10-K/A 1 d10ka.htm HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES Highwoods Properties
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-K

AMENDMENT NO. 1

 

x Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2003

 

OR

 

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

 

Commission file number 1-13100

 

HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Maryland   56-1871668

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation or organization)

  (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

3100 Smoketree Court, Suite 600

Raleigh, N.C. 27604

(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

 

919-872-4924

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of Each Class


  

Name of Each Exchange on

Which Registered


Common stock, $.01 par value    New York Stock Exchange
8 5/8% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares    New York Stock Exchange
8% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares    New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares Each Representing a 1/10 Fractional Interest in an 8% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Share    New York Stock Exchange

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

 

NONE

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x    No ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment of this Form 10-K. ¨

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act). Yes x    No ¨

 

The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, held by non-affiliates (based upon the closing sale price on the New York Stock Exchange) on June 30, 2004 was approximately $1,262,333,990. As of October 22, 2004, there were 53,713,181 shares of common stock outstanding.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the Registrant’s Proxy Statement in connection with its Annual Meeting of Stockholders held May 18, 2004, are incorporated by reference in Part II, Item 5 and Part III, Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of the Form 10-K.

 



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EXPLANATORY NOTE

 

The Company is filing this amended Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003 to restate its previously reported financial results for fiscal years 2001 through 2003. These restatements are primarily due to adjustments relating to the accounting for a limited number of the Company’s prior real estate sales transactions with continuing involvement occurring between 1999 and 2003, reclassifications related to discontinued operations, accounting for minority interest, accounting for a debt retirement transaction and other items. For more details, see Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein.

 

Management of the Company is ultimately responsible for preparing and presenting the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP. As part of these processes, we consulted with Ernst & Young LLP in their capacity as our independent auditors regarding the application of GAAP. In particular, we consulted with Ernst & Young LLP regarding certain of the real estate sales transactions with continuing involvement, accounting for the MOPPRS debt extinguishment in 2003, accounting for minority interest in the Operating Partnership, and accounting for the compensation costs to be recognized in 2004 in connection with the retirement if the Company’s former CEO.

 

Real Estate Sales Transactions. As part of its previously disclosed capital recycling program, the Company has completed a significant number of real estate sales transactions during the last five years. Certain transactions involved sales where the Company retained a partial ownership interest or had continuing involvement with the properties. The forms of continuing involvement included guarantees of a return on investment, guarantees of rental income from specific tenants, seller financing, or, in one instance, a 97.0% fair-market-value put option granted to the buyer.

 

In the Company’s historical financial statements, these transactions were accounted for as sales, and a portion or all of the resultant gains from these transactions were deferred because of the continuing involvement. The nature of all material continuing involvement was disclosed in the Company’s quarterly and annual regulatory and financial filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Company’s annual reports.

 

Adjustments have been made with respect to the accounting treatment for certain of those transactions where the Company had some form of continuing involvement to comply with the guidance of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 66, “Accounting for Sales of Real Estate.” For three of the transactions, the largest of which is the sale in late 2000 of properties into the previously disclosed MG-HIW, LLC joint venture, the Company has adjusted its Consolidated Financial Statements to account for these three transactions as financing and/or profit-sharing arrangements rather than as sales. Accordingly, the assets, related liabilities and operations are now included in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. In the other instances, the transactions have continued to be reported as sales, but the timing and amount of gain recognition changed due to the Company’s continuing involvement. This is also in accordance with SFAS No. 66.

 

Discontinued Operations. Certain properties were sold to joint ventures where the Company retained a minority interest. In addition, in other sales transactions the Company was retained by the buyer to perform management and leasing services. Since January 1, 2002, the Company applied discontinued operations presentation under SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” for the operations of those sold properties for the periods prior to the date of sale. Due to the partial interest retained through joint ventures and the continuing management fee income earned from such sold properties, the properties do not require discontinued operations presentation under SFAS No. 144. Accordingly, the Company has adjusted its Consolidated Statements of Income for 2001 through 2003 to classify such items as continuing operations; these reclassifications do not impact net income.

 

Minority Interest. In its Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company previously computed minority interest in the net income of its majority owned subsidiary, Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), for each reporting period by applying the weighted average ownership percentage of the minority common unitholders times the Operating Partnership’s net income available to common unitholders (continuing operations and discontinued operations) for the period before deducting distributions to preferred unitholders. In the restated Consolidated Financial Statements, minority interest has been adjusted by applying the weighted average ownership percentage of the minority common unitholders times the Operating Partnership’s net income (continuing operations and discontinued operations) for the period after deducting distributions to preferred unitholders.

 

Accounting for MOPPRS Debt Retirement. This transaction, which occurred in early February 2003, is described in detail in Note 5. The Company had previously accounted for the transaction as an exchange of indebtedness under EITF 96-19, “Debtor’s Accounting for a Modification or Exchange of Debt Instruments” and recorded $14.7 million in deferred financing costs, representing the excess of amounts paid to retire the MOPPRS and the related remarketing option over the MOPPRS’ net carrying value and related deferred credits. The Company has now determined that this transaction should have been accounted for as a debt extinguishment under EITF 96-19. Accordingly, the $14.7 million has been charged to loss on debt extinguishment in the first quarter of 2003 rather than as deferred financing costs as previously recorded. In addition, the amortization expense related to the

 

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previous net deferred financing costs, which aggregated approximately $250,000 in the first quarter of 2003 and approximately $370,000 per quarter thereafter, have been reversed in the restated Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Other Matters. In addition to the above, the Company has identified several other matters that have been adjusted, as described in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Impact on Financial Statements. The impact of these restatements on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and Statements of Income for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003 is shown in tables in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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HIGHWOODS PROPERTIES, INC.

 

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Item No.

        Page No.

     PART I     
   1.    Business    5
   2.    Properties    13
   3.    Legal Proceedings    18
   4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    18
   X.    Executive Officers of the Registrant    19
     PART II     
   5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Stock and Related Stockholder Matters    21
   6.    Selected Financial Data    22
   7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    23
7A.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    52
   8.    Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    53
   9.    Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    53
9A.    Controls and Procedures    53
     PART III     
  10.    Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant    56
  11.    Executive Compensation    56
  12.    Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    57
  13.    Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    57
  14.    Principal Accountant Fees and Services    57
     PART IV     
  15.    Exhibits and Reports on Form 8-K    58

 

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PART I

 

We refer to (1) Highwoods Properties, Inc. as the “Company,” (2) Highwoods Realty Limited Partnership as the “Operating Partnership,” (3) the Company’s common stock as “Common Stock,” (4) the Company’s preferred stock as “Preferred Stock,” (5) the Operating Partnership’s common partnership interests as “Common Units,” (6) the Operating Partnership’s preferred partnership interests as “Preferred Units” and (7) in-service properties (excluding apartment units) to which the Company has title and 100.0% ownership rights as the “Wholly Owned Properties.”

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

 

General

 

The Company is a self-administered and self-managed equity REIT that began operations through a predecessor in 1978. Since the Company’s initial public offering in 1994, we have evolved into one of the largest owners and operators of suburban office, industrial and retail properties in the southeastern and midwestern United States. At December 31, 2003, we:

 

  wholly owned 465 in-service office, industrial and retail properties, encompassing approximately 34.9 million rentable square feet, and 213 apartment units;

 

  owned an interest (50.0% or less) in 65 in-service office and industrial properties, encompassing approximately 6.8 million rentable square feet and 418 apartment units. Six of the in-service properties are consolidated at December 31, 2003 as a result of our continuing involvement with these properties in accordance with SFAS No. 66. See Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further description of the Company’s accounting policy for investments in joint ventures;

 

  wholly owned 1,305 acres of undeveloped land that is suitable to develop approximately 14.3 million rentable square feet of office, industrial and retail space; and

 

  were developing an additional seven properties, which will encompass approximately 959,000 rentable square feet (including three properties encompassing 357,000 rentable square feet that we are developing with a 50.0% joint venture partner).

