10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

FORM 10-K

 


 

(MARK ONE)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005

 

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from              to            

 

Commission File Number: 000-49809

 


 

INTERVIDEO, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 


 

Delaware   94-3300070

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification Number)

 

46430 Fremont Boulevard

Fremont, California 94538

(Address of Principal Executive Offices including Zip Code)

 

(510) 651-0888

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities Registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE

 


 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes ¨  No x

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.  Yes ¨  No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  Yes ¨  No x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨   Accelerated filer  x   Non-accelerated filer  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ¨  No x

 

As of June 30, 2005, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates, computed by reference to the closing price for the common stock as quoted by the Nasdaq National Stock Market as of that date, was approximately $104,688,787. Shares of common stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the registrant’s outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 

As of the close of business on March 24, 2006, the registrant had 13,930,246 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Part III incorporates information by reference from the definitive proxy statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report. The registrant may also file an amendment to the Form 10-K within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this report to include the information required by Part III of this Form 10-K.

 



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INTERVIDEO, INC.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

Part I

         

    Item 1.

   Business    1

    Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    11

    Item 1B.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    27

    Item 2.

   Properties    27

    Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    27

    Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    28

Part II

         

    Item 5.

  

Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   29

    Item 6.

   Selected Financial Data    31

    Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   32

    Item 7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    46

    Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    48

    Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   80

    Item 9A.

   Controls and Procedures    81

    Item 9B.

   Other Information    82

Part III

         

    Item 10.

   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant    83

    Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    83

    Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   83

    Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    83

    Item 14.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    83

Part IV

         

    Item 15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    84
Signatures    85


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PART I

 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (the “Annual Report”) contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. Forward-looking statements are generally written in the future tense and/or are preceded by words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “suggest,” “believe,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” or other similar words. Forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report include, among others, statements regarding (1) our acquisition of Ulead Systems, Inc. and the anticipated impact on our business, operations and financial condition, (2) research and development expenses, (3) sales and marketing expenses, (4) other operating and capital expenditures, (5) anticipated growth of operations, personnel and infrastructure, (6) exercise prices of future option grants, (7) the sufficiency of our capital resources, (8) future sources of revenue, (9) growth, decline and seasonality of revenue, (10) deferrals of revenue, (11) interest income, (12) competition and competitive pressures, (13) general market and economic outlook, (14) product sales and prices, (15) our efforts to improve our internal controls, (16) settlement of intellectual property claims, (17) stock-based compensation expenses, (18) general and administrative expenses, and (19) the utility of certain products. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those included herein include, but are not limited to, the information contained under the captions “Part I, Item 1. Business,” “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.” The Company disclaims any obligation to update information in any forward-looking statement.

 

ITEM 1: BUSINESS

 

Introduction

 

We are a provider of DVD software, video editing and DVD burning software, television viewing and recording software and InterVideo InstantON software that allows personal computer (“PC”) users to quickly access multimedia content and devices without requiring booting into traditional operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. We have developed a technology platform from which we have created a broad suite of integrated multimedia software products. These products span the digital video cycle by allowing users to capture, edit, author, distribute, burn and play digital video. Our multimedia software products bring the functionality of popular consumer electronics (“CE”) products such as the DVD player and the digital video recorder, or DVR (also known as a PVR), to PCs. Our software is also used to enhance the functionality of next-generation CE devices. We now offer our multimedia products to manufacturers of handheld devices such as mobile telephones and digital still cameras.

 

Our software is bundled with products sold by PC and CE original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) and is also sold to CE manufacturers. We also sell our products to PC peripherals manufacturers worldwide and offer our software in up to 27 languages. In addition, we sell our products through retail channels, including over 5,000 U.S. retail stores, and directly to consumers through our websites, which currently operate in 12 languages. We have historically derived a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our flagship product, WinDVD, a DVD player software, to PC OEMs. In the future, we expect to derive an increasing percentage of our revenue from sales of products other than WinDVD, including: WinDVD Creator, a video editing, DVD authoring and burning application; InterVideo DVD Copy, an application to copy and backup DVDs and CDs; InterVideo Home Theater, a media center suite for the viewing and management of digital media content; MediaOne, an all-in-one package of our most popular applications such as WinDVD, WinDVD Creator, Disc Master, PhotoAlbum and others; Linux-based versions of our DVD and DVR software designed for Linux-based PCs and CE devices; and InterVideo InstantOn, an embedded system infrastructure that provides PCs with capabilities similar to those of CE devices, allowing PC users to access multimedia assets and devices without requiring

 

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booting into traditional operating systems such as Microsoft Windows; as well as Ulead Systems, Inc. (“Ulead”) product offerings including Ulead DVD MovieFactory, a consumer DVD authoring software; VideoStudio, a video editing software; and PhotoImpact, an image editing software.

 

We have developed the core technologies and products that enable rapid migration of our products to CE devices in addition to multiple PC platforms. We intend to continue developing our intellectual property portfolio and expanding our product offerings to include additional digital multimedia features, such as the ability to deliver digital video and audio through a home network and to wireless electronics devices.

