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<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001012870-01-503296.txt : 20020413
<SEC-HEADER>0001012870-01-503296.hdr.sgml : 20020413
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0001012870-01-503296
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K405
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 3
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20010930
FILED AS OF DATE: 20011228
FILER:
COMPANY DATA:
COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: KEYNOTE SYSTEMS INC
CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001032761
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: SERVICES-BUSINESS SERVICES, NEC [7389]
IRS NUMBER: 943226488
STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE
FISCAL YEAR END: 0930
FILING VALUES:
FORM TYPE: 10-K405
SEC ACT: 1934 Act
SEC FILE NUMBER: 000-27241
FILM NUMBER: 1825861
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 2855 CAMPUS DRIVE
CITY: SAN MATEO
STATE: CA
ZIP: 94403
BUSINESS PHONE: 6505221000
MAIL ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 2855 CAMPUS DRIVE
CITY: SAN MATEO
STATE: CA
ZIP: 94403
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>10-K405
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d10k405.txt
<DESCRIPTION>FORM 10-K FOR PERIOD ENDED 09/30/2001
<TEXT>
<PAGE>
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
---------------------
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2001
OR
[_] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _______ to _______
Commission File Number 000-27241
---------------------
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 94-3226488
(State or other jurisdiction (I.R.S. Employer
of incorporation or organization) Identification No.)
777 Mariners Island Blvd, San Mateo, CA 94404
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
---------------------
Registrant's telephone number, including area code:
(650) 403-2400
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Common Stock, $0.001 Par Value Per Share
---------------------
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the
best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. [X]
As of December 24, 2001, the aggregate market value of voting stock held by
non-affiliates of the Registrant was $211,918,663.
The number of shares of the Registrant's common stock outstanding as of
December 24, 2001 was 28,212,206.
Documents incorporated by reference: portions of the Registrant's proxy
statements for its 2002 annual meeting of stockholders are incorporated by
reference.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<PAGE>
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
Page
----
ITEM 1: Business .......................................................... 4
ITEM 2: Properties ........................................................ 14
ITEM 3: Legal Proceedings ................................................. 15
ITEM 4: Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders ............... 15
ITEM 4A: Executive Officers ................................................ 15
PART II
ITEM 5: Market for the Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder
Matters ........................................................... 16
ITEM 6: Selected Consolidated Financial Data .............................. 17
ITEM 7: Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results of Operations ............................................. 18
ITEM 7A: Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risks........ 38
ITEM 8: Financial Statements and Supplementary Data ....................... 39
ITEM 9: Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants and Accounting and
Financial Disclosure .............................................. 62
PART III
ITEM 10: Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant ................ 62
ITEM 11: Executive Compensation ............................................ 62
ITEM 12: Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management .... 62
ITEM 13: Certain Relationships and Related Transactions .................... 62
PART IV
ITEM 14: Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K ... 63
Signatures ................................................................ 65
2
<PAGE>
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Except for historical information, this annual report contains
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities
Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These
forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties, including, among
other things, statements regarding our anticipated costs and expenses and
revenue mix. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements
including the words "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "believe" and similar
language. Our actual results may differ significantly from those projected in
the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to these
differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations--Factors That May Impact Future Operating Results" and elsewhere in
this report. You should carefully review the risks described in other documents
we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including
the quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K that we file
in 2002. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking
statements, which speak only as of the date of this annual report on Form 10-K.
We undertake no obligation to publicly release any revisions to the
forward-looking statements or reflect events or circumstances after the date of
this document.
3
<PAGE>
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Overview
Keynote provides web performance benchmarking, testing, and application
performance measurement services to companies that operate electronic business,
or e-business web sites. Our services are designed to enable our customers to
improve the quality of service of their e-business web sites and wireless data
applications networks around the world. We believe that companies who use our
services can increase revenues, improve customer satisfaction and retention,
reduce customer support costs and gain a competitive advantage. We have designed
our services to be easy for customers to try, purchase and use on a subscription
basis. Our customers include approximately 2,800 leading e-business companies,
and our 10 largest customers, based on revenues for the fiscal year ended
September 30, 2001, are Actual IT, American Express, Deutsche Bank, Digital
Island, Exodus Communications, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Intermedia Communications,
Microsoft and Oracle.
Keynote was founded in June 1995 to measure Internet performance and to
market and sell the information derived from our measurement results. In April
1997, we began to sell our first benchmarking service, Website
Perspective--Business Edition, to measure, assure, compare, and improve the
performance and availability of web file downloads through connections used to
access the Internet from the workplace. In September 1997, we released a new
version of Website Perspective and updated all existing customers, which allowed
our customers to view the performance data online without installing any
software. Our next release of Website Perspective, in July 1998, allowed our
customers to download and analyze the performance of entire web pages, including
text and graphics. In April 1999, we introduced Transaction Perspective, which
measures the time it takes to execute an interactive transaction that involves
the display of multiple web pages, such as placing an online stock trade order.
In December 1999, we introduced Website Perspective--Consumer Edition, which is
designed to measure a user's website experience using the various Internet
access methods typically used in homes, such as dial-up connections, cable
modems and digital subscriber lines. In October 2000, we introduced Streaming
Perspective, which monitors the quality of streaming audio and video on the
Internet. In February 2001, we introduced Keynote SLA Perspective, an
independent service level agreement verification solution designed to measure
the performance of content delivery networks, streaming providers, Web hosting
companies and ad networks. In October 2001, we introduced Keynote Wireless
Perspective, a service for measuring the performance and reliability of wireless
services.
In July 2000, as a result of our acquisition of Velogic, Inc., we added
load-testing capability to our testing services. We further enhanced our testing
services with the purchase in July 2001 of Envive Corporation and the
introduction of Keynote Test Perspective, a cost-effective, self-service
solution that allows customers to run transaction integrity tests, diagnostic
tests, and load tests on demand.
Our application performance management services began in January 1999, with
the introduction of our professional services team, now part of our application
performance management group, which provides customers with skilled individual
consultants to assist them in evaluating, interpreting and improving their
performance measurement and diagnostic results. In August 2000, following our
acquisition of Digital Content, L.L.C., we added our Red Alert monitoring
service. This service is a monitoring and alarm service that checks a customers
Internet connection and Web servers, day and night and alerts the customer when
its web site becomes inaccessible, returns incorrect data, or is slow in
responding to a connection request. In May 2001, we introduced Keynote
Enterprise Perspective, a fully-integrated Web Application Performance
Management Service designed to help e-business enterprises assure high-levels of
service on both sides of the firewall.
4
<PAGE>
In December 1999, we opened our international office, now located in
London, England. In Europe, we have implemented an indirect sales model and use
resellers to sell our services. International revenues to date have represented
less than 5% of total revenues.
We derive and expect to continue to derive our revenues from the sale of
our benchmarking, testing, and application performance management services. Our
Perspective services, together with our Red Alert services are
subscription-based services that our customers purchase for an initial three to
twelve month terms and then may renew their subscription on an annual,
semi-annual, or month-to-month basis. Subscription fees vary based on the number
of URLs measured, the number of measurement locations, the number of devices
monitored, the frequency of the measurements, the additional features ordered,
and the type of services. We offer consulting services on a per engagement
basis. Consulting revenues have amounted to 5% or less of total revenues to
date. We believe that consulting revenues may increase in the future slightly as
a percentage of total revenues, as we introduce additional services.
Keynote Services
Our services enable customers to monitor, measure and, thereby, improve
their e-business quality of service by measuring, testing, and diagnosing
performance from the end user perspective from multiple locations around the
world. The foundation of these measurement services is an extensive network of
strategically located computers connected to the major Internet backbones in
dozens of metropolitan areas worldwide, plus a sophisticated operations center
for collecting, analyzing and disseminating Internet performance and
availability data. Our measurement computers measure and analyze performance
data 24 hours a day, 7 days a week from an end-user perspective, from Internet
connection points in over 50 cities around the world on a variety of Internet
backbones. We had over 1,500 measurement computers deployed in 135 locations at
September 30, 2001. Our measurement computers currently measure for revenue the
performance of approximately 11,200 universal resource locators, or URLs. Our
services require no installation, configuration or maintenance updates by
customers because all software runs on our computers and produces results that
can be accessed over the Internet through any web browser.
The services we currently offer are listed below:
Number of
Cities in which
Date of Measurements
Services Introduction List Price May be Taken
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmarking Services:
Website Perspective-Business Edition April 1997 $295-$1,495 10, 35, and 50
Per month cities
Transaction Perspective April 1999 $995-$2,495 10 and 25
(version 3.0 Per month cities
introduced in
October 2001)
Website Perspective-Consumer Edition December 1999 $495-$2,495 10, 35, and 50
Per month cities
Streaming Perspective October 2000 $495-$9,995 10 cities
per month
SLA Perspective February 2001 $90-$895 --
Per month
Wireless Perspective October 2001 from $5,000 --
per month
Testing Services:
KeyReadiness LoadPro July 2000 From $5,000 --
per engagement,
depending on size
and complexity
Test Perspective July 2001
$2,000-$10,000, 10 cities
per month
5
<PAGE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Number of
Cities in which
Date of Measurements
Services Introduction List Price May be Taken
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Application Performance Management Services:
Custom APM January 1999 From $2,000 --
per engagement,
depending on size
and complexity
Red Alert August 2000 $50 per month 1 city
per measurement
device
Enterprise Perspective July 2001 From $20,000 worldwide
per engagement,
depending on size
and complexity
Custom Perspective November 2001 From $2,500 worldwide
per engagement
depending on size
and complexity
Advanced Technical Services November 2001 $1,500-$9,000 --
per month
</TABLE>
6
<PAGE>
Benchmarking Services
We offer our benchmarking services, which include our Perspective family of
services on a monthly subscription basis. Our customers typically enter into an
initial three to twelve month subscription agreement to purchase our services
and then may choose to renew these services on an annual, semi-annual, or
month-to-month basis after the initial term. Our customers can view a graphical
analysis of performance data from their web browsers using our online interface,
called MyKeynote. The general features of our subscription-based services
include:
. Standard and Custom Reporting. Measurements are delivered to our customers
through a daily email report and are available in real time via MyKeynote,
our browser-based web interface. Customers can configure threshold-based
performance alarms by metropolitan area based on download times and error
counts. When performance degradation occurs, notification alarms are sent
to customers via email and pager systems.
. Comprehensive Diagnostics. A "drill down" feature allows our customers to
specify a time period and metropolitan area and then to search specific
data to localize, analyze and diagnose problems. We also maintain
automated diagnostic centers at all measurement locations which allow our
customers to investigate performance bottlenecks and delays by tracing a
URL request from that location, performing error analysis and pinpointing
which Internet service provider, backbone provider or other source is
responsible for the performance delay.
Our customers can also analyze full-page measurement data to pinpoint and
address the cause of a performance delay. A full-page download consists of
a hypertext markup language, or HTML, page along with all associated
images and complex page structures. The full-page download time can be
further dissected into as many as six constituent elements, such as domain
name service lookup time or redirect time. This level of detail allows
network engineers and web site managers to precisely pinpoint the cause of
any performance delay and quickly resolve it. As changes are made to web
site content, connectivity or architecture, the resulting effect on
performance can also be precisely measured and compared.
. Comparative Analysis. In addition to delivering consistent performance,
e-business sites must ensure that they can perform more quickly and
reliably than competing web sites. Our customers can compare their
performance against competing sites selected by the customer and also
against our performance indices such as the Keynote Business 40 Index, the
Keynote Consumer 40 Index, The Keynote Web Broker Trading Index and our
International Business 40 Indices for five countries.
. Multiple Views of Web Site Performance. From any web browser, our
customers can easily access historical web site performance data over any
time range within the previous six weeks. For customers desiring
information more than six weeks old, this data can be displayed in summary
form as well as in customizable graphs that depict performance and types
of errors over time, metropolitan area or Internet backbone provider. This
data can also be easily downloaded, archived and used in our customers'
other applications.
Additional features of our Website Perspective services allow our customers
to measure the most common forms of end-user interaction with a web
site--downloading simple, complex or secure web pages and completing multi-page
transactions over the Internet. These additional features include:
. Benchmark Page. This service measures and compares the download time of a
single web object such as a text file or graphic element. With this data,
web site managers can measure and manage the effect of user geography and
Internet backbones on the performance of their web site, as experienced by
end users.
. Full Page Components. This service measures the time it takes to access
and download all of the elements of a web page, including the text file
and any graphic images and complex page structures. This service is
targeted at fast-changing web sites, enabling
7
<PAGE>
them to measure the effects of web-page design on end users' experience
with the web site over time and geography.
. Secure Page. This service measures the time it takes to access a secure,
encrypted page or execute a single-page transaction through a secure page.
This enables web sites managers to measure the effect of content and
security applications on end users' experience with web pages containing
sensitive information such as account balances or credit card numbers.
Testing Services
We offer our KeyReadiness LoadPro on a per engagement basis. We offer our
Test Perspective service on a monthly subscription basis. The features of our
testing services are summarized below:
. KeyReadiness LoadPro. KeyReadiness load-testing services are specifically
designed for pre-deployment testing of Internet web sites. We create loads
that simulate the complexity of the Internet and the behavior of
end-users. These realistic test conditions allow our customers to simulate
how their web sites will perform before opening their sites to their
customers. Our testing experts complete an analysis of the load-testing
results and recommend practical solutions to our customers.
. Test Perspective. This is a cost-effective, self-service solution that
allows customers to run transaction integrity tests, diagnostic tests, and
load tests on demand, and receive immediate feedback on modifications made
on website or any other aspect of the network. Test Perspective enables
customers to combine ease of a hosted service with the self-service
control of a software solution for day-to-day testing of web site changes,
periodic load tests, or diagnostic tests to pinpoint unexpected network
problems.
Application Performance Management Services
We offer our custom application performance management services to our
customers on a per engagement basis and our other application performance
management services on a monthly subscription basis. The features of these
services are summarized below:
. Enterprise Perspective. This service integrates our industry-leading
end-user and Internet performance data into customers' existing Enterprise
Management System, so that customers can effectively maintain application
availability on either side of the firewall.
. Custom Perspective. This service measures the performance of internal
networks, system architecture, and other local processes. When combined
with our other Perspective services, Custom Perspective enables customers
to correlate web performance inside the firewall with what the end-users
are experiencing outside of the firewall, which is designed to enable a
faster and more precise trouble-shooting.
. Red Alert. We offer monitoring and alarm services with our Red Alert
service. Red Alert monitors a customer's Internet connection, web servers,
and routers at least four times each hour throughout the day, and emails
or pages the customer whenever the site becomes inaccessible, returns
incorrect data, or is slow in responding to connection requests. Red Alert
can monitor virtually any Internet device, including secure web servers,
mail servers and domain name servers.
. Advanced Technical Services. We offer three service levels that provide
advanced diagnostic assistance and premier service capabilities across all
of our benchmarking, testing, and application performance management
solutions.
. Custom Application Performance Management Services (Custom APM)includes
SLA Management Services, Customer Data Views and Web Site Audits:
8
<PAGE>
. SLA Management Services provide a collaborative and consultative
approach to the SLA development process, assisting the customer with every
stage from conceptualization of the appropriate SLA metrics to ongoing
validation SLA Management Services are available in three versions: SLA
Life Cycle, SLA Reporting only, and SLA Analysis only
. Custom Data Views provide custom code development to satisfy
customers' advanced reporting requirements beyond MyKeynote-level
reporting. The Customer Data Views are provided through a file or custom
web interface.
. Web Site Audits investigate the performance-related impact of web site
design and infrastructure. The audits provide statistical analysis of
measurement data and provide key recommendations for optimizing
performance. The three types of Web Site Audits offered are: Diagnostic Web
Site Audits, Comparative Web Site Audits, and Trending Web Site Audits.
Technology and Infrastructure
We designed our Internet performance measurement infrastructure to allow us
to implement a flexible, scalable solution to e-business quality of service
problems. Our architecture consists of three key components: measurement and
data collection infrastructure, our database and operations center, and
reporting and analysis tools.
Measurement and Data Collection Infrastructure
Our measurement computers are Windows-based computers that run our
proprietary software to replicate the experience of a user accessing web sites
through a standard web browser. We designed our measurement-computer software to
perform thousands of download measurements concurrently without distorting or
affecting the integrity of any single measurement. The measurement computers are
located at the facilities of Internet service providers that are selected to be
statistically representative of Internet users in that geographic location. At
some locations, we employ multiple Internet connections and install equipment
racks that can accommodate multiple measurement computers, allowing for
large-scale, rapid deployment of additional measurement computers. The hosting
arrangements for our measurement computers typically have terms ranging from
three months to one year. We typically pay a small set-up fee and pay monthly
fees to continue to locate the measurement computers at these locations. We also
pay additional monthly fees for communications lines.
These measurement computers access a web site to download web pages and
execute multi-page transactions, while taking measurements of every component in
the process. The computers take measurements continually throughout the day, at
intervals as short as three minutes, depending on the customer's requirements
and subscription service level.
As of September 30, 2001, we had deployed more than 1,500 measurement
computers in 68 domestic and 67 international locations, with some locations
having multiple measurement computers in order to provide different types of
measurement services or to accommodate changes in measurement volume. We
continually upgrade and balance our network capacity to meet the needs of our
customers.
Database and Operations Center
Our operations center is designed to be scalable to support large numbers
of measurement computers and to store, analyze and manage large amounts of data
from these computers. Our measurement computers receive instructions from, and
return collected data to, our operations center. The data are stored in a large
database under a proprietary transaction-processing system that we designed to
be efficient in storing and delivering measurement data with sub-second response
times that are independent of increases in capacity. We also employ many
proprietary, high-performance application server computers that manage the
collection of measurement data, the insertion of the data into our database and
the dissemination of this data to our customers in a variety of forms and
delivery methods.
9
<PAGE>
Reporting And Analysis Tools
o Pager and Email Alerts. Our customers are notified by email or pager when
download times exceed a particular value in specific cities or error
counts indicate that a web site is unresponsive.
o Daily Email Reports. Our customers can receive a daily email that
summarizes the performance and availability of measured web sites and
compares them to industry averages for the same time period.
o Web-Based Analysis. Through their web browsers, our customers can login to
our online interface, MyKeynote, operations center with a password to
retrieve, view and analyze measurement data in multiple formats.
o Data Feed. Our customers may also retrieve measurement data through an
application program interface, or API, or through bulk file transfers
using an industry-standard file-transfer protocol called FTP. This allows
our customers to embed our measurement data in their own software to
create custom data-analysis applications.
Customers
We sell the majority of our services to our customers on a subscription
basis. For the year ended September 30, 2001, no one customer accounted for more
than 10% of our total revenues. As of September 30, 2001, we provided services
to approximately 2,800 companies including the following Fortune 100 companies:
Aetna General Electric Morgan Stanley Dean Witter
Albertson General Motors Motorola
American Express Goldman Sachs Group PepsiCo
AMR Hewlett-Packard Pfizer
AT&T Home Depot Philip Morris
AutoNation Honeywell International Proctor & Gamble
Bank of America Ingram Micro Prudential Insurance Co.
Bank One Corporation Intel of America
BellSouth International Business Reliant Energy
Boeing Machines Safeway
Bristol Myers Squibb JC Penney Sara Lee
Cardinal Health J.P. Morgan & Company SBC Corporation
Citigroup Johnson & Johnson Sears Roebuck
Coca-Cola Kmart Sprint
Compaq Computer Lehman Brothers Holdings State Farm Insurance Companies
ConAgra Loews Target
Costco Wholesale Lucent Technologies Tech Data
Dell Computer MCI Worldcom United Parcel Service
Enron McKesson HBOC Verizon Communications
Fannie Mae Merck Walgreens
FleetBoston Merrill Lynch Wal-Mart Stores
Ford Motor Metropolitan Life Insurance Walt Disney
Microsoft Wells Fargo
Sales, Marketing and Customer Support
Sales
We sell our services primarily through our direct sales organization located
in San Mateo, California. Our direct sales organization also provides telephone
and e-mail sales support, and pre-sales technical support. We believe our direct
sales approach enables us to focus our resources on ascertaining the needs of
our customers, to devote significant attention to customer satisfaction and to
quickly offer new services to our existing customers. We also market our
services through our web site, where customers can sign up to try, purchase and
use our services.
