10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 

(Mark One)

 

x    ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003

 

OR

¨    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to             .

 

Commission file number: 001-14837

 


 

QUICKSILVER RESOURCES INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   75-2756163

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

777 West Rosedale, Suite 300,

Fort Worth, Texas 76104

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (817) 665-5000

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class


 

Name of each exchange

on which registered


Common Stock, par value

$0.01 per share

  New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12 (g) of the Act:     None

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2). Yes x No ¨

 

As of June 30, 2003, the aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of Quicksilver Resources Inc. was approximately $259,901,376 based on the New York Stock Exchange composite trading closing price of $23.95 on June 30, 2003, and using the definition of beneficial ownership contained in Rule 16a-1(a) (2) promulgated pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

 

As of March 1, 2004, 24,821,406 shares of common stock of Quicksilver Resources Inc. were outstanding.

 

Documents incorporated by reference: Proxy statement of the registrant relating to the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on May 18, 2004 which is incorporated into Part III of this Form 10-K.

 



Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

INDEX TO ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

For the Year Ended December 31, 2003

 

PART I

ITEM  1.        Business

   3

ITEM  2.        Properties

   19

ITEM  3.        Legal Proceedings

   25

ITEM  4.        Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   25

PART II

    

ITEM  5.        Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters

   26

ITEM  6.        Selected Financial Data

   26

ITEM  7.        Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   27

ITEM  7A.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   43

ITEM  8.        Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   47

ITEM  9.        Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   84

ITEM  9A.     Controls and Procedures

   84

PART III

    

ITEM  10.      Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   86

ITEM  11.      Executive Compensation

   86

ITEM  12.      Security Ownership of Certain Management and Beneficial Owners

   86

ITEM  13.      Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

   86

ITEM  14.      Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   86

PART IV

    

ITEM  15.      Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K

   87

Signatures

   90

 

 

Except as otherwise specified and unless the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” “Quicksilver,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Quicksilver Resources Inc. and its subsidiaries.

 

Quantities of natural gas are expressed in this report in terms of thousand cubic feet (“Mcf”), million cubic feet (“MMcf”) or billion cubic feet (“Bcf”). Crude oil and natural gas liquids are quantified in terms of barrels (“Bbl”), thousands of barrels (“MBbl”) or millions of barrels (“MMBbl”). Crude oil and natural gas liquids are compared to natural gas in terms of thousands of cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (“Mcfe”), millions of cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (“MMcfe”) or billions of cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (“Bcfe”). One barrel of crude oil or natural gas liquids is the energy equivalent of six Mcf of natural gas. Natural gas volumes also may be expressed in terms of one million British thermal units (“MMBtu”), which is approximately equal to one Mcf. Daily natural gas and crude oil production is signified by the addition of the letter “d” to the end of the terms defined above. With respect to information relating to working interests in wells or acreage, “net” natural gas and crude oil wells or acreage is determined by multiplying gross wells or acreage by the working interest we own. Unless otherwise specified, all reference to wells and acres are gross.

 

2


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

PART I

 

ITEM 1.    Business

 

We are an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration, acquisition, development, production and sale of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids (“NGLs”) primarily from unconventional reservoirs such as fractured shales, coal beds and tight sands. Mercury Exploration Company (“Mercury”), which made significant contributions of properties to us at the time of our formation, was founded by Frank Darden in 1963 to explore and develop conventional oil and gas properties in the United States. We are a Delaware corporation and became a public company in 1999 through a merger with MSR Exploration Ltd. (“MSR”). The Darden family, including Mercury and another entity controlled by the Dardens, still retains a significant ownership position in us, with approximately 38% beneficial ownership as of December 31, 2003. Thomas Darden, Glenn Darden and Anne Darden Self serve on our Board of Directors along with five independent directors. Thomas Darden is Chairman of our Board, Glenn Darden is our President and Chief Executive Officer and Anne Darden Self is our Vice President-Human Resources.

 

Our operations are concentrated in Michigan, Indiana, the Rocky Mountains and the Canadian province of Alberta. At December 31, 2003, we had estimated proved reserves of 881 Bcfe. Approximately 90% of our reserves were natural gas, 81% were classified as proved developed and we operated approximately 73% of our reserves. Approximately 70% of our estimated proved reserves are located in Michigan and are characterized by long reserve lives and predictable well production profiles. For 2004, our focus will be the exploration and development of coal bed methane reserves in Alberta, Canada. We believe that much of our future growth will be through exploration and development of our interests in these Canadian coal bed methane projects. Our newest acreage position is located in North Central Texas where we will be testing and evaluating the Barnett Shale formation during 2004.

 

We intend to maintain an active capital spending program that will be focused primarily on the continued development and exploitation of our properties in Michigan and Indiana, as well as development and exploratory spending in support of our coal bed methane operations in Canada. For 2004, we have established a company-wide capital budget of $157 million of which approximately $45 million will be allocated for compression and gathering systems. In geographic terms, we anticipate that 43% of the total capital budget will be allocated to our United States operations and 57% will be allocated to our Canadian operations.

 

The following table presents information regarding our primary areas of operation as of December 31, 2003:

 

Areas of Operations


    

Proved
Reserves

(Bcfe)


     %
Natural
Gas


   

% Proved

Developed


   

2003

Production

(MMcfed)


Michigan

     619.7      95 %        89 %   92.2

Canada

     146.6      100 %   57 %   8.0

Indiana

     48.4         100 %   76 %   2.4

Other

     66.0      8 %   64 %   7.5
      
    

 

 

Total

     880.7      90 %   81 %   110.1

 

Several important transactions have provided the basis for our growth. On December 2, 2002, we purchased from Enogex Exploration Corporation its interests in natural gas properties located in Michigan, most of which we have operated and continue to operate. We acquired approximately 64.2 Bcfe of estimated proved reserves for approximately $32.0 million ($28.7 million after closing adjustments). The purchased interests added production of approximately 8.4 MMcfd of natural gas. We financed the acquisition with available cash and existing credit facilities.

 

We conduct our Canadian operations through our wholly owned subsidiary, MGV Energy Inc. (“MGV”). Shortly after we completed our acquisition of MGV in 2000, we entered into a joint venture with EnCana

 

3


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Corporation to explore for coal bed methane (“CBM”) reserves on an area of over three million acres of land. In January 2003, MGV entered into an asset rationalization agreement with EnCana to divide the assets and rights subject to the joint venture and allow us to pursue independent operations. As a result of the agreement, MGV received an interest or an option to drill and earn in approximately 667,000 acres of Alberta land where we are conducting a variety of CBM projects. MGV acquired an additional 50% working interest in 76,800 acres in the Wood River area south of Edmonton, Alberta in January 2004 for $5.4 million from Ice Energy Limited. As a result, MGV now owns a 100% working interest in these lands.

 

Net gas sales from our initial CBM development projects, in the Gayford and Beiseker areas of the West Palliser block plus several single-well tie-ins outside the West Palliser block, averaged 5.8 MMcfd in 2003. By year-end, production from our CBM projects was 16 MMcfd. Negligible water volumes have been experienced in these areas, precluding the need for water handling facilities. We have connected these wells into existing infrastructure and pipeline systems to assure the control and priority of natural gas sales. As of December 31, 2003, we have 131.3 Bcf of proved reserves from our CBM projects in addition to 15.3 Bcf of proved reserves from our other Canadian natural gas interests.

 

Our 12-mile Cardinal Pipeline was placed into service at the end of September 2003. The Cardinal Pipeline transports our Indiana production to an interstate pipeline market in Kentucky. Including sales to a local end-user, we are now selling approximately 5.7 MMcfd, net from the New Albany shale production area. Including the 90 wells drilled and the 35 wells acquired from Aurora Energy Ltd. (“Aurora”) in 2003, we have 190 total wells and 48.4 Bcf of proved reserves from our New Albany shale area. Production from approximately 24 of the 35 non-producing wells acquired from Aurora, located in north Harrison County, is expected to be reestablished in the first quarter of 2004.

 

Business Strategy

 

Our business strategy is designed to achieve our principal objectives of growth in reserves, production and cash flow to increase stockholder value. Key elements of our business strategy include:

 

Focus on Unconventional Natural Gas Reserves. We focus our exploration and development efforts on unconventional natural gas reservoirs. Unconventional reservoirs such as natural gas produced from fractured shales, coal beds and tight sands will not produce at commercial flow rates unless the formation is successfully stimulated with fracturing. The majority of our Michigan production is from the Antrim Shale where we, and Mercury prior to our formation, have been active drillers and producers for over twelve years. Our Antrim Shale activities have allowed us to develop a technical and operational expertise in the acquisition, development and production of unconventional natural gas reserves. Our Canadian CBM and Indiana New Albany Shale projects represent an extension of our expertise in unconventional natural gas reserves.

 

Low-Cost Development of Existing Property Base. We attempt to increase production and reserves through aggressive management of operations and relatively low-risk development drilling. From 2001 to 2003, our all-sources finding cost was $0.77 per Mcfe computed by dividing exploration, development and acquisition capital expenditures, plus unevaluated expenditures as of December 31, 2000, less unevaluated expenditures as of December 31, 2003, by net reserve additions for the periods 2001 to 2003. Our principal properties possess geological and reservoir characteristics that make them well suited for production increases through exploitation activities and development drilling. We perform workovers and infrastructure improvement projects to reduce operating costs and increase current and ultimate production. We regularly review operations and mechanical data on operated properties to determine if additional actions can profitably be taken to increase reserves and production.

 

Pursuit of Selective Complementary Acquisitions. We seek to acquire long-lived producing properties with a high degree of operating control that contain opportunities to profitably increase natural gas and crude oil

 

4


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

reserves and production levels through exploitation. Our reservoir enhancement techniques include the implementation of technically advanced reservoir management and aggressive cost management of field operations. We target acreage that we believe will expose us to high potential prospects located in areas that are geologically similar to neighboring areas with large developed fields. Consistent with our primary operating strategy, our acquisition focus is on unconventional reserves, including additional interests in properties we currently operate. Our significant operating position in Michigan uniquely positions us for further consolidation in that state through acquisitions that would provide additional economies of scale.

 

Management of Commodity Price Risk. We are focused on growing our oil and gas operations while seeking to minimize the effect of commodity price swings on net income and cash flow from operations. Our commodity price risk management strategy helps to ensure a predictable base level of cash flow, which enhances our ability to execute our drilling and exploitation programs, meet debt service requirements and pursue acquisition opportunities despite price fluctuations. To help ensure a level of predictability in the prices received for our natural gas and crude oil production, we have entered into natural gas sales contracts with price floors and natural gas and crude oil financial hedges. The sales contracts and financial hedges currently in effect covered approximately 71% and 73% of our daily natural gas and crude oil production, respectively, or 69% of our total daily production, for the fourth quarter of 2003. As our fixed price natural gas hedges terminate in 2004 and 2005, we expect to modify our hedging programs. We anticipate that those programs will make use of hedges with terms generally no longer than 12 to 18 months and that allow us to realize a portion of any market increases in natural gas or crude oil prices over their term.

 

Participation in Exploratory Drilling Projects. We will continue to focus the bulk of our activities on lower risk exploitation activity and development drilling, including future activities in Canada. However, we are allocating approximately 17% of 2004 capital expenditures to target high potential projects with higher levels of financial risk. These projects include additional exploratory drilling in Canada, testing and evaluating the Barnett Shale formation in North Central Texas, and pursuing additional leasehold acquisitions and joint venture opportunities aimed at providing us with opportunities to explore for unconventional gas, including fractured shales, coal beds and tight sands, to which our technical and operational expertise is well suited.

 

Marketing

 

Through December 2003, the natural gas produced from our domestic properties was marketed for us by Cinnabar Energy Services & Trading, LLC, our wholly-owned subsidiary, under long-term sales contracts and short-term wholesale spot market sales. Cinnabar also bought natural gas from and provided marketing services for third party producers. Of the total natural gas volumes marketed by Cinnabar, approximately 83% was attributable to natural gas production from leases in which Quicksilver owns an interest with the remainder produced from leases where we have no ownership interest. Cinnabar ceased its operations as of January 1, 2004.

 

We sell natural gas and crude oil to a variety of customers, including utilities, major oil and gas companies or their affiliates, industrial companies, large trading and energy marketing companies, refineries and other users of petroleum products, and we are not dependent upon one purchaser or a small group of purchasers. Accordingly, the loss of a single purchaser in areas in which we sell natural gas or crude oil would not materially affect our sales. During 2003, the two largest purchasers of our total consolidated natural gas and crude oil sales were Sempra Energy and CoEnergy Trading Company.