 

We were incorporated in California in April 1998 and reincorporated in Delaware in May 2002. We maintain executive offices and principal facilities at 46430 Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538, and we have additional offices in Taiwan, China, Japan and India. Ulead maintains executive offices and principal facilities in Taiwan and has additional offices in Japan, Germany, the United States, China and the Philippines. Our telephone number is 510-651-0888. We also maintain a web site at www.intervideo.com. The contents of this website are not incorporated in or otherwise to be regarded as part of this annual report on Form 10-K. Copies of this and other annual reports, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to these reports are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after such documents are filed electronically with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Any materials that the Company files with the SEC can be read at the SEC’s website on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov or read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Room 1580, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (800) 732-0330.

 

InterVideo, WinDVD, WinDVD Creator, LinDVD, LinDVR, WinDVR, WinProducer and InterVideo Instant-On are registered U.S. trademarks of InterVideo. Ulead, VideoStudio, PhotoImpact, Ulead DVD MovieFactory, DVD Workshop, MediaStudio, MediaStudio Pro, Ulead DVD PictureShow and Cool 3D are among the registered U.S. trademarks of Ulead.

 

Acquisition of Ulead Systems, Inc.

 

On April 20, 2005, InterVideo, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, InterVideo Digital Technology Corp. (together referred to as “InterVideo”) acquired 33,284,395 shares of Ulead Systems, Inc. (“Ulead”) at 30 NT (US$0.95) per share pursuant to InterVideo’s previously-announced tender offer for the issued shares of Ulead and pursuant to stock purchase agreements with Microtek International Inc. and certain other shareholders of Ulead. Also on April 20, 2005, InterVideo acquired an additional 1,000,000 shares of Ulead at a purchase price of 30 NT (US$0.95) per share through its acquisition of a holding company, Strong Ace Limited. The aggregate purchase price for the 34,284,395 shares of Ulead acquired by InterVideo was US $32.6 million and was paid in cash. Together with the shares of Ulead that InterVideo purchased prior to the tender offer, InterVideo now owns a total of 48,817,395 shares of Ulead, or approximately 63% of the issued shares of Ulead with total cash payments of US$42.0 million. Ulead’s results of operations and balance sheet have been consolidated into our financial statements subsequent to the date of acquisition. Further details are discussed in Note 3, under Part II, Item 8, Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-K.

 

We believe that our investment in Ulead strengthens our technology offering and allows us to provide a more comprehensive digital media solution to both retail and OEM customers. Ulead’s strengths in professional DVD authoring, video editing and still image processing complement our tools and provide enhanced opportunities for addressing emerging and rapidly growing markets including multimedia home networking, high definition and Blu-ray DVD and multimedia mobile phones. Ulead’s complementary product offerings, strong engineering resources and broad retail presence have provided significant opportunities for synergies.

 

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Products

 

We offer a broad suite of multimedia software products that provide OEMs and consumers with a single solution for a variety of multimedia functions. PCs running our integrated multimedia software can replace several dedicated hardware components such as separate DVD players, DVRs, MP3 players, CD players and digital television set-top boxes. Our products have a common look and feel and allow users to toggle quickly and seamlessly between multimedia functions, such as viewing DVDs or TV and listening to music.

 

The current versions of our software operate on multiple Windows operating systems, including Windows 98, NT4.0, 2000, ME and XP editions. We have also developed versions of our key products for the Linux operating system, which is one of the primary operating systems used in next-generation CE devices.

 

WinDVD has been certified by Microsoft’s Windows Hardware Quality Lab, or WHQL, as a Motion Video Device on PC hardware and software configurations. In addition, our software is compatible with a broad range of multimedia hardware products, including specialized graphics chips, audio cards and DVD drives from various suppliers and in various configurations.

 

Our product architecture has allowed us to efficiently develop new products incorporating additional functionality, such as digital video recording, on-disk editing and direct recording onto DVDs. As a result, we can provide our customers with the ability to increase the functionality of their products at a low cost and in a short time frame. Our proprietary layered architecture also generally enables consumers to update or upgrade multimedia features and capabilities without replacing hardware components, which decreases the risk of obsolescence.

 

The following is a list of our major products that we currently license to PC OEMs, CE manufacturers, PC peripherals manufacturers and end users.

 

WinDVD

 

We have historically derived a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our WinDVD product. Our OEM customers bundle WinDVD with PCs equipped with DVD drives and Microsoft Windows compatible software to enable those PCs to decode and play DVDs. WinDVD software allows users to enjoy the advantages of DVDs, such as high picture quality, Dolby Digital and DTS surround sound audio decoding, multiple language and subtitle options, navigation and other entertainment options. Our user interface, which appears on the computer screen, resembles the controls for a stand-alone DVD player and other home electronics devices.

 

We offer WinDVD in 27 different languages, including the most common languages in Europe, South America and Asia, including both traditional and simplified Chinese, Japanese and Korean.

 

WinDVD Creator

 

In order to capitalize on increased sales of DVD-recordable drives, we have developed an easy-to-use tool that allows end users to create their own DVDs from their home movies, television and other video content. WinDVD Creator ships with several of the top PC OEMs and DVD drive vendors.