10
<PAGE>
Our national sales organization was formed in January 2000 to concentrate on
our large accounts, and dedicate individuals to those accounts. In addition to
our San Mateo, California location, our national sales organization include
members in Massachusetts, New York, and Virginia, which allows our sales
professionals to be geographically closer to many of our larger customers.
In addition, we distribute our services through web-hosting and Internet
service providers such as IBM, which manage e-business web sites for other
companies. These companies sell or bundle our services to their customer base as
a value-added service and as a management tool for their customers' web sites.
We also sell to content distribution providers, such as Akamai and Digital
Island, which use our services as a pre-sales tool for their potential
customers, or in service level agreements with their existing customers. We also
market our services through VeriSign and Hewlett-Packard on a lead referred
basis.
Marketing
We maintain an active marketing program designed to create brand awareness,
which includes our industry-standard benchmark indices that evaluate and rank
the relative performance of various web sites. Keynote indices, which are
published regularly online and in leading business and trade publications,
include:
o Keynote Business 40 Index of 40 selected business web sites, published
regularly in leading newspapers and trade publications;
o Keynote Consumer 40 Index of 40 selected consumer web sites, including
measurements from eight major metropolitan locations, collected using
standard telephone lines with 56K modems, published weekly;
o Keynote Streaming Media Performance Index of 20 leading web sites, which
include streaming media content;
o Keynote Government 40 Index of 40 key Federal Government web sites,
published weekly in the Federal Computer Week;
o Keynote Retail Benchmark of specific online retail sites, representing the
typical response times for establishing or filling standard online
multi-page transaction forms and response times for accessing or
downloading the homepages of important retail web sites;
o Keynote Web Broker Trading Index of 15 leading online stock brokers, based
on performance and success rates of actual stock buy-order transactions
submitted on their web sites, published weekly and available on the web
site of Smart Money, the Wall Street Journal and other reliable industry
sources; and
o International Indices of 40 selected business web sites, in various
international countries including France, Germany, United Kingdom,
Scandinavia, South Africa, and New Zealand.
Our key personnel have been featured in leading financial programs on both
television and radio and have been quoted extensively in online and print media
commenting on Internet performance and reliability. The Industry of the Month
report highlights the performance and availability results of a key e-business
web site such as insurance sites, travel sites, and news sites.
In all of our advertising and promotional materials, we offer e-business web
sites the opportunity to try our Website Perspective--Business Edition service
on a trial basis with a free performance appraisal. This no-charge trial exposes
potential customers to all aspects of our service with real performance data
collected for a URL of the customer's choice and typically a competitor's URL.
In addition, we offer our KeyEducation program, which includes one-day
seminars, online training and quarterly trips to major metropolitan areas to
help our customers understand the Keynote data, and educate them on how to use
our services effectively throughout their organizations.
11
<PAGE>
Customer Support
We believe that a high level of customer support is integral to our success
in creating solutions that our customers will view as indispensable to their
ability to provide high quality of service in all aspects of their e-businesses.
Therefore, we provide customer support 24 hours per day by email and telephone.
We have developed and expanded our customer support services based on feedback
received from our existing customers. This feedback is supplemented by formal
customer satisfaction surveys conducted by an independent third party.
In November 2001, we introduced the availability of our Advanced Technical
Services, which provides three tiered support - Silver, Gold and Platinum. Our
advanced technical services offers a range of services for less complex
technical support to the more demanding and in-depth support and diagnostic
needs of enterprise customers. These services provide advanced diagnostic
assistance and premier service capabilities across all of our benchmarking,
testing and application performance management solutions.
Research and Development
We believe that our future success will depend in large part on our ability
to maintain and enhance our current services and to develop new services that
achieve market acceptance. For example, we have developed Enterprise
Perspective, which allows companies to access all the data they need to maintain
their Web-enabled applications from a single console without having to worry
about conflicting formats or platforms. Our research and development expenses
were $7.2 million for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2001, $5.5 million for
the fiscal year ended September 30, 2000, and $2.1 million for the fiscal year
ended September 30, 1999.
The Internet is characterized by rapid technological developments, frequent
new application introductions and evolving industry standards. The ongoing
evolution of the Internet requires us to continually improve the functionality,
features and reliability of our web performance benchmarking and web performance
management services, particularly in response to competing offerings. We must
also introduce new services or enhancements as quickly as possible. The success
of service introductions depends on several factors, including properly defining
the scope of the new services and timely completion, introduction and market
acceptance of our new services. If new Internet, networking or telecommunication
technologies or standards are widely adopted or if other technological changes
occur, we may need to expend significant resources to adapt our services.
Competition
The market for web performance benchmarking, testing, and application
performance management services is relatively new and rapidly evolving. We
expect competition in this market to intensify in the future. Our competitors
vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the products and services that they
offer. We face competition from companies that offer software and services with
features similar to our services. For example, Mercury Interactive offers
services that competes with our Transaction and Testing Perspective services and
Gomez Advisors offers services similar to our Website Perspective-Business
Edition and Transaction Perspective services. In addition, with respect to our
KeyReadiness LoadPro service, we compete with companies that offer load-testing
software, such as Segue Software, or that offer both load-testing software and
services, such as Mercury Interactive. With respect to our Red Alert monitoring
service, we face competition from software companies such as Freshwater
Software, a division of Mercury Interactive. While we believe these services are
not as comprehensive as ours, customers could still choose to use these less
comprehensive services or these companies could enhance their services to offer
all of the features we offer.
We could also face competition from other companies, which currently do not
offer services similar to our services, but offer software or services related
to web performance benchmarking, testing, and application performance
management, such as WebCriteria, MIDS Matrix IQ Service, and INS INSoft
Division, and free services that measure web site availability, including the
WebSite Garage unit of Netscape, NetMechanic and Internet Weather Report, a unit
of MIDS Matrix IQ Service. In addition, companies that sell network management
software, such as BMC Software, CompuWare, CA-Unicenter, HP-Openview and IBM's
Tivoli Unit, with some of whom we have strategic relationships, could choose to
offer services similar to ours.
In the future, we intend to expand our service offerings by measuring the
speed with which a web site can be navigated and desired content can be located.
We intend to continue to measure the impact of new Internet technologies such as
wireless telephony (recently introduced in October 2001)
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and Internet telephony. As we expand the scope of our products and services, we
may encounter many additional, market-specific competitors. For example, in July
2001, we introduced our test perspective service. Mercury Interactive has an
offering that competes with Test Perspective as well as our other load testing
services.
Some of our existing and future competitors have or may have longer
operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition in similar
businesses, and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical and other
resources. In addition, some of our competitors may be able to devote greater
resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, to adopt more aggressive
pricing policies, and to devote substantially more resources to technology and
systems development.
Increased competition may result in price reductions, increased costs of
providing our services and loss of market share, any of which could seriously
harm our business. We may not be able to compete successfully against our
current and future competitors.
Intellectual Property
We are a technology company whose success depends on developing and
protecting our intellectual property assets.
Our Intellectual Property Assets
Our principal intellectual property assets consist of our trademarks, our
patent, our patent applications and the software we developed to provide our
services. Trademarks are important to our business because they represent our
brand name and we use them in our marketing and promotional activities as well
as in the delivery of our services. Our trademarks include our registered
trademark Keynote. This trademark has not been registered as a trademark outside
of the United States. We have other trademarks that have not been registered
with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. These include Perspective and The
Internet Performance Authority.
We currently have one issued U.S. patent and no foreign patents. We have ten
pending U.S. patent applications, and we have no pending foreign patent
applications related to these entities. Three U.S. patent applications relate to
our technology that measures the speed of Internet transactions. The remaining
seven U.S. patent applications relate to our testing and wireless technology. It
is possible that no patents will be issued from our currently pending patent
applications and that our issued patent or potential future patents may be found
invalid or unenforceable, or otherwise be successfully challenged. It is also
possible that any patent issued to us may not provide us with any competitive
advantages, that we may not develop future proprietary products or technologies
that are patentable, and that the patents of others may seriously limit our
ability to do business. In this regard, we have not performed any comprehensive
analysis of patents of others that may limit our ability to do business.
Our proprietary software consists of the software we developed to collect,
store, and deliver our measurement data to customers. We also have developed
software that we use to process customer orders and billings.
How We Protect Our Intellectual Property
The intellectual property we use in our business is important to us. We have
trademarks, service marks, one U.S. patent and ten U.S. patent applications
with respect to our Internet performance measurement technology, and we have
also developed proprietary software that we use to deliver our services to our
customers. Despite our efforts, we may be unable to prevent others from
infringing upon or misappropriating our intellectual property, which could harm
our business.
Legal standards relating to the validity, enforceability and scope of
protection of intellectual property rights in Internet-related industries are
uncertain and still evolving, and the future viability or value of any of our
intellectual property rights is uncertain. Effective trademark, copyright and
trade secret protection may not be available in every country in which our
products are distributed or made available. Furthermore, our competitors may
independently develop similar technology that substantially limits the value of
our intellectual property, or they may design around patents issued to us.
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Many of our customers' use of our services is governed by a web-based
subscription agreement, rather than by means of a formal, written contract. Each
time customers use our services, they "click" on a web page to agree to terms
and conditions that are posted on our web site, and our relationship with these
customers is then governed by these terms and conditions. There is a possibility
that a court, arbiter or regulatory body could deem this type of agreement to be
invalid or determine that the terms and conditions governing the agreement do
not fully protect our intellectual property rights. If that were to occur, our
business could be harmed. Although we are not currently engaged in litigation,
we may in the future need to initiate a lawsuit to enforce our intellectual
property rights and to protect our patents, if issued, trademarks and
copyrights. Any litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of
resources and could seriously harm our business.
It Is Possible That We Could Become Subject To Litigation
To date, we have not been notified that our technologies infringe the
proprietary rights of anyone. We cannot assure you that others will not claim
that we have infringed proprietary rights with respect to past, current or
future technologies. We expect that we could become subject to intellectual
property infringement claims as the number of our competitors grows and our
services overlap with competitive offerings. These claims, even if not
meritorious, could be expensive and divert management's attention from operating
our company. If we become liable for infringing their intellectual property
rights, we would be required to pay a substantial damage award and to develop
non-infringing technology, obtain a license or cease selling the services that
contain the infringing intellectual property. We may be unable to develop
non-infringing technology or to obtain a license on commercially reasonable
terms, if at all.
We License Technology Used In Providing Our Services
We license certain statistical, graphical and database technologies from
others. We cannot assure you that these technology licenses will not infringe
the proprietary rights of others or will continue to be available to us on
commercially reasonable terms, if at all. The loss of this technology could
require us to obtain substitute technology of lower quality performance
standards or at greater cost. If we do not obtain or develop substitute
technology, we could be unable to offer all of the features or functionality
that we desire to include in our services.
Employees
As of September 30, 2001, we had a total of 260 employees, of which 252 were
based in the United States, and 8 were based internationally. None of our
employees are represented by a collective bargaining agreement nor have we
experienced any work stoppage. We believe that our relations with our employees
are good. Our future success depends on our ability to attract, motivate and
retain our key personnel. We may be unable to retain our key employees, namely
our management team, which is listed in Item 4A "Executive Officers", and
experienced engineers, or to attract, assimilate or retain other highly
qualified employees. Although a number of other technology companies have also
implemented workforce reductions, there remains substantial competition for
highly skilled employees with experience in the Internet industry, a complex
industry that requires a unique knowledge base. Our key employees are not bound
by agreements that could prevent them from terminating their employment at any
time.
In addition, because we sell our web performance benchmarking, testing, and
application performance management services primarily through our direct sales
force, we may need to attract additional sales personnel to grow our revenues.
Our ability to deliver our services also depends on our ability to attract and
retain operations personnel. There is a shortage of qualified sales and
operations personnel and competition for personnel in our industry is intense.
We may not be able to attract, assimilate or retain new personnel.
Item 2. Properties.
We have a 188,000 square feet Class A office building in San Mateo,
California under a synthetic lease arrangement. We occupy approximately 67,000
square feet of this facility as of August 2001. This facility is our principal
sales/marketing, product development and administrative location and contains
our operations personnel and data center. We believe that our facilities are
adequate for our current needs and that suitable additional or
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alternative space will be available in the future on commercially reasonable
terms. We lease a 550 square feet office in London, England that is rented on a
month-to-month basis. We have entered in a five-year lease, expiring on
December 2005, for approximately 8,000 square feet in Dallas, Texas, which is
occupied by our Red Alert operations. We own substantially all of the equipment
used in our facilities, except equipment held under capitalized lease
arrangements. In November 2001, we entered into an eighteen month lease in
Seattle, Washington for 1,615 square feet. See Note 12 of the Notes to
Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding our lease
agreements.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We are subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising in the
ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is currently not
determinable, management does not expect that the ultimate costs to resolve
these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's consolidated
financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Beginning August 16, 2001, a number of class action lawsuits have been filed
in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
against us, certain of our officers and the underwriters. These so-called
"laddering" lawsuits are essentially identical, and were brought on behalf of
those who purchased Keynote's publicly traded securities between September 24,
1999 and August 19, 2001. These complaints allege that the underwriters of our
initial public offering allocated shares in our initial public offering in
exchange for agreements by investors to buy additional shares in the aftermarket
at a higher price or to buy shares in other companies with higher than normal
commissions. The complaint also alleges that the prospectus for our initial
public offering was false and misleading in violation of federal securities laws
because it did not disclose these alleged arrangements. The complaints, together
with numerous other "laddering" cases, have been consolidated into a single
action. We believe the claims are without merit and intend to defend the actions
vigorously. However, these claims, even if not meritorious, could be expensive
and divert management's attention from operating our company.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
Not applicable.
Item 4A. Executive Officers.
The following table presents information regarding our executive officers as
of December 20, 2001:
Name Age Position
- ---- --- --------
Umang Gupta ........ 52 Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer
Donald Aoki ........ 44 Vice President of Engineering
Lloyd Taylor ....... 43 Vice President of Operations
John Flavio ........ 54 Senior Vice President of Finance, Chief Financial
Officer and Secretary
Marilyn Kanas ...... 55 Vice President of Marketing and Public Services
Umang Gupta has served as one of our directors since September 1997 and as
our chief executive officer and chairman of the board of directors since
December 1997. From January 1996 to December 1997, he was a private investor and
an advisor to high-technology companies. From October 1984 to January 1996, he
was the founder and chairman of the board and chief executive officer of Centura
Software Corporation, formerly known as Gupta Corporation, a client/server tools
and database company. Prior to founding Gupta Corporation, from 1980 to 1984, he
was with Oracle Corporation, a database and application software company, where
his last position held was vice president and general manager of its
Microcomputer Products Division. From 1973 to 1980, he held various sales and
marketing positions at IBM. Mr. Gupta holds a B.S. degree in chemical
engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India, and an
M.B.A. degree from Kent State University.
Donald Aoki has served as our vice president of engineering since May 1997.
From December 1994 to May 1997, he served as a business unit general manager and
from March 1994 to December 1994 as a director of software development at Aspect
Telecommunications, a supplier of customer relationship management solutions.
From 1992 to 1994, Mr. Aoki served as director of
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development of TIBCO, a financial information systems company, and from 1985 to
1992 as senior director of development for Oracle Corporation. Mr. Aoki holds a
B.S. degree in computer science from the University of Southern California and a
M.S. degree in electrical engineering and computer science from the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Lloyd Taylor has served as our vice president of operations since January
1999. From January 1997 to December 1998, he served as vice president of
technical operations of the Web Site Management Group of Digex, Inc., a web site
management services company. From May 1981 to January 1997, he served in various
positions at the Applied Physics Laboratory at Johns Hopkins University, most
recently as corporate telecommunications manager, where he designed and
implemented computer systems for several NASA space shuttle missions and highly
secure encryption systems for military applications. Mr. Taylor holds an
M.S.E.E. degree in electrical engineering from Johns Hopkins University and a
B.S.E.E. degree in electrical engineering and a B.S.C.S. degree in computer
science, each from Washington University.
John Flavio has served as our vice president of finance, chief financial
officer and secretary since July 1999. He was recently promoted to Senior Vice
President in October 2001. From July 1993 to July 1999, he served as chief
financial officer, senior vice president, administration and finance, secretary
and treasurer of Mosaix Inc., a provider of call management systems and customer
relationship management applications, which was acquired by Lucent Technologies
in July 1999. Prior to joining Mosaix, Mr. Flavio worked for a number of
high-technology companies, including serving as chief financial officer for
Lumisys Inc., a manufacturer of digital cameras used for medical x-ray scanning,
and Ministor Peripherals, a manufacturer of sub-miniature disk drives used in
portable computers. From 1971 to 1975, Mr. Flavio worked for the public
accounting firm of Ernst and Young. Mr. Flavio holds a B.S. degree in finance
from Santa Clara University and is a certified public accountant.
Marilyn Kanas has served as our vice president of marketing and public
services since October 2000. From June 2000 to October 2000, she served as our
senior director of public services. From January 2000 to June 2000, Ms. Kanas
served as vice president of marketing for Velogic, Inc., a provider of web site
load-testing services, which we acquired in June 2000. From November 1998 to
January 2000, Ms. Kanas served as vice president of field marketing at
Netmanage, a supplier of e-business infrastructure software, and from January
1998 to November 1998 she was an independent marketing consultant. From July
1996 to January 1998 she served as vice president of worldwide marketing at
Datametrics, a systems management software company subsequently acquired by
Zitel. From December 1995 to July 1996, she served as director of A+ software
marketing of Amdahl Corporation, an enterprise-level management and operational
software company. Ms. Kanas holds a B.A. degree in sociology from the University
of Pennsylvania.
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters.
Price Range Of Common Stock
Our common stock has traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"KEYN" since our initial public offering of stock on September 24, 1999. Prior
to this time, there was no public market for our common stock. On December 24,
2001, we had 28,212,206 shares of our common stock outstanding held by 172
stockholders of record. Because brokers and other institutions hold many of the
shares on behalf of stockholders, we believe the total number of beneficial
holders is greater than that represented by these record holders. The following
table presents the high and low sales price per share of our common stock for
the period indicated, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market:
High Low
------- ------
Fiscal Year ended September 30, 2001
Fourth Quarter .........................$ 10.95 $ 6.50
Third Quarter .......................... 14.10 8.75
Second Quarter ......................... 18.25 9.88
First Quarter .......................... 29.31 12.50
Fiscal Year ended September 30, 2000
Fourth Quarter .........................$ 85.25 $22.25
Third Quarter .......................... 103.75 26.50
Second Quarter ......................... 177.00 69.00
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First Quarter ............................ 82.00 23.50
Fiscal Year ended September 30, 1999
Fourth Quarter (from September 24, 1999) $ 33.38 $17.25
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated in the past and is
likely to fluctuate in the future. In addition, the market prices of securities
of other technology companies, particularly Internet-related companies, have
been highly volatile. This volatility is often unrelated to the operating
performance of these companies. Factors that may have a significant effect on
the market price of our common stock include:
o actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;
o announcements of new Internet performance measurement service offerings by
us or our competitors;
o announcements of technological innovations;
o competitive developments;
o changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
o failure in one or more future quarters of our operating results to meet
the expectations of securities analysts or investors;
o changes in market valuations of Internet-related companies;
o additions or departures of key personnel, notably our management team and
experienced engineers;
o conditions and trends in the Internet and e-business industries; and
o general economic conditions.