 

The Company conducts substantially all of its activities through, and substantially all of its interests in the properties are held directly or indirectly by the Operating Partnership. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2003, the Company owned 100.0% of the Preferred Units and 89.5% of the Common Units in the Operating Partnership. Limited partners (including certain officers and directors of the Company) own the remaining Common Units. Holders of Common Units may redeem them for the cash value of one share of the Company’s Common Stock or, at the Company’s option, one share of Common Stock. The Company’s weighted average ownership of Common Units during the year ended December 31, 2003 was 88.9%. The Preferred Units in the Operating Partnership were issued to the Company in connection with the Company’s three Preferred Stock offerings that occurred in 1997 and 1998.

 

The Company was incorporated in Maryland in 1994. The Operating Partnership was formed in North Carolina in 1994. Our executive offices are located at 3100 Smoketree Court, Suite 600, Raleigh, North Carolina 27604 and our telephone number is (919) 872-4924. We maintain offices in each of our primary markets.

 

The business of the Company is the acquisition, development and operation of rental real estate properties. The Company operates office, industrial and retail properties and apartment units. There are no material inter-segment transactions. See Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of the rental income, net operating income and assets for each reportable segment.

 

In addition to this amended Annual Report, we file quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. All documents that we file with the SEC are made available as soon as reasonably practicable free of charge on our corporate website, which is http://www.highwoods.com. The information on this website is not and should not be considered part of this amended Annual Report on Form 10-K and is not incorporated by reference in this document. This website is only intended to be an inactive textual reference. You may also read and copy any document that we file at the public reference facilities of the SEC at 450 Fifth Street,

 

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N.W., Washington, D.C. 25049. Please call the SEC at (800) 732-0330 for further information about the public reference facilities. These documents also may be accessed through the SEC’s electronic data gathering, analysis and retrieval system (“EDGAR”) via electronic means, including the SEC’s home page on the Internet (http://www.sec.gov). In addition, since some of our securities are listed on the New York Stock Exchange, you can read our SEC filings at the offices of the New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.

 

Customers

 

The following table sets forth information concerning the 20 largest customers of our Wholly Owned Properties as of December 31, 2003:

 

Customer


   Rental
Square Feet


   Annualized
Rental Revenue (1)


   Percent of Total
Annualized
Rental Revenue (1)


    Average
Remaining Lease
Term in Years


          (in thousands)           

Federal Government

   639,883    $ 13,971    3.34 %   6.6

AT&T

   612,092      11,493    2.74     3.6

PricewaterhouseCoopers

   297,795      6,957    1.66     6.3

State of Georgia

   359,565      6,858    1.64     5.4

Sara Lee

   1,198,534      4,697    1.12     3.6

IBM

   194,934      4,097    0.98     1.9

Northern Telecom

   246,000      3,651    0.87     4.2

Volvo

   267,717      3,431    0.82     5.5

Lockton Companies

   132,718      3,294    0.79     11.2

US Airways (2)

   295,046      3,217    0.77     4.0

BB&T

   241,075      3,186    0.76     7.2

ITC Deltacom (3)

   147,379      2,947    0.70     1.4

Hartford Insurance

   129,641      2,861    0.68     2.2

T-Mobile USA

   120,561      2,801    0.67     2.5

WorldCom and Affiliates

   144,623      2,787    0.67     2.5

Bank of America

   146,842      2,705    0.65     5.3

Ikon

   181,361      2,531    0.60     3.9

Carlton Fields

   95,771      2,435    0.58     0.5

Ford Motor Company

   125,989      2,426    0.58     6.1

CHS Professional Services

   145,781      2,380    0.57     3.3
    
  

  

 

Total

   5,723,307    $ 88,725    21.19 %   4.7
    
  

  

 

(1) Annualized Rental Revenue is December 2003 rental revenue (base rent plus operating expense pass-throughs) multiplied by 12.

 

(2) In August 2002, US Airways filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11 of the US Bankruptcy Code. US Airways emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in March 2003. On September 12, 2004, US Airways again filed voluntary petitions for reorganization under Chapter 11. No action has been taken to date with respect to the Company’s leases with US Airways.

 

(3) ITC Deltacom (formerly Business Telecom) leases space in a property that, as of December 31, 2003, is under contract for sale. Although no assurances can be made, the sale is expected to close in late 2004 or early 2005.

 

Operating Strategy

 

Efficient, Customer Service-Oriented Organization. We provide a complete line of real estate services to our tenants and third parties. We believe that our in-house development, acquisition, construction management, leasing and property management services allow us to respond to the many demands of our existing and potential tenant base. We provide our tenants with cost-effective services such as build-to-suit construction and space modification, including tenant improvements and expansions. In addition, the breadth of our capabilities and resources provides us with market information not generally available. We believe that the operating efficiencies achieved through our fully integrated organization also provide a competitive advantage in setting our lease rates and pricing other services.

 

Capital Recycling Program. Our strategy has been to focus our real estate activities in markets where we believe our extensive local knowledge gives us a competitive advantage over other real estate developers and operators. Through our capital recycling program, we generally seek to:

 

  engage in the development of office and industrial projects in our existing geographic markets, primarily in suburban business parks;

 

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  acquire selective suburban office and industrial properties in our existing geographic markets at prices below replacement cost that offer attractive returns; and

 

  selectively dispose of non-core properties or other properties in order to use the net proceeds for investments or other purposes.

 

Our capital recycling activities benefit from our local market presence and knowledge. Our division officers have significant real estate experience in their respective markets. Based on this experience, we believe that we are in a better position to evaluate capital recycling opportunities than many of our competitors. In addition, our relationships with our tenants and those tenants at properties for which we conduct third-party fee-based services may lead to development projects when these tenants seek new space.

 

The following summarizes the change in our Wholly Owned Properties during the three years ended December 31, 2003:

 

     2003

    2002

    2001

 

Office, Industrial and Retail Properties:

                  

(rentable square feet in thousands)

                  

Dispositions (includes 225 in 2002 related to the Eastshore transaction)

   (3,298 )   (2,270 )   (268 )

Contributions to Joint Ventures (includes 205 to SF-HIW Harborview, LLP in 2002)

   (291 )   (205 )   (118 )

Developments Placed In-Service

   191     2,214     1,351  

Redevelopment

   (221 )   (52 )   —    

Acquisitions (including 1,319 and 205 from MG-HIW, LLC in 2003 and 2002)

   1,429     205     72  
    

 

 

Net Change of In-Service Wholly Owned Properties

   (2,190 )   (108 )   1,037  
    

 

 

Apartment Properties:

                  

(in units)

                  

Dispositions

   —       —       (1,672 )
    

 

 

 

Flexible Capital Structure. We are committed to maintaining a flexible capital structure that: (1) allows growth through development and acquisition opportunities; (2) promotes future earnings growth; and (3) provides access to the private and public equity and debt markets on favorable terms. Accordingly, we expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements through a combination of any one or more of:

 

  cash flow from operating activities;

 

  borrowings under our unsecured and secured revolving credit facilities;

 

  the issuance of unsecured debt;

 

  the issuance of secured debt;

 

  the issuance of equity securities by both the Company and the Operating Partnership;

 

  the selective disposition of non-core properties or other properties; and

 

  private equity capital raised from unrelated joint venture partners that may involve the sale or contribution of our Wholly Owned Properties, development projects and development land to joint ventures formed with unrelated investors.

 

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Geographic Diversification. Since the Company’s initial public offering in 1994, we have significantly reduced our dependence on any particular market. We initially owned a limited number of office properties located in North Carolina, most of which were in the Research Triangle. Today, including our various joint ventures, our portfolio consists primarily of office properties throughout the Southeast and retail and office properties in Kansas City, Missouri, including one significant mixed retail and office property.