 

WinDVD Creator integrates into a single package and interfaces a number of functions by combining video DVD authoring and streamlined editing features. We have also integrated proprietary technology that allows end users to record directly from a camcorder or TV tuner onto a DVD disk without caching onto a hard drive. Our on-disk DVD editing technology allows users to save time by making changes to a DVD directly on the optical media without having to transfer the contents of the DVD to the PC.

 

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WinDVR

 

Our WinDVR software permits PC users to create high-quality digital recordings of broadcast, cable and satellite television programming with functionality similar to a set-top DVR. Combined with a TV tuner card, WinDVR permits users to manage their television viewing experience by recording programs, movies or sporting events. Users may also utilize sophisticated time shifting features such as live TV pause, simultaneous record and playback, commercial skip, instant replay and multiple-channel preview.

 

WinDVR also enables PC users to watch high definition digital television, or HDTV, digital video broadcast, or DVB, or other digital video and audio input. With a digital TV tuner card and our WinDVR software, users can watch digital broadcasts on a PC or on a DTV-ready television set. WinDVR supports all 18 ATSC, or American Television Systems Committee, formats and DVB formats used in Europe and Asia.

 

Home Theater

 

Our InterVideo Home Theater product is a media center suite for viewing and managing digital media content. This product enables users to watch high-quality video with surround sound, record favorite broadcast or cable programs, watch DVDs, manage and listen to CDs and digital audio files, and manage and view digital photograph libraries. All of the functions are unified under a user-friendly software interface. The product is designed to be incorporated on PCs used as home digital multimedia entertainment platforms that may be connected to a television to provide a living room style entertainment environment.

 

DVD Copy

 

Our InterVideo DVD Copy software allows users to copy and backup DVDs and VideoCDs. With the rapid growth of DVD recordable devices, users increasingly want to duplicate DVDs and other video discs and to store and backup their discs. InterVideo DVD Copy is designed not to allow the copy of copy-protected DVDs.

 

Disc Master

 

Our Disc Master software allows users to transfer their data, music and other files from their hard drive to a CD-RW drive or DVD-recordable drive.

 

PhotoAlbum

 

Our InterVideo PhotoAlbum software allows users to transfer their image files from digital still cameras, or import them from other storage or scanning devices, organize the image files, edit them, and share them through playback, web, printing, and DVD slideshows.

 

MediaOne

 

Our recently introduced InterVideo MediaOne software package includes many of InterVideo’s popular applications such as WinDVD, WinDVD Creator, Disc Master, PhotoAlbum and others into an organized task-based launch environment that allows users to easily select the task they wish to complete and enter the appropriate application to complete their task.

 

InterVideo InstantON

 

InterVideo InstantON technology provides an embedded system infrastructure that provides PCs with capabilities similar to those of CE devices, allowing PC users to access multimedia assets and devices without requiring booting into traditional operating systems such as Microsoft Windows. InterVideo InstantON allows

 

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PCs to function with a remote control in a manner familiar to users that are comfortable accessing CE devices. We believe that this infrastructure improves the system reliability, human interface, power management, noise control, mean time between failures (MTBF), and glitch-free audio/video playback. InterVideo InstantON allows PC users to access multimedia assets, such as music, photos and videos, and multimedia devices, such as DVD drives or TV tuners, much more quickly than is possible using conventional operating systems and their applications.

 

Linux-based products

 

Linux is an important operating platform used by CE manufacturers in their latest generation of intelligent CE devices. In addition, PC OEMs and manufacturers of cable, Internet and satellite set-top boxes have increasingly used Linux as the operating system for their PCs and intelligent devices. We offer embedded Linux versions of our DVD and DVR PC software, including LinDVD and LinDVR. We have adapted our technology for use in CE and handheld to facilitate marketing products that are designed to enable next-generation CE devices and Linux-based PCs, Internet appliances and set-top boxes to provide DVD playback and recording capabilities. LinDVD and LinDVR are based on our Windows-based software engines, which reduce our time to market with these products and which contribute to a level of performance similar to our WinDVD and WinDVR products.

 

iMobi

 

InterVideo iMobi provides the multimedia codec widely used by smartphones, car entertainment systems, portable media player devices, OEM’s and original device manufacturers (ODM’s) to enhance music and movie enjoyment, any place and anytime.

 

PhotoImpact

 

Ulead’s PhotoImpact is an image editing software known for the broad range of creative effects it offers and the speed with which users can complete complex effects.

 

VideoStudio

 

Ulead’s VideoStudio is a video editing software that enables home users to quickly and easily turn rough home video footage into finished productions complete with titles, transitions, voiceover narration and background music.

 

Ulead DVD MovieFactory

 

Ulead DVD MovieFactory is a consumer DVD authoring software that offers easy disc authoring, an expanded range of creative options and future-ready support for both HD DVD and Blu-ray disc formats.

 

InterVideo Technology Platform

 

Our technology platform incorporates the following design principles:

 

    Modular and layered design for greater expandability and reusability;

 

    Device-independent design and portable implementation for greater platform independence; and

 

    Utilization of industry standards whenever possible to promote market acceptance of our products.