Dividend Policy
We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock or
other securities, and we do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the
foreseeable future. In addition, the terms of our loan agreements prevent us
from paying cash dividends.
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data.
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in
conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, and
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10K. The
consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended September 30,
2001, 2000 and 1999, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of September 30,
2001 and 2000, are derived from and are qualified in their entirety by our
Consolidated Financial Statements that have been audited by KPMG LLP,
independent auditors, and are included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form
10-K. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended
September 30, 1998 and 1997, and the consolidated balance sheet data as of
September 30, 1999, 1998 and 1997, are derived from our audited consolidated
financial statements which do not appear elsewhere in this report. The
historical results presented below are not necessarily indicative of the results
to be expected for any future fiscal year.
Years Ended September 30,
---------------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999 1998 1997
--------- -------- ------- ------- -------
(in thousands, except per share data)
Statement of Operations Data:
Total revenues .................$ 45,629 $ 33,767 $ 7,272 $ 1,539 $ 81
Loss from operations (1) ....... (74,083) (17,180) (7,015) (2,957) (2,018)
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<TABLE>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Net loss (1) ....................... (56,401) (2,715) (7,110) (2,918) (2,049)
Basic and diluted net loss per
Share (1) ........................ (2.04) (0.11) (1.54) (1.10) (0.84)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents, and
Short-term investments ........... $251,696 $260,201 $64,647 $ 2,293 $ 1,150
Restricted cash .................... 85,000 85,000 -- -- --
Total cash, cash equivalents,
Short-term investments and
restricted cash .................. 336,696 345,201 64,647 2,293 1,150
Total assets ....................... 372,664 408,611 71,071 3,918 1,670
Long-term obligations .............. -- 791 2,842 303 199
Redeemable convertible preferred
stock ............................ -- -- -- 8,529 3,828
Total stockholders' equity
(deficit) ........................ 343,119 392,080 63,242 (5,552) (2,588)
</TABLE>
(1) Loss from operations, net loss and per share data reported on the above
table reflect restructuring, impairment, and excess facility charges in the
amount of $41.8 million for the year ended September 30, 2001. For information
regarding comparability of this data as it may relate to future periods, see
discussion in Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations and Note 10 of the Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements under Item 8 of this report.
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results
of Operations.
Overview
We provide Internet performance services that enable companies to
benchmark, test and manage their e-business web sites. We believe that companies
who use our services can increase revenues, improve customer support and
retention, reduce customer support costs, and gain a competitive advantage.
Revenues consist of subscription services revenue and consulting revenues.
Subscription services revenue consists of fees from subscriptions to our
Internet measurement, monitoring and diagnostic services. Our subscription
revenues are deferred upon invoicing and are recognized ratably over the service
period, generally ranging from one to twelve months. Deferred revenue is mostly
comprised of deferred subscription revenue. A portion of subscription revenues
is invoiced monthly upon completion of measurement services. Any unearned
revenue is recorded as deferred revenue on our balance sheet. As of September
30, 2001, we had recorded $5.4 million of deferred revenue. Revenues from our
consulting services are recognized as the services are performed; a typical
project duration is approximately one to three months. For longer consulting
projects, we recognize revenue on a percentage-of-completion basis.
We derive and expect to continue to derive our revenues from the sale of
our web performance benchmarking, testing and application performance management
services. Our Perspective services, together with our Red Alert monitoring and
alarm service, are subscription-based services that our customers purchase for
an initial three to twelve month terms and then may renew their subscription on
an annual, semi-annual, or month-to-month basis. Subscription fees vary based on
the number of URLs measured, the number of devices monitored, the number of
measurement locations, the frequency of the measurements, the additional
features ordered, and the type of services. We offer our consulting services on
a per engagement basis. Consulting revenues have amounted to 5% or less of total
revenues to date. We believe that consulting revenues may increase in the future
slightly as a percentage of total revenue, as we introduce additional services.
Our business has grown since inception, with total revenues of $7.3 million
for the year ended September 30, 1999, $33.8 million for the year ended
September 30, 2000, and $45.6 million for the year ended September 30, 2001. We
incurred net losses of $7.1 million for the year ended September 30, 1999, $2.7
million for the year ended September 30, 2000, and $56.4 million for the year
ended September 30, 2001. During fiscal 2001, we experienced a reduction in
revenue from Internet service provider customers, e-commerce and other Internet
businesses. We also experienced an increase in cancellations and nonrenewals. We
cannot assure you that we will become profitable, or, if we do, that we will
sustain profitability. We expect to incur losses in the future.
For the year ended September 30, 2001, our 10 largest customers accounted
for approximately 23% of total revenues. We cannot be certain that customers
that have accounted for significant revenues in past periods, individually or in
aggregate, will renew our
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services and continue to generate revenue in any future period. In addition, our
customer agreements can generally be terminated at any time with little or no
penalty. If we lose a major customer or a group of significant customers, our
revenues could significantly decline.
Results of Operations
The following table sets forth our revenue, expenses, interest income,
interest (expense), and net loss as a percentage of total revenues for each of
the three years ended September 30, 2001:
Years ended
September 30,
-----------------------
2001 2000 1999
---- ---- ----
Revenues:
Subscription services .............................. 95.0% 96.0% 97.0%
Consulting services ................................ 5.0 4.0 3.0
----- ----- -----
Total revenues .................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0
Expenses:
Costs of subscription services ..................... 29.3 28.4 31.8
Costs of consulting services ....................... 6.5 5.8 6.1
Research and development ........................... 15.8 16.2 28.3
Sales and marketing ................................ 47.1 49.9 73.3
Operations ......................................... 16.8 14.4 22.5
General and administrative ......................... 15.9 16.1 22.6
Restructuring costs ................................ 1.0 -- --
Excess facility costs .............................. 24.1 -- --
Acquisition-related charges, amortization and
impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets
and amortization of stock-based compensation ..... 106.1 20.0 11.8
----- ----- -----
Total operating expenses ........................ 262.6 150.8 196.4
Loss from operations ............................(162.3) (50.8) (96.4)
Interest income ...................................... 41.1 44.5 4.4
Interest expense ..................................... (1.0) (1.7) (5.7)
----- ----- -----
Net loss ...........................................(123.6)% (8.0)% (97.7)%
====== ===== =====
Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2001 and 2000
Revenues
2001 2000 % Change
------- ------ --------
(In thousands)
Subscription services ............................. $43,428 $32,366 34%
Consulting services ............................... $ 2,201 $ 1,401 57%
Subscription Services. Revenues from subscription services increased $11.1
million or 34% during the year ended September 30, 2001 as compared to the year
ended September 30, 2000. Subscription services represented 95% of total
revenues for the year ended September 30, 2001, and 96% of total revenues in the
year ended September 30, 2000. The increase in revenue was attributable to the
increase in the number of new customers, the increase in services revenue
purchased by existing customers, and the introduction of new services introduced
during the year. We do not distinguish between revenues generated by new
customers and revenues generated by existing customers. During fiscal 2001, we
experienced a reduction in revenue from Internet service provider customers,
e-commerce and other Internet businesses. We also experienced an increase in
cancellations and nonrenewals. For the year ended September 30, 2001, no single
customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenues. For the year ended
September 30, 2000, one customer accounted for approximately 10% of total
revenues.
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Consulting Services. Revenues from consulting services increased $800,000
or 57% during the year ended September 30, 2001 as compared to the year ended
September 30, 2000. We introduced our professional services in January 1999. Our
load-testing service began contributing to revenues in July 2000, following our
acquisition of Velogic, Inc. Although consulting revenues have not been
significant to date, we believe that revenues from consulting services will
account for a greater portion of total revenues in the future as we introduce
additional services and increase the customer base.
Expenses:
Costs of Subscription Services and Consulting Services
2001 2000 % Change
------ ------ ---------
(In thousands)
Costs of subscription services ............. $13,388 $9,577 40%
Costs of consulting services ............... $ 2,971 $1,973 51%
Costs of Subscription Services. Costs of subscription services consist of
connection fees to Internet service providers for bandwidth usage of our
measurement computers, which are located around the world, and depreciation,
maintenance and other equipment charges for our measurement and data collection
infrastructure. Costs of subscription services increased approximately $3.8
million or 40% during the year ended September 30, 2001 as compared to the year
ended September 30, 2000. This increase was primarily due to the greater number
of measurement computers deployed and additional bandwidth consumption,
resulting in higher connection fees and more depreciation and equipment charges.
In addition, in fiscal 2001, we continued to increase measurement capacity and
bandwidth at our existing locations and expand our measurement infrastructure.
We also incurred one-time termination charges from various suppliers associated
with our bandwidth reduction program. In spite of the significant increase in
total costs of subscription services as a percentage of revenues, costs of
subscription services only increased slightly to 31% of subscription service
revenue in fiscal 2001 as compared to 30% in fiscal 2000. Continued cost
reduction efforts are underway designed to reduce costs or limit the increase in
costs in future periods.
Costs of Consulting Services. Costs of consulting services consist of
compensation expenses for consulting personnel and network infrastructure costs
associated with our load-testing service. Due to the emerging stage of our
consulting service offerings, costs of consulting services exceeded consulting
services revenue in fiscal 2001 and fiscal 2000. We expect that the costs of
consulting services as a percentage of consulting services revenues will
continue to be greater than the costs of subscription services as a percentage
of subscription service revenues.
Research and Development
2001 2000 % Change
------ ------ ---------
(In thousands)
Research and development ................... $7,217 $5,468 32%
Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and
related costs for research and development personnel. Research and development
expenses increased $1.7 million, or 32% during the year ended September 30, 2001
as compared to the year ended September 30, 2000. This increase was due to the
increase in software engineers, project management and quality assurance
personnel. To date, all research and development expenses have been expensed as
incurred. We believe that a significant investment in research and development
is essential for us to maintain our market position and to continue to enhance
and expand our services. We anticipate that research and development expenses
will increase in the foreseeable future due to the increases in occupancy costs
associated with our
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new building, the addition of new development teams in connection with our
acquisitions of Envive and On Device, and other normal recurring
compensation-related charges.
Sales and Marketing
2001 2000 % Change
------- ------- ---------
(In thousands)
Sales and marketing ................... $21,508 $16,835 28%
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and
bonuses earned by sales and marketing personnel, lead-referral fees, marketing
programs and travel expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased $4.7
million or 28% during the year ended September 30, 2001 as compared to the year
ended September 30, 2000. The increase was due to our investment in additional
personnel in our sales and marketing organization and marketing programs and
increased variable sales compensation expense associated with higher revenues.
We believe that continued significant investments in our sales and marketing
efforts are essential for us to maintain our market position and to further
increase acceptance of our services. We anticipate that sales and marketing
expenses will increase slightly in the foreseeable future due to the increases
in occupancy costs associated with our new building and other normal recurring
compensation-related charges.
Operations
2001 2000 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Operations ............................ $7,662 $4,866 57%
Operations expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for
management personnel and technical support personnel, who manage and maintain
our field measurement and collection infrastructure, headquarters data center
and provide twenty-four by seven customer support. Our operations personnel also
work closely with other departments to assure the reliability of our services
and to support our sales and marketing activities. Our operations expenses
increased $2.8 million or 57% during the year ended September 30, 2001 as
compared to the year ended September 30, 2000. The increase in operations
expenses was primarily related to the hiring of personnel to manage and support
our larger customer base. The increase in operations expenses was also
attributable to telecommunication fees related to the move of our data center to
our new building. We believe that continued investment is necessary to support
our ability to successfully develop, deploy and operate our Internet measurement
infrastructure, as well as to successfully support our customer base. We
anticipate that operations expenses will increase slightly in the foreseeable
future due to the increases in occupancy costs associated with our new building
and other normal recurring compensation-related charges.
General and Administrative
2001 2000 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
General and administrative ............ $7,265 $5,442 33%
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and
related expenses, accounting, legal and administrative expenses, insurance,
professional service fees and other general corporate expenses. Our general and
administrative expenses increased $1.8 million or 33% during the year ended
September 30, 2001 as compared to the year ended September 30, 2000. The
increase in our general and administrative expenses was primarily related to
hiring additional employees to support the growth of our business. We anticipate
that general and administrative expenses will increase slightly in the
foreseeable future due to the increases
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in occupancy costs associated with our new building and other normal recurring
compensation-related charges.
Restructuring Costs
2001 2000 % Change
-------- ------ --------
(In thousands)
Restructuring costs .............. $271 -- --
In April 2001, we incurred restructuring costs of $271,000 relating to a
reduction in our workforce. We reduced our workforce by approximately 36
employees or 13% from March 31, 2001. The restructuring costs consisted of
severance payments, which were paid in full during the quarter ended June 30,
2001.
Excess Facility Costs
2001 2000 % Change
-------- ------ --------
(In thousands)
Excess facility costs ............ $11,012 -- --
For the year ended September 30, 2001, we recorded a charge of $11.0 million
for certain costs related to the unoccupied portion of our headquarters building
in San Mateo, California. We are currently occupying approximately 40% of the
building, and are actively seeking tenants for the remaining 60%. The $11.0
million charge includes certain lease costs such as lease expense, insurance,
and property taxes. Other operating costs associated with the unoccupied space
will be reported as incurred as operating expenses in future periods. Actual
future cash requirements may differ materially from the reserve balance at
September 30, 2001. As of September 30, 2001, $10.3 million of the excess
facility charge remains accrued.
Acquisition-Related Charges, Amortization and Impairment of Goodwill and Other
Intangible Assets and Amortization of Stock-Based Compensation
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
2001 2000 % Change
----- ----- --------
(In thousands)
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Amortization of goodwill and intangible assets ..... $12,741 $4,846 163%
Impairment of goodwill and intangible assets ....... 30,500 -- N/M
Amortization of deferred compensation .............. 4,836 1,600 202
Amortization of stock-based compensation ........... 341 340 0
-------- ------ -------
Acquisition-related charges, amortization and
impairment of goodwill and other intangible
assets and amortization of stock-based
compensation ...................................... $48,418 $6,786 613%
</TABLE>
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In connection with the purchase of Velogic Inc. in June 2000, Digital
Content, L.L.C. in August 2000, and the management service provider business of
Envive Corporation (Envive) in July 2001, we recorded approximately $52.7
million in goodwill and other intangible assets. For the year ended September
30, 2001, we recorded approximately $43.2 million in amortization and impairment
of goodwill and other intangible assets, of which approximately $30.5 million
related to impairment. In July 2001, we recorded approximately $3.5 million in
goodwill and other intangible assets associated with the asset acquisition of
Envive. At September 30, 2001, we had a remaining balance of approximately $3.0
million in goodwill and approximately $1.5 million in other intangible assets.
Beginning in the first fiscal quarter ending December 31, 2001, we will
early adopt SFAS 142, and we will no longer amortize goodwill. We expect the
amortization of intangible assets and stock-based compensation, including the
impact of our acquisition of the assets of On Device Corporation in October
2001, to be approximately $400,000 per quarter, assuming no additional
acquisitions or impairment charges. For the year ended September 30, 2001, we
recorded approximately $12.7 million in amortization of goodwill and other
intangible assets. Other intangible assets are being amortized over 36 months. A
portion of the consideration for the Digital Content acquisition, in the amount
of $6.4 million was attributed to deferred compensation, and was being amortized
over the six months ended March 31, 2001. For the year ended September 30, 2001,
we recorded approximately $4.8 million in acquisition-related amortization.
We review our goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment whenever
events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these
assets may not be recoverable. Our policy is to assess the recoverability of
goodwill and intangible assets using estimated undiscounted cash flows. Those
cash flows include an estimated terminal value based on a hypothetical sale of
an acquisition at the end of related goodwill and intangible assets amortization
period.
The impairment charge and remaining carrying value of goodwill and
intangible assets is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Other Carrying
Intangible Value at
Goodwill Assets Total 9/30/01
---------- -------- ------- --------
Digital Content ..... $ 3,100 $ 1,800 $ 4,900 $ 883
Velogic ............. 23,000 2,600 25,600 442
Envive .............. -- -- -- 3,172
-------- -------- -------- ------
Total ........... $ 26,100 $ 4,400 $ 30,500 $4,497
========= ======== ======== ======
Some options granted prior to June 30, 1999, have been considered to be
compensatory, as the estimated fair value for accounting purposes was greater
than the stock price as determined by the board of directors on the date of
grant. As a result, we have recorded amortization of deferred compensation
expense of $341,000 during the year ended September 30, 2001 and had an
aggregate of $452,000 included in deferred compensation remaining to be
amortized as of September 30, 2001. Deferred compensation is amortized on a
straight-line basis over the vesting period of the options.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
2001 2000 % Change
------ ------ ---------
(In thousands)
Interest income ...................... $18,732 $15,043 25%
Interest expense ..................... (450) (578) 22%
------- ------- -----
Interest income, net ........... $18,282 $14,465 26%
Net interest income increased $3.8 million or 26% during the year ended
September 30, 2001 as compared to the year ended September 30, 2000. This
increase was primarily due to interest being earned for a full year on our cash,
cash equivalents, short-term investments and restricted cash that was
attributable to the proceeds we received in February 2000 from our
23
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public offering. We expect that net interest income will decline in the
subsequent quarters due to a general decline in interest rates which in turn
will reduce the amount of interest that is earned on our cash, cash equivalents,
short-term investments, and restricted cash.
Provision for Income Taxes
A provision for state and foreign income taxes of $600,000 was recorded
during the year ended September 30, 2001. Although we incurred operating losses,
no benefit for income taxes was recorded for the year ended September 30, 2000,
because we provided a valuation allowance against the deferred tax assets
generated from the operating losses.
As of September 30, 2001, we had net operating loss carryforwards for U.S.
and foreign income tax reporting purposes of approximately $17.7 million, and
$1.7 million, respectively, available to reduce future income subject to income
taxes. As of September 30, 2001, we had net operating loss carryforwards for
state income tax purposes of approximately $13.4 million available to reduce
future income subject to income taxes. The U.S. net operating loss carryforwards
will begin to expire, if not utilized in 2010. The foreign net operating loss
carryforwards will begin to expire in the year 2005. State net operating loss
carryforwards will begin to expire if not utilized in 2003. In addition, as of
September 30, 2001, we had research credit carryforwards for federal and
California income tax purposes of approximately $713,000 and $607,000,
respectively, available to reduce future income taxes. The federal research
credit carryforwards begin to expire in the year 2010. The California research
credit carryforwards expire indefinitely. The U.S. Tax Reform Act of 1986
contains provisions that limit the net operating loss carryforwards and research
and development credits available to be used in any given year upon the
occurrence of certain events, including a significant change in ownership.
Deferred tax liabilities have not been recognized for undistributed earnings
of foreign subsidiaries because it is management's intention to reinvest such
undistributed earnings outside the United States.
Federal and California tax laws impose substantial restrictions on the
utilization of net operating loss and credit carryforwards in the event of an
"ownership change" for tax purposes, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code. The Company has not yet determined whether an ownership change
occurred due to significant stock transactions in each of the reporting years
disclosed. If an ownership change occurred, utilization of the net operating
loss carryforwards could be reduced significantly.
Comparison of Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 2000 and 1999
Revenues:
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Subscription services .......................... $32,366 $7,055 359%
Consulting services ............................ $ 1,401 $ 217 546%
Subscription Services. Revenues from subscription services increased $25.3
million, or 359%, during the year ended September 30, 2000, as compared to the
year ended September 30, 1999. Subscription services represented 96% of total
revenues in the year ended September 30, 2000, and 97% of total revenues in the
year ended September 30, 1999. The increase in revenue was attributable to the
increase in the number of new customers, the increase in services revenue
purchased by existing customers, and the introduction of new services introduced
during the year. We do not distinguish between revenues generated by new
customers and revenues generated by existing customers. For the year ended
September 30, 2000, one customer, Akamai, accounted for approximately 10% of
total revenues. For the year ended September 30, 1999, no single customer
accounted for more than 10% of total revenue.