 

Competition

 

We encounter substantial competition in acquiring oil and gas leases and properties, marketing natural gas and crude oil, securing personnel and conducting our drilling and field operations. Many competitors have financial and other resources, which substantially exceed ours. The competitors in development, exploration, acquisitions and production include the major oil and gas companies as well as numerous independents and individual proprietors. Resources of our competitors may enable them to pay more for desirable leases and to evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties or prospects. Our ability to replace and expand our

 

5


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

reserve base is dependent upon our ability to select and acquire suitable producing properties and prospects for future drilling.

 

Our acquisitions have been financed primarily through the issuance of debt and equity and internally generated cash flow. There is competition for capital to finance oil and gas acquisitions and drilling. Our ability to obtain such financing is uncertain and can be affected by numerous factors beyond our control. The inability to raise capital in the future could have an adverse effect on our business.

 

Governmental Regulation

 

Our operations are affected from time to time in varying degrees by political developments and United States and Canadian federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations. In particular, natural gas and crude oil production and related operations are, or have been, subject to price controls, taxes and other laws and regulations relating to the industry. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations can result in substantial penalties. The regulatory burden on the industry increases our cost of doing business and affects our profitability. Although we believe we are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, such laws and regulations are frequently amended or reinterpreted so we are unable to predict the future cost or impact of complying with such laws and regulations.

 

Environmental Matters

 

Our natural gas and crude oil exploration, development, production and pipeline gathering operations are subject to stringent United States and Canadian federal, state, provincial and local laws governing the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to environmental protection. Numerous governmental agencies, such as the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), issue regulations to implement and enforce such laws, and compliance is often difficult and costly. Failure to comply may result in substantial costs and expenses, including possible civil and criminal penalties. These laws and regulations may:

 

    require the acquisition of a permit before drilling commences;

 

    restrict the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with drilling, production, processing and pipeline gathering activities;

 

    limit or prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands, frontier and other protected areas;

 

    require remedial action to prevent pollution from former operations such as plugging abandoned wells; and

 

    impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from operations.

 

In addition, these laws, rules and regulations may restrict the rate of natural gas and crude oil production below the rate that would otherwise exist. The regulatory burden on the industry increases the cost of doing business and consequently affects our profitability. Changes in environmental laws and regulations occur frequently, and any changes that result in more stringent and costly waste handling, disposal or clean-up requirements could adversely affect our operations and financial position, as well as the industry in general. While we believe that we are in substantial compliance with current applicable environmental laws and regulations, and we have not experienced any materially adverse effect from compliance with these environmental requirements, we cannot assure you that this will continue in the future.

 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), also known as the “Superfund” law, imposes liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of a “hazardous substance” into the environment. These persons include the present or past owners or operators of the disposal site or sites where the

 

6


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

release occurred and the companies that transported or arranged for the disposal of the hazardous substances at the site where the release occurred. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to joint and several liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. It is not uncommon for neighboring landowners and other third parties to file claims for personal injury and property damages allegedly caused by the release of hazardous substances or other pollutants into the environment. Furthermore, although petroleum, including natural gas and crude oil, is exempt from CERCLA, at least two courts have ruled that certain wastes associated with the production of crude oil may be classified as “hazardous substances” under CERCLA and thus such wastes may become subject to liability and regulation under CERCLA. State initiatives to further regulate the disposal of crude oil and natural gas wastes are also pending in certain states, and these various initiatives could have adverse impacts on us.

 

Stricter standards in environmental legislation may be imposed on the industry in the future. For instance, legislation has been proposed in Congress from time to time that would reclassify certain exploration and production wastes as “hazardous wastes” and make the reclassified wastes subject to more stringent handling, disposal and clean-up restrictions. If such legislation were to be enacted, it could have a significant impact on our operating costs, as well as on the industry in general. Compliance with environmental requirements generally could have a materially adverse effect upon our capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position. Although we have not experienced any materially adverse effect from compliance with environmental requirements, we cannot assure you that this will continue in the future.

 

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act (“FWPCA”) imposes restrictions and strict controls regarding the discharge of produced waters and other petroleum wastes into navigable waters. Permits must be obtained to discharge pollutants into state and federal waters. The FWPCA and analogous state laws provide for civil, criminal and administrative penalties for any unauthorized discharges of crude oil and other hazardous substances in reportable quantities and may impose substantial potential liability for the costs of removal, remediation and damages. Federal effluent limitations guidelines prohibit the discharge of produced water and sand, and some other substances related to the natural gas and crude oil industry, into coastal waters. Although the costs to comply with zero discharge mandated under federal or state law may be significant, the entire industry will experience similar costs and we believe that these costs will not have a materially adverse impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Some oil and gas exploration and production facilities are required to obtain permits for their storm water discharges. Costs may be incurred in connection with treatment of wastewater or developing storm water pollution prevention plans.

 

The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”), generally does not regulate most wastes generated by the exploration and production of natural gas and crude oil. RCRA specifically excludes from the definition of hazardous waste “drilling fluids, produced waters, and other wastes associated with the exploration, development, or production of crude oil, natural gas or geothermal energy.” However, these wastes may be regulated by the EPA or state agencies as solid waste. Moreover, ordinary industrial wastes, such as paint wastes, waste solvents, laboratory wastes and waste compressor oils, are regulated as hazardous wastes. Although the costs of managing solid hazardous waste may be significant, we do not expect to experience more burdensome costs than would be borne by similarly situated companies in the industry.

 

In addition, the U.S. Oil Pollution Act (“OPA”) requires owners and operators of facilities that could be the source of an oil spill into “waters of the United States,” a term defined to include rivers, creeks, wetlands and coastal waters, to adopt and implement plans and procedures to prevent any spill of oil into any waters of the United States. OPA also requires affected facility owners and operators to demonstrate that they have at least $35 million in financial resources to pay for the costs of cleaning up an oil spill and compensating any parties damaged by an oil spill. Substantial civil and criminal fines and penalties can be imposed for violations of OPA and other environmental statutes.

 

In Canada, the oil and gas industry is currently subject to environmental regulation pursuant to provincial and federal legislation. Environmental legislation provides for restrictions and prohibitions on releases or

 

7


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

emissions of various substances produced or utilized in association with certain oil and gas industry operations. In addition, legislation requires that well and facility sites be constructed, abandoned and reclaimed to the satisfaction of provincial authorities. A breach of such legislation may result in substantial cash expenses, including possible fines and penalties.

 

In Alberta, environmental compliance has been governed by the Alberta Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act (“AEPEA”) since September 1, 1993. AEPEA imposes environmental responsibilities on oil and gas operators in Alberta and also imposes penalties for violations.

 

Employees

 

As of March 1, 2004, we had 290 full time employees and 11 part time employees. There are no collective bargaining agreements in effect.

 

Executive Officers

 

The following information is provided with respect to our officers.

 

Name


  

Age


  

Position(s) Held With Quicksilver


Thomas F. Darden

   50    Chairman of the Board

Glenn Darden

   48    President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Bill Lamkin

   58    Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Jeff Cook

   47    Senior Vice President—Operations

Mark D. Whitley

   52    Vice-President—Operations

Robert N. Wagner

   40    Vice-President—Reserves Group

D. Wayne Blair

   47    Vice President and Controller

John C. Cirone

   53    Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

Anne Darden Self

   46    Vice President—Human Resources and Director

J. Michael Gatens

   45    Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer—MGV Energy Inc.

George W. Voneiff

   42    President and Chief Operating Officer—MGV Energy Inc.

MarLu Hiller

   41    Treasurer

 

The following biographies describe the business experience of our executive officers and the other officers named above.

 

THOMAS F. DARDEN has served on our Board of Directors since December 1997. He also served at that time as President of Mercury Exploration Company. During his term as President of Mercury, Mercury developed and acquired interests in over 1,200 producing wells in Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Wyoming, Montana, New Mexico and Texas. Mr. Darden graduated from Tulane University with a BA in Economics in 1975. Prior to joining us, Mr. Darden was employed by Mercury or its parent corporation, Mercury Production Company, for 22 years. He became a director and the President of MSR on March 7, 1997. On January 1, 1998, he was named Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of MSR. He was elected our President when we were formed and then Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer on March 4, 1999, the date of our acquisition of MSR. He served as our Chief Executive Officer until November 1999.

 

GLENN DARDEN has served on our Board of Directors since December 1997. Prior to that time, he served with Mercury for 18 years, and for the last five of those 18 years was the Executive Vice President of Mercury. Prior to working for Mercury, Mr. Darden worked as a geologist for Mitchell Energy Corporation. He graduated from Tulane University in 1979 with a BA in Earth Sciences. Mr. Darden became a director and Vice President of MSR on March 7, 1997, and was named President and Chief Operating Officer of MSR on

 

8


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

January 1, 1998. He served as our Vice-President until he was elected President and Chief Operating Officer on March 4, 1999. Mr. Darden became our Chief Executive Officer in November 1999.

 

BILL LAMKIN is a Certified Management Accountant and a Certified Cash Manager with over 20 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. He graduated from Texas Wesleyan University with a BBA in Accounting in 1968. He served as Controller/Chief Financial Officer at Whittaker Corporation and Sargeant Industries, Inc. between 1970 and 1978. He worked as Treasurer, Controller, and Director of Financial Services at Union Pacific Resources from 1978 until he became our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer when he joined us in June 1999.

 

JEFF COOK became our Senior Vice President-Operations in July 2000. From 1979 to 1981, he held the position of operations supervisor with Western Company of North America. In 1981, he became a District Production Superintendent for Mercury and became Vice President of Operations in 1991 and Executive Vice President in 1998 before joining us. Mr. Cook graduated from Texas Christian University with a BA in Finance in 1979.

 

MARK D. WHITLEY became our Vice President-Operations in August 2003. He has more than 28 years of oil and gas production and operations experience including 20 years with Mitchell Energy Company LP prior to its 2002 merger with Devon Energy. While at Devon, Mr. Whitley directed the production and operations activity in the exploration of the Fort Worth Basin’s Barnett Shale gas play. He graduated with a MS in chemical engineering from the University of Kentucky in 1979 after receiving his undergraduate degree from Worcester Polytechnic Institute.

 

ROBERT N. WAGNER was named as our Vice President-Reserves Group in December 2002. He had served as our Vice President-Engineering since July 1999. From January 1999 to July 1999, he was our manager of eastern region field operations. From November 1995 to January 1999, Mr. Wagner held the position of district engineer with Mercury. Prior to 1995, he was with Mesa, Inc. for over eight years and served as both drilling engineer and production engineer. Mr. Wagner received a BS in Petroleum Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in Golden, Colorado in 1986.

 

D. WAYNE BLAIR is a Certified Public Accountant with over 20 years of experience in the oil and gas industry. He graduated from Texas A&M University in 1979 with a BBA in Accounting. He was employed by Sabine Corporation from 1980 through 1988 where he held the position of Assistant Controller. From 1988 through 1994, he served as Controller for a group of private businesses involved in the oil and gas industry. Prior to joining us in April 2000, he was the Controller for Mercury.

 

JOHN C. CIRONE was named as our Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary on July 1, 2002. He graduated from St. Louis University School of Law in 1974 and was employed by Union Pacific Resources from 1978 to 2000. During that time, he served in various positions in the Law Department and from 1997 to 2000 he was the Manager of Land and Negotiations. In 2000, he was promoted to the position of Assistant General Counsel of Union Pacific Resources. After leaving Union Pacific Resources in August 2000, Mr. Cirone was engaged in the private practice of law prior to joining us.

 

ANNE DARDEN SELF has served on our board of directors since September 1999, and she became our Vice President-Human Resources in July 2000. She is also currently President of Mercury, where she has worked since 1992. From 1988 to 1991, she was with Banc PLUS Savings Association in Houston, Texas. She was employed as Marketing Director and then spent three years as Vice President of Human Resources. She worked from 1987 to 1988 as an Account Executive for NW Ayer Advertising Agency. Prior to 1987, she spent several years in real estate management. She attended Sweet Briar College and graduated from the University of Texas in Austin in 1980 with a BA in history.

 

9


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

J. MICHAEL GATENS is Chairman/CEO of MGV Energy Inc., which he co-founded in September 1997 in Calgary, Alberta. MGV became a wholly owned subsidiary of Quicksilver Resources Inc. in December 2000. Mr. Gatens is also Chairman of the Canadian Society for Unconventional Gas, and is MGV’s liaison with the Coal Association of Canada and the Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers. Prior to starting MGV in 1997, he worked for S.A. Holditch & Associates, Inc. for 15 years, leaving as Director and Vice President of the Eastern Division in Pittsburgh. Mr. Gatens received BS and MS degrees in Petroleum Engineering from Texas A&M University in 1980 and 1987.

 

GEORGE W. VONEIFF co-founded MGV Energy Inc. in Calgary, Alberta in September 1997 to pursue unconventional gas opportunities, primarily in Western Canada. MGV became a wholly owned subsidiary of Quicksilver Resources Inc. in December 2000 and Mr. Voneiff continued in his role as President/COO. Prior to founding MGV, he was with the petroleum consulting firm S.A. Holditch & Associates, Inc. from 1991 to 1997 and worked for Enserch Exploration Inc. from 1984 to 1990. Mr. Voneiff received BS and MS degrees in Petroleum Engineering from Texas A&M University in 1983 and 1991.