 

Competition

 

Our properties compete for tenants with similar properties located in our markets primarily on the basis of location, rent, services provided and the design and condition of the facilities. We also compete with other REITs, financial institutions, pension funds, partnerships, individual investors and others when attempting to acquire, develop and operate properties.

 

Employees

 

As of December 31, 2003, the Company employed 554 persons.

 

Risk Factors

 

An investment in our equity and debt securities involves various risks. All investors should carefully consider the following risk factors in conjunction with the other information contained in this amended Annual Report before trading in our securities. If any of these risks actually occur, our business, operating results, prospects and financial condition could be harmed.

 

Our Performance is Subject to Risks Associated with Real Estate Investment. We are a real estate company that derives most of our income from the ownership and operation of our properties. There are a number of factors that may adversely affect the income that our properties generate, including the following:

 

  Economic Downturns. Downturns in the national economy, particularly in the Southeast, generally will negatively impact the demand for our properties.

 

  Oversupply of Space. An oversupply of space in our markets would typically cause rental rates and occupancies to decline, making it more difficult for us to lease space at attractive rental rates.

 

  Competitive Properties. If our properties are not as attractive to tenants (in terms of rents, services or location) as other properties that are competitive with ours, we could lose tenants to those properties or suffer lower rental rates.

 

  Renovation Costs. In order to maintain the quality of our properties and successfully compete against other properties, we periodically have to spend money to maintain, repair and renovate our properties.

 

  Customer Risk. Our performance depends on our ability to collect rent from our customers. While no customer in our wholly owned portfolio accounted for more than 3.4% of the annualized rental revenue of these respective properties at December 31, 2003, our financial position may be adversely affected by financial difficulties experienced by a major customer, or by a number of smaller customers, including bankruptcies, insolvencies or general downturns in business.

 

  Reletting Costs. As leases expire, we try to either relet the space to an existing customer or attract a new customer to occupy the space. In either case, we likely will incur significant costs in the process, including potentially substantial tenant improvement expense. In addition, if market rents have declined since the time the expiring lease was executed, the terms of any new lease signed likely will not be as favorable to us as the terms of the expiring lease, thereby reducing the income earned from that space.

 

  Regulatory Costs. There are a number of government regulations, including zoning, tax and accessibility laws that apply to the ownership and operation of office buildings. Compliance with existing and newly adopted regulations may require us to spend a significant amount of money on our properties.

 

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  Fixed Nature of Costs. Most of the costs associated with owning and operating our properties are not necessarily reduced when circumstances such as market factors and competition cause a reduction in rental revenues from the property.

 

  Environmental Problems. Federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment may require a current or previous owner or operator of real property to investigate and clean up hazardous or toxic substances or petroleum product releases at the property. The clean up can be costly. The presence of or failure to clean up contamination may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease a property or to borrow funds using a property as collateral.

 

  Competition. A number of other major real estate investors with significant capital compete with us. These competitors include publicly-traded REITs, private REITs, private real estate investors and private institutional investment funds.

 

Future acquisitions and development properties may fail to perform in accordance with our expectations and may require development and renovation costs exceeding our estimates. In the normal course of business, we typically evaluate potential acquisitions, enter into non-binding letters of intent, and may, at any time, enter into contracts to acquire additional properties. However, changing market conditions, including competition from others, may diminish our opportunities for making attractive acquisitions. Once made, our investments may fail to perform in accordance with our expectations. In addition, the renovation and improvement costs we incur in bringing an acquired property up to market standards may exceed our estimates. Although we anticipate financing future acquisitions and renovations through a combination of advances under our revolving loan (see Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements) and other forms of secured or unsecured financing, no assurance can be given that we will have the financial resources to make suitable acquisitions or renovations.

 

In addition to acquisitions, we periodically consider developing and constructing properties. Risks associated with development and construction activities include:

 

  the unavailability of favorable financing;

 

  construction costs exceeding original estimates;

 

  construction and lease-up delays resulting in increased debt service expense and construction costs; and

 

  insufficient occupancy rates and rents at a newly completed property causing a property to be unprofitable.

 

If new developments are financed through construction loans, there is a risk that, upon completion of construction, permanent financing for newly developed properties will not be available or will be available only on disadvantageous terms. Development activities are also subject to risks relating to our inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, all necessary zoning, land-use, building, occupancy and other required governmental and utility company authorizations.

 

Because holders of our Common Units, including some of our officers and directors, may suffer adverse tax consequences upon the sale of some of our properties, it is possible that the Company may sometimes make decisions that are not in your best interest. Holders of Common Units may suffer adverse tax consequences upon the Company’s sale of certain properties. Therefore, holders of Common Units, including certain of our officers and directors, may have different objectives than our stockholders regarding the appropriate pricing and timing of a property’s sale. Although we are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and have the exclusive authority to sell all of our individual Wholly Owned Properties, officers and directors who hold Common Units may influence us not to sell certain properties even if such sale might be financially advantageous to stockholders or influence us to enter into tax deferred exchanges with the proceeds of such sales when such a reinvestment might not otherwise be in the best interests of the Company.

 

The success of our joint venture activity depends upon our ability to work effectively with financially sound partners. Instead of owning properties directly, we have in some cases invested, and may continue to invest, as a partner or a co-venturer. Under certain circumstances, this type of investment may involve risks not otherwise

 

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present, including the possibility that a partner or co-venturer might become bankrupt or that a partner or co-venturer might have business interests or goals inconsistent with ours. Also, such a partner or co-venturer may take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to provisions in our joint venture agreements that could harm us, including jeopardizing our qualification as a REIT.

 

Our insurance coverage on our properties may be inadequate. We carry comprehensive insurance on all of our properties, including insurance for liability, fire and flood. Insurance companies currently, however, limit coverage against certain types of losses, such as losses due to terrorist acts, named windstorms and toxic mold. Thus we may not have insurance coverage, or sufficient insurance coverage, against certain types of losses and/or there may be decreases in the limits of insurance available. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of our insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a property or properties, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the property or properties. If any of our properties were to experience a catastrophic loss, it could disrupt our operations, delay revenue and result in large expenses to repair or rebuild the property. Such events could adversely affect our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders. Our existing insurance policies were renewed in June 2004 and expire on June 30, 2005. We anticipate renewing or replacing these policies at that time.

 

Our use of debt to finance our operations could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and ability to make distributions. We are subject to risks normally associated with debt financing, such as the insufficiency of cash flow to meet required payment obligations, difficulty in complying with financial ratios and other covenants and the inability to refinance existing indebtedness. Approximately $214.8 million of principal payments on our existing long-term debt is due in 2004 and 2005 which excludes $100.0 million related to the Put Option Notes, which were extinguished in June, 2004. If we fail to comply with the financial ratios and other covenants, including our Revolving Loan, we would likely not be able to borrow any further amounts under the Revolving Loan, which could adversely affect our ability to fund our operations, and our lenders could accelerate outstanding debt. If our debt cannot be paid, refinanced or extended at maturity, in addition to our failure to repay our debt, we may not be able to pay dividends to stockholders at expected levels or at all. Furthermore, if any refinancing is done at higher interest rates, the increased interest expense could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to pay dividends to stockholders. Any such refinancing could also impose tighter financial ratios and other covenants that could restrict our ability to take actions that could otherwise be in our stockholders’ best interest, such as funding new development activity, making opportunistic acquisitions, repurchasing our securities or paying distributions. If we do not meet our mortgage financing obligations, any properties securing such indebtedness could be foreclosed on, which would have a material adverse effect on our cash flow and ability to make distributions.