 

Our modular and layered design approach enhances product expandability and component reusability. Because we arrange modular components in layered structures, we can quickly and efficiently add new features

 

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to a product by plugging in new components into appropriate layers. For example, we incorporated the TV and video recording feature into our WinDVD product to create WinDVD Recorder with the addition of new components. Similarly, we enhanced the capabilities of WinDVD Recorder by reusing the Direct Recording feature from WinDVD Creator to enable direct recording from TV or camera to DVD. Because of component reusability, our new products were developed with fewer resources and in less time than would have been required to design them using entirely new components. As new functionality becomes necessary or available for a specific platform, we intend to develop the appropriate modules that expand our products to deliver more and more technology under a single product or as specialized products for that platform.

 

Our flexible design approach and portable implementation allow our software to support a significant number of PC platforms and to work with a broad variety of PC configurations. A significant portion of the software code that is used to implement our products is platform independent. Each software module contains a platform-independent core that is surrounded by a platform-dependent software wrapper that interacts with the devices of a given platform. As a result, we can efficiently port an existing product to a new operating system or hardware platform and cost-effectively support many customers and varied product lines. An example of this type of platform portability is the development of LinDVD from WinDVD. Although the platform dependent interfaces are very different, both products share the same DVD navigation, video and audio engines which comprise the large majority of the software code contained in these products.

 

Customers

 

Our customer base consists primarily of PC OEMs, CE manufacturers and manufacturers of PC peripherals that incorporate our software into their products. For the year ended December 31, 2005, our two largest customers, Hewlett-Packard (“HP”) and Toshiba, accounted for 35% of our revenue. Our license agreements with customers are typically for a term of one or two years and do not contain any minimum volume commitments.

 

Consumers may purchase products and product upgrades directly through our Internet commerce sites. We also use distributors to sell our products to consumers through retail distribution channels. Our products are sold in more than 5,000 U.S. retail stores. Our products are also sold by leading online retailers. Revenue derived from our websites and retail channel accounted for 24% of our revenue in the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

Sales, Marketing and Technical Support

 

Our sales and marketing strategy focuses on establishing and maintaining license arrangements with PC, peripherals and CE manufacturers. We license our digital multimedia solutions on a non-exclusive worldwide basis to PC, peripherals and CE manufacturers that sell products incorporating these technologies to end users. Members of our sales force, located in China, Germany, Japan, Taiwan and the United States, work closely with our OEM customers to define and customize products, conduct on-site testing and provide engineering and field application engineering support. We have also established a network of independent sales representatives and manufacturing representatives in the United States, Asia and Europe to assist in OEM sales. In addition, we sell our products through established web and retail channels. We use our distribution channels through the internet to increase direct contact with our customers, facilitate electronic sales of our products and sell associated products directly to consumers. As part of our retail channel growth strategy, we intend to continue to increase our retail presence at several of the larger U.S. retailers that sell PC software. We also distribute free or trial versions of our software through consumer distribution channels, including media and computer magazines, corporate, educational and training DVD titles and on our internet commerce site. In addition, we intend to actively market and promote our products and take actions to further develop our brand name through trade shows, advertising campaigns and other marketing efforts.

 

We believe the technical assistance that we provide to OEMs represents an important part of our competitive advantage in maintaining strong relationships with these OEMs. We have built a customer assistance

 

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infrastructure composed of sales staff, program managers and quality assurance engineers. We have also created an efficient, cost-effective internet-based system for the delivery of software and technical support to OEMs. This infrastructure reduces duplication of effort and fosters better communication channels between the OEMs and ourselves. This infrastructure enables us to provide technical assistance to OEMs with a relatively small staff and has been a key factor in our ability to maintain and grow our OEM customer base.

 

Our on-line technical support group provides direct customer support to users that purchase our products through retail channels or our websites. Our on-line technical support group also trains the technical support groups of our OEM customers so that they can provide more effective telephone and on-line support for their customers.

 

Total sales and marketing expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 were $18.9 million. As of December 31, 2005, we had 165 sales, marketing and technical support personnel residing in our offices in the United States, Taiwan, Japan, China, India, Germany and the Philippines. A summary of revenue by sales channel, geographic region and product is presented under Part II, Item 8, Note 7, Segment and Geographic Information.

 

Research and Development

 

We have assembled a qualified team of engineers with core competencies in software architecture and development for the Windows, Windows CE and Linux operating systems and digital video and audio encoders and decoders. Our engineers are located in Fremont, California; Taipei, Taiwan; Bangalore, India; and Shanghai and Xi’an, China. We will continue to focus our research and development activities on enhancing our existing products and developing new products to meet the evolving needs of our customers within the PC and the CE markets.

 

We believe that interaction with our OEM customers throughout the product design process enables us to anticipate technology trends and focus our research and development efforts on addressing emerging customer needs. We design products to meet our OEM and CE manufacturing customers’ specifications and current industry standards and will continue to support emerging standards that are complementary to our product strategy.

 

We believe that our competitive position will depend in large part on our ability to develop new and enhanced digital entertainment solutions and our ability to meet the evolving and rapidly changing needs of PC, peripherals and CE manufacturers and consumers. We expect to increase our total research and development expenses in the future to provide resources for enhancement of existing and development of new product lines.