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<PAGE>
Consulting Services. Revenues from consulting services increased $1.2
million, or 546%, during the year ended September 30, 2000, as compared to the
year ended September 30, 1999. Because we only started our professional services
in January 1999, the increased growth rate in percentage terms is due to the
relatively small base of consulting services revenues in 1999. Revenues from our
load-testing service, which we introduced following our acquisition of Velogic,
Inc. were not significant in the year ended September 30, 2000.
Expenses:
Costs of Subscription Services and Consulting Services
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Costs of subscription services .......... $9,577 $2,314 314%
Costs of consulting services ........... $1,973 $ 444 344%
Costs of Subscription Services. Costs of subscription services consist of
connection fees to Internet service providers for bandwidth usage of our
measurement computers around the world and depreciation, maintenance and other
equipment charges for our measurement infrastructure. Costs of subscription
services increased $7.3 million or 314% during the year ended September 30, 2000
as compared the year ended September 30, 1999. This increase was primarily due
to the greater number of measurement computers deployed and additional bandwidth
consumption, resulting in higher connection fees and more depreciation and
equipment charges. In addition, in fiscal 2000, we continued to increase
measurement capacity and bandwidth at our existing locations, and expand our
measurement infrastructure. Costs of subscription services, however, declined
and were 30% of subscription service revenue in fiscal 2000 as compared to 33%
in fiscal 1999.
Costs of Consulting Services. Costs of consulting services consist of
compensation expenses for consulting personnel and related costs. Costs of
consulting services also included network infrastructure costs associated with
our load-testing service. Costs of consulting services exceeded consulting
services revenue in fiscal 2000 and fiscal 1999.
Research and Development
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Research and development ............... $5,468 $2,059 166%
Research and development expenses consist primarily of compensation and
related costs for research and development personnel. Research and development
expense increased from fiscal 1999 to fiscal 2000 due to the increase in
software engineers, project management and quality assurance personnel. To date,
all research and development expenses have been expensed as incurred.
Sales and Marketing
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Sales and marketing .................... $16,835 $5,331 216%
Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of salaries, commissions and
bonuses earned by sales and marketing personnel, lead-referral fees, marketing
programs and travel expenses. Our sales and marketing expenses increased from
fiscal 1999 to fiscal 2000 due to our investment in additional personnel in our
sales and marketing organization and marketing
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<PAGE>
programs. It also included salaries and referral fees to recruit and hire sales
management, sales representatives and sales engineers.
Operations
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
Operations ........................................ $4,866 $1,639 197%
Operations expenses consist primarily of compensation and related costs for
management personnel and technical support employees, who manage and maintain
our measurement and headquarters infrastructure and support our customers. Our
operations personnel also work closely with other departments to assure the
reliability of our services and to support our sales and marketing activities.
The increase in operations expenses from fiscal 1999 to fiscal 2000 was
primarily related to the hiring of personnel to manage and support our larger
customer base.
General and Administrative
2000 1999 % Change
------ ------ --------
(In thousands)
General and administrative ........................ $5,442 $1,642 231%
General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and
related expenses, accounting, legal and administrative expenses, insurance,
professional service fees and other general corporate expenses. The increase in
our general and administrative expenses from fiscal 1999 to fiscal 2000 was
primarily related to hiring additional employees to support the growth of our
business, as well as increases in costs associated with becoming a public
company.
Acquisition-Related Charges, Amortization and Impairment of Goodwill and
Intangible Assets, and Amortization of Stock-Based Compensation
2000 1999 % Change
------- ------- --------
(In thousands)
Acquisition-related charges, amortization and
impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, and
amortization of stock-based compensation ........ $6,786 $ 858 691%
For the year ended September 30, 2000, we recorded approximately $4.8
million in amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets, approximately
$1.6 million in acquisition related-charges associated with the purchase of
Digital Content, and $340,000 in amortization of stock-based compensation. We
recorded $858,000 in stock-based compensation for the year ended September 30,
1999 relating to the amortization of deferred compensation. There was no
goodwill or other intangible assets recorded in fiscal 1999. There were no
impairment charges for the years ended September 30, 2000 and 1999.
Some options granted prior to June 30, 1999, have been considered to be
compensatory, as the estimated fair value for accounting purposes was greater
than the stock price as determined by the board of directors on the date of
grant. As a result, we recorded $340,000 for the year ended September 30, 2000
associated with the amortization of deferred compensation expense.
Interest Income and Interest Expense
2000 1999 % Change
------- ------- --------
26
<PAGE>
(In thousands)
Interest income ................................. $15,043 $ 320 4,600%
Interest expense ................................ (578) (415) 39%
------- ------- -----
Interest income (expense), net ............ $14,465 ($ 95) -- %
Net interest income (expense) increased from fiscal 1999 to fiscal 2000
primarily due to interest income from our increase in cash and cash equivalents
and restricted cash resulting from the proceeds we received in September 1999
and October 1999 from our initial public offering and in February 2000 from our
subsequent public offering.
Liquidity and Capital Resources for the Fiscal Years Ended September 30,
2001, 2000, and 1999
Since our inception, we have funded our operations primarily through sales
of our equity securities. Prior to our initial public offering, in September
1999, we had raised approximately $25.8 million, net of offering costs, from the
sale of common stock and preferred stock. In September and October 1999, we
raised $56.7 million, net of issuance costs, in connection with our initial
public offering. In a secondary public offering in February 2000, we raised
$286.3 million, net of issuance costs. In addition, we financed our operations
through subordinated and other debt, equipment loans and a capital lease. The
principal balance outstanding at September 30, 2001 for the leases and loans was
$830,000. At September 30, 2001, we had approximately $53.1 million in cash and
cash equivalents, approximately $198.6 million in short-term investments, and
$85.0 million in restricted cash in connection with our headquarters building,
for a total of approximately $336.7 million.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $8.8 million in the year ended
September 30, 2001, and $9.2 million in the year ended September 30, 2000. Net
cash used for operating activities was $4.7 million in the year ended September
30, 1999. For the year ended September 30, 2001, net cash provided by operating
activities was primarily the result of income from operations before deductions
for depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and amortization and
write-off of goodwill, other intangible assets, and deferred and stock-based
compensation. The increase was also attributable to an increase in accounts
payable and accrued expenses due to the $11.0 million charge for excess facility
costs associated with the unoccupied portion of our headquarters building in San
Mateo, of which $10.3 million remains accrued as of September 30, 2001. The
increase was partially offset by an increase in prepaids and other assets. For
the year ended September 30, 2000, net cash provided by operating activities
resulted from income from operations before deduction for depreciation,
amortization of goodwill and other intangible assets, and amortization of
deferred and stock-based compensation. Additionally, operating cash flow
increased due to increases in accounts payable, accrued expenses and deferred
revenue and partially offset by increases in accounts receivable and prepaid
expenses. For the year ended September 30, 1999, net cash used in operating
activities was primarily the result of net operating losses, increases in
accounts receivable and prepaid expenses, partially offset by changes in
deferred revenues, accounts payable and accrued expenses, depreciation of
property and equipment and amortization of stock-based compensation.
Cash used for our investing activities totaled $214.4 million in the year
ended September 30, 2001, $21.7 million in the year ended September 30, 2000,
and $2.6 million in the year ended September 30, 1999. In fiscal 2001, our
investing activities were related to extending the maximum maturities in our
investments portfolio to two years and the resulting purchase of short-term
investments, property and equipment, and the management service provider
business of Envive. We purchased $196.1 million of short-term investments,
$14.8 million of property and equipment, and $3.4 million in Envive's management
service provider business. Capital expenditures increased during fiscal 2001
primarily due to costs associated with the upgrade and preparation of our
headquarters facility for occupancy, costs associated with the enhancement of
our business systems, and growth in our network and infrastructure. In fiscal
2000, investing activities consisted of our purchase of Digital Content for
$15.0 million, which included $8.5 million allocated to goodwill and other
intangible assets and $6.4 million for deferred compensation. In addition, we
purchased $7.5 million in property and equipment. Investing activities for the
years ended September 30, 1999 were solely due to capital expenditures.
27
<PAGE>
Our financing activities used $1.5 million in the year ended September 30,
2001. Our financing activities provided $208.0 million in the year ended
September 30, 2000 and $69.7 million in the year ended September 30, 1999. In
fiscal 2001, we received $2.2 million from the issuance of common stock. This
increase was offset by $1.3 million in loan repayments for equipment and other
loans, and $2.4 million from the purchase of treasury stock. In fiscal 2000, we
raised $7.8 million, net of issuance costs in October 1999 from the sale of our
common stock upon exercise of the underwriters' over-allotment option in
connection with our initial public offering, and $286.3 million, net of issuance
costs, from a public offering of our common stock in February 2000. Cash
provided by financing activities was offset slightly by our repayments of
existing notes in the amount of $4.1 million. In addition, $85.0 million was
used to fully collateralize the operating lease obligation related to our
headquarters building signed in July 2000. In fiscal 1999, we raised $48.9
million, net of issuance costs, in connection with our initial public offering
and we raised $17.5 million in net proceeds in connection with the sale of
common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock. In addition, we
received $3.6 million in proceeds from equipment and other loans, which was
slightly offset by $440,000 in loan repayments.
As of September 30, 2001, our principal commitments consisted of $95.7
million in loans and operating and capital leases. We have granted a security
interest in a portion of our assets to secure these loans. The interest rate on
our loans in the form of equipment notes ranged from 5.6% to 10.25% per year and
the interest rate on the loans in the form of a promissory note, which was fully
repaid in June 2000, bore interest at a rate of 8.25% per year. As of September
30, 2001, our commitments include approximately $96.1 million in future lease
payments for our headquarters building. In connection with the lease for our
headquarters building, we have $85.0 million of restricted cash that is
deposited with a financial institution in an interest-bearing escrow account,
and serves to full collateralize the lease obligation. The lease agreement
provides a balloon payment and is due and payable in June 2005. The building
lease costs have amounted to approximately $4.0 million annually, but are
expected to decline somewhat due to a general decline in interest rates. We had
no material commitments for capital expenditures as of September 30, 2001.
Because we expect to continue to increase our measurement computer capacity, we
expect that we will make additional capital expenditures to purchase this
equipment although at a lower level than in 2001. We anticipate that we will
also make additional capital expenditures related to headquarters but at lower
levels than in the past. A significant part of the upgrades yet to be completed
to the facility are related to providing complete backup electrical generation
capability in the event of electrical power loss or interruption.
We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to
meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for
at least the next 12 months. If, after some period of time, cash generated from
operations is insufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements, we may seek to
sell additional equity or debt securities or to obtain a credit facility. If
additional funds are raised through the issuance of debt securities, these
securities could have rights, preferences and privileges senior to holders of
common stock, and the term of this debt could impose restrictions on our
operations. The sale of additional equity or convertible debt securities could
result in dilution to our stockholders, and we may not be able to obtain
additional financing on acceptable terms, if at all. If we are unable to obtain
this additional financing, our business may be harmed.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. SFAS 144 addresses financial
accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.
While SFAS 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of (SFAS 121), it
retains many of the fundamental provisions of that statement. SFAS 144 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. We are currently
evaluating the impact of SFAS 144 on our financial position and results of
operations but is not expected to have any material impact on our reported
results.
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS
142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS 141 requires that the purchase
method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June
30, 2001 as well as all purchase method business combinations completed after
June 30, 2001. SFAS 141 also specifies the criteria that intangible assets
acquired in a purchase method business combination must meet to be recognized
and reported apart from goodwill, noting that any purchase price allocable to an
assembled workforce may not be accounted for separately. SFAS 142 requires that
goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be
amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually in
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<PAGE>
accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142. SFAS 142 also requires that
intangible assets with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective
estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for
impairment in accordance with SFAS 121.
We are required to adopt the provisions of SFAS 141 immediately, except
with regard to business combinations initiated prior to July 1, 2001, and SFAS
142 effective October 1, 2002. We have elected to early adopt SFAS 142,
effective October 1, 2001. Furthermore, any goodwill and any intangible assets
determined to have an indefinite useful life that are acquired in a purchase
business combination completed after June 30, 2001 will not be amortized, but
will continue to be evaluated for impairment in accordance with the appropriate
pre-SFAS 142 accounting literature. Goodwill and intangible assets acquired in
business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 can continue to be amortized
prior to the adoption of SFAS 142.
SFAS 141 requires upon adoption of SFAS 142, that we evaluate our existing
intangible assets and goodwill that were acquired in a prior purchase business
combination, and make any necessary reclassifications in order to conform with
the new criteria in SFAS 141 for recognition apart from goodwill. Upon adoption
of SFAS 142, we are required to reassess the useful lives and residual values of
all intangible assets acquired in purchase business combinations, and make any
necessary amortization period adjustments by the end of the first interim period
after adoption. In addition, to the extent an intangible asset is identified as
having an indefinite useful life, we are required to test the intangible asset
for impairment in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142 within the first
interim period. Any impairment loss is measured as of the date of adoption and
recognized as a cumulative effect of a change in accounting principle in the
first interim period.
In connection with the transitional goodwill impairment evaluation, SFAS
142 requires us to perform an assessment of whether there is an indication that
goodwill is impaired as of the date of adoption. To accomplish this we must
identify our reporting units and determine the carrying value of each reporting
unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including the existing goodwill
and intangible assets, to those reporting units as of the date of adoption. We
then have up to six months from the date of adoption to determine the fair value
of each reporting unit and compare it to the reporting unit's carrying amount.
To the extent that a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an
indication exists that the reporting unit's goodwill may be impaired and we must
perform the second step of the transitional impairment test. In the second step,
we must compare the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill,
determined by allocating the reporting unit's fair value to all of it assets
(recognized and unrecognized) and liabilities in a manner similar to a purchase
price allocation in accordance with SFAS 141, to its carrying amount, both of
which would be measured as of the date of adoption. This second step is required
to be completed as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the year of
adoption. Any transitional impairment loss is recognized as a cumulative effect
of a change in accounting principle in our statement of operations.
We have elected to early adopt SFAS 142, effective October 1, 2001. At
September 30, 2001, we had unamortized goodwill in the amount of approximately
$3.0 million and unamortized identifiable intangible assets in the amount of
approximately $1.5 million. Including the impact of the acquisition of the
assets of On Device Corporation in October, 2001, we expect to have unamortized
goodwill in the amount of approximately $4.0 million, and unamortized
identifiable intangible assets in the amount of approximately $2.0 million as of
the date of adoption of SFAS 142. These amounts will be subject to the
transition provisions of SFAS 141 and 142, and as a result, beginning October
2001, goodwill will no longer be amortized. Amortization expense related to
goodwill and intangible assets was approximately $12.7 million and $4.8 million,
for the years ended September 30, 2001 and 2000, respectively. We do not
currently expect that the adoption of SFAS 142 will have a material impact on
our financial position or results of operations.
Factors That May Impact Future Operating Results
We have an unproven business model that makes it difficult to evaluate our
current business and future prospects.
We have introduced many new products and services and latest versions of
existing products since the beginning of fiscal 2000. We have only a limited
operating history upon which to base an evaluation of our current business and
future prospects. Our recent product offerings include:
o We introduced latest versions of our
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Website Perspective--Business Edition service in June 2000
and Website Perspective- Consumer Edition in September 2001, and
Transaction Perspective in October 2001.
o In June 2000, we acquired Velogic, Inc., and in July 2000, we introduced
our KeyReadiness load-testing service.
o In August 2000, we acquired Digital Content, L.L.C., and introduced our
Red Alert monitoring service.
o We introduced our Streaming Perspective service in October 2000, and our
Custom Perspective service in November 2001.
o We introduced our SLA Perspective service in February 2001 and Keynote
Enterprise Perspective service in July 2001.
o In July 2001, we acquired the assets of the management service provider
business of Envive Corporation and introduced our Test Perspective
service.
o In October 2001, we acquired the assets of On Device and introduced our
Wireless Perspective service.
The revenue and income potential of our current business and services and
the related markets are unproven. In addition, because of our limited operating
history and because the market for web performance benchmarking and web
application performance testing and management services is relatively new and
rapidly evolving, we have limited insight into trends that may emerge and affect
our business. Before investing, you should evaluate the risks, expenses and
problems frequently encountered by companies such as ours that are in the early
stages of development and that are entering new and rapidly changing markets
such as web performance benchmarking and web performance management services.
We have incurred losses, we expect to incur future losses and we may never
achieve profitability.
We have experienced operating losses in each quarterly and annual period
since inception and we expect to incur operating losses in the future. We
incurred net losses of $56.4 million for the year ended September 30, 2001, and
as of September 30, 2001, we had an accumulated deficit of $71.8 million. In
addition, we are required under generally accepted accounting principles to
review our intangible assets for impairment when events or circumstances
indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable. We may incur additional
expenses in connection with a write-down of goodwill or other intangible assets
due to changes in market conditions as we did in the quarter ended June 30, 2001
when we recorded an impairment charge of $30.5 million in connection with our
acquisitions of Velogic and Digital Content. We believe that our operating
expenses will continue to increase as we grow our business. As a result, we will
need to increase our revenues to initially achieve and then to maintain
profitability, as reported in our financial statements. We may continue our
recent trend of reporting sequential quarterly decreases in revenue and may
never be able to regain our historic revenue growth rates.
The success of our business depends on customers renewing their subscriptions
for our services and purchasing additional services.
To maintain and grow our revenues, we must achieve high customer renewal
rates for our services. Our customers have no obligation to renew our services
and therefore, they could cease using our services at any time. In addition, our
customers may renew for fewer services. Further, our customers may reduce their
use of our services during the term of their subscription. We cannot project the
level of renewal rates. Our customer renewal rates may decline as a result of a
number of factors, including consolidations in the Internet industry or if a
significant number of our customers cease operations.
Further, because of the relatively small size of initial orders, we depend
on sales to new customers and sales of additional services to our existing
customers. Renewals by existing customers or purchases of our services by new
customers may be limited as companies limit or reduce their technology spending
in response to uncertain economic conditions. During fiscal 2001, we experienced
a reduction in revenue from Internet service provider customers, e-commerce and
other Internet businesses. We also experienced an increase in cancellations and
nonrenewals. If we continue to experience reduced renewal rates or if customers
renew for a lesser amount of our services, or if customers, at any time, reduce
the amount of services
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they purchase from us, our business would continue to be
adversely affected. If we continue to experience cancellations and/or reductions
in service, our revenues could continue to decline unless we are able to obtain
additional customers or sources of revenues, sufficient to replace lost
revenues.
Our quarterly financial results are subject to significant fluctuations, and if
our future results are below the expectations of public-market analysts and
investors, the price of our common stock may decline.
Our results of operations could vary significantly from quarter to quarter.
We expect to incur significant sales and marketing expenses to promote our brand
and our services, as well as additional expenses to expand our presence
worldwide. If revenues fall below our expectations, we may not be able to reduce
our spending rapidly in response to the shortfall. Other factors that could
affect our quarterly operating results include those described below and
elsewhere in this report:
o the rate of new and renewed subscriptions to our Internet performance
measurement services;
o the amount and timing in any reductions by our customers in their usage of
our service offerings;
o our ability to increase the number of web sites we measure for our
existing customers in a particular quarter;
o our ability to attract new customers in a particular quarter, particularly
larger customers;
o the amount and timing of professional services revenues;
o the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures relating
to expansion of our operations infrastructure, including our continued
international expansion; and
o restructuring costs if the market continues its downward trend or market
conditions do not improve;
o excess facility charge if the rental market continues its downward trend
or market conditions do not improve;
Due to these and other factors, we believe that period-to-period comparisons
of our results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as
indicators of our future performance. It is possible that in some future
periods, our results of operations may be below the expectations of
public-market analysts and investors. If this occurs, the price of our common
stock may decline.