 

We may be subject to taxation as a regular corporation if we fail to maintain our REIT status. Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have serious adverse consequences to our stockholders. Many of the requirements for taxation as a REIT, however, are highly technical and complex. The determination that we are a REIT requires an analysis of various factual matters and circumstances that may not be totally within our control. For example, to qualify as a REIT, at least 95.0% of our gross income must come from certain sources that are itemized in the REIT tax laws. We are also required to distribute to stockholders at least 90.0% of our REIT taxable income, excluding capital gains. The fact that we hold our assets through the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries further complicates the application of the REIT requirements. Even a technical or inadvertent mistake could jeopardize our REIT status. Furthermore, Congress and the IRS might change the tax laws and regulations and the courts might issue new rulings that make it more difficult, or impossible, for us to remain qualified as a REIT.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Also, unless the IRS granted us relief under certain statutory provisions, we would remain disqualified as a REIT for four years following the year we first failed to qualify. If we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would have to pay significant income taxes and would, therefore, have less cash available for investments or to pay dividends to stockholders. This would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our securities. In addition, we would no longer be required to pay dividends to stockholders.

 

Because provisions contained in Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws may have an anti-takeover effect, investors may be prevented from receiving a “control premium” for their shares. Provisions contained in our charter and bylaws as well as Maryland general corporation law may have anti-takeover effects that delay, defer or prevent a takeover attempt, and thereby prevent stockholders from receiving a “control premium” for their shares. For example, these provisions may defer or prevent tender offers for our Common Stock or purchases of large blocks of our Common Stock, thus limiting the opportunities for our stockholders to receive a premium for their Common Stock over then-prevailing market prices. These provisions include the following:

 

  Ownership limit. Our charter prohibits direct or constructive ownership by any person of more than 9.8% of our outstanding capital stock. Any attempt to own or transfer shares of our capital stock in excess of the ownership limit without the consent of our Board of Directors will be void.

 

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  Preferred stock. Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors to issue Preferred Stock in one or more classes and to establish the preferences and rights of any class of Preferred Stock issued. These actions can be taken without soliciting stockholder approval. The issuance of Preferred Stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from taking control of us, even if a change in control were in our stockholders’ best interest.

 

  Staggered board. Our Board of Directors is divided into three classes. As a result each director generally serves for a three-year term. This staggering of our Board may discourage offers for us or make an acquisition of us more difficult, even when an acquisition is in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

  Maryland control share acquisition statute. Maryland law limits the voting rights of “control shares” of a corporation in the event of a “control share acquisition.”

 

  Maryland unsolicited takeover statute. Under Maryland law, our Board of Directors could adopt various anti-takeover provisions without the consent of stockholders. The adoption of such measures could discourage offers for us or make an acquisition of us more difficult, even when an acquisition is in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

  Anti-Takeover protections of Operating Partnership agreement. Upon a change in control of the Company, the limited partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership contains provisions that require certain acquirors to maintain an UPREIT structure with terms at least as favorable to the limited partners as are currently in place. For instance, the acquiror would be required to preserve the limited partner’s right to continue to hold tax-deferred partnership interests that are redeemable for capital stock of the acquiror. These provisions may make a change of control transaction involving the Company more complicated and therefore might limit the possibility of such a transaction occurring, even if such a transaction would be in the best interest of the Company’s stockholders.

 

  Dilutive effect of Stockholder rights plan. We currently have in effect a stockholder rights plan pursuant to which our existing stockholders would have the ability to acquire additional Common Stock at a significant discount in the event a person or group attempts to acquire us on terms of which our Board of Directors does not approve. These rights are designed to deter a hostile takeover by increasing the takeover cost. As a result, such rights could discourage offers for us or make an acquisition of us more difficult, even when an acquisition is in the best interest of our stockholders. The rights plan should not interfere with any merger or other business combination the Board of Directors approves since we may generally terminate the plan at any time at nominal cost.

 

SEC communications. As part of the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and other related SEC rulemaking, the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance has undertaken to routinely review the annual reports of public companies every two to three years. We recently received such a letter from the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance providing comments on our 2003 Annual Report on Form 10-K. One of the comments from the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance regarding the accounting treatment of sales transactions with continuing involvement under SFAS No. 66 led us to review substantially all of our sales transactions during the past five years. As a result, we subsequently determined that it was appropriate to restate our historical financial statements by making certain adjustments thereto as more fully described under “Explanatory Note” and in the restated Consolidated Financial Statements included under Item 15 herein. During subsequent communications with the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance, we shared with the Staff our conclusions regarding the appropriate methodology for these transactions and shared with them language designed to enhance our accounting policy disclosures, which we have made in this amended Form 10-K and which we intend to include in future filings.

 

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On August 4, 2004, we announced that we intended to delay the release of our second quarter financial results because we expected to restate our previously reported financial results. Prior to this announcement, the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance notified us that we had satisfactorily responded to its comments.

 

Subsequent to our August 4, 2004 announcement, we received a non-public, informal inquiry letter from the SEC’s Division of Enforcement asking us for our voluntary assistance in providing them with documentation regarding our review of real estate transactions undertaken as a result of the initial letter from the SEC’s Division of Corporation Finance and all documents relating to communications with our independent auditor in connection therewith. Even though we are cooperating fully, we cannot assure you that the SEC’s Division of Enforcement will not take any action that would adversely affect us.

 

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

 

General

 

As of December 31, 2003, we owned 100.0% interests in 465 in-service office, industrial and retail properties, encompassing approximately 34.9 million rentable square feet, and 213 apartment units. The following table sets forth information about our Wholly Owned Properties at December 31, 2003:

 

Market


   Rentable
Square Feet


    Occupancy

    Percentage of Annualized Rental Revenue (1)

 
       Office (2)

    Industrial

    Retail

    Total

 

Research Triangle (3)

   4,706,000     80.8 %   15.7 %   0.2 %   —       15.9 %

Atlanta

   6,919,000     78.4     11.5     3.3     —       14.8  

Tampa

   4,441,000     63.4 (4)   13.0     —       —       13.0  

Kansas City

   2,433,000 (5)   92.7     4.1     —       8.6 %   12.7  

Nashville

   2,869,000     91.5     11.2     —       —       11.2  

Piedmont Triad (6)

   6,688,000     90.0     6.4     4.0     —       10.4  

Richmond

   1,852,000     91.5     7.1     —       —       7.1  

Charlotte

   1,655,000     79.6     4.4     0.3     —       4.7  

Memphis

   1,216,000     81.0     4.6     —       —       4.6  

Greenville

   1,318,000     80.2     3.7     0.1     —       3.8  

Columbia

   426,000     57.9     0.8     —       —       0.8  

Orlando

   299,000     44.9     0.6     —       —       0.6  

Other

   100,000     64.1     0.4     —       —       0.4  
    

 

 

 

 

 

Total

   34,922,000     81.5 %(7)   83.5 %   7.9 %   8.6 %   100.0 %
    

 

 

 

 

 


(1) Annualized Rental Revenue is December 2003 rental revenue (base rent plus operating expense pass-throughs) multiplied by 12.

 

(2) Substantially all of our office properties are located in suburban areas.

 

(3) Includes properties located in the Raleigh/Durham metropolitan area.

 

(4) Tampa’s occupancy would be 77.8% if the 816,000 square foot Highwoods Preserve campus where Intermedia (WorldCom) rejected its lease was excluded.

 

(5) Excludes basement space of 418,000 square feet.

 

(6) Includes properties located in the Greensboro/Winston-Salem metropolitan area.

 

(7) Total occupancy would have been 83.4% if the 816,000 square foot Highwoods Preserve campus where Intermedia (WorldCom) rejected its lease was excluded.