 

MARLU HILLER is a Certified Public Accountant with over 15 years of experience in public and oil and gas accounting. She graduated from Baylor University with a BBA in Accounting in 1985, and was with Ernst & Young for three years before joining Union Pacific Resources. At Union Pacific Resources, she served in various capacities, including financial reporting, financial system implementations, and manager of accounting for Union Pacific Fuels, which was Union Pacific Resources’ marketing company. Ms. Hiller joined us in August of 1999 as Director of Financial Reporting and Planning and was named Treasurer in May of 2000.

 

Risk Factors

 

You should be aware that the occurrence of any of the events described in this Risk Factors section and elsewhere in this annual report or in any other of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial position, liquidity and results of operations. In evaluating us, you should consider carefully, among other things, the factors and the specific risks set forth below, and in documents we incorporate by reference. This annual report contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties.

 

Because we have a limited operating history, our future operating results are difficult to forecast, and our failure to sustain profitability in the future could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

Although our predecessors operated for years in the oil and gas industry prior to our formation, we began operations in 1998, and have a limited operating history in our current form upon which you may base your evaluation of our performance. As a result of our recent formation and our brief operating history, the operating results from the properties contributed by Mercury and others to us when we were formed may not indicate what our future results will be. We cannot assure you that we will maintain the current level of revenues, natural gas and crude oil reserves or production we now attribute to the properties contributed to us when we were formed and those acquired since our formation. Any future growth of our natural gas and crude oil reserves, production and operations could place significant demands on our financial, operational and administrative resources. Our failure to sustain profitability in the future could adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

Natural gas and crude oil prices fluctuate widely, and low prices could have a material adverse impact on our business.

 

Our revenues, profitability and future growth depend in part on prevailing natural gas and crude oil prices. Prices also affect the amount of cash flow available for capital expenditures and our ability to borrow and raise additional capital. The amount we can borrow under our credit facility is subject to periodic redetermination based in part on changing expectations of future prices. Lower prices may also reduce the amount of natural gas and crude oil that we can economically produce.

 

10


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

While prices for natural gas and crude oil may be favorable at any point in time, they fluctuate widely. For example, the wholesale price of natural gas rose from approximately $2.00 per thousand cubic feet in January of 2002 to over $10.00 in February of 2003. Among the factors that can cause this fluctuation are:

 

    the level of consumer product demand;

 

    weather conditions;

 

    domestic and foreign governmental regulations;

 

    the price and availability of alternative fuels;

 

    political conditions in oil and gas producing regions;

 

    the domestic and foreign supply of oil and gas;

 

    the price of foreign imports; and

 

    overall economic conditions.

 

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The reported financial results and disclosures were developed using certain significant accounting policies, practices and estimates, which are discussed in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section in this annual report. We employ the full cost method of accounting whereby all costs associated with acquiring, exploring for, and developing natural gas and crude oil reserves are capitalized and accumulated in separate country cost centers. These capitalized costs are amortized based on production from the reserves for each country cost center. Each capitalized cost pool cannot exceed the net present value of the underlying natural gas and crude oil reserves. A write down of these capitalized costs could be required if natural gas and/or crude oil prices were to drop precipitously at a reporting period end. Future price declines or increased operating and capitalized costs without incremental increases in natural gas and crude oil reserves could require us to record a write down.

 

Reserve estimates depend on many assumptions that may turn out to be inaccurate and any material inaccuracies in these reserve estimates or underlying assumptions may materially affect the quantities and present value of our reserves.

 

The process of estimating natural gas and crude oil reserves is complex. It requires interpretations of available technical data and various assumptions, including assumptions relating to economic factors. Any significant inaccuracies in these interpretations or assumptions could materially affect the estimated quantities and present value of reserves disclosed in this annual report.

 

In order to prepare these estimates, we and independent reserve engineers engaged by us must project production rates and timing of development expenditures. We and the engineers must also analyze available geological, geophysical, production and engineering data, and the extent, quality and reliability of this data can vary. The process also requires economic assumptions such as natural gas and crude oil prices, drilling and operating expenses, capital expenditures, taxes and availability of funds. Therefore, estimates of natural gas and crude oil reserves are inherently imprecise.

 

Actual future production, natural gas and crude oil prices, revenues, taxes, development expenditures, operating expenses and quantities of recoverable natural gas and crude oil reserves most likely will vary from our estimates. Any significant variance could materially affect the estimated quantities and present value of reserves disclosed in this annual report. In addition, we may adjust estimates of proved reserves to reflect production history, results of exploration and development, prevailing natural gas and crude oil prices and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

 

At December 31, 2003, approximately 19% of our estimated proved reserves were undeveloped. Undeveloped reserves, by their nature, are less certain. Recovery of undeveloped reserves requires significant

 

11


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

capital expenditures and successful drilling operations. Our reserve data assumes that we will make significant capital expenditures to develop our reserves. Although we have prepared estimates of our natural gas and crude oil reserves and the costs associated with these reserves in accordance with industry standards, we cannot assure you that the estimated costs are accurate, that development will occur as scheduled or that the actual results will be as estimated.

 

You should not assume that the present value of future net revenues referred to in this annual report is the current market value of our estimated natural gas and crude oil reserves. In accordance with SEC requirements, the estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves are generally based on prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. Actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower than the prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. Any changes in consumption by natural gas and crude oil purchasers or in governmental regulations or taxation will also affect actual future net cash flows. The timing of both the production and the expenses from the development and production of natural gas and crude oil properties will affect the timing of actual future net cash flows from proved reserves and their present value. In addition, the 10% discount factor, which is required by the SEC to be used in calculating discounted future net cash flows for reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most accurate discount factor. The effective interest rate at various times and the risks associated with us or the oil and gas industry in general will affect the accuracy of the 10% discount factor.

 

Our key assets are concentrated in a small geographic area.

 

Approximately 53% of our 2003 production was from the Antrim Shale formation in Michigan. An additional 31% was also located in Michigan. Because of this geographic concentration, any regional events that increase costs, reduce availability of equipment or supplies, reduce demand or limit production, including weather and natural disasters, may impact us more than if our operations were more geographically diversified.

 

If our production level was significantly reduced or limited below the amounts for which we have entered into contractual deliveries, we would be required to purchase natural gas at market prices to fulfill our obligation under the sales contracts. This could adversely affect our cash flow to the extent any such shortfall related to our sales contracts with floor pricing.

 

Our Canadian operations present unique risks and uncertainties, different from or in addition to those we face in our domestic operations.

 

Through MGV, we have entered into joint ventures with other companies to explore for and develop CBM reserves on lands in southern Alberta. MGV shares exploratory and evaluation costs with its joint venture partners. As a result of MGV’s exploration activities to date, we estimate our proved CBM reserves to be 131.3 Bcf. We expect MGV to accelerate its scheduled activities, expand into other areas and increase its capital expenditures. Capital expenditures relating to MGV’s operations are budgeted to be approximately $89 million in 2004, constituting approximately 57% of our total budgeted capital expenditures.

 

If our revenues decrease as a result of lower natural gas or crude oil prices or otherwise, we may have limited ability to maintain this level of capital expenditures. In the event additional capital resources are unavailable to us, we may curtail our acquisition, development drilling and other activities outside of Canada in order to keep pace with Canadian drilling activities. While initial results indicate that net recoverable reserves on CBM lands could be substantial, we can offer you no assurance that development will occur as scheduled or that actual results will be in accordance with estimates.

 

Other risks of our operations in Canada include, among other things, increases in taxes and governmental royalties, changes in laws and policies governing operations of foreign-based companies, currency restrictions and exchange rate fluctuations. Laws and policies of the United States affecting foreign trade and taxation may also adversely affect our Canadian operations.

 

12


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

We may have difficulty financing our planned growth.

 

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience substantial capital expenditure and working capital needs, particularly as a result of our property acquisition and drilling activities. In the future, we will most likely require additional financing in addition to cash generated from our operations to fund our planned growth. If revenues decrease as a result of lower natural gas or crude oil prices or otherwise, we may have limited ability to expend the capital necessary to replace our reserves or to maintain production at current levels, resulting in a decrease in production over time. If our cash flow from operations is not sufficient to satisfy our capital expenditure requirements, we cannot be certain that additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all. In the event additional capital resources are unavailable, we may curtail our acquisition, development drilling and other activities or be forced to sell some of our assets on an untimely or unfavorable basis.

 

We are vulnerable to operational hazards, transportation dependencies, regulatory risks and other uninsured risks associated with our activities.

 

The oil and gas business involves operating hazards such as well blowouts, explosions, uncontrollable flows of crude oil, natural gas or well fluids, fires, formations with abnormal pressures, pipeline ruptures or spills, pollution, releases of toxic gas and other environmental hazards and risks, any of which could cause us to experience substantial losses. Also, the availability of a ready market for our natural gas and crude oil production depends on the proximity of reserves to, and the capacity of, natural gas and crude oil gathering systems, pipelines and trucking or terminal facilities.

 

United States and Canadian federal, state and provincial regulation of oil and gas production and transportation, tax and energy policies, changes in supply and demand and general economic conditions all could adversely affect our ability to produce and market our natural gas and crude oil. In addition, we may be liable for environmental damage caused by previous owners of properties purchased or leased by us.

 

As a result of operating hazards, regulatory risks and other uninsured risks, we could incur substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities, the payment of which could reduce or eliminate funds available for exploration, development or acquisitions. According to customary industry practices, we maintain insurance against some, but not all, of such risks and losses. The occurrence of an event that is not covered, or not fully covered, by insurance could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, pollution and environmental risks generally are not fully insurable.

 

We may be unable to make additional acquisitions of producing properties or successfully integrate them into our operations.

 

Our growth in recent years has been due in significant part to acquisitions of producing properties. We expect to continue to evaluate and, where appropriate, pursue acquisition opportunities on terms our management considers to be favorable to us. We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify suitable acquisitions in the future, or that we will be able to finance these acquisitions on favorable terms or at all. In addition, we compete against other companies for acquisitions, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in the acquisition of any material property interests. Further, we cannot assure you that any future acquisitions that we make will be integrated successfully into our operations or will achieve desired profitability objectives.

 

The successful acquisition of producing properties requires an assessment of recoverable reserves, exploration potential, future natural gas and crude oil prices, operating costs, potential environmental and other liabilities and other factors beyond our control. These assessments are necessarily inexact and their accuracy inherently uncertain, and such a review may not reveal all existing or potential problems, nor will it necessarily permit us to become sufficiently familiar with the properties to fully assess their merits and deficiencies. Inspections may not always be performed on every well, and structural and environmental problems are not necessarily observable even when an inspection is undertaken.

 

 

13


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

In addition, significant acquisitions can change the nature of our operations and business depending upon the character of the acquired properties, which may be substantially different in operating and geological characteristics or geographic location than existing properties. While our current operations are located primarily in Michigan, Indiana, Montana, Wyoming and Alberta, Canada, we cannot assure you that we will not pursue acquisitions of properties in other locations.

 

The failure to replace our reserves could adversely affect our production and cash flows.

 

Our future success depends upon our ability to find, develop or acquire additional natural gas and crude oil reserves that are economically recoverable. Our proved reserves, which are primarily in the mature Michigan basin, will generally decline as reserves are depleted, except to the extent that we conduct successful exploration or development activities or acquire properties containing proved reserves, or both. In order to increase reserves and production, we must continue our development drilling and recompletion programs or undertake other replacement activities. Our current strategy is to maintain our focus on low-cost operations while increasing our reserve base, production and cash flow through development and exploration of our existing properties and acquisitions of producing properties where we can utilize our experience as a low-cost operator. We cannot assure you, however, that our planned development projects and acquisition activities will result in significant additional reserves or that we will have continuing success drilling productive wells at low finding and development costs. Furthermore, while our revenues may increase if prevailing natural gas and crude oil prices increase significantly, our finding costs for additional reserves also could increase.

 

We cannot control the activities on properties we do not operate.

 

Other companies operate properties that include approximately 27% of our proved reserves. As a result, we have a limited ability to exercise influence over operations for these properties or their associated costs. Our dependence on the operator and other working interest owners for these projects and our limited ability to influence operations and associated costs could materially adversely affect the realization of our targeted returns on capital in drilling or acquisition activities. As a result, the success and timing of our drilling and development activities on properties operated by others depend upon a number of factors that are outside of our control, including:

 

    timing and amount of capital expenditures;

 

    the operator’s expertise and financial resources;

 

    approval of other participants in drilling wells; and

 

    selection of technology.