The success of our business depends on the widespread adoption of the Internet
by business and consumers for e-business and communications.
Because our business is based on providing web performance benchmarking,
testing and application performance management services, the Internet must be
widely adopted as a means of electronic commerce, or e-business, and
communications. Because e-business and communications over the Internet are new
and evolving, it is difficult to predict the size of this market and its
sustainable growth rate. In addition, we believe that the use of the Internet
for conducting business transactions could be hindered for a number of reasons,
including, but not limited to:
o security concerns including the potential for fraud or theft of stored
data and information communicated over the Internet;
o inconsistent quality of service, including well-publicized outages of
popular web sites;
o lack of availability of cost-effective, high-speed service;
o limited numbers of local access points for corporate users;
o delay in the development of enabling technologies or adoption of new
standards;
o inability to integrate business applications with the Internet;
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o the need to operate with multiple and frequently incompatible products;
and
o a lack of tools to simplify access to and use of the Internet.
Our operating results depend on sales of our benchmarking services.
Sales of our benchmarking services have historically generated a substantial
majority of our total revenue. Therefore, the success of our business currently
depends, and for the immediate future will continue to substantially depend, on
the sale of our benchmarking services. Therefore, we believe that initial sales
and renewals of our benchmarking services will account for a substantial portion
of our revenues for the immediate future. A decline in the price of, or
fluctuation in the demand for, benchmarking services, or our inability to
maintain or increase sales, would cause our revenues to decline.
If one of our competitors' Internet performance measurement service is adopted
as the industry standard for measuring the speed and reliability of web sites,
we may lose existing customers or encounter difficulties in attracting new
customers.
To date, no Internet performance measurement service has been adopted as an
accepted industry standard for measuring the speed and reliability of web sites.
As a result, if one of our current or potential competitors develops an Internet
performance measurement service that is adopted as the industry standard, our
customers may turn to the services provided by these competitors. In addition,
it would be more difficult for us to attract the additional customers for our
Internet performance measurement services that are necessary for our business to
grow. If this were to occur, our business would be harmed.
Improvements to the infrastructure of the Internet could reduce or eliminate
demand for our Internet performance measurement services.
The demand for our Internet performance measurement services could be
reduced or eliminated if future improvements to the infrastructure of the
Internet lead companies to conclude that measuring and evaluating the
performance of their web sites is no longer important to their business. The
Internet is a complex, heterogeneous network of communications networks with
multiple operators and vendors supplying and managing the underlying
infrastructure as well as connections to this infrastructure. Because the
inherent complexity of the Internet currently causes significant quality of
service problems for e-business companies, the vendors and operators that supply
and manage the underlying infrastructure are continuously seeking to improve the
speed, availability, reliability and consistency of the Internet. If these
vendors and operators succeed in significantly improving the performance of the
Internet, which would result in corresponding improvements in the performance of
companies' web sites, demand for our services would likely decline.
The inability of our services to perform properly could result in loss of or
delay in revenues, injury to our reputation or other harm to our business.
Services as complex as those we offer may not perform as customers expect.
We have, from time to time, given credits to customers as a result of past
problems with our service, though we do not believe that any customers failed to
renew their subscription to our services due to these problems. Despite our
testing, our existing or future services may not perform as expected due to
unforeseen problems, which could result in loss of or delay in revenues, loss of
market share, failure to achieve market acceptance, diversion of development
resources, injury to our reputation, increased insurance costs or increased
service costs.
These problems could also result in tort or warranty claims. Although we
attempt to reduce the risk of losses resulting from any claims through warranty
disclaimers and liability-limitation clauses in our customer agreements, these
contractual provisions may not be enforceable in every instance. Furthermore,
although we maintain errors and omissions insurance, this insurance coverage may
not adequately cover us for claims. If a court refused to enforce the
liability-limiting provisions of our contracts for any reason, or if liabilities
arose that were not contractually limited or adequately covered by insurance, we
could be required to pay damages.
If we do not continually improve our services in response to technological
changes, including changes to the Internet, we may encounter difficulties
retaining existing customers and
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attracting new customers.
The ongoing evolution of the Internet requires us to continually improve
the functionality, features and reliability of our web performance benchmarking,
testing and application performance management services, particularly in
response to competitive offerings. If we do not succeed in developing and
marketing new services that respond to competitive and technological
developments and changing customer needs, we may encounter difficulties
retaining existing customers and attracting new customers. We must also
introduce any new Internet services as quickly as possible. The success of new
services depends on several factors, including properly defining the scope of
the new services and timely completion, introduction and market acceptance of
our new services. If new Internet, networking or telecommunication technologies
or standards are widely adopted or if other technological changes occur, we may
need to expend significant resources to adapt our services.
Our services and brand name might not attain the brand awareness necessary for
our business to succeed.
We believe that maintaining and strengthening the Keynote brand is an
important aspect of our business and an important element in attracting new
customers. Our efforts to build our brand will involve significant expense. To
promote our brand, we may increase our marketing budget or increase our
financial commitment to building our brand. If our brand-building strategy is
unsuccessful, we may fail to attract enough new customers or retain our existing
customers to the extent necessary to realize a sufficient return on our brand-
building efforts.
We face growing competition that could make it difficult for us to acquire and
retain customers.
The market for web performance benchmarking, testing, and application
performance management services is relatively new and rapidly evolving. We
expect competition in this market to intensify in the future. Our competitors
vary in size and in the scope and breadth of the products and services that they
offer. We face competition from companies that offer software and services with
features similar to our services. For example, Mercury Interactive offers
services that competes with our Transaction and Test Perspective services, and
Gomez Advisors offers services similar to our Website Perspective-Business
Edition and Transaction Perspective services. In addition, with respect to our
KeyReadiness LoadPro service, we compete with companies that offer load-testing
software, such as Segue Software, or that offer both load-testing software and
services, such as Mercury Interactive. With respect to our Red Alert monitoring
service, we face competition from software companies such as Freshwater
Software, a division of Mercury Interactive. While we believe these services are
not as comprehensive as ours, customers could still choose to use these less
comprehensive services or these companies could enhance their services to offer
all of the features we offer.
We could also face competition from other companies, which currently do not
offer services similar to our services, but offer software or services related
to web performance benchmarking, testing, and application performance
management, such as WebCriteria, MIDS Matrix IQ Service, and INS INSoft
Division, and free services that measure web site availability, including the
WebSite Garage unit of Netscape, NetMechanic and Internet Weather Report, a unit
of MIDS Matrix IQ Service. In addition, companies that sell network management
software, such as BMC Software, CompuWare, CA-Unicenter, HP-Openview and IBM's
Tivoli Unit, with some of whom we have strategic relationships, could choose to
offer services similar to ours.
In the future, we intend to expand our service offerings by measuring the
speed with which a web site can be navigated and desired content can be located.
We intend to continue to measure the impact of new Internet technologies such as
wireless telephony (recently introduced in October 2001) and Internet telephony.
As we expand the scope of our products and services, we may encounter many
additional, market-specific competitors. For example, in July 2001, we
introduced our test perspective service. Mercury Interactive has an offering
that competes with Test Perspective as well as our other load testing services.
Some of our existing and future competitors have or may have longer
operating histories, larger customer bases, greater brand recognition in similar
businesses, and significantly greater financial, marketing, technical and other
resources. In addition, some of our competitors may be able to devote greater
resources to marketing and promotional campaigns, to adopt more aggressive
pricing policies, and to devote substantially more resources to technology and
systems development.
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Increased competition may result in price reductions, increased costs of
providing our services and loss of market share, any of which could seriously
harm our business. We may not be able to compete successfully against our
current and future competitors.
A limited number of customers account for a significant portion of our revenues,
and the loss of a major customer could harm our operating results.
Ten customers accounted for approximately 32%, 36%, and 23% of our total
revenues for the years ended September 30, 1999, 2000, and 2001, respectively.
One customer accounted for 10% of total revenues for the year ended September
30, 2000. No one customer accounted for more than 10% of total revenue for the
years ended September 30, 1999 and 2001. This concentration may continue in the
future. We cannot be certain that customers that have accounted for significant
revenues in past periods, individually or as a group, will renew, will not
cancel or will not reduce their services and, therefore, continue to generate
revenue in any future period. In addition, our customer agreements can generally
be terminated at any time with little or no penalty. If we lose a major
customer, our revenues could decline.
To grow our business, we need to establish and maintain relationships with other
companies to help market our Internet performance measurement and benchmarking
services.
To increase sales of our Internet performance measurement, testing, and
benchmarking services worldwide, we must complement our direct sales force with
relationships with companies to market and sell our services to their customers.
If we are unable to maintain our existing contractual marketing and distribution
relationships, or fail to enter into additional relationships, we will have to
devote substantially more resources to the direct sale and marketing of our
services. We would also lose anticipated revenues from customer referrals and
other co-marketing benefits. Our success depends in part on the ultimate success
of these relationships and the ability of these companies to market and sell our
services. Our existing relationships do not, and any future relationships may
not, afford us any exclusive marketing or distribution rights. Therefore, they
could reduce their commitment to us at any time in the future. Many of these
companies have multiple relationships and they may not regard us as significant
for their business. In addition, these companies may terminate their
relationships with us, pursue other relationships with our competitors or
develop or acquire products or services that compete with our services. Even if
we succeed in entering into these relationships, they may not result in
additional customers or revenues.
In addition, growth in the sales of our services depends on our ability to
obtain domestic and international resellers, distributors and integrators who
will market and sell our services on our behalf. We have increased, and in the
future plan to further increase, our indirect distribution channels through
distribution arrangements. We may not be successful in establishing
relationships with these companies, and any of these relationships, if
established, may not increase our revenue.
To grow our business, we must attract and retain qualified personnel while
competition for personnel in our industry is intense.
We may be unable to retain our key employees, namely our management team
and experienced engineers, or to attract, assimilate or retain other highly
qualified employees. Although we and a number of other technology companies have
implemented workforce reductions, there remains substantial competition for
highly skilled employees with experience in the Internet industry, a complex
industry that requires a unique knowledge base. Umang Gupta, our chief executive
officer, and eight other key employees that we retained as a result of our
acquisitions, are employees with whom we have entered into employment
agreements. Our other key employees are not bound by agreements that could
prevent them from terminating their employment at any time.
Our ability to deliver our services also depends on our ability to attract
and retain operations personnel. There is a shortage of qualified sales and
operations personnel and competition for personnel in our industry is intense.
If we are unable to hire, train, motivate or retain qualified employees,
including sales and operations personnel, our business could be harmed.
Our personnel reduction may seriously harm our business.
In connection with our efforts to streamline our operations and reduce
costs, we restructured our organization with headcount reductions of
approximately 13%, based on our
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staffing level as of March 31, 2001. We incurred costs associated with this
personnel reduction related to severance and other employee-related costs in the
third quarter of 2001. As a result of these reductions, our ability to respond
to unexpected challenges may be impaired, and we may be unable to take advantage
of new opportunities. The personnel reduction may reduce employee morale and
create concern among existing employees about job security, which would lead to
increased turnover. Further, this reduction in workforce may subject us to the
risk of litigation.
If the market does not accept our professional services, our results of
operations could be harmed.
We formed our application performance management services organization in
January 1999. As a result, we have limited experience in delivering consulting
services and we may not be able to successfully introduce additional consulting
services. Consulting services represented approximately 5% of total revenues for
the year ended September 30, 2001. We will also need to successfully market
these services to potential customers. There are many experienced firms which
offer computer network and Internet-related consulting services. These
consulting services providers include consulting companies, such as Accenture
and Ernst & Young, as well as consulting divisions of large technology companies
such as IBM. Because we do not have an established reputation for delivering
consulting services, because this area is very competitive, and due to our
general inexperience in delivering consulting services, we may not succeed in
selling these services.
The growth of our business depends on the continued performance of and future
improvements to the Internet.
The growth in Internet traffic has caused frequent periods of decreased
performance, requiring Internet service providers and web sites on the Internet
to upgrade their infrastructures. Our ability to increase the speed of access to
the services we provide to our customers and to increase the scope of these
services is limited by and depends upon the speed and reliability of the
Internet. Consequently, the emergence and growth of the market for our services
and, consequently our revenues, depends on the performance of and future
improvements to the Internet.
Because we have expanded our operations, our success will depend on our ability
to manage our growth, improve our existing systems and implement new systems,
procedures and controls.
We are expanding, and we intend to continue to expand, our operations by
deploying additional measurement computers, both domestically and
internationally, hiring new personnel and implementing and integrating new
accounting and control systems to manage this expansion. In addition, in fiscal
2000, we acquired Velogic and Digital Content, in fiscal 2001, we acquired the
management service provider business of Envive Corporation and the assets of On
Device. We may encounter difficulties in managing this growth and integrating
the operations of these and additional services and personnel we may acquire.
Our ability to compete effectively and to manage any future expansion of our
operations will require continual improvement of our financial and management
controls, reporting systems and procedures on a timely basis. We may not succeed
in these efforts and a disruption could impair our ability to retain existing
customers or attract new customers.
Our network infrastructure could be disrupted by a number of different
occurrences, which could impair our ability to serve and retain existing
customers or attract new customers.
All data collected from our measurement computers are stored in and
distributed from our operations center, which we maintain at a single location.
Therefore, our operations depend upon our ability to maintain and protect our
computer systems, most of which are located at our corporate headquarters in San
Mateo, California, which is an area susceptible to earthquakes and possible
power outages resulting from a shortage of electricity in California. If we
experience outages at our operations center, we would not be able to receive
data from our measurement computers and we would not be able to deliver our
services to our customers. We plan to develop a redundant system for
computer-network and other services at an alternate site, and to provide our own
source of long-term uninterruptible power. However, we do not currently have and
may never develop a redundant system, and we now currently have only short-term
power back-up capability. Various factors could cause us to not be able to ever
develop such systems. Therefore, our operations systems are vulnerable to damage
from break-ins, computer viruses, unauthorized access, vandalism, fire, floods,
earthquakes, power loss, telecommunications failures and similar events.
Although we maintain insurance against fires,
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floods, earthquakes and general business interruptions, the amount of coverage
may not be adequate in any particular case. If our operations center is damaged,
causing a disruption in our services, this could impair our ability to retain
existing customers or attract new customers.
In addition, a new data center at our corporate headquarters in San Mateo,
California, became operational in June 2001. If the transition to the new data
center results in data not being collected and retained or if access to the data
by our customers is limited or unavailable, our revenue would be severely
affected and our business would be harmed.
If our computer infrastructure is not functioning properly, we may not be
able to deliver our services in a timely or accurate manner. We have
occasionally experienced outages of our service in the past, the last of which
occurred in November 2001. The outages that we have experienced have lasted no
more than a few hours. These outages have been caused by a variety of factors
including electrical distribution equipment malfunctions, operator error, the
failure of a back-up computer to operate when the primary computer ceased
functioning and power outages due to our previous facility's being inadequately
equipped to house our operations center. Although we do not believe we have lost
any customers due to these prior outages, any outage for any period of time or
loss of customer data could cause us to lose customers.
Individuals who attempt to breach our network security, such as hackers,
could, if successful, misappropriate proprietary information or cause
interruptions in our services. Although we have not yet experienced any breaches
of our network security or sabotage that has prevented us from serving our
customers, we might be required to expend significant capital and resources to
protect against, or to alleviate, problems caused by hackers. We may not have a
timely remedy against a hacker who is able to breach our network security. In
addition to intentional security breaches, the inadvertent transmission of
computer viruses could expose us to litigation or to a material risk of loss.
We rely on a continuous power supply to conduct our business, and shortages of
electricity in California could disrupt our operations and increase our
expenses.
We collect and store performance data at our data center located in
California, which is experiencing a shortage of electricity. When electrical
power reserves for the State of California fall below specified levels,
California has in the past implemented, and may in the future continue to
implement, rolling blackouts of electrical service throughout the state.
Although we currently have battery powered back-up capacity and short-term
diesel powered electrical generating capability, if the blackouts extend for
periods extending beyond the levels of our battery powered and diesel powered
back-up, we would be temporarily unable to continue operations at our
facilities. We would not be able to receive data from our measurement computers
and we would not be able to deliver our services to our customers. Our current
insurance does not provide coverage for any damages our customers or we may
suffer as a result of any interruption in our power supply or that of our
hosting provider. Any interruption of our electrical power could damage our
reputation, harm our ability to retain existing customers and to obtain new
customers, and could result in lost revenue, any of which could substantially
harm our business and results of operations. Furthermore, prices for electricity
have increased dramatically over the past year. If prices continue to increase,
our operating expenses and costs to supply power to tenants will likely
increase, as our principal facilities are located in California.
Our measurement computers are located at sites, which we do not own or operate
and it could be difficult for us to maintain or repair them if they do not
function properly.
Our measurement computers are located at facilities that are not owned by
our customers or us. Instead, these computers are installed at locations near
various Internet access points worldwide. Although we operate these computers
remotely from our San Mateo, California operations center, we do not own or
operate the facilities, we have little control over how these computers are
maintained on a day-to-day basis. We do not have long-term contractual
relationships with the companies that operate the facilities where are
measurement computers are located. We may have to find new locations for these
computers if we are unable to develop relationships with these companies or if
these companies cease their operations as some have done due to bankruptcies or
as others merge and are acquired. In addition, if our measurement computers were
not functioning properly, we may not be able to repair or service these
computers on a timely basis, as we may not have immediate access to our
measurement computers. Our ability to collect data in a timely manner could be
impaired if we are unable to maintain and repair our computers should
performance problems arise.
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Others might bring infringement claims against us or our suppliers that could
harm our business.
In recent years, there has been significant litigation in the United States
involving patents and other intellectual property rights. We expect that we
could become subject to intellectual property infringement claims as the number
of our competitors grows and our services overlap with competitive offerings.
These claims, even if not meritorious, could be expensive and divert
management's attention from operating our company. If we become liable to others
for infringing their intellectual property rights, we would be required to pay a
substantial damage award and to develop noninfringing technology, obtain a
license or cease selling the services that contain the infringing intellectual
property. We may be unable to develop non-infringing technology or to obtain a
license on commercially reasonable terms, if at all.
As we expand our international activities, our business will be susceptible to
additional risks associated with international operations.
We believe we must expand the sales of our services outside the United
States and hire additional international personnel. Therefore, we expect to
commit significant resources to expand our international sales and marketing
activities, which were 6% of our total revenues for the year ended September 30,
2001. In addition, we intend to deploy additional measurement computers
worldwide, which would require us to maintain and service computers over larger
distances. Conducting international operations would subject us to risks we do
not face in the United States. These include:
o currency exchange rate fluctuations;
o seasonal fluctuations in purchasing patterns;
o unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;
o maintaining and servicing computer hardware in distant locations;
o longer accounts receivable payment cycles and difficulties in
collecting accounts receivable;
o difficulties in managing and staffing international operations;
o potentially adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on the
repatriation of earnings;
o the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws; and
o reduced protection for intellectual property rights in some countries.
The Internet may not be used as widely in other countries and the adoption
of e-business may evolve slowly or may not evolve at all. As a result, we may
not be successful in selling our services to customers in markets outside the
United States.
We may face difficulties assimilating our acquisitions, and we may incur costs
associated with any future acquisitions.