 

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The following table sets forth information about our Wholly Owned Properties and our development properties as of December 31, 2003 and 2002:

 

     December 31, 2003

    December 31, 2002

 
     Rentable
Square Feet


   Percent
Leased/
Pre-Leased


    Rentable
Square Feet


   Percent
Leased/
Pre-Leased


 

In-Service:

                      

Office

   25,303,000    79.2 %   25,342,000    82.3 %(1)

Industrial

   8,092,000    85.7     10,242,000    86.2  

Retail (2)

   1,527,000    96.3     1,528,000    97.0  
    
  

 
  

Total or Weighted Average

   34,922,000    81.5 %   37,112,000    84.0 %(1)
    
  

 
  

Development:

                      

Completed—Not Stabilized (3)

                      

Office

   140,000    36.0 %   231,000    61.3 %

Industrial

   —      —       60,000    50.0  
    
  

 
  

Total or Weighted Average

   140,000    36.0 %   291,000    59.0 %
    
  

 
  

In Process

                      

Office

   112,000    100.0 %   40,000    0.0 %

Industrial

   350,000    100.0     —      —    
    
  

 
  

Total or Weighted Average

   462,000    100.0 %   40,000    0.0 %
    
  

 
  

Total:

                      

Office

   25,555,000          25,613,000       

Industrial

   8,442,000          10,302,000       

Retail (2)

   1,527,000          1,528,000       
    
        
      

Total or Weighted Average

   35,524,000          37,443,000       
    
        
      

(1) The occupancy percentages have been reduced as a result of the rejection of the 816,000 square foot Intermedia (WorldCom) lease on December 31, 2002. The impact of the rejection on office occupancy and total occupancy in 2002 was 3.2% and 2.2%, respectively.

 

(2) Excludes basement space of 418,000 square feet.

 

(3) Not stabilized is defined as less than 95.0% occupied or a year from completion.

 

Development Land

 

We estimate that we can develop approximately 14.3 million square feet of office, industrial and retail space on our development land that was wholly-owned as of December 31, 2003. All of this development land is zoned and available for office, industrial or retail development, substantially all of which has utility infrastructure already in place. We believe that our commercially zoned and unencumbered land in existing business parks gives us a development advantage over other commercial real estate development companies in many of our markets. Any future development, however, is dependent on the demand for office, industrial or retail space in the area, the availability of favorable financing and other factors, and no assurance can be given that any construction will take place on the development land. In addition, if construction is undertaken on the development land, we will be subject to the risks associated with construction activities, including the risks that occupancy rates and rents at a newly completed property may not be sufficient to make the property profitable, construction costs may exceed original estimates and construction and lease-up may not be completed on schedule, resulting in increased debt service expense and construction expense. We may also dispose of certain parcels of development land that do not meet our development criteria and we may develop properties other than office, industrial and retail on certain parcels with unrelated joint venture partners.

 

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Table of Contents

Other Properties

 

As of December 31, 2003, we owned an interest (50.0% or less) in 65 in-service office and industrial properties, of which six are consolidated as a result of our continuing involvement with the properties. The properties encompass approximately 6.8 million rentable square feet and 418 apartment units. The following table sets forth information about these properties at December 31, 2003:

 

    

Rentable

Square Feet


    Occupancy

    Percentage of Annualized Rental Revenue – Our Share Only (1)

 

Market


       Office

    Industrial

    Retail

    Multi-
Family


    Total

 

Des Moines

   2,245,000 (2)   95.3 %(3)   33.5 %   4.2 %   1.2 %   4.3 %   43.2 %

Orlando

   1,764,000     85.6     17.9     —       —       —       17.9  

Atlanta

   650,000     86.7     11.8     —       —       —       11.8  

Research Triangle

   455,000     98.7     4.2     —       —       —       4.2  

Kansas City

   427,000     87.6     4.2     —       —       —       4.2  

Piedmont Triad

   364,000     100.0     4.7     —       —       —       4.7  

Tampa

   205,000     92.1     2.5     —       —       —       2.5  

Charlotte

   148,000     100.0     1.0     —       —       —       1.0  

Richmond

   412,000     99.0     9.9     —       —       —       9.9  

Other

   110,000     100.0     0.6     —       —       —       0.6  
    

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

   6,780,000     92.2 %   90.3 %   4.2 %   1.2 %   4.3 %   100.0 %
    

 

 

 

 

 

 


(1) Annualized Rental Revenue is December 2003 rental revenue (base rent plus operating expense pass-throughs) multiplied by 12.

 

(2) Excludes Des Moines’ apartment units.

 

(3) Excludes Des Moines’ apartment occupancy percentage of 90.0%.

 

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Table of Contents

Lease Expirations

 

The following tables set forth scheduled lease expirations for existing leases at our Wholly Owned Properties (excluding apartment units) as of December 31, 2003. The table includes the effects of any early renewals exercised by tenants as of December 31, 2003.

 

Office Properties:

 

Lease Expiring (1)


   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases


   Percentage of
Leased
Square Footage
Represented by
Expiring Leases


    Annualized
Rental Revenue
Under Expiring
Leases (2)


   Average
Annual
Rental Rate
Per Square
Foot for
Expirations


   Percent of
Annualized
Rental Revenue
Represented by
Expiring
Leases (2)


 
     ($ in thousands)  

2004 (3)

   2,803,876    14.0 %   $ 51,010    $ 18.19    14.6 %

2005

   3,538,106    17.6       63,790      18.03    18.1  

2006

   3,095,699    15.4       56,911      18.38    16.3  

2007

   1,779,659    8.9       29,637      16.65    8.5  

2008

   3,117,531    15.5       48,556      15.58    13.9  

2009

   1,802,308    9.0       28,596      15.87    8.2  

2010

   1,243,677    6.2       24,500      19.70    7.0  

2011

   1,092,047    5.4       20,816      19.06    5.9  

2012

   522,042    2.6       10,738      20.57    3.1  

2013

   548,879    2.7       9,266      16.88    2.6  

Thereafter

   543,880    2.7       6,191      11.38    1.8  
    
  

 

  

  

     20,087,704    100.0 %   $ 350,011    $ 17.42    100.0 %
    
  

 

  

  

 

Industrial Properties:

 

Lease Expiring (1)


   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases


   Percentage of
Leased
Square Footage
Represented by
Expiring Leases


    Annualized
Rental Revenue
Under Expiring
Leases (2)


   Average
Annual
Rental Rate
Per Square
Foot for
Expirations


   Percent of
Annualized
Rental Revenue
Represented by
Expiring
Leases (2)


 
     ($ in thousands)  

2004 (4)

   1,652,551    23.8 %   $ 7,970    $ 4.82    24.2 %

2005

   1,289,760    18.6       5,926      4.59    18.0  

2006

   887,007    12.8       4,447      5.01    13.5  

2007

   1,677,694    24.2       7,283      4.34    22.2  

2008

   384,012    5.5       1,862      4.85    5.7  

2009

   380,349    5.5       2,408      6.33    7.3  

2010

   104,570    1.5       432      4.13    1.3  

2011

   66,342    1.0       356      5.37    1.1  

2012

   44,447    0.6       261      5.87    0.8  

2013

   102,384    1.5       612      5.98    1.9  

Thereafter

   348,394    5.0       1,301      3.73    4.0  
    
  

 

  

  

     6,937,510    100.0 %   $ 32,858    $ 4.74    100.0 %
    
  

 

  

  


(1) Includes effects of any early renewals exercised by tenants on or before December 31, 2003.

 

(2) Annualized Rental Revenue is December 2003 rental revenue (base rent plus operating expense pass-throughs) multiplied by 12.

 

(3) Includes 96,000 square feet of leases that are on a month-to-month basis or 0.4% of total annualized rental revenue.

 

(4) Includes 165,000 square feet of leases that are on a month-to-month basis or 0.2% of total annualized rental revenue.