 

As of December 31, 2005, we employed 505 research and development personnel. For the year ended December 31, 2005, our research and development expenditures totaled $20.2 million. We intend to recruit, hire and retain highly qualified engineers and technicians to support our further research and development efforts. To improve the quality of our developer base and to lower our overall developer costs, we intend to increase the number of developers in Taiwan and China.

 

Competition

 

Our industry is intensely competitive, and we expect competition to intensify in the future. Our competitors include software companies that offer digital video or audio applications, companies offering hardware or semiconductor solutions as alternatives to our software products and operating system providers that may develop and integrate applications into their products.

 

Additional competitors are likely to enter our industry in the future. We also face competition from the internal research and development departments of other software companies and PC and CE manufacturers,

 

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including some of our current customers. Some of our customers have the capability to integrate their operations vertically by developing their own software-based digital and audio solutions or by acquiring our competitors or the rights to develop competitive products or technologies, which may allow these customers to reduce their purchases or cease purchasing from us completely. Operating system providers with an established customer base, such as Microsoft, already offer products in the digital video and audio software markets. Some video and audio capabilities are built directly into their operating systems or are offered as upgrades to those operating systems at no additional charge. If Microsoft or other operating system providers develop or license digital video and audio solutions that compete directly with ours and incorporate the solutions into their operating systems, our products could lose market share.

 

We expect our current competitors to introduce improved products at lower prices, and we will need to do the same to remain competitive. We may not be able to compete successfully against either current or future competitors with respect to new or improved products. We believe that competitive pressures may result in price reductions, reduced margins and our loss of market share.

 

Many of our current competitors and potential competitors have longer operating histories and significantly greater financial, technical, sales and marketing resources or greater name recognition than we do. As a result, these competitors are able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, sale and support of their products. In addition, our competitors that have large market capitalizations or cash reserves are in a better position to acquire other companies in order to gain new technologies or products that may displace our products. Any of these potential acquisitions could give our competitors a strategic advantage. In addition, some of our current competitors and potential competitors have more extensive customer base, more developed distribution channels and broader product offerings, than we do. These companies can use their broader customer base and product offerings, or adopt aggressive pricing policies, to gain market share. Increased competition in the market may result in price reductions, decreased customer orders, reduced profit margins and loss of market share, any of which could harm our business.

 

We believe the primary competitive factors impacting our business are:

 

    the quality and reputation of products;

 

    the quality of the program management team;

 

    relationships with OEMs;

 

    compatibility with emerging industry standards;

 

    scope and responsiveness of service and technical support;

 

    ability to offer cost-effective products that balance performance and cost;

 

    timeliness and relevance of new product introductions;

 

    timeliness and quality of modifications and enhancements to existing products to comply with new and evolving hardware and software;

 

    technical innovation;

 

    breadth of product offerings; and

 

    price structure and business model characteristics.

 

Although we believe our products compete favorably with respect to each of these factors, the market for our products is rapidly evolving and we may not be able to maintain our competitive position against current and potential competitors, especially those with greater resources.

 

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Intellectual Property

 

Our success depends upon our ability to protect our proprietary rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as license and confidentiality agreements with our employees, customers, strategic partners and others, to establish and protect our proprietary rights. The protection of patentable inventions is important to our competitive position. We currently have or own the rights to 36 issued U.S. patents, 100 patents issued in foreign jurisdictions, and we have 277 pending patent applications in various jurisdictions, comprised of 111 U.S. patent applications and 166 foreign patent applications.

 

Existing patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws and license and confidentiality agreements afford only limited protection. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries do not protect our proprietary rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States, and detecting and preventing the unauthorized use of our products is difficult. Any failure to adequately protect our proprietary rights could result in our competitors offering similar products, potentially resulting in the loss of revenue and some of our competitive advantage. As discussed in Item 3, Legal Proceedings, we have filed a district court action against Dell and have pending ITC investigation against Dell and Cyberlink for infringement of our U.S Patent No. 6,765,788, which patent is currently under reexamination in the Patent and Trademark Office. Infringement claims and lawsuits to protect our proprietary rights would likely be expensive to resolve and would require management’s time and resources, and, therefore, could harm our business.

 

Our digital video and audio solutions comply with various industry standard specifications. Some third parties have claimed that various aspects of DVD technology incorporated into our and our customers’ products infringe upon patents held by them, including MPEG LA, a consortium formed to enforce the proprietary rights of certain holders of patents covering certain aspects of MPEG-2 technology and a consortium known as “DVD 6C,” formed by a separate group of companies to enforce the proprietary rights of certain holders of patents covering some aspects of DVD technology. In March 2002, we entered into a license agreement with MPEG LA pursuant to which we obtained a license, retroactive to our inception, to MPEG LA’s patents related to the MPEG-2 standard in exchange for a cash payment and our agreement to make ongoing royalty payments. This license requires that we pay a royalty to MPEG LA for our sales to end users and that we notify the OEMs to whom we sell our products that they are obligated to obtain a license from MPEG LA for any use of our products that comply with the MPEG-2 standard.