We have completed several acquisitions, including Velogic Inc., a provider
of load-testing services for Internet web sites including in June 2000, Digital
Content L.L.C., a provider of web site accessibility monitoring services in
August 2000, the management service provider business of Envive Corp., a
provider of web application performance management solutions in July 2001, and
the assets of On Device Corporation, a provider of wireless application
performance management solution in October 2001. As a part of our business
strategy, we may seek to acquire or invest in additional businesses, products or
technologies that we feel could complement or expand our business, augment our
market coverage, enhance our technical capabilities or that may otherwise offer
growth opportunities. These acquisitions and any future acquisitions could
create risks for us, including:
o difficulties in assimilating acquired personnel, operations and
technologies;
o unanticipated costs associated with the acquisition;
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o diversion of management's attention from other business concerns;
o adverse effects on existing business relationships with resellers of
our service and our customers;
o difficulties in managing geographically-dispersed businesses;
o the need to integrate or enhance the systems of an acquired business;
o impairment charges related to potential write-down of acquired assets
in future acquisitions;
o failure to realize any of the anticipated benefits of the acquisition;
and
o useof substantial portions of our available cash to consummate the
acquisition and/or operate the acquired business.
Our future operating results could be harmed if we are unable to sublease a
major portion of the space in our corporate headquarters building.
For the year ended September 30, 2001, we incurred an excess facility charge
of $11.0 million for certain costs related to the unoccupied portion of our
building in San Mateo. We currently expect that we will need to sublease
approximately 60% of the space to a third party. We may be unable to lease all
or a part of the available space, and if it is leased, we may not receive
sufficiently high rental rates to cover our costs in connection with leasing
space in the building. The excess facility charge may be subject to market
condition changes.
Item 7A. Qualitative And Quantitative Disclosures About Market Risks.
Interest Rate Sensitivity. Our interest income and expense is sensitive to
changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly because most
of our cash equivalents, short-term investments, and restricted cash are
invested in short-term debt instruments. If market interest rates were to change
immediately and uniformly by ten percent from levels at September 30, 2001, the
interest earned on those cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments and
restricted cash could increase or decrease by approximately $2.0 million on an
annualized basis.
Foreign Currency Fluctuations and Derivative Transactions. We have not had
any significant transactions in foreign currencies, nor do we have any
significant balances that are due or payable in foreign currencies at September
30, 2001. We do not enter into derivative transactions for trading or
speculative purposes.
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Item 8. Financial Statements And Supplementary Data.
Keynote Systems, Inc. And Subsidiaries
Index To Consolidated Financial Statements
And Financial Statement Schedule
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Page
----
<S> <C>
Independent Auditors' Report....................................................... 40
Consolidated Balance Sheets........................................................ 41
Consolidated Statements of Operations.............................................. 42
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss).... 43
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.............................................. 44
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements......................................... 46
Supplementary Data (Unaudited)..................................................... 61
</TABLE>
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Independent Auditors' Report
The Board of Directors
Keynote Systems, Inc.:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Keynote
Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2001 and 2000, and the
related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and
comprehensive income (loss), and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended September 30, 2001. In connection with our audits of the
financial statements, we have also audited the financial statement schedule as
listed in the accompanying index. These consolidated financial statements and
financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management.
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial
statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan
and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a
test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Keynote
Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2001 and 2000, and the
results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended September 30, 2001, in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our
opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation
to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents
fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Mountain View, California
October 25, 2001
40
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
September 30,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
ASSETS
<S> <C> <C>
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents............................... $ 53,130 $260,201
Short-term investments.................................. 198,566 --
-------- --------
Total cash, cash equivalents, and short-term
investments......................................... 251,696 260,201
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful
accounts of $1,041 and $714 as of September 30,
2001, and 2000, respectively........................ 7,862 8,211
Prepaids and other current assets....................... 4,649 1,569
-------- --------
Total current assets................................... 264,207 269,981
Restricted cash........................................... 85,000 85,000
Property and equipment, net............................... 17,208 8,601
Goodwill and other intangibles............................ 4,497 44,075
Other assets.............................................. 1,752 954
-------- --------
Total assets........................................... $372,664 $408,611
======== ========
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Current portion of notes payable........................ $ 723 $ 1,191
Current portion of capital lease obligation............. 107 143
Accounts payable........................................ 2,385 1,642
Accrued expenses........................................ 10,626 7,797
Accrued excess facility costs........................... 10,303 --
Deferred revenue........................................ 5,401 4,967
-------- --------
Total current liabilities.............................. 29,545 15,740
Notes payable, less current portion....................... -- 684
Capital lease obligation, less current portion............ -- 107
-------- --------
Total liabilities...................................... 29,545 16,531
-------- --------
Stockholder's equity:
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares
authorized; 27,921,782 and 27,807,763 shares issued
and outstanding as of September 30, 2001 and 2000,
respectively.......................................... 28 28
Treasury stock.......................................... (1,086) --
Additional paid-in capital.............................. 413,966 413,084
Deferred compensation................................... (452) (5,629)
Accumulated deficit..................................... (71,804) (15,403)
Accumulated other comprehensive income.................. 2,467 --
-------- --------
Total stockholders' equity............................. 343,119 392,080
-------- --------
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity............. $372,664 $408,611
======== ========
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
41
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(in thousands, except per share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended September 30,
-------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
--------- --------- ---------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Revenues:
Subscription services............................. $ 43,428 $ 32,366 $ 7,055
Consulting services............................... 2,201 1,401 217
-------- -------- -------
Total revenues................................. 45,629 33,767 7,272
-------- -------- -------
Expenses:
Costs of subscription services.................... 13,388 9,577 2,314
Costs of consulting services...................... 2,971 1,973 444
Research and development.......................... 7,217 5,468 2,059
Sales and marketing............................... 21,508 16,835 5,331
Operations........................................ 7,662 4,866 1,639
General and administrative........................ 7,265 5,442 1,642
Restructuring costs............................... 271 -- --
Excess facility costs............................. 11,012 -- --
Acquisition-related charges, amortization and
impairment of goodwill and other intangible
assets, and amortization of stock-based
compensation.................................... 48,418 6,786 858
-------- -------- -------
Total operating expenses....................... 119,712 50,947 14,287
-------- -------- -------
Loss from operations........................... (74,083) (17,180) (7,015)
Interest income..................................... 18,732 15,043 320
Interest expense.................................... (450) (578) (415)
-------- -------- -------
Net loss before income taxes................... (55,801) (2,715) (7,110)
Provision for income taxes ......................... (600) -- --
-------- -------- -------
Net loss....................................... $(56,401) $ (2,715) $(7,110)
======== ======== =======
Basic and diluted net loss per share................ $ (2.04) $ (0.11) $ (1.54)
======== ======== =======
Shares used in computing basic and diluted net
loss per share.................................... $ 27,713 25,343 4,622
======== ======== =======
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
42
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(in thousands, except share amounts)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
COMMON STOCK ACCUMULATED
---------------------------- DEFERRED STOCKHOLDER OTHER
ADDITIONAL TREASURY STOCK-BASED NOTES ACCUMULATED COMPREHENSIVE
SHARES AMOUNT PAID-IN-CAPITAL STOCK COMPENSATION RECEIVABLE DEFICIT INCOME
------- -------- --------------- -------- ------------ ----------- ------------ -----------
Balances as of September 30,
1998............................ 4,927,301 5 347 - - (326) (5,578) -
Issuance of common stock
pursuant to exercise of stock
options for cash and notes and
purchase of restricted stock
with notes...................... 1,610,084 2 2,807 - - (79) - -
Deferred compensation related
to stock option grants - - 1,911 - (1,911) - - -
Repurchase of common stock..... (92,598) - (11) - - - - -
Repayment of stockholder notes
receivable..................... - - - - - 17 - -
Amortization of stock-based
compensation................... - - - - 776 - - -
Conversion of redeemable
preferred stock to common stock. 12,588,901 12 23,355 - - - - -
Compensation related to
performance based stock options. - - 81 - - - - -
Issuance of common stock in
initial public offering, net of
issuance cost of $5,306.......... 3,875,000 4 48,940 - - - - -
Net loss....................... - - - - - - (7,110) -
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances as of September 30,
1999............................ 22,908,688 23 77,430 - (1,135) (388) (12,688) -
Issuance of common stock
pursuant to exercise of stock
options for cash.............. 624,070 1 2,470 - - - - -
Issuance of common stock in
connection with Velogic
830,684 1 39,064 - - - - -
Deferred compensation related to
Digital Content acquisition,
net of amortization of $1.6
million....................... - - - - (4,834) - - -
Repurchase of common stock..... (18,179) (5) - - - - -
Repayments of stockholder
notes........................... - - - - - 388 - -
Amortization of stock-based
compensation.................... - - - - 340 - - -
Issuance of common stock in
public offerings, net of issuance
cost of $14,833 ................. 3,462,500 3 294,125 - - - - -
Net loss ....................... - - - - - - (2,715)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances as of September 30,
2000 ............................ 27,807,763 28 413,084 - (5,629) - (15,403) -
Repurchase of common stock..... -
(297,739) (2,442) - - -
Issuance of common stock ....... 411,758 - 882 1,356 - - -
Deferred compensation related
to Amortization of stock-based
compensation .................... - - - - 5,177 - -
Net loss ....................... - - - - - - (56,401)
Unrealized gain on
available-for sale
investments, .................... - - - - - - - 2,467
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Balances as of September
30, 2001 ....................... 27,921,782 28 413,966 (1,086) (452) - (71,804) 2,467
===================================================================================================
</TABLE>
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
<S> <C> <C>
TOTAL
STOCKHOLDERS' COMPREHENSIVE
EQUITY(DEFICIT) INCOME (LOSS)
----------------- -------------
Balances as of September 30,
1998............................ (5,552)
Issuance of common stock
pursuant to exercise of stock
options for cash and notes and
purchase of restricted stock
with notes...................... 2,730
Deferred compensation related
to stock option grants -
Repurchase of common stock..... (11)
Repayment of stockholder notes
receivable..................... 17
Amortization of stock-based
compensation................... 776
Conversion of redeemable
preferred stock to common stock. 23,367
Compensation related to
performance based stock options. 81
Issuance of common stock in
initial public offering, net of
issuance cost of $5,306.......... 48,944
Net loss....................... (7,110) (7,110)
-----------------------------------
Balances as of September 30,
1999............................ 63,242 (7,110)
Issuance of common stock
pursuant to exercise of stock
options for cash................. 2,471
Issuance of common stock in
connection with Velogic
39,065
Deferred compensation related
to Digital Content acquisition,
net of amortization of $1.6
million......................... (4,834)
Repurchase of common stock..... (5)
Repayments of stockholder
notes........................... 388
Amortization of stock-based
compensation.................... 340
Issuance of common stock in
public offerings, net of issuance
cost of $14,833 ................. 294,128
Net loss ....................... (2,715) (2,715)
-------------------------------------
Balances as of September 30,
2000 ............................ 392,080 (2,715)
Repurchase of common stock...... (2,442)
Issuance of common stock ....... 2,238
Deferred compensation related
to Amortization of stock-based
compensation .................... 5,177
Net loss ....................... (56,401) (56,401)
Unrealized gain on
available-for sale
investments, .................... 2,467 2,467
---------------------------------------
Balances as of September
30, 2001 ....................... 343,119 (56,649)
========================================
</TABLE>
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
43
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(in thousands)
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended September 30,
----------------------------
2001 2000 1999
-------- -------- --------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss ........................................ $ (56,401) $ (2,715) $ (7,110)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash
provided by (used for) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization .................. 6,012 2,521 868
Amortization and impairment of goodwill and
other intangible assets ...................... 43,241 4,846 --
Amortization of discount on notes .............. -- 33 43
Amortization of stock-based compensation ....... 5,177 1,941 776
Compensation related to performance based
stock options ................................. -- -- 82
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net ....................... 349 (5,725) (1,841)
Prepaids and other assets ...................... (3,878) (1,651) (786)
Accounts payable, accrued expenses and accrued
excess facility costs ........................ 13,875 6,114 2,371
Deferred revenue ............................... 434 3,880 849
--------- -------- --------
Net cash provided by (used for) operating
activities ................................... 8,809 9,244 (4,748)
--------- -------- --------
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment ............. (14,844) (7,482) (2,622)
Purchase of Digital Content, net of cash
acquired ....................................... -- (8,546) --
Cash acquired in connection with Velogic
acquisition .................................... -- 787 --
Purchase of Envive, net of cash acquired ........ (3,410) -- --
Deferred compensation related to acquisition .... -- (6,435) --
Purchase of short-term investments............... (196,099) -- --
--------- -------- --------
Net cash used for investing activities ........ (214,353) (21,676) (2,622)
--------- -------- --------
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of notes payable and capital lease ... (1,323) (4,072) (440)
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable ......... -- -- 3,646
Issuance of warrants to purchase preferred
stock in connection with notes ................. -- -- 50
Net proceeds from issuance of preferred stock
and warrants ................................... -- -- 14,788
Proceeds from issuance of common stock, net of
issuance costs ................................. 2,238 2,471 2,730
Restricted cash for escrow deposit for lease
agreement ...................................... -- (85,000) --
Repurchase of common stock ...................... (2,442) (5) (11)
Repayments of stockholder notes ................. -- 464 17
Proceeds from public offering, net of issuance
costs .......................................... -- 294,128 48,944
--------- -------- --------
Net cash (used for) provided by
financing activities ......................... (1,527) 207,986 69,724
--------- -------- --------
Net (decrease)increase in cash and
cash equivalents ............................... (207,071) 195,554 62,354
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the
year.......................................... 260,201 64,647 2,293
Cash and cash equivalents at end --------- -------- --------
of the year (1) (2)............................. $ 53,130 $260,201 $ 64,647
========= ======== ========
</TABLE>
44
<PAGE>
Noncash financing activities:
Issuance of common stock for stockholder notes
receivable .................................... $ -- $ -- $ 79
======== ======== ========
Deferred compensation .......................... $ -- $ -- $ 1,911
======== ======== ========
Purchase of property and equipment through
capital leases ................................ $ -- $ -- $ 418
======== ======== ========
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock .. $ -- $ -- $ 23,367
======== ======== ========
Common stock and options issued in connection
with acquisitions ............................. $ -- $ 39,065 $ --
======== ======== ========
- --------
(1) Excludes $85.0 million of restricted cash at September 30, 2001 and 2000.
(2) Excludes $198.6 million of short-term investments at September 30, 2001.
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements
45
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(1) The Company
Keynote Systems, Inc. was incorporated on June 15, 1995 in California and
reincorporated in Delaware on March 31, 2000. Keynote Systems, Inc. and its
subsidiaries (the "Company") provide Internet performance measurement,
diagnostic and consulting services to companies that operate electronic
business, or e-business, web sites.
(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in
accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of
America (GAAP). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of
the Company and its subsidiaries. Significant intercompany balances have been
eliminated in consolidation.
(A) Revenue Recognition
In December 1999, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) issued Staff
Accounting Bulletin No. 101 (SAB 101), Revenue Recognition in Financial
Statements, as amended by SAB 101A and SAB101B, which provides guidance on the
recognition, presentation, and disclosure of revenue in financial statements
filed with the SEC. SAB 101 outlines the basic criteria that must be met to
recognize revenue and provides guidance for disclosure related to revenue
recognition policies. We adopted this SAB on July 1, 2001. Adoption of this
bulletin did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of
operations.
Subscription services revenues consist of fees from subscriptions to the
Company's Internet measurement, monitoring and diagnostic services. The
Company's subscription revenues are deferred upon invoicing and are recognized
ratably over the service period, generally ranging from one to twelve months.
Deferred revenue is comprised mainly of deferred subscription revenue. A portion
of subscription revenues is invoiced monthly upon completion of measurement
services. Any unearned revenue is recorded as deferred revenue on the balance
sheet. We do not generally grant refunds during our initial subscription term.
All discounts granted during the initial term are netted against revenue.
Revenue is not recognized during free trial periods. Revenues from consulting
services are recognized as the services are performed, typically a period of one
to three months. All of the revenue related to the Company's load-testing
services is also included in consulting revenue. For consulting projects that
span multiple months, the Company recognizes revenue on a percentage of
completion basis.
(B) Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires
management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the
date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and
expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
(C) Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original
maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company is exposed
to credit risk in the event of default by financial institutions with which cash
and cash equivalents are held, to the extent of the amounts recorded on the
balance sheet.
(D) Short-Term Investments
The Company classifies all of its short-term investments as
available-for-sale. These investments mature in two years or less, and consist
primarily of investment-grade debt securities. Investments classified as
available-for-sale are recorded at fair market value with the related net
unrealized gains and losses included in accumulated other comprehensive
income/(loss), a component of stockholders' equity. Realized gains and losses
are recorded based on specific identification.
46
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
(E) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are recorded at cost less accumulated depreciation
and amortization. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over
the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, generally three years.
Equipment under capital leases is amortized over the shorter of the estimated
useful life of the equipment or the lease term. Leasehold improvements are
amortized over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the
lease term.
(F) Other Comprehensive Income
Other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains on short-term
investments in debt securities which are excluded from earnings and reported as
a component of stockholders' equity. The tax effect is expected to be
immaterial.
(G) Financial Instruments and Concentration of Credit Risk
The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, including cash
and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, restricted
cash, accounts payable, and notes payable approximates fair market value. Cash
and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and accounts receivable approximate fair
market value due to their short-term nature. Notes payable approximate fair
market value as interest rates on these notes approximate market rates.
Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk
consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and trade
accounts receivable.
Credit risk is concentrated in North America. The Company performs ongoing
credit evaluations of the financial condition of its customers, and generally
requires no collateral from customers. Based on the historical amount of
accounts receivable written off in prior years, the Company currently believes
that it has adequately reserved for doubtful accounts as of the date of each
balance sheet presented herein.
(H) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The excess of the purchase price paid over the fair value of net assets
acquired in business combinations is classified as goodwill. Goodwill and other
intangible assets are generally amortized on a straight-line basis over a
three-year period. Amortization of goodwill and intangible assets was $12.7
million, $4.8 million, and $0 for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000 and
1999, respectively.
The Company reviews its long-lived assets, including goodwill and other
intangible assets, for impairment periodically and whenever events or changes in
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of these assets may not be
recoverable. The Company's policy is to assess the recoverability of goodwill
using estimated undiscounted cash flows. Those cash flows include an estimated
terminal value based on the hypothetical sale of the acquired entity at the end
of the related goodwill amortization period.
(I) Stock-Based Compensation
The Company accounts for stock option grants under Statement of Financial
Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation,
which permits the use of the intrinsic-value method in accordance with
Accounting Principles Board (APB) Opinion No.25, Accounting for Stock Issued to
Employees, and related interpretations. Costs associated with stock-based
compensation are amortized ratably over the vesting period of the individual
award.
47
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
(J) Income Taxes
Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax
consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement
carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax
bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and
liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable
income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be
recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a
change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the
enactment date. A valuation allowance is established when necessary to reduce
deferred tax assets to the amounts that the Company expects to realize.
(K) Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred until technological
feasibility has been established, in accordance with SFAS No. 86, Accounting for
the Costs of Computer Software to be Sold, Leased or Otherwise Marketed. To
date, the Company's service offerings have been available for general release
concurrent with the establishment of technological feasibility and accordingly,
no development costs have been capitalized.
(L) Net Loss Per Share
Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted-average number of
outstanding shares of common stock excluding shares of restricted stock subject
to repurchase summarized below. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the
weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding and, when
dilutive, potential common shares from options and warrants to purchase common
stock using the treasury stock method and from convertible securities using the
"as-if-converted" basis.
The following potential common shares have been excluded from the
computation of diluted net loss per share because the effect would have been
antidilutive (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Year Ended
September 30,
------------------------
2001 2000 1999
------ ------ ------
<S> <C> <C> <C>
Shares outstanding under stock options .......................... 3,351 3,927 1,926
Shares of restricted stock subject to repurchase................. 101 282 1,479
Shares issuable pursuant to warrants to purchase common stock.... -- -- 110
</TABLE>
The weighted-average exercise price of outstanding stock options was $19.58,
$33.30 and $6.16 for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999,
respectively. The weighted-average purchase price of restricted stock was $0.74,
$0.25, and $0.25, for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999,
respectively. The weighted-average exercise price of common stock warrants was
$0.05 for the year ended September 30, 1999.