 

We cannot control the operations of gas processing and transportation facilities we do not own or operate.

 

Other companies own processing plants and pipelines that deliver approximately 58% of our natural gas production to market in Michigan. As a result, we have no influence over the operation of these facilities and must depend upon the owners of these facilities to minimize any loss of processing and transportation capacity. This risk was highlighted in 2003 by the shutdown of CMS Energy Inc. and Michigan Consolidated Gas Co. processing plants in Michigan that resulted in an approximate 725 Mmcf decrease in our production for the year.

 

The loss of key personnel could adversely affect our ability to operate.

 

Our operations are dependent on a relatively small group of key management and technical personnel. We cannot assure you that these individuals will remain with us for the immediate or foreseeable future. The unexpected loss of the services of one or more of these individuals could have a detrimental effect on us.

 

14


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Competition in our industry is intense, and we are smaller and have a more limited operating history than most of our competitors.

 

We compete with major and independent oil and gas companies for property acquisitions. We also compete for the equipment and labor required to operate and develop these properties. Many of our competitors have substantially greater financial and other resources than we do. In addition, larger competitors may be able to absorb the burden of any changes in federal, state, provincial and local laws and regulations more easily than we can, which would adversely affect our competitive position. These competitors may be able to pay more for exploratory prospects and productive oil and gas properties and may be able to define, evaluate, bid for and purchase a greater number of properties and prospects than we can. Our ability to explore for oil and gas prospects and to acquire additional properties in the future will depend on our ability to conduct operations, to evaluate and select suitable properties and to complete transactions in this highly competitive environment. Furthermore, the oil and gas industry competes with other industries in supplying the energy and fuel needs of industrial, commercial, and other consumers.

 

Leverage materially affects our operations.

 

As of December 31, 2003, our long-term debt was $249.4 million, including $178.0 million outstanding under our bank credit facility, $70.0 million outstanding under our second lien notes and $1.4 million of other debt. Our borrowing base was $250 million and we had $70.5 million of available borrowing capacity under our bank credit facility. The borrowing base limitation on our credit facility is periodically redetermined. Scheduled redeterminations occur on May 1 and November 1 of each year. Our borrowing base is impacted by, among other factors, the fair value of our oil and gas reserves. Changes in the fair value of our oil and gas reserves are affected by prices for natural gas and crude oil, operating expenses and the results of our drilling activity. A significant decline in the fair value of our reserves could reduce our borrowing base. A borrowing base reduction could limit our ability to carry out our capital expenditure programs and possibly require the repayment of a portion of our current bank borrowings.

 

Our level of debt affects our operations in several important ways, including the following:

 

    a large portion of our cash flow from operations is used to pay interest on borrowings;

 

    the agreements governing our debt contain covenants that limit our ability to borrow additional funds or to dispose of assets;

 

    the covenants contained in the agreements governing our debt may affect our flexibility in planning for, and reacting to, changes in business conditions;

 

    a high level of debt may impair our ability to obtain additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, general corporate or other purposes;

 

    our leveraged financial position may make us more vulnerable to economic downturns and may limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures, despite our entry into long-term natural gas contracts with price floors and hedging arrangements to reduce our exposure;

 

    any debt that we incur under our bank credit facility will be at variable rates, making us vulnerable to increases in interest rates, to the extent those rates are not hedged; and

 

    a high level of debt will affect our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in market conditions.

 

In addition, we may significantly alter our capitalization in order to make future acquisitions or develop our properties. These changes in capitalization may significantly increase our level of debt. A higher level of debt increases the risk that we may default on our debt obligations. Our ability to meet debt obligations and to reduce our level of debt depends on our future performance. General economic conditions and financial, business and other factors affect our operations and our future performance. Many of these factors are beyond our control.

 

15


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

If we are unable to repay our debt as required out of cash on hand, we could attempt to refinance the debt or repay the debt with the proceeds of an equity offering. We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the principal or interest on our debt or that future borrowing or equity financing will be available to pay or refinance the debt. The terms of our debt may also prohibit us from taking these actions. Factors that will affect our ability to raise cash through an offering of our capital stock or a refinancing of our debt include financial market conditions and our market value and operations performance at the time of the offering or other financing. We cannot assure you that any offering or refinancing can be successfully completed. In the event additional capital resources are unavailable, we may curtail our acquisition, development drilling and other activities or be forced to sell some of our assets on an untimely or unfavorable basis.

 

Several companies have entered into purchase contracts with us for a significant portion of our production and if they default on these contracts, we could be materially and adversely affected.

 

Our long-term natural gas contracts, which extend through March 2009, accounted in 2003 for the sale of approximately 36% of our natural gas production and for a significant portion of our total revenues. We cannot assure you that the other parties to these contracts will continue to perform under the contracts. If the other parties were to default after taking delivery of our natural gas, it could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows for the period in which the default occurred. A default by the other parties prior to taking delivery of our natural gas could also have a material adverse effect on our cash flows for the period in which the default occurred depending on the prevailing market prices of natural gas at the time compared to the contractual prices.

 

Hedging our production may result in losses.

 

To reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the prices of natural gas and crude oil, we have entered into long-term natural gas and crude oil hedging arrangements. These hedging arrangements expose us to risk of financial loss in some circumstances, including the following:

 

    our production is materially less than expected; or

 

    the other parties to the hedging contracts fail to perform their contractual obligations.

 

In addition, these hedging arrangements may limit the benefit we would receive from increases in the prices for natural gas and crude oil in the following instances:

 

    there is a change in the expected difference between the underlying price in the hedging agreement and actual prices received; or

 

    a sudden unexpected event materially impacts natural gas or crude oil prices.

 

The result of natural gas and crude oil market prices exceeding our swap prices requires us to make payment for the settlement of our hedge derivatives on the fifth day of the production month for natural gas hedges and the fifth day after the production month for crude oil hedges. We do not receive market price cash payments from our customers until 25 to 60 days after the production month’s end. This could have a material adverse effect on our cash flows for the period between hedge settlement and payment for revenues earned.

 

If we choose not to engage in hedging arrangements in the future, we may be more adversely affected by changes in natural gas and crude oil prices than our competitors who engage in hedging arrangements.

 

Our activities are regulated by complex laws and regulations, including environmental regulations that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business.

 

Oil and gas operations are subject to various United States and Canadian federal, state, provincial and local government laws and regulations that may be changed from time to time in response to economic or political conditions. Matters that are typically regulated include:

 

    discharge permits for drilling operations;

 

16


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
    drilling bonds;

 

    reports concerning operations;

 

    spacing of wells;

 

    unitization and pooling of properties;

 

    environmental protection; and

 

    taxation.

 

From time to time, regulatory agencies have imposed price controls and limitations on production by restricting the rate of flow of oil and gas wells below actual production capacity to conserve supplies of natural gas and crude oil. We also are subject to changing and extensive tax laws, the effects of which cannot be predicted.

 

The development, production, handling, storage, transportation and disposal of natural gas and crude oil, by-products and other substances and materials produced or used in connection with oil and gas operations are also subject to laws and regulations primarily relating to protection of human health and the environment. The discharge of natural gas, crude oil or pollutants into the air, soil or water may give rise to significant liabilities on our part to the government and third parties and may result in the assessment of civil or criminal penalties or require us to incur substantial costs of remediation.

 

Legal and tax requirements frequently are changed and subject to interpretation, and we are unable to predict the ultimate cost of compliance with these requirements or their effect on our operations. We cannot assure you that existing laws or regulations, as currently interpreted or reinterpreted in the future, or future laws or regulations, will not materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

 

A small number of existing stockholders control our company, which could limit your ability to influence the outcome of stockholder votes.

 

Members of the Darden family, together with Mercury Exploration Company and Quicksilver Energy, L.P., companies primarily owned by the members of the Darden family, beneficially own on the date of this annual report approximately 38% of our common stock. As a result, these entities and individuals will generally be able to control the outcome of stockholder votes, including votes concerning the election of directors, the adoption or amendment of provisions in our charter or bylaws and the approval of mergers and other significant corporate transactions.

 

A large number of our outstanding shares and shares to be issued upon exercise of our outstanding options may be sold into the market in the future, which could cause the market price of our common stock to drop significantly, even if our business is doing well.

 

Our shares that are eligible for future sale may have an adverse effect on the price of our stock. There were 24,733,411 shares of our common stock outstanding at December 31, 2003, including 170,421 shares issuable upon exchange of exchangeable shares issued by MGV Energy Inc., one of our subsidiaries. Approximately 14,953,277 of these shares are freely tradable without substantial restriction or the requirement of future registration under the Securities Act of 1933. In addition, as of December 31, 2003 we had the following options outstanding to purchase shares of our common stock:

 

    Options to purchase 235,933 shares at $3.6875 per share;

 

    Options to purchase 208,333 shares at $7.125 per share;

 

    Options to purchase 33,352 shares at $9.80 per share;

 

    Options to purchase 49,723 shares at $16.04 per share;

 

17


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
    Options to purchase 9,800 shares at $16.50 per share;

 

    Options to purchase 42,385 shares at $17.02 per share;

 

    Options to purchase 29,620 shares at $22.08 per share; and

 

    Options to purchase 20,210 shares at $24.10 per share.

 

Sales of substantial amounts of common stock, or a perception that such sales could occur, and the existence of options to purchase shares of common stock at prices that may be below the then current market price of the common stock, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and could impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of our equity securities.

 

Our restated certificate of incorporation, our bylaws and our stockholder rights plan contain provisions that could discourage an acquisition or change of control without our board of directors’ approval.

 

Our restated certificate of incorporation and our bylaws contain provisions that could discourage an acquisition or change of control without our board of directors’ approval, such as:

 

    our board of directors is authorized to issue preferred stock without stockholder approval;

 

    our board of directors is classified; and

 

    advance notice is required for director nominations by stockholders and actions to be taken at annual meetings at the request of stockholders.

 

In addition, we have adopted a stockholder rights plan. The provisions, described above and the stockholder rights plan could impede a merger, consolidation, takeover or other business combination involving us or discourage a potential acquirer from making a tender offer or otherwise attempting to take control of us, even if that change of control might be beneficial to stockholders, thus increasing the likelihood that incumbent directors will retain their positions. In certain circumstances, the fact that corporate devices are in place that will inhibit or discourage takeover attempts could reduce the market value of our common stock.

 

Internet Website

 

We file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. Our SEC filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC’s web site at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the SEC’s public reference room in Washington, D.C. by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. In addition, we make available free of charge through our Internet website at http://www.qrinc.com, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the SEC.

 

Additionally, charters for the committees of our Board of Directors and our Corporate Governance Guidelines and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics can be found on our Internet website at http://www.qrinc.com under the heading “Corporate Governance.” Stockholders may request copies of these documents by writing to the Investor Relations Department at 777 West Rosedale Street, Suite 300, Fort Worth, Texas 76104.

 

18


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

ITEM 2.    Properties

 

We own significant natural gas and crude oil production interests in the following geographic areas:

 

Michigan

 

Producing Formation


    

Proved
Reserves

(Bcfe)


     % Gas

   

% Proved

Developed


   

2003

Production

(MMcfed)


Antrim Shale

     535.7         100 %        90 %     57.9

Non-Antrim

     84.0      65 %   84 %   34.3
      
    

 

 

All Formations

     619.7      95 %   89 %   92.2

 

Michigan has favorable natural gas supply/demand characteristics as the state has been importing an increasing percentage of its natural gas and currently imports approximately 75% of its demand. This supply/demand situation generally allows Michigan producers to sell their natural gas at a slight premium to typical industry benchmark prices.

 

The Antrim Shale underlies a large percentage of our Michigan acreage and is fairly homogeneous in terms of reservoir quality; wells tend to produce relatively predictable amounts of natural gas. While subsurface fracturing can increase reserves and production attributable to any particular well, the over 7,800 wells drilled in the trend and the approximately 841 wells we, including Mercury prior to our formation, have drilled suggest typical per well reserves of 400 MMcf to 800 MMcf and a total productive life of more than 20 years. As new wells produce and the de-watering process takes place, they tend to reach a production level of 125 Mcf to 200 Mcf per day in six to 12 months, remaining at these levels for one to two years, then declining at 8% to 10% per year thereafter. The total cost to drill and complete an Antrim well is approximately $175,000, including all acreage, production facilities and flow lines, and the wells tend to produce the best economic results when drilled in large numbers in a fairly concentrated area. This well concentration provides for a more rapid de-watering of a specific area, which decreases the time to natural gas production and increases the amount of natural gas production. It also enables us to maximize the use of existing production infrastructure, which decreases per unit operating costs. Since reserve quantities and production levels over a large number of wells are fairly predictable, maximizing per well recoveries and minimizing per unit production costs through a sizeable well-engineered drilling program are the keys to profitable Antrim development.