 

We may receive notices of claims of infringement of other parties’ proprietary rights, including Nissim, AT&T, DVD 6C or 4C, another consortium formed to enforce the proprietary rights of certain holders of patents covering some aspects of DVD technology. Many companies aggressively use their patent portfolios to bring infringement claims against competitors and other parties. As a result, we may become a party to litigation in the future as a result of an alleged infringement of the intellectual property rights of others, including DVD 6C, 4C, Nissim or AT&T. Similarly, other parties have alleged that aspects of MPEG-2, MPEG-4 and other multimedia technologies infringe upon patents held by them. We may be required to pay license fees and damages or be prohibited from selling our products in the future if it is determined that our products infringe on patents owned by these third parties. In addition, other companies may form consortia in the future, similar to MPEG LA, DVD 6C and 4C, to enforce their proprietary rights and these consortia may seek to enforce their patent rights against us and our customers. If DVD 6C, 4C, Nissim, AT&T or another third party proves that our technology infringes its patents, we may be required to pay substantial damages for past infringement and may be required to pay license fees or royalties on future sales of our products. If we are required to pay license fees in the amounts that are currently published by, for example, DVD 6C, for past sales to our large PC OEM customers, because such PC OEMs were not themselves licensed, such fees would exceed the revenue we have received from those PC OEM customers. In addition, if it were proven that we willfully infringed on a third party’s proprietary rights, we may be held liable for three times the amount of damages we would otherwise have to pay. In addition, intellectual property litigation may require us to stop selling our products, obtain a license from the owner of the infringed intellectual property or redesign our products.

 

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Our license agreements, including the agreements we have entered into with our large PC OEM customers, generally contain warranties of non-infringement and commitments to indemnify our customers against liability arising from infringement of third-party intellectual property rights. Examples of third-party intellectual property rights include the patents held by Nissim, AT&T and by members of MPEG LA, DVD 6C and 4C. These commitments may require us to indemnify or pay damages to our customers for all or a portion of any license fees or other damages, including attorneys’ fees, our customers are required to pay, or agree to pay, these or other third parties. If we are required to pay damages to our customers or indemnify our customers for damages they incur, our business could be harmed. If our customers are required to pay license fees in the amounts that are currently published by some claimants, and we are required to pay damages to our customers or indemnify our customers for such amounts, such payments would exceed our revenue from these customers. Even if a particular claim falls outside of our indemnity or warranty obligations to our customers, our customers may be entitled to additional contractual remedies against us. Furthermore, even if we are not liable to our customers, our customers may attempt to pass on to us the cost of any license fees or damages owed to third parties by reducing the amounts they pay for our products. Notwithstanding that we have signed a license agreement with MPEG LA, we may continue to be liable to some of our customers for amounts that those customers pay or have paid to MPEG LA in settlement of any claims of infringement brought by MPEG LA against those customers.

 

We license technology from Dolby Laboratories for use in our DVD-related products. We pay a royalty to Dolby on a lump-sum and per-unit shipped basis. The technology is comprised of Dolby Pro Logic, Dolby Digital, Dolby Virtual Surround, MLP Lossless, Dolby Digital Audio System, Dolby Headphone System and other related technologies designed to create “theater quality” sound by routing audio signals from a DVD to different speakers in a multi-speaker setup. The Dolby Digital technology is part of the industry standard DVD specification.

 

If any of the licenses for the technologies and software described above terminate and are not renewed on commercially reasonable terms, we could be prevented from shipping products using the MPEG-2, MPEG-4 or other standards and our revenue could decline.

 

Employees

 

We believe we have been successful in recruiting and retaining qualified employees. Our employee distribution by entity/location and department as of December 31, 2005 is as follows:

 

Location


   InterVideo

   Ulead

   Total

United States

   83    10    93

International

   390    320    710
    
  
  

Total employees

   473    330    803

Department


   United States

   International

   Total

Research and Development

   38    467    505

Sales and Marketing

   26    139    165

General & Administration

   29    104    133
    
  
  

Total employees

   93    710    803

 

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ITEM IA: RISK FACTORS

 

We are subject to a number of risks. Some of these risks are endemic to the DVD software industry. The fact that certain risks are endemic to the industry does not lessen the significance of these risks. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we may currently deem immaterial, may become important factors that harm our business. If any of the following risks actually occurs, our business could be harmed. In that case, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you might lose all or part of your investment. You should carefully consider each of the Risk Factors and the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

The rapidly evolving nature of our industry makes it difficult to forecast our future results.

 

The market for our products is characterized by rapid changes in technology. Demand for our products depends on our ability to maintain competitive pricing and to provide new or improved products that keep up with changes in technology. Any evaluation of our business and prospects must be made in light of the risks and difficulties encountered by companies offering products or services in new and rapidly evolving markets. The market for software-based digital video and audio solutions for incorporation in products in the PC and consumer electronics industries is rapidly evolving, and it is difficult to forecast the future growth rate, if any, or size of the market for our products. For example, our future growth will depend on our ability to compete in emerging and rapidly growing markets, such as multimedia home networking, high definition DVD, Blu-ray Disc and multimedia mobile phone markets. We may not accurately forecast customer behavior and recognize or respond to emerging trends, changing preferences or competitive factors facing us, and, therefore, we may fail to make accurate financial forecasts. In addition, our acquisition of a controlling interest in Ulead has made it more difficult to make accurate financial forecasts. Our current and future expense levels are based largely on our investment plans and estimates of future revenue and are, to a large extent, fixed. As a result, we may be unable to adjust our spending in a timely manner to compensate for any unexpected revenue shortfall, which would harm our operating results.