(M) Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2001, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued
Statements of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 144, Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets. SFAS 144 addresses financial
accounting and reporting for the impairment or disposal of long-lived assets.
While SFAS 144 supersedes SFAS No. 121, Accounting for the Impairment of
Long-Lived Assets and for Long-Lived Assets to be Disposed of (SFAS 121), it
retains many of the fundamental provisions of that statement. SFAS 144 is
effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2001. The Company is
currently
48
<PAGE>
evaluating the impact of SFAS 144 on its financial position and
results of operations, but is not expected to have any material impact on its
reported results.
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
In July 2001, the FASB issued SFAS 141, Business Combinations, and SFAS
142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. SFAS 141 requires that the purchase
method of accounting be used for all business combinations initiated after June
30, 2001 as well as all purchase method business combinations completed after
June 30, 2001. SFAS 141 also specifies the criteria that intangible assets
acquired in a purchase method business combination must meet to be recognized
and reported apart from goodwill, noting that any purchase price allocable to an
assembled workforce may not be accounted for separately. SFAS 142 requires that
goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite useful lives no longer be
amortized, but instead be tested for impairment at least annually in accordance
with the provisions of SFAS 142. SFAS 142 also requires that intangible assets
with estimable useful lives be amortized over their respective estimated useful
lives to their estimated residual values, and reviewed for impairment in
accordance with SFAS 121.
The Company is required to adopt the provisions of SFAS 141 immediately,
except with regard to business combinations initiated prior to July 1, 2001, and
SFAS 142 effective October 1, 2002. The Company has elected to early adopt SFAS
142, effective October 1, 2001. Furthermore, any goodwill and any intangible
assets determined to have an indefinite useful life that are acquired in a
purchase business combination completed after June 30, 2001 will not be
amortized, but will continue to be evaluated for impairment in accordance with
the appropriate pre-SFAS 142 accounting literature. Goodwill and intangible
assets acquired in business combinations completed before July 1, 2001 can
continue to be amortized prior to the adoption of SFAS 142.
SFAS 141 requires upon adoption of SFAS 142, that the Company evaluates its
existing intangible assets and goodwill that were acquired in a prior purchase
business combination, and make any necessary reclassifications in order to
conform with the new criteria in SFAS 141 for recognition apart from goodwill.
Upon adoption of SFAS 142, the Company is required to reassess the useful lives
and residual values of all intangible assets acquired in purchase business
combinations, and make any necessary amortization period adjustments by the end
of the first interim period after adoption. In addition, to the extent an
intangible asset is identified as having an indefinite useful life, the Company
is required to test the intangible asset for impairment in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 142 within the first interim period. Any impairment loss is
measured as of the date of adoption and recognized as a cumulative effect of a
change in accounting principle in the first interim period.
In connection with the transitional goodwill impairment evaluation, SFAS
142 requires the Company to perform an assessment of whether there is an
indication that goodwill is impaired as of the date of adoption. To accomplish
this the Company must identify its reporting units and determine the carrying
value of each reporting unit by assigning the assets and liabilities, including
the existing goodwill and intangible assets, to those reporting units as of the
date of adoption. The Company then has up to six months from the date of
adoption to determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to
the reporting unit's carrying amount. To the extent that a reporting unit's
carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an indication exists that the reporting
unit's goodwill may be impaired and the Company must perform the second step of
the transitional impairment test. In the second step, the Company must compare
the implied fair value of the reporting unit's goodwill, determined by
allocating the reporting unit's fair value to all of it assets (recognized and
unrecognized) and liabilities in a manner similar to a purchase price allocation
in accordance with SFAS 141, to its carrying amount, both of which would be
measured as of the date of adoption. This second step is required to be
completed as soon as possible, but no later than the end of the year of
adoption. Any transitional impairment loss is recognized as a cumulative
effect of a change in accounting principle in our statement of operations.
The Company has elected to early adopt SFAS 142, effective October 1, 2001.
At September 30, 2001, the Company had unamortized goodwill in the amount of
approximately $3.0 million and unamortized identifiable intangible assets in the
amount of approximately $1.5 million. These amounts will be subject to the
transition provisions of SFAS 141 and 142, and as a result, beginning October
2001, goodwill will no longer be amortized. Amortization expense related to
goodwill and intangible assets was approximately $12.7 million and $4.8 million,
for the years ended September 30, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The Company does
not currently expect that
49
<PAGE>
the adoption of SFAS 142 will have a material impact
on its financial position or results of operations.
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
(N) Reclassifications
Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for
fiscal 1999 and 2000 have been reclassified to conform to the financial
statement presentation for fiscal 2001.
(3) Investments
The following table summarizes the Company's short-term investments in
investment-grade debt securities as of September 30, 2001 (in thousands):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Gross Gross Estimated
Amortized Unrealized Unrealized Market
Cost Gains Losses Value
---- ----- ------ -----
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Obligations of U.S. government
agencies ................................ $ 14,990 $ 153 --- $ 15,143
Corporate debt securities ................. 181,109 2,314 --- 183,423
------- ----- --- -------
Total ..................................... $196,099 $2,467 $ --- $198,566
======= ===== === =======
</TABLE>
The tax effect is expected to be immaterial.
The following table summarizes the maturities of fixed maturity investments
available for sale at September 30, 2001 (in thousands). Expected maturities
will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to
call or repay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Estimated
Amortized Market
Cost Value
---- -----
<S> <C> <C>
Due in 1 year ............................................ $ 15,677 $ 15,735
Due in 2 years ........................................... 180,422 182,831
-------- -------
Total ................................................. $196,099 $198,566
======= =======
</TABLE>
(4) Stockholder Notes Receivable and Loans to Related Parties
In January 2001, the Company loaned $575,000 to Donald Aoki, our Vice
President of Engineering, secured by a loan and security agreement, in
connection with the repayment of a margin loan. The loan accrued interest at the
rate of 5.9% per year and was paid in full in May 2001.
(5) Property and Equipment
Property and equipment comprised the following (in thousands):
September 30,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
50
<PAGE>
Computer equipment and software $ 21,990 $ 12,265
Furniture and fixtures 1,241 292
Leasehold improvements 3,996 68
-------- --------
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
27,227 12,625
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization.......... 10,019 4,024
-------- --------
$ 17,208 $ 8,601
======== ========
(6) Accrued Expenses
Accrued expenses comprised the following (in thousands):
September 30,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
Accrued employee compensation........................... $ 540 $ 831
Accrued interest........................................ 1,920 311
Other accrued expenses.................................. 8,166 6,655
-------- --------
$ 10,626 $ 7,797
======== ========
(7) Notes Payable
Notes payable comprised the following (in thousands):
September 30,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
Equipment notes at an annual interest rates of between
5.6% and 10.25% payable in monthly installments...... $ 723 $ 1,900
Discount............................................... -- (25)
-------- --------
723 1,875
Less current portion................................... 723 1,191
-------- --------
Non-current portion of notes payable $ 0 $ 684
======== ========
(8) Stockholders' Equity
(A) 1999 Equity Incentive Plan
In September 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Equity Incentive Plan
(Incentive Plan). The Incentive Plan provides for the award of incentive stock
options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards and stock bonuses.
Options may be exercisable only as they vest or may be immediately exercisable
with the shares issued subject to the Company's right of repurchase that lapses
as the shares vest. In general, options vest over a four-year period. As of
September 30, 2001, the Company was authorized to issue up to 7.8 million shares
of common stock in connection with the Incentive Plan to employees, directors,
and consultants, which includes options reserved for issuance under the
Company's 1996 and 1997 Stock Option Plans, which plans terminated upon the
completion of the Company's initial public offering. The number of shares
reserved under the Incentive Plan increases automatically on January 1 of each
calendar year by a number of shares equal to 5% of the Company's outstanding
shares on the preceding December 31.
51
<PAGE>
Stock options granted prior to April 1999 were generally immediately
exercisable subject to a restricted stock purchase agreement whereby the Company
has the right to repurchase the unvested portion of the shares upon the
voluntary or involuntary termination of the purchaser's employment with the
Company at the original issuance cost. The Company's right of repurchase lapses
with respect to 25% of the shares after one year and ratably on a monthly
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
basis over the following three years. Through September 30, 2001, 101,000 shares
of common stock issued upon exercise of stock options were subject to repurchase
at a weighted-average price of $0.74 per share. Certain of these restricted
shares were issued to officers and employees of the Company for full recourse
promissory notes with interest rates ranging from 6% to 7% and terms of 5 years.
As of September 30, 2000, these notes were paid in full.
Under the Incentive Plan, the exercise price for incentive stock options is
at least 100% of the stock's fair market value on the date of the grant for
employees owning less than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock, and
at least 110% of the fair market value on the date of grant for employees owning
more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of stock. For nonqualified
stock options, the exercise price is also at least 110% of the fair market value
on the date of grant for employees owning more than 10% of the voting power of
all classes of stock and no less than 85% for employees owning less than 10% of
the voting power of all classes of stock. Options expire 10 years after the date
of grant.
(B) 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
In September 1999, the Company adopted the 1999 Employee Stock Purchase Plan
(Purchase Plan) and the Company had reserved 914,399 shares of common stock for
issuance under the purchase plan as of September 30, 2001. The number of shares
reserved under the Purchase Plan increases automatically on January 1 of each
calendar year by a number of shares equal to 1% of the Company's outstanding
shares on the preceding December 31. Under the Purchase Plan, eligible employees
may defer an amount not to exceed 10% of the employee's compensation, as defined
in the Purchase Plan, to purchase common stock of the Company. The purchase
price per share will be 85% of the lesser of the fair market value of the common
stock on the first day of the applicable offering period or the last day of each
purchase period. The Purchase Plan will be intended to qualify as an "employee
stock purchase plan" under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. Through
September 30, 2001, 193,503 shares had been issued under this plan, and 720,896
shares had been reserved for future issuance.
(C) Stock-Based Compensation
The Company uses the intrinsic-value method in accounting for its employee
stock-based compensation plans. Accordingly, no compensation cost has been
recognized for any of its stock options granted because the exercise price of
each option equaled or exceeded the fair value of the underlying common stock as
of the grant date for each stock option, except for certain stock options
granted in fiscal 1999. For those option grants, the Company recorded deferred
stock compensation of $1.9 million for the difference at the grant date between
the exercise price of each stock option granted and the fair value of the
underlying common stock. This amount is being amortized on a straight-line basis
over the vesting period, generally four years.
Had the Company determined compensation costs based on the fair value at the
grant date for its stock options under SFAS No. 123 for all of the Company's
stock-based compensation plans, net loss and basic and diluted net loss per
share would have been as follows:
Years Ended September 30,
-------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
--------- --------- ---------
Net loss (in thousands):
As reported ............................ $(56,401) $ (2,715) $(7,110)
======== ======== =======
Pro forma .............................. (60,949) (12,245) $(7,297)
======== ======== =======
52
<PAGE>
Basic and diluted net loss per share:
As reported ................................. (2.04) (0.11) $ (1.54)
======== ===== =======
Pro forma ................................... $ (2.20) (0.48) $ (1.58)
======== ===== =======
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the
Black-Scholes option pricing model. Weighted-average assumptions for options
granted for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively,
are as follows:
2001 2000 1999
---- ---- ----
Volatility 60.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Risk-free interest rates 4.52% 6.18% 5.45%
Expected life (in years) 2.50 2.47 2.50
Dividend yield -- -- --
The fair value of purchase rights granted under the Purchase Plan is
estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with
the following weighted-average assumptions for the grants in fiscal 1999: no
expected dividends, expected volatility of 100%, risk-free rate of 6.18% and
expected life of six months. The weighted-average fair value of the purchase
rights granted under the Purchase Plan during fiscal 1999 was $34.83 per share.
There were no purchase rights granted during fiscal 2000 and 2001.
A summary of activity under the Company's option plans is as follows (in
thousands, except per share data):
<TABLE>
<CAPTION>
Years Ended September 30,
------------------------------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
----------------- ------------------ -----------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Average Average Average
Exercise Exercise Exercise
Shares Price Shares Price Shares Price
-------- ------- -------- ------- -------- -------
<S> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C> <C>
Outstanding at the
beginning of the year.......... 3,927 $33.30 1,926 $ 6.16 742 $ 0.21
Granted.......................... 1,979 12.99 2,488 49.88 2,080 5.92
Exercised........................ (292) 3.72 (345) 2.09 (798) 0.66
Cancelled........................ (2,263) 39.66 (142) 0.42 (98) 0.78
-------- ------- -------- ------- -------- -------
Outstanding at the end of
the year....................... 3,351 $19.58 3,927 $33.30 1,926 $6.16
======== ======= ======== ======= ======== =======
Options exercisable at
end of the year................ 611 $14.48 478 $6.96 567 $1.47
======== ======= ======== ======= ======== =======
Weighted-average fair
value of options granted
during the year with
exercise prices equal
to fair value at date
of grant....................... $5.95 $50.02 $2.90
Weighted-average fair
value of options granted
during the year with
exercise prices less
than fair value at
date of grant.................. -- -- $2.61
</TABLE>
The following table summarizes information about stock options outstanding
as of September 30, 2001 (in thousands, except per share data):
53
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
Options Outstanding Options Exercisable
--------------------------------- ---------------------
Weighted-
Average Weighted- Weighted-
Number Remaining Average Number Average
Outstanding Contractual Exercise Outstanding Exercise
Exercise Prices at 9/30/01 Life Price Price
--------------- ----------- ----------- --------- ----------- ---------
From $0.20 to $0.24 12 6.3 $0.22 8 $0.21
From $0.50 to $0.50 29 7.2 0.50 20 0.50
From $1.60 to $2.05 76 7.5 1.62 28 1.62
From $3.20 to $4.42 66 7.6 3.98 39 4.00
From $6.77 to $10.10 1,344 8.7 8.80 322 8.46
From $10.31 to $15.31 825 9.3 13.01 72 11.42
From $15.81 to $23.06 345 9.0 18.51 42 20.10
From $24.25 to $36.00 226 8.9 32.95 31 32.85
From $36.69 to $54.75 87 8.7 51.20 27 51.31
From $56.69 to $81.13 333 8.1 69.51 17 66.69
From $102.25 to $152.00 3 2.5 137.12 3 145.47
From $154.00 to $154.00 5 8.4 154.00 2 154.00
----- --- ------- --- ------
From $0.20 to $154.00 3,351 8.7 $ 19.58 611 $14.48
===== === ======= === ======
(D) Stock Repurchase Plan
The Company is authorized to repurchase up to $50.0 million of its common
stock in the open market from time to time as market conditions warrant. As of
September 30, 2001, the Company had repurchased 253,300 shares of stock at an
aggregate price of approximately $2.4 million.
(9) Acquisitions
On July 13, 2001, the Company acquired the management service provider
business of Envive Corporation (Envive), a provider of web application
performance management solutions. The transaction was accounted for under the
purchase method of accounting. The acquisition is expected to supplement the
Company's existing testing services. The price consideration was determined
based on negotiations between the Company and Envive.
The $3.4 million cash purchase consideration was allocated to the assets and
liabilities acquired based on estimated fair values at the acquisition date. The
primary purchase adjustments related to the recording of goodwill of
approximately $2.2 million and other intangible assets of approximately $1.3
million. In accordance with SFAS 141, the Company did not record any goodwill
amortization since the acquisition occurred after June 30, 2001. All of the $2.2
million in goodwill arising from the acquisition is expected to be deductible
for tax purposes. Other intangible assets of $1.3 million include $1.2 million
related to technology and $100,000 related to customer base. Intangible assets
are being amortized on a straight-line basis over thirty-six months.
Amortization of intangible assets related to the Envive acquisition was $239,000
for the year ended September 30, 2001. The consolidated statement of operations
includes activity of Envive subsequent to the acquisition. The operating results
of Envive were immaterial to the results of the Company as a whole, and would
not have materially altered the results of the operations of the Company if the
results of the two companies were combined on a pro forma basis for fiscal 2001.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair value of the assets acquired
and liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition (in thousands):
54
<PAGE>
Property and equipment, net ....................................... 580
Accounts receivable, net .......................................... 73
Goodwill .......................................................... 2,209
Other intangible assets, primarily technology and customer base ... 1,337
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
Current liabilities ............................................... (114)
Deferred revenue .................................................. (643)
Sales tax liability ............................................... ( 42)
------
Total purchase consideration ...................................... $3,400
======
On August 18, 2000, the Company acquired Digital Content, L.L.C. (Digital
Content), a provider of website accessibility monitoring for e-businesses. The
Digital Content acquisition was accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting.
The transaction was completed for $15 million in cash, plus up to an
additional $10 million in cash to be paid if certain revenue target goals are
met in the 12 months ended December 31, 2001. If Digital Content's revenues
equal or exceed the revenue target goals in the twelve months ended December 31,
2001, $10 million in cash shall be distributed pro rata by the Company to the
designated members, except those members who were employees of Digital Content
on the agreement date, but who are no longer employees of Digital Content on the
payment date, according to the percentage of interest of each designated Digital
Content member. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, in the event that Digital
Content's revenues for the 12 months ended December 31, 2001 equal or exceed $4
million but are less than $5 million, $5 million in cash shall be distributed
pro rata by the Company to all of the members according to each Digital Content
member's percentage interest. Based on revenues generated by Digital Content to
date, the Company considers it unlikely that the revenue target goals will be
achieved, and therefore considers it unlikely that any additional cash payments
will be made.
On June 2, 2000, the Company acquired Velogic, Inc. (Velogic), a provider of
load-testing services for e-businesses. The Velogic acquisition was intended to
be a tax-free reorganization and was accounted for under the purchase method of
accounting.
In connection with the Velogic acquisition, the Company issued an aggregate
of 830,684 shares of its common stock for all of the outstanding capital stock
of Velogic and assumed all stock options and warrants of Velogic, of which
166,137 shares were subject to an escrow to ensure certain indemnification
obligations of the former Velogic shareholders. These shares were released on
December 29, 2000. The value of shares issued and stock options assumed (the
purchase consideration) was approximately $39.2 million.
In addition, if Velogic achieves certain revenue targets attributed to
Velogic products and services in calendar 2001, the Company will be obligated to
issue to the former Velogic shareholders additional shares of Keynote common
stock or cash having an aggregate value of up to approximately $3.9 million. If
these revenue goals are met, the Company could be obligated to issue additional
shares of its common stock, or cash, having an aggregate value of up to
approximately $7.8 million. The determination as to whether cash or stock will
be paid, if performance targets are met is at the sole discretion of the
Company. Based on revenues generated by Velogic to date, the Company considers
it unlikely that the revenue target goals will be achieved, and therefore
considers it unlikely that any additional cash or stock payments will be made.
The following summary, prepared on an unaudited pro-forma basis, reflects
consolidated results of operations for the year ended September 30, 2000,
assuming Velogic and Digital Content had been acquired on October 1, 1999, (in
thousands, except per share data):
Year Ended
September 30
------------------
2000
--------
Revenues ..................................................... $ 34,632
55
<PAGE>
Net loss ............................................(24,823)
Basic and diluted net loss per share ................ (0.96)
Shares used in pro-forma per share computation ...... 25,824
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
(10) Impairment and Other Charges
(A) Impairment of Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
The Company's acquisition of Velogic was accounted for as a purchase
business combination, and resulted in approximately $36.7 million of goodwill
and approximately $4.1 million of other intangible assets. The Company's
acquisition of Digital Content was also accounted for as a purchase business
combination, and resulted in approximately $5.2 million in goodwill and
approximately $3.1 million in other intangible assets.