 

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Retail Properties:

 

Lease Expiring (1)


   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases


   Percentage of
Leased
Square Footage
Represented by
Expiring Leases


    Annualized
Rental Revenue
Under Expiring
Leases (2)


  

Average

Annual
Rental Rate
Per Square
Foot for
Expirations


   Percent of
Annualized
Rental Revenue
Represented by
Expiring
Leases (2)


 
     ($ in thousands)  

2004 (3)

   201,846    13.7 %   $ 2,697    $ 13.36    7.5 %

2005

   152,280    10.4       2,929      19.23    8.2  

2006

   91,821    6.3       2,239      24.38    6.2  

2007

   92,813    6.3       2,390      25.75    6.7  

2008

   144,700    9.9       4,585      31.69    12.8  

2009

   169,809    11.6       4,881      28.74    13.6  

2010

   85,386    5.8       2,343      27.44    6.5  

2011

   57,783    3.9       1,869      32.35    5.2  

2012

   97,132    6.6       2,233      22.99    6.2  

2013

   132,377    9.0       3,355      25.34    9.3  

Thereafter

   242,083    16.5       6,372      26.32    17.8  
    
  

 

  

  

     1,468,030    100.0 %   $ 35,893    $ 24.45    100.0 %
    
  

 

  

  

 

Total:

 

Lease Expiring (1)


   Rentable
Square Feet
Subject to
Expiring
Leases


   Percentage of
Leased
Square Footage
Represented by
Expiring Leases


    Annualized
Rental Revenue
Under Expiring
Leases (2)


  

Average

Annual
Rental Rate
Per Square
Foot for
Expirations


   Percent of
Annualized
Rental Revenue
Represented by
Expiring
Leases (2)


 
     ($ in thousands)  

2004 (4)

   4,658,273    16.3 %   $ 61,677    $ 13.24    14.7 %

2005

   4,980,146    17.4       72,645      14.59    17.3  

2006

   4,074,527    14.3       63,597      15.61    15.2  

2007

   3,550,166    12.5       39,310      11.07    9.4  

2008

   3,646,243    12.8       55,003      15.08    13.1  

2009

   2,352,466    8.3       35,885      15.25    8.6  

2010

   1,433,633    5.0       27,275      19.03    6.5  

2011

   1,216,172    4.3       23,041      18.95    5.5  

2012

   663,621    2.3       13,232      19.94    3.2  

2013

   783,640    2.8       13,233      16.89    3.2  

Thereafter

   1,134,357    4.0       13,864      12.22    3.3  
    
  

 

  

  

     28,493,244    100.0 %   $ 418,762    $ 14.70    100.0 %
    
  

 

  

  


(1) Includes effects of any early renewals exercised by tenants on or before December 31, 2003.

 

(2) Annualized Rental Revenue is December 2003 rental revenue (base rent plus operating expense pass-throughs) multiplied by 12.

 

(3) Includes 34,000 square feet of leases that are on a month-to-month basis or 0.1% of total annualized rental revenue.

 

(4) Includes 295,000 square feet of leases that are on a month-to-month basis or 0.7% of total annualized rental revenue.

 

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Table of Contents

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

We are a party to a variety of legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business. We believe that we are adequately covered by insurance and indemnification agreements. Accordingly, none of these proceedings are expected to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

We accrued $2.7 million in 2002 for litigation expenses related to various legal proceedings from previously completed mergers and acquisitions. These claims were fully settled by early 2003.

 

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

 

None.

 

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ITEM X. EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

 

The following table sets forth information with respect to our executive officers:

 

Name


  

Age


  

Position and Background


Edward J. Fritsch

   45    Director, President and Chief Executive Officer.
          Mr. Fritsch joined us in 1982. He was a partner of our predecessor. Mr. Fritsch served as our chief operating officer from January 1998 until December 2003 when he became president and chief operating officer. He became chief executive officer in July 2004.

Michael E. Harris

   54    Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer.
          Mr. Harris became chief operating officer in July 2004. Prior to that, Mr. Harris was a senior vice president and responsible for our operations in Tennessee, Missouri, Kansas and Charlotte. Mr. Harris was executive vice president of Crocker Realty Trust prior to its merger with us in 1996. Before joining Crocker Realty Trust, Mr. Harris served as senior vice president, general counsel and chief financial officer of Towermarc Corporation, a privately owned real estate development firm. Mr. Harris is a member of the Advisory Board of Directors at SouthTrust Bank of Memphis, and Allen & Hoshall, Inc.

Gene H. Anderson

   59    Director and Senior Vice President.
          Mr. Anderson manages the operations of our Georgia properties and the Piedmont Triad division of North Carolina. Mr. Anderson was the founder and president of Anderson Properties, Inc. prior to its merger with the Company in 1997.

Michael F. Beale

   51    Senior Vice President.
          Mr. Beale is responsible for our operations in Florida. Prior to joining us in 2000, Mr. Beale was vice president of Koger Equity, Inc.

Robert Cutlip

   54    Senior Vice President and Regional Manager.
          Prior to joining us in September 2003, Mr. Cutlip was vice president of real estate for Progress Energy, a public company, where he was responsible for the development and facilities management in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Florida. Before joining Progress Energy, Mr. Cutlip was executive vice president for the Carolinas and Tennessee Region of Duke-Weeks Realty, a Real Estate Investment Trust. Mr. Cutlip is chairman-elect of the National Association of Industrial and Office Properties, an industry association for commercial real estate with over 11,000 members nationwide.

Carman J. Liuzzo

   43    Vice President of Investments and Strategic Analysis.
          Mr. Liuzzo served as our vice president, chief financial officer and treasurer from 1994 until November 2003. Prior to joining us, Mr. Liuzzo was vice president and chief accounting officer for Boddie-Noell Enterprises, Inc. and Boddie-Noell Restaurant Properties, Inc.

Mack D. Pridgen III

   55    Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary.
          Prior to joining us in 1997, Mr. Pridgen was a partner with Smith Helms Mullis & Moore, L.L.P. and prior to that a partner with Arthur Andersen & Co. Mr. Pridgen is an attorney and a certified public accountant.

W. Brian Reames

   41    Senior Vice President and Regional Manager.
          Mr. Reames became senior vice president and regional manager in August 2004 and has responsibility for our operations in Nashville, Memphis, Charlotte, Greenville and Columbia. Prior to that, Mr. Reames was vice president responsible for the Nashville division, a position held since 1996. Mr. Reames was a partner and owner at Eakin & Smith, Inc., a Nashville based office real estate development, leasing and management firm from 1989 until the merger with Highwoods Properties in April 1996.

 

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Table of Contents

Terry L. Stevens

   56    Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
          Prior to joining us in December 2003, Mr. Stevens was executive vice president, chief financial officer and trustee for Crown American Realty Trust, a public company. Before joining Crown American Realty Trust, Mr. Stevens was director of financial systems development at AlliedSignal, Inc., a large multi-national manufacturer. Mr. Stevens was also an audit partner with Price Waterhouse. Mr. Stevens currently serves as trustee, chairman of the Audit Committee and member of the Compensation Committee of First Potomac Realty Trust, a public company.

 

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Table of Contents

 

PART II

 

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

 

The Common Stock has been traded on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the symbol “HIW” since the Company’s initial public offering. The following table sets forth the quarterly high and low stock prices per share reported on the NYSE for the quarters indicated and the dividends paid per share during such quarter.

 

     2003

   2002

Quarter Ended


   High

   Low

   Dividend

   High

   Low

   Dividend

March 31

   $ 22.38    $ 20.00    $ .585    $ 28.30    $ 25.39    $ .585

June 30

     22.77      20.17      .425      29.36      26.00      .585

September 30

     23.97      22.31      .425      26.65      23.00      .585

December 31

     26.02      24.32      .425      23.30      18.70      .585

 

On October 22, 2004, the last reported stock price of the Common Stock on the NYSE was $25.11 per share and the Company had 1,417 stockholders of record.