 

We expect our operating results to fluctuate on an annual and quarterly basis, which may result in volatility of our stock price.

 

We expect our operating results to fluctuate on an annual and quarterly basis, which may cause our stock price to be volatile. Important factors, many of which are outside our control, that could cause our operating results to fluctuate include:

 

    fluctuations in demand for, and sales of, our products and the PCs and CE devices with which our products are bundled;

 

    timely and accurate reporting to us by our OEM customers of units shipped, which determines the timing and level of revenue received from these customers;

 

    changes in the timing of orders or the completion of customer contracts with significant OEM customers;

 

    entering into contracts with customers that result in non-recurring revenue;

 

    competitive factors, including introductions of new products, product enhancements and the introduction of new technologies by our competitors and the entry of new competitors into the digital video and audio software markets, which may result in our loss of business;

 

    decisions to acquire other companies, including potential for non-accretive or non-synergetic results from the acquisition of Ulead;

 

    increases in third party license fees, such as the increase in royalties paid to Dolby;

 

    changes in consumer demand for our products due to the marketing of alternative technologies by our OEM customers;

 

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    decline in selling prices of our products to our OEM or other customers;

 

    market acceptance of new products developed by us, such as InterVideo InstantOn;

 

    changes in the relative portion of our revenue represented by our various products and customers including the mix of OEM, retail and web sales;

 

    timing of revenue recognition, including deferrals of revenue;

 

    the mix of international and domestic revenue;

 

    the costs of litigation and intellectual property claims, including the legal costs incurred to protect our intellectual property rights and settlement of claims based upon our violation or alleged violation of others’ intellectual property rights;

 

    economic conditions specific to the PC, consumer electronics and related industries; and

 

    the impact of employee stock-based compensation expenses on our earnings per share.

 

Due to these and other factors, period-to-period comparisons of our operating results may not be meaningful, and you should not rely on our results for any one period as an indication of our future performance. In addition, our future operating results may fall below the expectations of public market analysts or investors. In this event, our stock price could decline significantly.

 

Changes in our product and service offerings could cause us to defer the recognition of revenue, which could harm our operating results and adversely impact our ability to forecast revenue.

 

We have created, and intend to continue to create, new software and software bundles such as WinDVD Creator, InterVideo Home Theater, InterVideo DVD Copy, MediaOne and InterVideo InstantON. Our recent acquisition of a controlling interest in Ulead is expected to accelerate this trend with the addition of their products, including PhotoImpact, VideoStudio, DVD Movie Factory, DVD Workshop and Media Studio Pro. These products contain advanced features and functionality that have required and may continue to require us to provide an increased level of end-user support. In the future, as these new products become more complex, we may also be obligated to provide additional support to our OEM customers to bundle our software with their products. These potential increases in OEM and end-user support obligations could require us to defer both license and PCS revenues to future periods, which could harm our operating results and adversely impact our ability to accurately forecast revenue.

 

We expect our product prices to decline, which could harm our operating results.

 

We expect prices for our products to continue to decline over the next few years. Because of competition from other software providers, competition in the PC industry and diminishing margins experienced by PC OEMs as a result of decreased selling prices and lower unit sales, we have reduced the prices we charge PC OEMs for our WinDVD product, WinDVD Creator and other products. We expect this trend to continue, which will make it more difficult to increase or maintain our revenue and may cause a decline in our gross profits, even if unit sales of any particular product increase. If unit sale increases do not offset anticipated price declines, our revenue will decline. Accordingly, our future success will depend in part on our ability to increase sales of our higher-margin products and to introduce and sell new products and upgrades to our existing products, which could increase our revenue and could improve our profit margins.

 

We may not sustain profitability on a quarterly or annual basis.

 

We did not achieve profitability until our fiscal year ended December 31 2002. As of December 31, 2005, we had retained earnings of $10.1 million. We expect to incur significant operating expenses over the next

 

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several years in connection with the continued development and expansion of our business. These expenses include research and development and marketing expenses relating to products that may not be introduced and will not generate revenue until later periods, if at all. We may also incur significant operating expenses associated with the enforcement of our intellectual property rights. Further, our recent acquisition of Ulead makes it more difficult for us to predict profitability on a quarterly or annual basis. We may not achieve profitability on a quarterly or annual basis in the future.

 

We may not realize the benefits from our recent acquisition due to challenges associated with integrating the operations, technologies, sales and other aspects of the our business with the Ulead business.