Because the Velogic and Digital Content acquisitions have not met the
performance targets established at the time of acquisition, and because market
conditions used as a basis for estimating terminal values continue to remain
depressed, the Company performed an impairment assessment of its goodwill and
other intangible assets recorded in connection with the acquisitions. As a
result, management recorded an impairment charge during the year ended September
30, 2001 in the amount of approximately $30.5 million. The Company assessed the
recoverability of goodwill and intangible assets using estimated undiscounted
cash flows. Those cash flows include an estimated terminal value based on a
hypothetical sale of an acquisition at the end of the related goodwill and
intangible assets amortization period. At September 30, 2001, the Company had a
remaining balance of goodwill and other intangible assets of approximately $4.5
million. The impairment charge and remaining carrying value of goodwill and
intangible assets is summarized as follows (in thousands):
Other Carrying
Intangible Value at
Goodwill Assets Total 9/30/01
---------- -------- ------- --------
Digital Content ...........$ 3,100 $ 1,800 $ 4,900 $ 883
Velogic ................... 23,000 2,600 25,600 442
Envive .................... -- -- -- 3,172
--------- -------- ------- ------
Total .................$ 26,100 $ 4,400 $30,500 $4,497
========= ======== ======= ======
(B) Restructuring Charge
In April 2001, the Company incurred restructuring costs of $271,000 relating
to a reduction in workforce. The Company reduced its workforce by approximately
36 employees, or a 13% reduction from March 31, 2001. The restructuring costs
consisted of severance payments, which were paid in full during the quarter
ended June 30, 2001.
(C) Excess Facility Charge
During the year ended September 30, 2001, the Company recorded a charge of
$11.0 million for certain costs related to the unoccupied portion of its
building in San Mateo, California. The Company is currently occupying
approximately 40% of the building, and is actively seeking tenants for the
remaining 60%. The $11.0 million charge includes certain lease costs such as
lease expense, insurance, and property taxes. Other operating costs associated
with the unoccupied space will be reported as incurred as operating expenses in
future periods. Actual future cash requirements may differ materially from the
reserve balance at September 30, 2001. As of September 30, 2001, $10.3 million
of the excess facility charge remains accrued.
56
<PAGE>
(11) Income Taxes
Loss (excluding allocations of corporate overhead) before income taxes is
attributable to the following geographic locations for the years ended
September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999 (in thousands):
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
Year Ended September 30,
-----------------------------
2001 2000 1999
-------- -------- --------
United States .......................... $(55,891) $(1,536) $(7,110)
Foreign ................................ 90 (1,179) --
-------- ------- -------
Income or loss before income taxes ..... $(55,801) $(2,715) $(7,110)
======== ======= =======
Income tax expense for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999
consisted of the following (in thousands):
Year Ended September 30,
------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
-------- -------- --------
Current:
Federal ...........................$ -- $ -- $ --
Foreign ........................... 194 -- --
State ............................. 406 -- --
-------- -------- --------
Total current tax expense ...............$ 600 -- $ --
======== ======== ========
Deferred:
Federal ...........................$ -- $ -- $ --
State ............................. -- -- --
-------- -------- --------
Total deferred tax expense ..............$ -- -- $ --
======== ======== ========
Total income tax expense ................$ 600 $ -- $ --
======== ======== ========
Income tax expense (benefit), in thousands, for the years ended September
30, 2001, 2000, and 1999 differed from the amounts computed by applying the
statutory federal income tax rate of 35% for fiscal 2001, and 34% for fiscal
2000 and fiscal 1999 to pretax income (loss) as a result of the following (in
thousands):
Year ended September 30,
-------------------------------
2001 2000 1999
--------- --------- ---------
Federal tax benefit at statutory rate $(19,529) $ (918) $(2,417)
State tax expense at statutory rate 374 -- --
Change in valuation allowances -- (936) --
Net operating loss not utilized 8,253 481 2,220
Non-deductible goodwill 11,294 1,444 --
Non-deductible expenses 14 9 197
Alternative minimum tax 32 -- --
Foreign tax differential 162 (80) --
--------- -------- --------
57
<PAGE>
Total income tax expense ................ $600 $-- $ --
======== ======== ========
The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant
portions of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented
below (in thousands):
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
September 30,
------------------
2001 2000
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets:
Accruals, reserves and other ............ $ 1,195 $ 696
Accrued facilities ...................... 4,196 --
Deferred start-up costs ................. 39 105
Deferred compensation ................... -- 81
State taxes ............................. 60 --
Intangibles related to acquisition ...... 5,366 802
Net operating loss carryforwards ........ 7,633 8,383
Tax credit carryforwards ................ 1,108 780
------- -------
Gross deferred tax assets ............... 19,597 10,847
Valuation allowance ..................... (19,240) (9,321)
------- -------
Total deferred tax assets ............... 357 1,526
------- -------
Deferred tax liabilities:
Acquired intangible assets .............. -- (1,429)
Plant and equipment ..................... (357) (97)
------- -------
Total deferred tax liabilities .......... (357) (1,526)
------- -------
Net deferred tax assets ................... -- --
======= =======
Management has established a valuation allowance for the portion of deferred
tax assets for which realization is uncertain. The net change in the total
valuation allowance for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999 was
an increase of $9.9 million, $4.6 million, and $2.5 million, respectively. The
Company's accounting for deferred taxes under SFAS No. 109, Accounting for
Income Taxes, involves the evaluation of a number of factors concerning the
realizability of the Company's deferred tax assets. To support the Company's
conclusion that a 100% valuation allowance was required, management primarily
considered such factors as the Company's history of operating losses, the nature
of the Company's deferred tax assets and the absence of taxable income in prior
carryback years. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets,
management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all
of deferred tax assets will not be realized. The realization of deferred tax
assets is dependent upon several factors, including the timing, likelihood and
amount, if any, of future taxable income during the periods in which those
temporary differences become deductible, history of operating income or losses.
At present, management does not believe that it is more likely than not that the
deferred tax assets will be realized; accordingly, a full valuation allowance
has been established and no deferred tax asset is shown in the accompanying
consolidated balance sheets.
As of September 30, 2001, approximately $4.2 million of the valuation
allowance for deferred tax assets is attributable to employee stock option
deductions, the benefit from which will be allocated to additional paid-in
capital if and when subsequently realized.
58
<PAGE>
Deferred tax liabilities have not been recognized for undistributed earnings
of foreign subsidiaries because it is management's intention to reinvest such
undistributed earnings outside the United States.
The Company has net operating loss carryforwards for U.S. and foreign income
tax purposes of approximately $17.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively,
available to reduce future income subject to income taxes. The U.S. net
operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire, if not utilized, in the year
2010. The foreign net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in the
year 2005. In addition, the Company had approximately $13.4 million of net
operating loss carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income, for
state income tax purposes. The state net operating loss carryforwards will begin
to expire, if not utilized, in the year 2003.
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
As of September 30, 2001, the Company had research credit carryforwards for
federal and state income tax purposes of approximately $713,000 and $607,000,
respectively, available to reduce future income taxes The federal research
credit carryforwards begin to expire in the year 2010. The California research
credit carryforwards expire indefinitely.
Federal and state tax laws impose substantial restrictions on the
utilization of net operating loss and credit carryforwards in the event of an
"ownership change" for tax purposes, as defined in Section 382 of the Internal
Revenue Code. The Company has not yet determined whether an ownership change
occurred due to significant stock transactions in each of the reporting years
disclosed. If an ownership change occurred, utilization of the net operating
loss carryforwards could be reduced significantly.
(12) Commitments and Contingencies
(A) Leases
The Company leases its facilities and certain equipment under noncancellable
operating leases, which expire on various dates through December 2005.
Additionally, the Company has recorded equipment under a capital lease. At
September 30, 2001, future minimum payments under the leases, net of sublease
income, are as follows (in thousands):
Year ending September 30:
Operating Capital
--------- -------
2002 ......................................... 1,579 110
2003 ......................................... 1,973 --
2004 ......................................... 2,271 --
2005 ......................................... 89,017 --
Thereafter ................................... 26 --
-------- -----
Total minimum lease payments ................. $ 94,866 $110
========
Less amount representing interest ............ 3
-----
Present value of minimum lease payments,
all of which is current ................... 107
=====
The above amounts do not include lease expenses related to the excess
facility charge that have already been accrued as of September 30, 2001.
Rent expense for the years ended September 30, 2001, 2000, and 1999 was
approximately $2,075,000, $1,356,000, and $551,000 respectively.
59
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
On July 11, 2000, the Company entered into a lease agreement for an 188,000
square foot office building in San Mateo, California which the Company began
occupying in March 2001. Payments under this operating lease are based on LIBOR.
The rates are charged based on 30-day to 180-day LIBOR contracts. To fully
collateralize this obligation, $85.0 million has been deposited in an
interest-bearing escrow account and is included in the balance sheet as
restricted cash as of September 30, 2001 and 2000. In accordance with the lease
agreement, the cash restriction expires on June 2005.
(B) Legal Proceedings
The Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims, and litigation arising
in the ordinary course of business. While the outcome of these matters is
currently not determinable, management does not expect that the ultimate costs
to resolve these matters will have a material adverse effect on the Company's
consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Beginning August 16, 2001, a number of class action lawsuits have been filed
in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
against the Company, certain of its officers and the underwriters. These
so-called "laddering" lawsuits are essentially identical, and were brought on
behalf of those who purchased the Company's publicly traded securities between
September 24, 1999 and August 19, 2001. These complaints allege that the
underwriters of its initial public offering allocated shares in its initial
public offering in exchange for agreements by investors to buy additional shares
in the aftermarket at a higher price or to buy shares in other companies with
higher than normal commissions. The complaint also alleges that the prospectus
for its initial public offering was false and misleading in violation of federal
securities laws because it did not disclose these alleged arrangements. The
complaints, together with numerous other "laddering" cases, have been
consolidated into a single action. The Company believes the claims are without
merit and intends to defend the actions vigorously. However, these claims, even
if not meritorious, could be expensive and divert management's attention from
operating the company.
(C) Stock Options Exchange Program
In April 2001, the Company's board of directors approved a voluntary
stock option exchange program. The Company offered its employees (other than its
Chief Executive Officer, executive officers who report to the Chief Executive
Officer, directors and non-exempt employees) the opportunity to cancel certain
stock options granted on or after September 24, 1999, with exercise prices above
the current market value of the Company's common stock, in exchange for new
options to be granted at least six months and one day after the current options
are cancelled at the then fair market value. Options to purchase a total of
approximately 1.2 million shares were cancelled pursuant to this program on May
8, 2001. Subject to the terms and conditions of the program, the Company, on
November 12, 2001, granted new options to purchase a total of approximately 1.2
million shares at $7.52 per share.
(13) Geographic, Segment, and Significant Customer Information
The Company has determined that it operates in a single operating segment: the
development and sale of services to measure, assure and improve the quality of
service of web sites.
The Company markets its products primarily from its operations in the United
States. International sales are primarily to customers in Europe. These sales
and foreign-owned assets are not significant.
Significant customer information is as follows:
Percent of Total
Percent of Accounts
Total Revenue Receivable
---------------------- ------------------
Years Ended
September 30, At September 30,
---------------------- ------------------
2001 2000 1999 2001 2000
---- ---- ---- ---- ----
Customer A ......... -- 2% 6% -- --
Customer B ......... -- 10% 5% -- 13%
60
<PAGE>
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
Supplementary Data (Unaudited)
The following tables set forth quarterly supplementary data for each of the
fiscal years in the two-year period ended September 30, 2001.
2001
--------------------------------------------------------
Quarter Ended
------------------------------------------- Year Ended
December 31, March 31 June 30 September 30 September 30
2000
----------- -------- ------- ------------ ------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues ............. $13,018 $12,027 $11,069 $ 9,515 $ 45,629
Total operating
expenses ........... 22,673 20,902 49,236 26,901 119,712
Loss from operations . (9,655) (8,875) (38,167) (17,386) (74,083)
Net loss ............. (4,428) (3,693) (34,448) (13,832) (56,401)
Basic and diluted net
loss per share ..... (0.16) (0.13) (1.24) (0.50) (2.04)
2000
--------------------------------------------------------
Quarter Ended
------------------------------------------- Year Ended
December 31, March 31 June 30 September 30 September 30
1999
----------- -------- ------- ------------ ------------
(In thousands, except per share data)
Revenues .............. $ 4,796 $ 7,178 $ 9,715 $12,078 $ 33,767
Total operating
expenses ............ 7,591 10,126 13,400 19,830 50,947
Loss from operations .. (2,795) (2,948) (3,685) (7,752) (17,180)
Net (loss) income ..... (2,036) (441) 1,723 (1,961) (2,715)
Basic and diluted net
(loss) income per
share ............... (0.09) (0.02) 0.06 (0.07) (0.11)
61
<PAGE>
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosure.
Not applicable.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.
Information relating to our executive officers is presented under Item 4A in
this report. Information relating to our directors is presented under the
caption "Proposal No. 1--Election of Directors" in our definitive proxy
statement in connection with our 2001 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held
in March 2002 to be filed within 120 days of our fiscal year-end. That
information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Keynote Systems, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements--(Continued)
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Information relating to executive compensation is presented under the
caption "Executive Compensation" in our definitive proxy statement. That
information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.
Information relating to the security ownership of our common stock by our
management and other beneficial owners is presented under the caption "Security
Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management" in our definitive proxy
statement. That information is incorporated into this report by reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
Information relating to certain relationships of our directors and executive
officers and related transactions is presented under the caption "Certain
Relationships and Related Transactions" in our definitive proxy statement. That
information is incorporated into this report by reference.
PART IV
62
<PAGE>
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, and Reports on Form 8-K.
(a) Documents to be filed as part of this report:
(1) Financial Statements (see index to Item 8).
(2) Financial Statement Schedules.
The following financial statement schedule is filed as part of this report
and should be read together with our financial statements:
Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
(3) Exhibits
The following table lists the exhibits filed as part of this report. In some
cases, these exhibits are incorporated into this report by reference to exhibits
to our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Where an
exhibit is incorporated by reference, we have noted the type of form filed with
the Securities and Exchange Commission, the file number of that form, the date
of the filing and the number of the exhibit referenced in that filing.
Incorporated by Reference
-------------------------------
Exhibit Filing Exhibit Filed
No. Exhibit Form File No. Date No. Herewith
------- --------------------------- ---- --------- -------- ------- --------
2.01 Agreement and Plan of
Reorganization dated as of
May 9, 2000, by and between
Keynote and Velogic, Inc. 8-K 000-27241 06-16-00 2.01
2.02 Agreement and Plan of
Reorganization dated as of
August 18, 2000 by and
among Keynote, Big Red
Acquisition Corporation,
Digital Content, L.L.C. and
the members of Digital
Content L.L.C. 8-K 000-27241 09-01-00 2.01
3.01 Amended and Restated
Certificate of
Incorporation. S-1 333-94651 01-14-00 3.04
3.02 Bylaws. 14A 000-27241 01-19-00 Annex B
4.01 Form of Specimen Stock
Certificate for Keynote
common stock. S-1 333-82781 09-22-99 4.01
4.02 Third Amended and Restated
Investors' Rights
Agreement, dated as of
April 26, 1999. S-1 333-82781 07-13-99 4.02
10.01 Form of Indemnity Agreement
between Keynote and each of
its directors and executive
officers. S-1 333-94651 01-14-00 10.01A
10.02 1996 Stock Option Plan. S-1 333-82781 07-13-99 10.02
10.03 1999 Stock Option Plan. S-1 333-82781 07-13-99 10.03
10.04 1999 Equity Incentive Plan
and related forms of stock
option agreement and stock
option exercise agreement. S-1 333-82781 08-23-99 10.04
10.05 1999 Employee Stock
Purchase Plan and related
forms of enrollment form,
subscription agreement,
notice of withdrawal and
notice of suspension. S-1 333-82781 08-23-99 10.05
10.06 401(k) Plan. S-1 333-82781 07-13-99 10.06
10.08* Employment Agreement dated
as of December 9, 1997
63
<PAGE>
between Keynote and Umang
Gupta. S-1 333-82781 07-13-99 10.08
10.09 Form of Loan Agreement
between the Keynote and
Umang Gupta, dated as of
June 28, 1999. S-1 333-82781 09-22-99 10.09
10.10* Loan and Security Agreement
between Keynote and
Don Aoki, dated as of
January 3, 2000. 10-Q 000-27241 05-15-00 10.01
10.13 Lease between Keynote and
IBJTC Leasing Corporation-
BSC dated as of July 11,
2000. 10-Q 000-27241 08-14-00 10.01
21.01 Subsidiaries of Keynote. X
23.01 Consent of KPMG LLP,
independent auditors. X
* Management Contract or Compensatory Plan
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
We did not file any current reports on Form 8-K during the year ended
September 30, 2001.
64
<PAGE>
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San
Mateo, State of California, on this 28th day of December, 2001.
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS INC.
By: /s/ Umang Gupta
---------------------------------
Umang Gupta
Chairman of the Board and
Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act, this report has
been signed by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant in the
capacities and on the date indicated.
Name Title Date
---- ----- ----
Principal Executive Officer:
/s/ Umang Gupta Chairman of the Board, December 28, 2001
---------------------------------- Chief Executive Officer
Umang Gupta and Director
Principal Financial Officer And
Principal Accounting Officer:
/s/ John Flavio Senior Vice President of December 28, 2001
- ----------------------------------- Finance and Chief
John Flavio Financial Officer
Additional Directors:
/s/ David Cowan Director December 28, 2001
----------------------------------
David Cowan
/s/ Mark Leslie Director December 28, 2001
----------------------------------
Mark Leslie
Director December 28, 2001
----------------------------------
Stratton Sclavos
Director December 28, 2001
----------------------------------
Leo Hindery Jr.
65
<PAGE>
KEYNOTE SYSTEMS, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
BALANCE AT ADDITIONS
BEGINNING CHARGED TO BALANCE AT
CLASSIFICATION PERIOD OF PERIOD OPERATIONS WRITE-OFFS END OF PERIOD
--------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
ALLOWANCE FOR DOUBTFUL ACCOUNTS
YEAR ENDED
September 30, 2001 ...........$714,000 $2,995,000 $(2,668,000) $1,041,000
September 30, 2000 ...........$255,000 $ 896,000 $ (437,000) $ 714,000
September 30, 1999 ...........$ 22,000 $ 301,000 $ (68,000) $ 255,000
66
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-21.01
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>dex2101.txt
<DESCRIPTION>SUBSIDIARIES OF KEYNOTE
<TEXT>
<PAGE>
EXHIBIT 21.01
SUBSIDIARIES OF KEYNOTE
Keynote Europe SAS, a corporation organized under the laws of the Republic of
France
Velogic, Inc., a California corporation
Big Red Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware Corporation
On Device Acquisition Corporation, a Delaware Corporation
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-23.01
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>dex2301.txt
<DESCRIPTION>CONSENT OF KPMG LLP
<TEXT>
<PAGE>
Exhibit 23.01
INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' CONSENT
The Board of Directors
Keynote Systems, Inc.:
We consent to incorporation by reference in the registration statement on
Form S-8, Nos. 333-73244, 333-47980, and 333-87791 of Keynote Systems, Inc. of
our report dated October 25, 2001, with respect to the consolidated balance
sheets of Keynote Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries as of September 30, 2001 and
2000 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity
and comprehensive income (loss) and cash flows for each of the years in the
three-year period ended September 30, 2001, and the related financial statement
schedule, which report appears in the September 30, 2001 annual report on Form
10-K of Keynote Systems, Inc. and subsidiaries.
/s/ KPMG LLP
Mountain View, California
December 28, 2001
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
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