiatives implemented last year, including the impact of branch consolidations, a reduction in the number of full-time employees and lower costs for communication services. Net interest profit in Private Client decreased 12% to $49.9 million, primarily due to a decline in average interest rates earned on firm investment balances.

 

Capital Markets

 

     Years Ended March 31,
(In millions)    2003      2002

Net revenues

   $ 264.2      $ 247.6

Non-interest expenses

     212.6        208.6

Earnings from continuing operations before income tax provision

   $ 51.6      $ 39.0

Profit margin

     19.5%        15.8%

 

Net revenues in Capital Markets increased 7% to $264.2 million, while pre-tax earnings increased 32% to $51.6 million. Compensation as a percentage of net revenues declined to 56.8% in fiscal 2003 from 60.9% in fiscal 2002 due to lower effective percentage payouts for incentive compensation on higher revenues. The pre-tax profit margin increased to 19.5% in fiscal 2003 from 15.8% in fiscal 2002. Capital Markets represented 17.6% of consolidated net revenues in fiscal 2003 and 17.4% in fiscal 2002. The increase in net revenues was primarily attributable to higher institutional fixed income transaction volume and trading profits, as well as increases in municipal banking fees, offset in part by a decline in corporate banking fees and unrealized losses related to warrants acquired in connection with private placements.

 

Corporate

 

    Years Ended March 31,  
(In millions)   2003     2002  

 

Net revenues (losses)

  $ (0.6 )   $ (0.1 )

Non-interest expenses

    0.5       0.2  

 

Earnings (losses) from continuing operations before income tax provision

  $ (1.1 )   $ (0.3 )

 

Profit margin

    n/m       n/m  

 

n/m—not meaningful

 

Corporate includes unallocated revenues and expenses, including gains and losses on certain firm investments.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The primary objective of our capital structure and funding practices is to appropriately support Legg Mason’s business strategies, as well as the regulatory capital requirements of certain of our subsidiaries, and to provide needed liquidity at all times. Liquidity and the access to liquidity are essential to the success of our ongoing operations. Our overall funding needs and capital base are continually reviewed to determine if the capital base meets the expected needs of our businesses. We continue to explore potential acquisition opportunities as a means of diversifying and strengthening our business. These opportunities may from time to time involve acquisitions that are material in size and may require, among other things, the raising of additional capital and/or the issuance of additional debt.

As part of our liquidity strategy, we emphasize diversification of funding sources and seek to manage exposure to refinancing risk. Legg Mason has available committed short-term financing on both a secured and unsecured basis. Secured financing is obtained through the use of securities lending agreements and secured bank loans, which are primarily collateralized by short-term U.S. government and agency securities, highly rated corporate debt, money market funds and equity securities. Short-term funding is generally obtained at rates based upon benchmarks such as federal funds, prime rates, LIBOR or money market rates.

 

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We maintain a committed, unsecured revolving credit facility of $100 million that matures on June 30, 2006, for general corporate purposes that may include short-term funding needs. The facility has restrictive covenants that require us, among other things, to maintain specified levels of net worth and debt-to-equity ratios. There were no borrowings outstanding under the facility as of March 31, 2004 and 2003.

Legg Mason also maintains uncommitted credit facilities from numerous banks and financial institutions. Uncommitted facilities consist of lines of credit that we have been advised are available, but for which no contractual lending obligation exists. As such, these uncommitted facilities would likely be unavailable to us if any material adverse effect on our financial condition occurred. We have not relied on the issuance of short-term commercial paper to fund our operating needs nor do we utilize unconsolidated special purpose entities to provide operating liquidity.

On September 30, 2003, we sold certain assets and liabilities comprising the commercial mortgage banking and mortgage servicing operations of our wholly owned subsidiary, LMRES. LMRES will continue to operate its real estate investment advisory group. The cash received at closing for the sale of the assets was approximately $63.5 million, which included $40.9 million that was used to repay the outstanding balance of a secured warehouse line of credit. The cash at closing excluded a $6.9 million non-interest bearing note due four years from closing. In addition, the short-term investments securing the outstanding borrowings under a committed, secured compensating balance line of credit were liquidated and the line of credit, used by the mortgage banking and servicing operations, was repaid. Both of these lines of credit are no longer part of LMRES’s continuing operations. The pre-tax earnings and cash flows from the operations of LMRES that were sold are not material to our consolidated results of operations. The financial results of the operations sold are reflected as discontinued operations on our Consolidated Statement of Earnings.