 

On April 20, 2005, we acquired, directly and though one of our wholly owned subsidiaries, 33,284,395 shares of Ulead Systems, Inc. (“Ulead”) a publicly traded Taiwanese company at 30 NT (US$0.95) per share pursuant to our previously-announced tender offer for the issued shares of Ulead and pursuant to stock purchase agreements with certain shareholders of Ulead. Also on April 20, 2005, we acquired an additional 1,000,000 shares of Ulead at a purchase price of 30 NT (US$0.95) per share through the acquisition of a holding company, Strong Ace Limited. The aggregate purchase price for the 34,284,395 shares of Ulead was US $32.6 million and was paid in cash. Together with the shares that we purchased prior to the tender offer, we now own a total of 48,817,395 shares of Ulead, or approximately 63% of the issued shares of Ulead.

 

This has been our most significant corporate acquisition to date. Our future success will depend, in large part, on management’s success in integrating the operations, technologies and personnel of our business with the Ulead business. If we fail to integrate the operations of Ulead into our business successfully or otherwise fail to realize any of the anticipated benefits of the acquisition, our results of operations could be impaired.

 

In addition, the overall integration of the two companies may result in unanticipated operational problems, expenses and liabilities, and diversion of management’s attention. For example, we were unable to obtain audited financial statements for the Ulead business in a timely manner resulting in delays in the timing of certain of our public filings. If we are unable to anticipate and address future challenges related to the integration of the Ulead business into our business, our results of operations could be negatively impacted by such challenges.

 

If Microsoft develops or licenses digital video and audio solutions that compete directly with ours, our business could suffer.

 

Microsoft currently offers products in the digital video and audio software markets. Some video and audio capabilities are built directly into their operating systems or are offered as upgrades to those operating systems at no additional charge. During the second quarter of 2005, we granted to Microsoft, Inc. a worldwide right and license to use, copy, create derivative works of, publicly perform or display, import, broadcast, transmit, offer to sell, sell, have sold, rent, lease, lend, transfer or otherwise distribute certain key components of our DVD, audio and video decoding technology. If Microsoft develops or licenses digital video and audio solutions that compete directly with ours and incorporates the solutions into its operating system, or otherwise changes its operating system to render our products incompatible, our revenue could decline significantly and our business could be harmed.

 

We license technology from third parties for use in our WinDVD and other standards-based products, and we might not be able to ship our products in their present forms if we fail to maintain these license arrangements.

 

We license technology for use in our WinDVD, WinDVD Creator and InterVideo Home Theater products and other existing and planned products from third parties under agreements, some of which have a limited duration. For example, we have a license agreement with Dolby Laboratories for its audio technology and logo, a license agreement with the DVD Copy Control Association, Inc. for the content scrambling system designed to prevent the copying of DVDs, licenses with MPEG-LA for its MPEG-2 video technology and MPEG-4 related

 

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technologies, a license from Thomson Licensing S.A. for its MP3 audio technology and various other license agreements relating to patents, know-how and trademarks that are important to various aspects of the development, marketing and sale of our products. We are obligated to pay royalties under each of the Dolby, DVD Copy Control Association, MPEG-LA and Thomson Licensing S.A. agreements, and Dolby, DVD Copy Control Association, MPEG LA and Thomson Licensing may each terminate its license if we breach any material provision of the license or if other events occur, as specified in the license agreement. If we fail to maintain these license arrangements, we might not be able to ship our products in their present forms and our revenue could decline.

 

Because there are a small number of large PC OEMs, we have only a limited number of potential new large OEM customers for our WinDVD product, which will likely cause our revenue to grow at a slower rate than in recent periods.

 

Historically, our revenue growth has been achieved in large part due to sales of our WinDVD product to new, large PC OEM customers. More recently, we have derived an increasing percentage of our revenue from sales of our non-WinDVD products, which include WinDVD Creator, InterVideo Home Theater, InterVideo DVD Copy and InterVideo InstantON product, and from retail sales as a result of the Ulead transaction. Because there are only a limited number of potential new, large PC OEM customers for our products, we must derive any future revenue growth principally from increased sales of WinDVD or other products to existing PC OEMs and PC peripherals manufacturers and from sales to smaller regional PC OEMs and directly to consumers through retail channels and our websites. Because some of these other revenue opportunities are more fragmented than the PC OEM market and will take more time and effort to penetrate, our revenue may grow at a slower rate than historically. Additionally, if the rate of such expansion via retail channels and our website proceeds slower than we anticipate, our financial position could be adversely affected.

 

We depend substantially on our relationships with HP and a small number of PC OEMs, and our failure to maintain or expand these relationships would reduce our revenue and gross profit or otherwise harm our business.

 

The PC industry is highly concentrated, and we have derived a substantial portion of our revenue from sales of our products to HP and a small number of PC OEMs. For the year ended December 31, 2005, our two largest OEM customers accounted for 35% of our revenue, with HP accounting for 25% and Toshiba accounting for 10% of our revenue during that period. However, our revenue from HP has declined beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005 and into 2006 because we have been informed by HP that they will not incorporate certain of our products into certain future HP notebook models. A significant decrease in revenue from HP, or the loss of any of our large customers without an offsetting increase in sales from other customers, would reduce our revenue and gross profit and otherwise harm our business.

 

We expect that a small number of customers will continue to account for a majority of our revenue, gross profit and accounts receivables for the foreseeable future because of the concentrated nature of our client base. If the PC industr