 

At December 31, 2003, we owned working interests in 2,927 Antrim wells and operated 50% of those wells. Since 1998, we have drilled 418 Antrim wells and successfully completed 412 for a success rate of 99%. We have 103 net identified Antrim drilling locations currently classified as proved undeveloped locations. In 2003, we drilled and successfully completed 54.7 (net) Antrim wells. For 2004, we have budgeted for the drilling of 51 (net) Antrim wells, including several horizontal wells.

 

Our Prairie du Chien (“PdC”) wells produce from several Ordovician age reservoirs with the majority being in the 1,000 feet to 1,200 feet thick PdC Group that has three major sands: the Lower PdC, Middle PdC and Upper PdC. Many of these wells also can produce from the St. Peter sandstone and the Glenwood formations, both of which lie directly above the PdC. Some of the wells are producing from two or more of these zones. Depending upon the area and the particular zone, the PdC will produce dry gas, gas and condensate or oil with associated gas. The average depths of these wells range from 7,000 feet to 12,000 feet.

 

Our PdC production is well established, and four development wells have been drilled in recent years to increase production from existing fields. There are numerous proved non-producing zones in existing well bores that provide recompletion opportunities, allowing us to maintain or, in some cases, increase production from our PdC wells as currently producing reservoirs deplete. We participated in one non-operated PdC well in 2003 and are currently drilling the second of two PdC wells in the Beaver Creek field. Production from the three wells is expected to commence in the first half of 2004.

 

19


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Our Richfield/Detroit River wells are located in Kalkaska and Crawford counties in the Garfield and Beaver Creek fields. The Garfield Richfield has seven wells producing under primary solution gas drive. Additional potential exists in the Garfield Richfield either by secondary waterflood and/or improved oil recovery with CO2 injection. The potential upside is under evaluation and has not been included in our booked reserves. The Beaver Creek Richfield is currently being waterflooded, with 96 producing wells and 58 water injection wells. The Richfield zone consists of seven dolomite reservoirs spread over a 200-foot interval.

 

The Detroit River Zone III (“DRZ3”) at Beaver Creek was the focus of one of our development programs in 2002. Lying approximately 200 feet above the Richfield, the DRZ3 is a six-foot dolomite zone that covers approximately 10,000 acres on the Beaver Creek structure. We began a Detroit River development program in the third quarter of 2002. As of December 31, 2003, 29 wells were producing. A processing plant and related facilities were completed in 2003 after production commenced in late 2002. Proved reserves associated with the DRZ3 development were reduced 1.4 MMBbl as a result of early disappointing production results. While there is the opportunity for improving production and proved reserve quantities, we have determined that our resources are better allocated to continued exploration and development of our many unconventional gas projects.

 

Our Niagaran wells produce from numerous Silurian-age Niagaran (dolomite/limestone) pinnacle reefs located in nine counties in Northern Michigan. The depth of these wells range from 3,400 feet to 7,800 feet with reservoir thickness from 300 feet to 600 feet. Depending upon the location of the specific reef in the pinnacle reef belt of the northern shelf area, the Niagaran reefs will produce dry gas, gas and condensate or oil with associated gas. As of December 31, 2003, we had 66 gross (30.2 net) Niagaran wells.

 

Indiana

 

We acquired a 100% working interest in 33 New Albany Shale producing wells in 2000. Included with the acquisition of these producing wells, we also acquired the eight-mile 12-inch GTG gas pipeline that runs from southern Indiana to northern Kentucky. We have drilled an additional 119 wells since 2000 and acquired 35 non-producing wells. The New Albany Shale is similar to the Michigan Antrim, as it has to be dewatered in order to produce desorbed methane gas. Typical reserves per well are estimated to be approximately 320 MMcf.

 

Including the 90 wells drilled and 35 wells acquired in 2003, we have 190 total wells in this New Albany Shale area. Average daily production in 2003 from all of our New Albany Shale wells was 2.4 MMcfd. In September 2003, we commenced transportation of New Albany production through a pipeline extension that connects to the Texas Gas Pipeline in northern Kentucky. At December 31, 2003, daily production from our New Albany Shale wells was 5.7 MMcfd. In 2004, we intend to reestablish production from approximately 24 of the 35 non-producing wells acquired in 2003 and anticipate drilling approximately 58 wells in the New Albany Shale.

 

Canada

 

In 2000, we began to focus on the potential of Canadian CBM through MGV. In late 2000, we entered into a joint venture with EnCana to explore for and develop CBM reserves initially in the West Palliser block in the province of Alberta. By January 2003, the joint venture had drilled 175 exploratory, pilot and development wells. In January 2003, we entered into an asset rationalization agreement with EnCana to divide the assets and rights subject to the joint venture and allow us to pursue independent operations. In 2003 we drilled 184 successful wells, most as operator, including significant developments in the Gayford and Beiseker areas. By December 31, 2003, we had proved reserves of 131.3 Bcf from our CBM projects and had ongoing field operations in all our joint ventures. Commercial CBM wells had been connected to sales points in many locations up to 100 miles north of the West Palliser block. These wells will continue to exhibit production rates generally between 50 and 250 Mcfd with negligible water production.

 

Our Gayford and Beiseker development areas include 132 net producing wells drilled or acquired by year-end 2003. Commercial production began in the Gayford area from 23 wells in January 2003 with additional

 

20


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

drilling bringing the Gayford well total to 71 net wells by year-end. Beiseker development production began in August 2003 with 61 net wells producing by year-end. Numerous other CBM wells were drilled outside of the Gayford and Beiseker areas as exploration, pilot or pre-development wells, with some of those tied into sales lines for long-term tests. Our 2004 plans for Canadian CBM projects include the drilling of approximately 280 net wells, with the majority of those being CBM development wells.

 

MGV also owns interests in other natural gas properties located in southern Alberta. At the end of 2003, MGV held interests in 763 gross (333 net wells). All of these properties are located in southern Alberta.

 

Our Canadian proved reserves at December 31, 2003 were estimated to be 146.6 Bcf, including 131.3 Bcf of reserves from our CBM projects. Our average daily production in Canada for 2003 was 8.0 MMcfd. By year-end 2003 we were producing approximately 18 Mmcfd in Canada with 16 Mmcfd of that production from our CBM projects.

 

Rocky Mountain Region

 

Our Rocky Mountain properties are located in Montana and Wyoming, and production, which is primarily crude oil, is from well-established producing formations at depths ranging from 1,000 feet to 17,000 feet. These properties typically have multiple producing zones, some of which include the Phosphoria at 750 feet to 1,000 feet, the Tensleep at 1,000 feet to 3,000 feet and the Muddy/Mowry at 8,400 feet to 9,000 feet. Our Rocky Mountain properties possess significant development drilling, secondary recovery and other exploitation opportunities. As of December 31, 2003, our Rocky Mountain proved reserves were 10 MMbbls of crude oil and 4.0 Bcfe of natural gas and NGLs for total equivalent reserves of 63.8 Bcfe. In 2003, our daily production averaged 7.5 MMcfed.

 

Oil and Gas Reserves

 

The following reserve quantity and future net cash flow information concerns our proved reserves that are located in the United States and Canada. Independent petroleum engineers with Schlumberger Data and Consulting Services and Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. prepared our reserve estimates. Proved oil and gas reserves, as defined by SEC Regulation S-X Rule 4-10(a) (2i), 2(ii), 2(iii), (3) and (4), are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based upon future conditions. Prices do not include the effect of derivative instruments we have entered into. Future production and development costs include production and property taxes.

 

Proved developed oil and gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Additional oil and gas expected to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery are included as proved developed reserves only after testing by a pilot project or after the operation of an installed program has confirmed through production response that increased recovery will be achieved.

 

Proved undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for re-completion. Reserves on undrilled acreage are limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved reserves for other undrilled units are claimed only where it can be demonstrated with certainty that there is continuity of production from the existing productive formation.

 

The reserve data set forth in this document represents only estimates and is subject to inherent uncertainties. The determination of oil and gas reserves is based on estimates that are highly complex and interpretive. Reserve

 

21


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

engineering is a subjective process that is dependent on the quality of available data and on engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. Although we believe the reserve estimates contained in this document are reasonable, reserve estimates are imprecise and are expected to change, as additional information becomes available.

 

The following table summarizes our proved reserves and the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows attributable to them at December 31, 2003, 2002 and 2001.

 

     Years Ended December 31,

   Years Ended December 31,

     Total Proved Reserves

   Proved Developed Reserves

     2003

   2002

   2001

   2003

   2002

   2001

Natural gas (MMcf)

                             

United States

   643,520    637,983    535,009    569,979    550,889    456,074

Canada

   146,632    53,602    16,513    83,698    22,750    8,890
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   790,152    691,585    551,522    653,677    573,639    464,964
    
  
  
  
  
  

Crude oil (MBbl)

                             

United States

   13,173    16,002    13,344    8,734    10,722    8,543

Canada

   —      —      —      —      —      —  
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   13,173    16,002    13,344    8,734    10,722    8,543
    
  
  
  
  
  

NGL (MBbl)

                             

United States

   1,918    2,216    1,538    1,405    1,524    1,023

Canada

   —      —      —      —      —      —  
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   1,918    2,216    1,538    1,405    1,524    1,023
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total (MMcfe)

   880,696    800,893    640,814    714,511    647,115    522,360
    
  
  
  
  
  

 

       Year ended December 31,

       2003

     2002

     2001

Representative crude oil and natural gas prices: (1)

                          

Natural gas—NYMEX Henry Hub

     $ 5.97      $ 4.74      $ 2.57

Crude oil—NYMEX

       32.55        31.20        19.84

Present values (in thousands): (2)

                          

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, before income tax

     $ 1,200,650      $ 867,748      $ 358,950

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, after income tax

     $ 848,741      $ 614,851      $ 268,942

(1)   The natural gas and crude oil prices as of each respective year-end were based, respectively, on NYMEX Henry Hub prices per MMbtu and NYMEX prices per Bbl, with these representative prices adjusted by field to arrive at the appropriate corporate net price.
(2)   Determined based on year-end unescalated prices and costs in accordance with the guidelines of the SEC, discounted at 10% per annum.

 

22


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Volumes, Sales Prices and Oil and Gas Production Expense

 

The following table sets forth certain information regarding production, average unit prices and costs for the periods indicated:

 

       Years Ended December 31,

       2003

     2002

     2001

Production:

                          

Natural gas (MMcf)

                          

United States

       31,612        31,910        31,815

Canada

       2,924        935        874
      

    

    

Total natural gas

       34,536        32,845        32,689

Crude oil (MBbl)

                          

United States

       807        905        1,059

Canada

       1        —          —  
      

    

    

Total crude oil

       808        905        1,059

NGL (MBbl)

                          

United States

       133        156        192

Canada

       2        —          3
      

    

    

Total NGL

       135        156        195

Total production (Mmcfe)

       40,192        39,209        40,212

Average Prices (including impact of hedges):

                          

Natural gas—per Mcf

                          

United States

     $ 3.32      $ 2.77      $ 3.05

Canada

       3.98        2.13        2.47

Consolidated

       3.38        2.75        3.03

Crude oil—per Bbl

                          

United States

     $ 24.23      $ 21.74      $ 21.03

Canada

       24.46        —          —  

Consolidated

       24.23        21.74        21.03

NGL—per Bbl

                          

United States

     $ 21.45      $ 14.97      $ 19.97

Canada

       26.01        —          21.76

Consolidated

       21.50        14.97        19.97

Average Prices (excluding impact of hedges):

                          

Natural gas—per Mcf

                          

United States

     $ 4.50      $ 2.99      $ 3.68

Canada

       4.15        2.22        3.05

Consolidated

       4.47        2.97        3.67

Crude oil—per Bbl

                          

United States

     $ 26.69      $ 21.86      $ 21.03

Canada

       24.46        —          —  

Consolidated

       26.69        21.86        21.03

NGL—per Bbl

                          

United States

     $ 21.45      $ 14.97      $ 19.97

Canada

       26.01        —          21.76

Consolidated

       21.50        14.97        19.97

Production cost (per Mcfe) (1)

                          

United States

     $ 1.29      $ 1.06      $ 1.28

Canada

       1.35        1.84        1.95

Consolidated

       1.30        1.08        1.31

(1)   Includes production taxes.