Legg Mason’s assets consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, collateralized short-term receivables, investment advisory fee receivables, securities owned and borrowed, intangible assets and goodwill. Our assets are principally funded by payables to customers, securities loaned, bank loans, long-term debt and equity. The collateralized short-term receivables consist primarily of margin loans, securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities borrowed, all of which are collateralized by U.S. government and agency securities, corporate debt and equity securities. The investment advisory fee receivables, although not collateralized, are short-term in nature and collectibility is reasonably certain. Excess cash is generally invested in institutional money market funds, commercial paper and securities purchased under agreements to resell. The highly liquid nature of our assets provides us with flexibility in financing and managing our anticipated operating needs.

 

Legg Mason’s total assets increased $1.2 billion to $7.3 billion at March 31, 2004, primarily as a result of increases in securities borrowed of $313.2 million, cash and securities segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations of $293.0 million, cash of $177.3 million and an increase in receivables from customers of $170.9 million. The increase in securities borrowed was accompanied by a corresponding increase in securities loaned of $267.8 million, reflecting a higher demand for equity securities. The increase in securities segregated for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing organizations was accompanied by a corresponding increase in payables to customers of $329.8 million. As of March 31, 2004, stockholders’ equity was $1.560 billion, a 25% increase over March 31, 2003, primarily from the results of operations for the year. For fiscal 2004, cash flows from operating activities provided approximately $189.4 million, primarily attributable to net earnings, adjusted for non-cash charges. We expect that cash flows provided by operating activities will be the primary source of working capital for the next year.

As of March 31, 2004, Legg Mason had three long-term fixed rate debt facilities with an outstanding balance of $794.2 million, an increase of $7.5 million over the prior year due to accretion of our zero-coupon notes. We had outstanding $100.0 million principal amount of senior notes due February 15, 2006, which bear interest at a stated rate of 6.5%. The balance at March 31, 2004, was $99.9 million. The notes were originally issued in February 1996 at a discount to yield 6.57%. We also had outstanding $567.0 million principal amount at maturity of zero-coupon contingent convertible senior notes due on June 6, 2031, that resulted in net proceeds of $244.4 million. The balance at March 31, 2004 was $270.0 million. The convertible notes were issued in a private placement to qualified institutional buyers at an initial offering price of $440.70 per $1,000 principal amount at maturity. The discounted price reflects a yield to maturity of 2.75% per year. During the quarter ended December 31, 2003, the price of our common stock exceeded the conversion trigger price of $73.15 for at least 20 trading days in the last 30 trading days of the quarter. As a result, each note became convertible into 7.7062 shares of our common stock, or 4.4 million shares in aggregate, subject to adjustment, commencing on January 2, 2004. We may redeem the convertible notes for cash on or after June 6, 2006 at their accreted value; however, the notes may be converted prior to any redemption. In addition, we may be required to repurchase the convertible notes at their accreted value, at the option of the holders, on June 6, 2005, 2007, 2011, and every five years thereafter until 2026 or upon a change in control of Legg Mason that occurs on or before June 6, 2006. Such repurchases can be paid in cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of both. We also had outstanding $425.0 million principal amount of senior notes due

 

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July 2, 2008, which bear interest at 6.75%. The notes were issued at a discount to yield 6.80%. The balance at March 31, 2004 was $424.3 million. Proceeds from our long-term debt were used to fund the acquisition of asset management entities.

Our debt ratings at March 31, 2004 were BBB+ for Standard and Poor’s Rating Services and A3 for Moody’s Investor Service, Inc. The Standard and Poor’s Rating Services rating increased in November 2003 from BBB.