 

The Company intends to continue to pay quarterly dividends to holders of shares of Common Stock and holders of Common Units. Future dividend payments by the Company will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and will depend on the actual funds from operations of the Company, its financial condition, capital requirements, the annual dividend requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Liquidity and Capital Resources –Stockholder Dividends.”

 

During 2003, the Company’s Common Stock dividends totaled $1.86 per share, $1.18 of which represented return of capital for income tax purposes. The minimum dividend per share of Common Stock required for the Company to maintain its REIT status (excluding any net capital gains) was approximately $0.07 per share in 2003 and $0.90 per share in 2002.

 

The Company has a Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan under which holders of Common Stock may elect to automatically reinvest their dividends in additional shares of Common Stock and may make optional cash payments for additional shares of Common Stock. The Company may issue additional shares of Common Stock or repurchase Common Stock in the open market for purposes of satisfying its obligations under the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan.

 

The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan for all active employees. At the end of each three-month offering period, each participant’s account balance is applied to acquire shares of Common Stock at a cost that is calculated at 85.0% of the lower of the average closing price on the NYSE on the five consecutive days preceding the first day of the quarter or the five days preceding the last day of the quarter. Participants may contribute up to 25.0% of their pay. During 2003, employees purchased 50,812 shares of Common Stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan.

 

The section under the heading entitled “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the Proxy Statement is incorporated herein by reference, except as noted in Item 11.

 

During the three months ended December 31, 2003, the Company issued 257,508 shares of Common Stock to holders of Common Units in the Operating Partnership upon the redemption of such Common Units in private offerings pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. Each of the holders of the redeemed Common Units was an accredited investor under Rule 501 of the Securities Act. The Company has registered the resale of such shares under the Securities Act.

 

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following selected financial data as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and for the three years ended December 31, 2003 is derived from the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein. The selected financial data as of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 and for the two years ended December 31, 2000 is derived from previously issued financial statements adjusted for revisions related to the restatements discussed below.

 

The Company has restated its results for the five-year period from 1999 through 2003. These restatements resulted from adjustments related to the accounting for a limited number of its prior real estate sales transactions occurring between 1999 and 2003, reclassifications for discontinued operations, accounting for minority interest, accounting for a debt retirement, and other items. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the restatement adjustments. The information in the following table should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included herein:

 

     Year Ended December 31,

 
     2003(1)

    2002(1)

    2001(1)

    2000(1)

    1999(1)

 

Rental and other revenues

   $ 504,699     $ 521,725     $ 535,375     $ 526,143     $ 557,379  

Operating expenses:

                                        

Rental property and other expenses

     178,412       169,563       169,056       157,881       171,388  

Depreciation and amortization

     142,103       140,790       127,627       114,374       107,501  

Impairment of assets held for use

     —         9,919       —         —         —    

General and administrative

     25,269       26,192       23,386       24,068       23,464  

Litigation expense

     —         2,700       —         —         —    

Cost of unsuccessful transactions

     —         —         —         —         1,500  
    


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

     345,784       349,164       320,069       296,323       303,853  

Interest expense:

                                        

Contractual

     119,526       118,952       118,896       108,353       115,399  

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     4,405       3,469       4,038       3,196       3,505  

Financing obligations

     17,691       12,488       11,841       1,773       1,065  
    


 


 


 


 


Total interest expense

     141,622       134,909       134,775       113,322       119,969  

Other income/expense:

                                        

Interest and other income

     6,220       7,713       13,991       9,680       9,566  

Loss on debt extinguishments

     (14,653 )     (378 )     (714 )     (4,711 )     (7,341 )

Gain on extinguishment of co-venture obligation

     16,301       —         —         —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


Total other income/expense

     7,868       7,335       13,277       4,969       2,225  
    


 


 


 


 


Income before disposition of property, co-venture expense, minority interest and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

     25,161       44,987       93,808       121,467       135,782  

Gains on disposition of property, net

     12,316       22,692       21,910       3,398       6,475  

Co-venture expense

     (4,588 )     (7,730 )     (6,859 )     (158 )     —    

Minority interest in the Operating Partnership

     (813 )     (4,347 )     (10,776 )     (12,050 )     (14,694 )

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

     4,952       5,640       7,536       2,649       914  
    


 


 


 


 


Income from continuing operations

     37,028       61,242       105,619       115,306       128,477  

Discontinued operations net of minority interest

     10,916       20,635       11,761       11,728       8,268  
    


 


 


 


 


Net income

     47,944       81,877       117,380       127,034       136,745  

Dividends on preferred stock

     (30,852 )     (30,852 )     (31,500 )     (32,580 )     (32,580 )

Excess of preferred stock carrying value over repurchase value

     —         —         1,012       —         —    
    


 


 


 


 


Net income available for common stockholders

   $ 17,092     $ 51,025     $ 86,892     $ 94,454     $ 104,165  
    


 


 


 


 


Net income per common share – basic:

                                        

Income from continuing operations

   $ 0.12     $ 0.57     $ 1.39     $ 1.40     $ 1.56  
    


 


 


 


 


Net income

   $ 0.32     $ 0.96     $ 1.61     $ 1.60     $ 1.70  
    


 


 


 


 


Net income per common share – diluted:

                                        

Income from continuing operations

   $ 0.12     $ 0.57     $ 1.37     $ 1.39     $ 1.56  
    


 


 


 


 


Net income

   $ 0.32     $ 0.95     $ 1.59     $ 1.59     $ 1.69  
    


 


 


 


 


Dividends declared per common share

   $ 1.86     $ 2.34     $ 2.31     $ 2.25     $ 2.19  
    


 


 


 


 


 

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     Year Ended December 31,

     2003(1)

   2002(1)

   2001(1)

   2000(1)

   1999(1)

Balance Sheet Data:

                                  

Net real estate assets

   $ 3,224,214    $ 3,357,578    $ 3,564,017    $ 3,447,776    $ 3,637,018

Total assets

   $ 3,543,023    $ 3,769,086    $ 3,972,340    $ 4,032,906    $ 4,036,917

Total mortgages and notes payable

   $ 1,717,765    $ 1,793,760    $ 1,961,470    $ 1,825,586    $ 1,766,117

Financing obligations

   $ 124,063    $ 121,012    $ 76,089    $ 73,620    $ 22,651

Co-venture obligation

   $ —      $ 43,511    $ 40,482    $ 36,046    $ —  

Cumulative redeemable preferred shares

     377,445      377,445      377,445      397,500      397,500

Number of wholly owned in-service properties

     465      493      498      493      563

Total rentable square feet

     34,922,000      37,112,000      37,221,000      36,183,000      38,976,000

(1) In October 2001, the FASB issued SFAS No. 144 which requires assets classified as held for sale or sold as a result of disposal activities initiated subsequent to January 1, 2002 and whereby the operations and cash flows have been or will be eliminated from the ongoing operations of the Company and we will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations after the disposal transaction to be reported as discontinued operations. Thus, in all periods presented above, we have reclassified to discontinued operations the operations and/or gain/(loss) from disposal of those properties that qualify for such treatment under SFAS No. 144.

 

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes contained elsewhere in this amended Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the information in this amended Annual Report on Form 10-K may contain forward-looking statements. Such statements include, in particular, statements about our plans, strategies and prospects under this section and under the heading “Business.” You can identify forward-looking statements by our use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “continue” or other similar words. Although we believe that our plans, intentions and expectations reflected in or suggested by such forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot assure you that our plans, intentions or expectations will be achieved. When considering such forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the following important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement:

 

  speculative development activity by our competitors in our existing markets could result in an excessive supply of office, industrial and retail properties relative to tenant demand;

 

  the financial condition of our tenants could deteriorate;

 

  we may not be able to complete development, acquisition, reinvestment, disposition or joint venture projects as quickly or on as favorable terms as anticipated;

 

  we may not be able to lease or release space quickly or on as favorable terms as old leases;

 

  an unexpected increase in interest rates would increase our debt service costs;

 

  we may not be able to continue to meet our long-term liquidity requirements on favorable terms;

 

  we could lose key executive officers; and

 

  our southeastern and midwestern markets may suffer additional declines in economic growth.