 

23


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Drilling Activity

 

During the periods indicated, the Company drilled or participated in the drilling of the following exploratory and development wells:

 

     Years Ended December 31,

     2003

   2002

   2001

     Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

Development:

                             

United States

                             

Productive

   102.0    74.3    106.0    81.2    148.0    109.0

Non-productive

   —      —      1.0    1.0    —      —  

Canada

                             

Productive

   32.0    32.0    17.0    17.0    51.0    13.6

Non-productive

   —      —      —      —      —      —  
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   134.0    106.3    124.0    99.2    199.0    122.6
    
  
  
  
  
  

Exploratory:

                             

United States

                             

Productive

   76.0    73.3    24.0    22.9    4.0    3.0

Non-productive

   1.0    1.0    3.0    3.0    5.0    4.5

Canada

                             

Productive

   152.0    116.5    44.0    26.2    85.0    33.1

Non-productive

   1.0    0.4    —      —      —      —  
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   230.0    191.2    71.0    52.1    94.0    40.6
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total:

                             

Productive

   362.0    296.1    191.0    147.3    288.0    158.7

Non-productive

   2.0    1.4    4.0    4.0    5.0    4.5
    
  
  
  
  
  

Total

   364.0    297.5    195.0    151.3    293.0    163.2
    
  
  
  
  
  

 

Acquisition, Exploration and Development Capital Expenditures

 

       United
States


     Canada

     Consolidated

       (in thousands)

2003

                          

Proved acreage

     $ 3,215      $ 3,388      $ 6,603

Unproved acreage

       24,063        6,739        30,802

Development costs

       47,480        43,001        90,481

Exploration costs

       9,411        17,066        26,477
      

    

    

Total

     $ 84,169      $ 70,194      $ 154,363
      

    

    

2002

                          

Proved acreage

     $ 32,199      $ —        $ 32,199

Unproved acreage

       550        5,422        5,972

Development costs

       34,178        938        35,116

Exploration costs

       5,925        8,659        14,584
      

    

    

Total

     $ 72,852      $ 15,019      $ 87,871
      

    

    

2001

                          

Proved acreage

     $ 2,811      $ 343      $ 3,154

Unproved acreage

       2,595        197        2,792

Development costs

       47,776        2,229        50,005

Exploration costs

       2,081        8,022        10,103
      

    

    

Total

     $ 55,263      $ 10,791      $ 66,054
      

    

    

 

24


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Productive Oil and Gas Wells

 

The following table summarizes productive oil and gas wells attributable to our direct interests as of December 31, 2003:

 

    

As of December 31, 2003

Productive Wells


     Natural Gas

   Crude Oil

     Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

United States

   4,695    1,547.7    448    414.8

Canada

   622    234.6    3    0.1
    
  
  
  

Total

   5,317    1,782.3    451    414.9
    
  
  
  

 

Oil and Gas Acreage

 

Our principal natural gas and crude oil properties consist of non-producing and producing natural gas and crude oil leases, including reserves of natural gas and crude oil in place. The following table indicates our interest in developed and undeveloped acreage held directly by us. Developed acres are defined as acreage spaced or allocated to wells that are producing or capable of producing. Undeveloped acres are acres on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of oil or gas, regardless of whether or not such acreage contains proved reserves. Gross acres are the total number of acres in which we have a working interest. Net acres are the sum of our fractional interests owned in the gross acres.

 

     As of December 31, 2003

     Developed Acreage

   Undeveloped Acreage

     Gross

   Net

   Gross

   Net

United States

   685,891    362,476    615,733    497,853

Canada

   79,336    40,442    519,247    384,665
    
  
  
  

Total

   765,227    402,918    1,134,980    882,518
    
  
  
  

 

ITEM 3.    Legal Proceedings

 

In August 2001, a group of royalty owners, Athel E. Williams et al., brought suit against us and three of our subsidiaries in the Circuit Court of Otsego County, Michigan. The suit alleges that Terra Energy Ltd, one of our subsidiaries, underpaid royalties or overriding royalties to the 13 named plaintiffs and to a class of plaintiffs who have yet to be determined. The pleadings of the plaintiffs seek damages in an unspecified amount and injunctive relief against future underpayments. The court heard arguments on class certification on November 8, 2002, and on December 6, 2002 the court issued a memorandum opinion granting class certification in part and denying it in part. The court stated that those portions of the royalty owners’ complaint against us alleging that we deducted excessive postproduction costs from royalty payments should not be certified as class action. The court certified the remainder of the complaint for class action status. On December 20, 2002, we filed a motion for clarification and reconsideration of the court’s order. That motion was denied on March 9, 2003. Based on information currently available to us, we believe that the final resolution of this matter will not have a material effect on our financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.

 

ITEM 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

There were no matters submitted to a stockholder vote during the fourth quarter of 2003.

 

25


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

PART II.

 

ITEM 5.   Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchase of Equity Securities

 

Market Information

 

Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “KWK”.

 

The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low sales prices of our common stock for the periods indicated below.

 

       HIGH

     LOW

2003

                 

Fourth Quarter

     $ 33.65      $ 24.40

Third Quarter

       26.15        22.94

Second Quarter

       26.11        22.46

First Quarter

       24.43        19.54

2002

                 

Fourth Quarter

     $ 24.40      $ 16.79

Third Quarter

       25.95        16.89

Second Quarter

       26.35        21.30

First Quarter

       23.50        16.80

 

As of March 1, 2004, there were approximately 519 common stockholders of record.

 

We have not paid dividends on our common stock and intend to retain our cash flow from operations for the future operation and development of our business. In addition, our primary credit facility prohibits payments of dividends on our common stock.

 

ITEM 6.    Selected Financial Data

 

The following tables set forth, as of the dates and for the periods indicated, our selected financial information. Our financial information is derived from our audited consolidated financial statements for such periods. The information should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto contained in this document. The following information is not necessarily indicative of our future results.

 

Selected Financial Data

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except for per share data)

 

     Years Ended December 31,

     2003

   2002

   2001

   2000

   1999

Consolidated Statements of Income Data:

                                  

Total revenues

   $  140,949    $ 121,979    $ 141,963    $  118,392    $   49,913

Income before income taxes

     28,502      21,333      30,110      27,731      3,023

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

     18,505      13,835      19,310      17,618      3,162

Net income

     16,208      13,835      19,310      17,618      3,162

Earnings—per share before accounting change

                                  

Basic

   $ 0.83    $ 0.70    $ 1.03    $ 0.96    $ 0.24

Diluted

     0.81      0.68      1.00      0.95      0.24

Earnings—per share

                                  

Basic

   $ 0.72    $ 0.70    $ 1.03    $ 0.96    $ 0.24

Diluted

     0.71      0.68      1.00      0.95      0.24

 

26


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements
     Years Ended December 31,

 
     2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

    1999

 

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data:

                                        

Net cash provided by (used in):

                                        

Operating activities

   $ 63,053     $ 43,999     $ 57,921     $ 47,691     $ 10,220  

Investing activities

     (147,422 )     (83,659 )     (67,227 )     (195,518 )     (42,288 )

Financing activities

     79,369       40,050       5,199       158,103       34,330  

Capital expenditures

   $ 148,488     $ 88,965     $ 67,566     $ 194,507     $ 43,452  

Consolidated Balance Sheets Data:

                                        

Working capital (deficit) (1)

   $ (30,803 )   $ (23,678 )   $ (19,141 )   $ 935     $ 7,168  

Properties—net

     604,576       470,078       412,455       374,099       170,800  

Total assets

     666,934       529,538       471,884       440,111       194,302  

Long-term debt

     249,097       248,493       248,425       239,986       94,952  

Stockholders’ equity

     241,816       128,905       94,387       86,758       69,551  

(1)   Working capital includes the current portion of assets and liabilities, which reflect estimated fair value of derivative obligations.

 

ITEM 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

We are an independent oil and gas company engaged in the exploration, acquisition, development, production and sale of natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids primarily from unconventional reservoirs such as fractured shales, coal beds and tight sands. At December 31, 2003, approximately 90% of our proved reserves were natural gas. Approximately 70% of those reserves are located in Michigan.

 

Our Michigan activities have allowed us to develop a technical and operational expertise in the acquisition, development and production of unconventional natural gas reserves. Consistent with one of our business strategies, our Canadian coal bed methane and Indiana New Albany Shale projects represent an extension of that expertise.

 

For 2004, we plan to focus on the exploration and development of CBM reserves in Alberta, Canada, the New Albany shale in Indiana/Kentucky and the Barnett shale in Texas. We expect budgeted capital expenditures for 2004 to be approximately $157 million, of which, about $89 million is allocated to our Canadian operations with the remainder allocated to our U.S. operations.

 

We generate net income and cash flows on an ongoing basis by producing natural gas, crude oil and natural gas liquids in quantities and at prices that allow us to not only generate operating income, but also allow us to conduct exploration, development and acquisition activities to efficiently replace the reserves that have been produced.

 

We use several measurements to determine our performance. Among the key measurements we use are: cash flow from operating activities; operating expenses per unit of production; overhead costs per unit of production; finding costs per unit of reserve addition; and the ratio of total reserve additions to production during a given period of time.

 

Natural gas prices were favorable throughout 2003 and many industry analysts expect them to remain favorable for the foreseeable future. If prices for natural gas remain favorable, we will be able to fund more of our capital expenditures with cash flow from operations; however, we do not expect our cash flow from operations to be sufficient to satisfy our total budgeted capital expenditures. To fund our total budgeted capital expenditures in 2004 we plan to borrow additional funds under our existing bank credit facility. Consequently, our level of debt will increase. As of December 31, 2003, we had $70.5 million of available borrowing capacity under our bank credit facility. The ratio of our total debt to equity as of December 31, 2003 was approximately one to one.

 

27


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

The possibility of decreasing prices to be received for production is among the several risks that we face. We manage this risk by entering into natural gas sales contracts with price floors and natural gas and crude oil financial hedges. Our commodity risk management strategy helps to ensure a predictable base level of cash flow, which enhances our ability to execute our drilling and exploration programs, meet debt service requirements and pursue acquisition opportunities despite price fluctuations.

 

If our revenues decrease significantly as a result of presently unexpected declines in natural gas prices or otherwise, we may curtail our acquisition, development drilling and other activities outside of Canada and secondarily within Canada. We could also be forced to sell some of our assets on an untimely or unfavorable basis.

 

Forward-Looking Information

 

Certain statements contained in this annual report and other materials we file with the SEC, as well as information included in oral statements or other written statements made or to be made by us, other than statements of historical fact, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements may relate to a variety of matters not currently ascertainable, such as future capital expenditures, drilling activity, acquisitions and dispositions, development or exploratory activities, cost savings efforts, production activities and volumes, hydrocarbon reserves, hydrocarbon prices, hedging activities and the results thereof, financing plans, liquidity, regulatory matters, competition and our ability to realize efficiencies related to certain transactions or organizational changes. Forward-looking statements generally are accompanied by words such as “may,” “will,” “could,” “should,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “budgeted,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “potential,” “estimate,” “continue,” or “future” or the negative, other variations thereof or other or similar statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, no assurance can be given that such expectations will prove correct. Factors that could cause our results to differ materially from the results discussed in such forward-looking statements include:

 

    changes in general economic conditions;

 

    fluctuations in crude oil and natural gas prices;

 

    failure or delays in achieving expected production from oil and gas development projects;

 

    uncertainties inherent in estimates of oil and gas reserves and predicting oil and gas reservoir performance;

 

    competitive conditions in our industry;

 

    actions taken by third-party operators, processors and transporters;

 

    changes in the availability and cost of capital;

 

    operating hazards, natural disasters, casualty losses and other matters beyond our control;

 

    the effects of existing and future laws and governmental regulations;

 

    the effects of existing or future litigation; and

 

    certain factors discussed elsewhere in this annual report.

 

All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements in this section. The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with “Selected Financial Data” and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this annual report.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The reported financial results and disclosures were determined using significant accounting policies, practices and estimates described below. We believe the reported financial results are reliable and that the ultimate actual results will not differ significantly from those reported.

 

28


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Oil and Gas Properties

 

We employ the full cost method of accounting for our oil and gas production assets. Under the full cost method, all costs associated with the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and gas properties are capitalized and accumulated in cost centers on a country-by-country basis. The sum of net capitalized costs and estimated future development and dismantlement costs for each cost center is depleted on the equivalent unit-of-production basis using proved oil and gas reserves as determined by independent petroleum engineers.

 

Net capitalized costs are limited to the lower of unamortized cost net of related deferred tax or the cost center ceiling. The cost center ceiling is defined as the sum of (i) estimated future net revenues, discounted at 10% per annum, from proved reserves, based on unescalated year-end prices and costs, adjusted for contract provisions and financial derivatives that hedge our oil and gas revenue; (ii) the cost of properties not being amortized; (iii) the lower of cost or market value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized less (iv) income tax effects related to differences between the book and tax basis of the oil and gas properties. Such limitations are imposed separately for the U.S. and Canadian cost centers.