On August 1, 2001, Legg Mason purchased PCM for cash of approximately $682.0 million, excluding acquisition costs. The transaction includes two contingent payments based on PCM’s revenue growth for the years ending on the third and fifth anniversaries of closing, with the aggregate purchase price to be no more than $1.382 billion. Based on current revenue levels of PCM, we will be required to make the third anniversary payment of $400.0 million. Additionally, if PCM’s revenues remain at current levels or increase, it is likely we will be required to make the fifth anniversary payment of $300.0 million. On October 1, 2001, we completed the acquisition of Royce for cash of $115.0 million, excluding acquisition costs. The transaction includes three contingent payments based on Royce’s revenue growth for the years ending on the third, fourth and fifth anniversaries of closing, with the aggregate purchase price to be no more than $215.0 million. Based on current revenue levels of Royce, we will be required to make an additional payment of the remaining $100.0 million in fiscal 2005. We have the option to pay as much as 50% of the remaining purchase price for Royce in common stock. We currently expect to fund these fiscal 2005 commitments with available cash.

As of March 31, 2004, we had $575.0 million available for the issuance of additional debt or equity securities pursuant to a shelf registration statement. A shelf filing permits us to register securities in advance and then sell them when financing needs arise or market conditions are favorable. We intend to use the shelf registration for general corporate purposes, including the expansion of our business. There are no assurances as to the terms of any securities that may be issued pursuant to the shelf registration since they are dependent on market conditions and interest rates at the time of issuance.

During fiscal 2002, the Board of Directors authorized Legg Mason, at its discretion, to purchase up to three million shares of its own common stock. During fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, we repurchased 789,300 shares for $65.4 million, 884,900 shares for $42.0 million and 136,800 shares for $7.1 million, respectively. In fiscal 2004, 2003 and 2002, we paid cash dividends of $35.2 million, $28.2 million and $21.5 million, respectively. We anticipate that we will continue to pay quarterly dividends and to repurchase shares on a discretionary basis.

 

The Parent’s broker-dealer subsidiaries are subject to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Uniform Net Capital Rule, which is designed to measure the general financial soundness and liquidity of broker-dealers. As of March 31, 2004, the broker-dealer subsidiaries had aggregate net capital of $408.6 million, which exceeded minimum net capital requirements by $383.3 million. The amount of the broker-dealers’ net assets that may be distributed is subject to restrictions under applicable net capital rules. The Parent’s trust subsidiary is subject to the requirements of the Office of Thrift Supervision, which requires compliance with regulatory capital standards. As of March 31, 2004, the trust subsidiary met all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined by the SEC, include certain contractual arrangements pursuant to which a company has an obligation, such as under contingent obligations, certain guarantee contracts, retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity, certain derivative instruments classified as equity or material variable interests in unconsolidated entities that provide financing, liquidity, market risk or credit risk support. Disclosure is required for any off-balance sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a material current or future effect on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or capital resources. We generally do not enter into off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined, other than those described in the Contractual Obligations and Contingent Payments section that follows and Special Purposes Entities under Critical Accounting Policies. In connection with the sale of certain assets of LMRES, we provided customary indemnifications to the purchaser. We do not believe there will be any material obligations from these indemnifications. In addition, our broker-dealer subsidiaries enter into transactions in the normal course of business that expose us to off-balance sheet risk, which are described in Note 15 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Contractual Obligations and Contingent Payments

Legg Mason has contractual obligations to make future payments in connection with our long-term debt and non-cancelable lease agreements. In addition, as described in Liquidity and Capital Resources above, we expect to make contingent payments under business purchase agreements. See Notes 2, 7, 8 and 9 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional disclosures related to our commitments.

 

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The following table sets forth these contractual and contingent obligations by fiscal year:

 

Contractual and Contingent Obligations at March 31, 2004

(In millions)    2005    2006    2007    2008    2009    Thereafter    Total

Contractual Obligations

                                                

Long-term borrowings by contract maturity(a)

   $    $ 378.9    $    $    $ 425.0    $    $ 803.9

Coupon interest on long-term borrowings

     35.2      31.9      28.7      28.7      14.3           138.8

Minimum rental commitments

     66.8      56.4