 

The ceiling test is affected by a decrease in net cash flow from reserves due to higher operating or finding costs or reduction in market prices for natural gas and crude oil. These changes can reduce the amount of economically producible reserves. At December 31, 2003, the capitalized cost, inclusive of future development costs, for U.S. and Canadian reserves was $0.70 per Mcfe and $0.97 per Mcfe, respectively. If the cost center ceiling falls below the capitalized cost for the cost center, we would be required to report an impairment of the cost center’s oil and gas assets at the reporting date.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenues are recognized when title to the product transfers to purchasers. We follow the “sales method” of accounting for revenue for natural gas and crude oil production, so that we recognize sales revenue on all production sold to purchasers, regardless of whether the sales are proportionate to our ownership in the property. A receivable or liability is recognized only to the extent that we have an imbalance on a specific property greater than the expected remaining proved reserves. Ultimate revenues from the sales of natural gas and crude oil production is not known with certainty until up to three months after production and title transfer occur. Current revenues are accrued based on our estimate of actual deliveries and actual prices received.

 

Hedging

 

We enter into financial derivative instruments to hedge risk associated with the prices received from natural gas and crude oil production and marketing. We also utilize financial derivative instruments to hedge the risk associated with interest rates on our debt outstanding. Every derivative instrument is recorded on our balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at fair value determined by reference to published future market prices and interest rates. The cash settlement of all derivative instruments is recognized as income or expense in the period in which the hedged transaction is recognized. Gains or losses on derivative instruments terminated prior to their original expiration date are deferred and recognized as income or expense in the period in which the hedged transaction is recognized. The ineffective portion of hedges is recognized currently in earnings.

 

Portions of our hedge derivatives were classified as current based upon the maturity of the derivative instruments. Based upon the estimated fair values of those hedge derivatives as of December 31, 2003, our revenues for 2004 will decrease approximately $31.8 million and interest expense will increase approximately $0.8 million. Net income, after income taxes will be approximately $21.2 million lower. These amounts will be reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income in 2004.

 

Site Dismantlement and Asset Retirement Obligations

 

We have significant obligations to remove equipment and restore land at the end of oil and gas production operations. Our removal and restoration obligations are primarily associated with plugging and abandoning wells and associated production facilities. We adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 143,

 

29


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations” effective January 1, 2003. Under SFAS No. 143, the estimated fair value of a liability for legal obligations associated with the retirement obligations of tangible long-lived assets is recorded in the periods in which it is incurred. When the liability is recorded, we increase the carrying amount of the related long-lived asset. The liability is accreted to the fair value at the time of the settlement over the useful life of the asset, and the capitalized cost is depleted or depreciated over the useful life of the related asset. The fair value of the liability associated with these retirement obligations is based upon estimates of the current costs to settle such obligations discounted using a credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate that considers the estimated date of settlement of those obligations. As a result of the adoption of SFAS No. 143, we recognized asset retirement costs of $10.8 million and asset retirement obligations of $13.3 million and a cumulative-effect adjustment of $2.3 million. The cumulative-effect adjustment of $2.3 million included $1.3 million for additional depletion and depreciation of the asset retirement costs, $2.2 million for accretion of the fair value of the asset retirement obligations and $1.2 million for deferred tax expenses. During 2003, $0.7 million of accretion expense was recognized and included in the $32.1 million of depletion, depreciation and accretion expense reported in the statement of income for the year. Additional asset retirement costs and obligations of $1.2 million were recognized during 2003. These amounts are associated with long-lived assets placed into service in 2003. Asset retirement obligations at December 31, 2003 are $15.2 million, of which $54,000 has been classified as current.

 

Income Taxes

 

Deferred income taxes are established for all temporary differences between the book and the tax basis of assets and liabilities. In addition, deferred tax balances must be adjusted to reflect tax rates that will be in effect in years in which the temporary differences are expected to reverse. MGV, the Company’s Canadian subsidiary, computes taxes at rates in effect in Canada. U.S. deferred tax liabilities are not recognized on profits that are expected to be permanently reinvested by MGV and thus are not considered available for distribution to the parent Company.

 

Included in our net deferred tax liability are $54.1 million of future tax benefits from prior unused tax losses. Realization of these tax assets depends on sufficient future taxable income before the benefits expire. We believe we will have sufficient future taxable income to utilize the loss carry forward benefits before they expire; however, if not, we could be required to recognize a loss for some or all of these tax assets. Net operating loss carry forwards and other deferred tax assets are reviewed annually for recoverability, and are recorded, net of a valuation allowance, if necessary.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements, special purpose entities, financing partnerships or guarantees. The companies in which we have an equity investment do not have any debts.

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Summary Financial Data

Year Ended December 31, 2003 Compared with December 31, 2002

 

       Years Ended December 31,

       2003

     2002

       (in thousands)

Total operating revenues

     $ 140,949      $ 121,979

Total operating expenses

       93,782        81,477

Operating income

       48,498        40,702

Income before accounting change

       18,505        13,835

Net income

       16,208        13,835

 

Net income for 2003 was $16.2 million ($0.71 per diluted share) compared to net income of $13.8 million ($0.68 per diluted share) for 2002. Included in 2003 was a $2.3 million charge ($0.10 per diluted share), net of tax, for the adoption of SFAS No. 143, Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations, as of January 1, 2003. The

 

30


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

2003 period also included a $3.8 million pre-tax charge ($2.5 million after tax) to interest expense as a result of our early redemption of $53 million in principal amount of our subordinated notes payable.

 

Operating Revenues

 

Total revenues for 2003 were $141.0 million, a $19.0 million increase from the $122.0 million reported in 2002. Higher realized prices and additional sales volumes increased revenue $26.7 million. Realized sales prices increased 21%. Additional sales volumes were primarily associated with the Enogex interests purchased in December 2002 and the CBM development projects in Canada. Other revenue for 2003 was $7.8 million lower from the prior year. Revenue of $5.1 million was recognized from the sale of Section 29 tax credits in 2002. The tax credits expired in 2002. In 2003, other revenue was reduced by $0.5 million as a result of the completion of our negotiations to purchase the tax credit properties.

 

31


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Gas, Oil and NGL Sales

 

Our sales volumes, revenues and average prices for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 are as follows:

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2003

   2002

Average daily sales volume

             

Natural gas—Mcfd

             

United States

     86,608      87,425

Canada

     8,011      2,563
    

  

Total

     94,619      89,988

Crude oil—Bbld

             

United States

     2,212      2,479

Canada

     1      —  
    

  

Total

     2,213      2,479

NGL—Bbld

             

United States

     365      426

Canada

     4      —  
    

  

Total

     369      426

Total sales—Mcfed

             

United States

     102,073      104,858

Canada

     8,042      2,563
    

  

Total

     110,115      107,421

Natural gas, oil and NGL sales (in thousands)

             

United States

   $ 127,339    $ 110,263

Canada

     11,698      2,033
    

  

Total natural gas, oil and NGL sales

   $ 139,037    $ 112,296
    

  

Product sale revenues (in thousands)

             

Natural gas sales

   $ 116,563    $ 90,289

Crude oil sales

     19,576      19,679

NGL sales

     2,898      2,328
    

  

Total oil, gas and NGL sales

   $ 139,037    $ 112,296
    

  

Unit prices—including impact of hedges

             

Natural gas—per Mcf

             

United States

   $ 3.32    $ 2.77

Canada

     3.98      2.13

Consolidated

     3.38      2.75

Crude oil—per Bbl

             

United States

   $ 24.23    $ 21.74

Canada

     24.46      —  

Consolidated

     24.23      21.74

NGL—per Bbl

             

United States

   $ 21.45    $ 14.97

Canada

     26.01      —  

Consolidated

     21.50      14.97

 

32


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Natural gas sales increased $26.3 million from 2002 to $116.6 million for 2003. Our average realized natural gas price increased 23% to $3.38 per Mcf for 2003 and increased revenue $20.6 million. Volumes increased 1,690,000 Mcf from 2002 to 2003 and increased sales $5.7 million. Sales volumes for 2003 increased approximately 5,856,000 Mcf as a result of our drilling programs in the U.S. and Canada. Sales volumes from our Canadian CBM projects, which started production in January 2003, were approximately 2,113,000 Mcf for 2003. U.S. sales volumes increased 2,434,000 Mcf as a result of the additional interests in Michigan properties purchased from Enogex in December 2002. New wells drilled in the Michigan Antrim and Indiana New Albany formations increased sales volumes 1,071,000 Mcf and 239,000 Mcf, respectively. These increases were offset by curtailments in sales volumes as a result of extremely cold weather in the first quarter of 2003 and shutdowns of third party processing plants and pipelines in the second through fourth quarters of 2003. These events reduced sales volumes by approximately 260,000 Mcf and 814,000 Mcf, respectively. Additionally, March through September 2003 sales from our Indiana properties were curtailed when our local end-user reduced its deliveries of gas by approximately 161,000 Mcf. The remaining decreases were the result of natural decline in production from our natural gas wells.

 

Crude oil sales were $19.6 million for 2003 compared to $19.7 million in 2002. The $2.49 increase in our average realized crude oil price increased revenue $2.3 million which was nearly offset by the decrease in oil sales volumes for 2003. The 11% decrease in sales volumes to 808,000 barrels for the year was the result of an approximately 20,300 barrel decrease due to the sale of Wyoming and Texas oil properties in June 2002 and natural production declines. These reductions were partially offset by a full year’s production from wells drilled in the Beaver Creek Detroit River Zone 3 development that increased sales volumes 31,800 barrels.

 

NGL sales for 2003 increased $0.6 million to $2.9 million. NGL prices increased $6.53 from 2002 to $21.50 and resulted in a $1.0 million increase in revenue that was partially offset by a decrease in sales volumes.

 

Other Revenues

 

Other revenue in 2003 consisted of revenue from the marketing, transportation and processing of natural gas. In 2002, other revenue also included revenue of $5.1 million from the sale of Section 29 tax credits. The tax credits expired in 2002. In 2003, other revenue was reduced by $0.5 million as a result of the completion of our negotiations to purchase the tax credit properties. Natural gas marketing, transportation and processing revenue for 2003 was $2.5 million as compared to $4.6 million in 2002. Marketing revenue in 2003 decreased $1.8 million from 2002 primarily as a result of pipeline delivery imbalances that occurred during 2003. Repayments of those imbalances required the purchase of natural gas when natural gas prices had increased from the time in which the imbalances occurred resulting in marketing margin losses.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses were $93.8 million in 2003 compared to $81.5 million for 2002. The increase was the result of additional sales volumes.

 

Oil and Gas Production Costs

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2003

   2002

     (in thousands, except
per unit amounts)

Production expenses

             

United States

   $ 48,243    $ 40,505

Canada

     3,951      1,723
    

  

     $ 52,194    $ 42,228
    

  

Production expenses—per Mcfe

             

United States

   $ 1.29    $ 1.06

Canada

     1.35      1.84

Consolidated

     1.30      1.08

 

33


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Oil and gas production costs for 2003 were $52.2 million compared to 2002 expense of $42.2 million. Production taxes were $3.0 million higher as a result of higher sales volumes and higher average natural gas and crude oil prices in 2003. Canadian production expenses, excluding production taxes of $0.3 million, increased $1.9 million. Canadian production increased approximately 2,000,000 Mcf primarily as a result of the start-up of production from our CBM projects in January of 2003. Although absolute Canadian production expense increased, expense per Mcfe, including production taxes, decreased $0.49 to $1.35 per Mcfe for 2003 as a result of 2003 CBM production.

 

Production expenses for U.S. properties increased $5.0 million, excluding production tax increases of $2.7 million. Notable production expense increases included $3.1 million of additional expense associated with natural gas volumes produced from the acquired Enogex interests, $0.8 million resulting from settlement costs for post-production cost allowances in Michigan and environmental issues in Indiana and Michigan. Inventory losses, primarily in Indiana, increased expense $0.3 million in 2003. Additional operating expenses of approximately $0.8 million were primarily due to the start-up of producing wells in Indiana during the fourth quarter.

 

Depletion, Depreciation and Accretion

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2003

   2002

     (in thousands, except
per unit amounts)

Depletion

   $ 27,379    $ 26,953

Depreciation of other fixed assets

     3,949      3,206

Accretion

     739      —  
    

  

Total depletion, depreciation and accretion

   $ 32,067    $ 30,159
    

  

Average depletion cost per Mcfe

   $ 0.68    $ 0.69

 

Depletion increased $0.4 million to $27.4 million in 2003. Increased depletion was the result of higher sales volumes partially offset by a slight decrease in our consolidated depletion rate. Additional depreciation of $0.7 million was primarily the result of additions to processing and transportation assets including the Cardinal Pipeline which began operations in September 2003. Accretion expense of $0.7 million in 2003 was the result of the adoption of SFAS No. 143 as of January 1, 2003.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses were $8.1 million for 2003 and $0.6 million higher than 2002 general and administrative expenses. The increase is primarily the result of $0.7 million in additional bonuses earned in 2003 and $0.3 million due to the addition of management personnel in the last half of the year. Professional fees were $0.2 million higher than in 2002 and were related to the use of additional engineering and accounting services. These increases were partially offset by the $0.3 million reduction in expense for contract labor in 2003.

 

Income from Equity Affiliates

 

Income from equity affiliates increased $1.1 million from the prior year when we recorded losses of $0.8 million associated with Voyager Compression Services LLC. During 2002, Voyager recorded operating losses in addition to an impairment of its assets and lease termination costs in conjunction with ending its operations.

 

34


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Interest Expense

 

Interest expense was $20.2 million in 2003. Interest expense for 2003 included a charge of $3.8 million as a result of the early redemption of $53.0 million in principal amount of our subordinated notes payable through the issuance of $70.0 million in principal amount of second lien notes. The $3.8 million charge consisted of a prepayment premium of $3.2 million and remaining deferred financing costs of $1.5 million partially offset by an associated deferred hedging gain of $0.9 million. Ongoing interest expense decreased $2.8 million as a result of a significant decrease in our effective interest rates that was partially offset by an increase in our average debt outstanding in 2003. The interest rates paid on our debt were lower in 2003 because of lower LIBOR rates and the refinancing of our subordinated notes payable through the issuance of our new second lien notes which decreased the associated interest rate approximately 8.3%.

 

Income Taxes

 

     Years Ended
December 31,


 
     2003

    2002

 

Income tax provision (in thousands)

   $ 9,997     $ 7,498  

Effective tax rate

     35.1 %     35.2 %

 

The income tax provision of $10.0 million was established using an effective U.S. federal tax rate of 35%. The provision also includes $1.7 million for Canadian federal and provincial income tax expense. Canadian income tax expense includes consideration of tax rate reductions that were enacted during 2003. Income tax expenses increased from the prior year as a result of higher 2003 pretax income as compared to 2002.

 

Summary Financial Data

Year Ended December 31, 2002 Compared with December 31, 2001

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2002

   2001

     (in thousands)

Total operating revenues

   $ 121,979    $ 141,963

Total operating expenses

     81,477      89,681

Operating income

     40,702      53,407

Net income

     13,835      19,310

 

Net income of $13.8 million ($0.68 per diluted share) was recorded for 2002, a decrease of 28% over 2001 net income of $19.3 million ($1.00 per diluted share). The decrease was largely the result of an 8% drop in 2002 realized prices. The sales price decreases were only partially offset by a 20% decrease in production expense for 2002.

 

Operating Revenues

 

Total revenues for 2002 were $122.0 million, a $20.0 million decrease from the $142.0 million reported in 2001. Realized sales prices decreased 8%. This decrease, along with a decrease in crude oil volumes, decreased production revenue $13.0 million from the 2001 period. Other revenue was $6.9 million lower primarily due to a decrease in deferred revenue recognition from the sale of Section 29 tax credits and the one-time receipt of revenue associated with a bankruptcy settlement in 2001.

 

35


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Gas, Oil and NGL Sales

 

Our sales volumes, revenues and average prices for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 are as follows:

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2002

   2001

Average daily sales volume

             

Natural gas—Mcfd

             

United States

     87,425      87,166

Canada

     2,563      2,393
    

  

Total

     89,988      89,559

Crude oil—Bbld

             

United States

     2,479      2,902

Canada

     —        —  
    

  

Total

     2,479      2,902

NGL—Bbld

             

United States

     426      525

Canada

     —        8
    

  

Total

     426      533

Total sales—Mcfed

             

United States

     104,858      107,725

Canada

     2,563      2,445
    

  

Total

     107,421      110,170

Natural gas, oil and NGL sales (in thousands)

             

United States

   $ 110,263    $ 123,077

Canada

     2,033      2,268
    

  

Total natural gas, oil and NGL sales

   $ 112,296    $ 125,345
    

  

Product sale revenues (in thousands)

             

Natural gas sales

   $ 90,289    $ 99,183

Crude oil sales

     19,679      22,275

NGL sales

     2,328      3,887
    

  

Total oil, gas and NGL sales

   $ 112,296    $ 125,345
    

  

Unit prices—including impact of hedges

             

Natural gas—per Mcf

             

United States

   $ 2.77    $ 3.05

Canada

     2.13      2.47

Consolidated

     2.75      3.03

Crude oil—per Bbl

             

United States

   $ 21.74    $ 21.03

Canada

     —        —  

Consolidated

     21.74      21.03

NGL—per Bbl

             

United States

   $ 14.97    $ 19.97

Canada

     —        21.76

Consolidated

     14.97      19.97

 

36


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Natural gas sales decreased $8.9 million from 2001 to $90.3 million for 2002. The $0.28 per Mcf decrease in average natural gas prices accounted for the entire revenue decrease. Sales volumes for 2002 were slightly higher than 2001 sales volumes. In 2001, sales volumes of 540,000 Mcf were attributable to prior year production payouts identified during 2001. These 2001 payout volumes were offset by approximately 696,000 Mcf of additional 2002 net sales volumes. Significant production increases in Michigan included 646,000 Mcf from Sturgeon Valley Ranch where 15 wells were drilled in late 2001 and at Garfield Field where PdC wells were fracture stimulated between February and June of 2002, resulting in production increases of 306,000 Mcf. Drilling in Indiana resulted in additional production of 132,000 Mcf. Production in 2002 also included 252,000 Mcf from the interests purchased from Enogex Exploration Corporation in December 2002. These increases were partially offset by natural production declines on existing production. In 2002, we drilled 104 net productive wells excluding Canadian wells. We successfully worked over or recompleted a total of 20 net wells during 2002.

 

Oil sales were $19.7 million for 2002 compared to $22.3 million in 2001. Sales volumes for 2002 decreased 154,000 barrels from 2001 total crude oil production, decreasing oil sales $3.4 million. Higher realized oil prices offset the sales volume decline by $760,000 over the prior year. We sold oil properties located in Wyoming and Texas in June and July of 2002. These property sales resulted in a decrease of approximately 21,000 barrels as compared to 2001.

 

NGL sales for 2002 decreased $1.6 million to $2.3 million. The decrease was primarily the result of lower NGL prices for 2002.

 

Other Revenues

 

Other revenue in 2002 consisted of revenue associated with Section 29 tax credits and with marketing, transportation and processing of natural gas. Revenue derived from Section 29 tax credit monetizations decreased $5.8 million from 2001. Deferred revenue recognition associated with the 2000 tax credit monetization ceased during 2002. Natural gas marketing, transportation and processing revenue for 2002 was $3.0 million as compared to $3.6 million in 2001. The decrease was due primarily to lower gas marketing margins and less marketed volumes in 2002. Other revenue in 2002 also decreased due to the one-time receipt of $0.6 million of revenue recognized in 2001 as a result of a bankruptcy settlement.

 

Operating Expenses

 

Operating expenses were $81.5 million in 2002 compared to $89.7 million for 2001. The decrease was the result of lower sales volumes, including the absence of 2001 payout volumes, and cost reduction measures we instituted early in 2002 resulting in a decrease in lease operating expense and production overhead of $4.0 million. Additional expense recoveries of $3.5 million were the result of review of various operating agreements under which we operate both oil and gas properties and other partnerships. The review resulted in an increase of expenses recovered from the oil and gas properties and partnerships. In 2001, we recovered a $1.1 million provision for doubtful accounts associated with the receipt of a bankruptcy settlement.

 

Oil and Gas Production Costs

 

     Years Ended
December 31,


     2002

   2001

     (in thousands, except
per unit amounts)

Production expenses

             

United States

   $ 40,505    $ 50,967

Canada

     1,723      1,738
    

  

     $ 42,228    $ 52,705
    

  

Production expenses—per Mcfe

             

United States

   $ 1.06    $ 1.28

Canada

     1.84      1.95

Consolidated

     1.08      1.31

 

37


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

Oil and gas production costs for 2002 were $42.2 million compared to 2001 expense of $52.7 million. Production costs, excluding production taxes and expense recoveries, were $4.0 million lower in 2002. Lower 2002 production volumes decreased production costs $1.3 million. In early 2002, we instituted cost reduction measures that resulted in a $2.7 million decrease in production expenses. Production taxes were $2.3 million lower as a result of lower sales volumes and lower average natural gas and crude oil prices in 2002.

 

Additional expense recoveries of $4.3 million were recorded in 2002. A review of the operating agreements under which we operate both oil and gas properties and partnerships resulted in an additional $3.5 million of expense recoveries. Beginning in the fourth quarter of 2002, we brought the compressor maintenance function in-house on our operated compressor facilities. Additional 2002 expense recoveries associated with compressor maintenance were $0.8 million.

 

Depletion and Depreciation

 

    

Years Ended

December 31,


     2002

   2001

     (in thousands, except
per unit amounts)

Depletion

   $ 26,953    $ 26,162

Depreciation of other fixed assets

     3,206      2,481
    

  

Total depletion and depreciation

   $ 30,159    $ 28,643
    

  

Average depletion cost per Mcfe

   $ 0.69    $ 0.65

 

Depletion increased $790,000 to $27.0 million in 2002. A higher depletion rate increased 2002 depletion $1.5 million, but this was partially offset by a $690,000 decrease due to lower production volumes. Depreciation increased $725,000 to $3.2 million in 2002 primarily as a result of gas compression assets added in 2002.

 

General and Administrative Expenses

 

General and administrative expenses were $7.6 million for 2002 and comparable to 2001 general and administrative expenses. Legal expenses increased $450,000 primarily as a result of legal fees incurred for defense of a royalty lawsuit filed against us in late 2001. The increase was offset by decreases in stock exchange fees, board of directors’ fees, professional engineering fees and several other expense categories. Stock exchange fees for 2001 included $136,000 for our initial listing on the New York Stock Exchange. No expense for directors’ fees was recognized for 2002, as the directors were compensated with stock options accounted for under APB Opinion No. 25 and FASB Interpretation No. 44.

 

Income from Equity Affiliates

 

Income from equity affiliates decreased $925,000 from the prior year due primarily to losses of $796,000 associated with Voyager Compression Services LLC. During 2002, Voyager recorded operating losses in addition to an impairment of its assets and lease termination costs in conjunction with ending its operations.

 

Interest Expense and Other Income/ Expense

 

Interest expense of $19.8 million in 2002 decreased $3.9 million from 2001. The decrease reflects a significant decrease in our effective interest rates partially offset by an increase in our average debt outstanding in 2002.

 

Income Taxes

 

     Years Ended
December 31,


 
     2002

    2001

 

Income tax provision (in thousands)

   $ 7,498     $ 10,800  

Effective tax rate

     35.2 %     35.9 %

 

38


Table of Contents
Index to Financial Statements

The income tax provision of $7.5 million was established using an effective U.S. federal tax rate of 35%. The 2002 current benefit of $262,000 consists of a refund of federal alternative minimum tax of $178,000 and a state income tax benefit of $139,000 partially offset by Canadian Large Corporation tax expense of $55,000. Income tax expenses decreased from the prior year as a result of lower 2002 pretax income as compared to 2001.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Our primary sources of cash during 2003 were: cash provided by operations; the issuance of common stock in a public offering in August; and proceeds from the issuance of second lien notes in June. Primary cash outflows for the year were capital expenditures and the repayment of debt.

 

Operating income from the production and sale of oil and natural gas (production revenue less production expense) contributed $16.8 million of the $19.0 million increase in cash from operating activities. The increase was the result of a 3% increase in sales volumes and a 21% increase in sales prices for 2003. Cash from operations includes the $3.2 prepayment premium paid for the early redemption of $53 million in principal amount of our subordinated notes in June 2003.

 

Our principal operating sources of cash include sales of natural gas, crude oil and NGLs and revenues from natural gas transportation and processing. We sold approximately 74% and 85% of our 2003 natural gas and crude oil production, respectively, under long-term contracts with price floors and financial hedges. As a result, we benefit from significant predictability of our natural gas and crude oil revenues. However, when natural gas and crude oil market prices exceed our financial hedge swap prices, we are required to make payment for the settlement of our hedge derivatives on the fifth day of the production month for natural gas hedges and the fifth day after the production month for crude oil hedges. We do not receive market price cash payment from our customers until 25 to 60 days after the month of production. Additionally, in the event of a significant production curtailment, we are required contractually to fulfill our commitments under our long-term sales contracts by purchasing natural gas volumes at market prices. During the first quarter of 2003, we increased borrowings under our credit facility in part as the result of settlement of our hedge derivatives for the months of January through March.

 

Cash used in investing activities was $147.4 million for 2003, an increase of $63.8 million from 2002. Capital expenditures increased $59.5 million for 2003 compared to 2002.

 

Capital expenditures

 

     United
States


   Canada

   Consolidated

2003                     

Proved acreage

   $ 3,215    $ 3,388    $ 6,603

Unproved acreage

     24,063      6,739      30,802

Development costs

     37,682      41,820      79,502

Exploration costs

     9,411      17,066      26,477

Gas processing, transportation and administrative