 

This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is not intended to be exhaustive. You should also review the other cautionary statements we make in “Business – Risk Factors” set forth elsewhere in this amended Annual Report.

 

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Given these uncertainties, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly release the results of any revisions to these forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect any future events or circumstances or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

 

OVERVIEW

 

We are a fully integrated, self-administered REIT that provides leasing, management, development, construction and other customer-related services for our properties and for third parties. As of December 31, 2003, we own or have an interest in 530 in-service office, industrial and retail properties, encompassing approximately 41.7 million square feet. As of that date, we also owned 1,305 acres of development land, which is suitable to develop approximately 14.3 million rentable square feet of office, industrial and retail space. We are based in Raleigh, North Carolina, and our properties and development land are located in Florida, Georgia, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Missouri, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia.

 

We have restated our Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein and related financial information for the five-year period from 1999 through 2003. These restatements resulted primarily from adjustments related to the accounting for a limited number of our prior real estate sales transactions with continuing involvement occurring between 1999 and 2003, reclassifications for discontinued operations, accounting for minority interest, accounting for a debt retirement, and other items. Refer to Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a more complete description of these adjustments. The following information should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included herein.

 

Management of the Company is ultimately responsible for preparing and presenting the Company’s financial statements in accordance with GAAP. As part of these processes, we consulted with Ernst & Young LLP in their capacity as our independent auditors regarding the application of GAAP. In particular, we consulted with Ernst & Young LLP regarding certain of the real estate sales transactions with continuing involvement, accounting for the MOPPRS debt extinguishment in 2003, accounting for minority interest in the Operating Partnership, and accounting for the compensation costs to be recognized in 2004 in connection with the retirement of the Company’s former CEO.

 

Results of Operations

 

During 2003, approximately 84.0% of our rental revenue was derived from our office properties. As a result, while we own and operate a limited number of industrial and retail properties, our operating results depend heavily on successfully leasing our office properties. Furthermore, since most of our office properties are located in Florida, Georgia and North Carolina, employment growth in those states is and will continue to be an important determinative factor in predicting our future operating results.

 

The key components affecting our revenue stream are average occupancy and rental rates. During the past several years, as the average occupancy of our portfolio has decreased, our same property rental revenue has declined. Average occupancy generally increases during times of improving economic growth, as our ability to lease space outpaces vacancies that occur upon the expirations of existing leases, while average occupancy generally declines during times of slower economic growth, when new vacancies tend to outpace our ability to lease space. Asset acquisitions and dispositions also impact our rental revenues and could impact our average occupancy, depending upon the occupancy percentage of the properties that are acquired or sold.

 

Whether or not our rental revenue tracks average occupancy proportionally depends upon whether rents under new leases are higher or lower than the rents under the previous leases. During 2003, the average straight-lined rate per square foot on new leases signed in our Wholly Owned Properties was 0.7% lower than the average straight-lined rate per square foot on the expiring leases. A further indicator of the predictability of future revenues is the expected lease expirations of our portfolio. Our average office lease term, excluding renewal periods is 4.5 years. At December 31, 2003, the occupancy rate for our Wholly Owned Properties was 81.5%, and during 2004 leases on approximately 4.7 million square feet of space will expire that have not been renewed as of December 31, 2003. This square footage represents approximately 15% of our annualized rental revenue. As of September 30, 2004, based on our leasing efforts since December 31, 2003 and on other activity such as early lease terminations, the occupancy rate for our Wholly Owned Properties improved to 83.2%. As a result, in addition to seeking to increase our average occupancy by leasing current vacant space, we also must concentrate our leasing efforts on renewing leases on expiring space. For more information regarding our lease expirations, see “Properties – Lease Expirations.”

 

Our expenses primarily consist of depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, rental property expenses and interest expense. Depreciation and amortization is a non-cash expense associated with the ownership of real property and generally remains relatively consistent each year, unless we buy or sell assets, since we depreciate our properties on a straight-line basis. General and administrative expenses, net of amounts capitalized, consist primarily of management and employee salaries and other personnel costs, corporate overhead and long-term incentive compensation. Rental property expenses are expenses associated with our ownership and

 

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operation of rental properties and include variable expenses, such as common area maintenance and utilities, and fixed expenses, such as property taxes and insurance. Some of these variable expenses may be lower as our average occupancy declines, while the fixed expenses remain constant regardless of average occupancy. Interest expense depends upon the amount of our borrowings, the weighted average interest rates on our debt and the amount capitalized on development projects.

 

We also record income from our investments in unconsolidated affiliates, which are our joint ventures except for two joint ventures which are included in our Consolidated Financial Statements as a result of our continuing involvement with the properties – see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements. We record in “equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates” our proportionate share of the unconsolidated joint ventures’ net income or loss. During 2003, income earned from these unconsolidated joint ventures aggregated $5.0 million, which represented approximately 10.3% of our total net income.

 

Additionally, SFAS No. 144 requires us to record net income received from properties sold or held for sale that qualify as discontinued operations under SFAS No. 144 separately as “income from discontinued operations.” As a result, we separately record revenues and expenses from these qualifying properties. During 2003, income, including gains and losses from the sale of properties, from discontinued operations accounted for approximately 22.8% of our total net income.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

We incur capital expenditures to lease space to our customers and to maintain the quality of our properties to successfully compete against other properties. Tenant improvements are the costs required to customize the space for the specific needs of the customer. Lease commissions are costs incurred to find the customer for the space. Building improvements are recurring capital costs not related to a customer to maintain the buildings. As leases expire, we either attempt to relet the space to an existing customer or attract a new customer to occupy the space. Generally, customer renewals require lower leasing capital expenditures than reletting to new customers. However, market conditions such as supply of available space on the market, as well as demand for space, drive not only customer rental rates but also tenant improvement costs. Leasing capital expenditures are amortized over the term of the lease and building improvements are depreciated over the appropriate useful life of the assets acquired. Both are included in depreciation and amortization in results of operations.

 

Because we are a REIT, we are required under the federal tax laws to distribute at least 90.0% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. We generally use rents received from customers to fund our operating expenses, recurring capital expenditures and stockholder dividends. To fund property acquisitions, development activity or building renovations, we incur debt from time to time. As of December 31, 2003, we had approximately $982.8 million of secured debt outstanding and $735.0 million of unsecured debt outstanding. Our debt consists of mortgage debt, unsecured debt securities and borrowings under our Revolving Loan. As of October 22, 2004, we have approximately $47.3 million of additional borrowing availability under our Revolving Loan and our short-term cash needs (for the remainder of 2004) include, among other things, the funding of $9.4 million in development activity and $214.8 million in principal payments due on our long-term debt in the remainder of 2004 and 2005 which excludes $100.0 million related to Put Option Notes, which were extinguished in June, 2004.

 

Our Revolving Loan and the indenture governing our outstanding long-term unsecured debt securities each require us to satisfy various operating and financial covenants and performance ratios. As a result, to ensure that we do not violate the provisions of these debt instruments, we may from time to time be limited in undertaking certain activities that may otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders, such as repurchasing capital stock, acquiring additional assets, increasing the total amount of our debt or increasing stockholder dividends. We review our current and expected operating results, financial condition and planned strategic actions on an ongoing basis for the purpose of monitoring our continued compliance with these covenants and ratios. While we are currently in compliance with these covenants and ratios and expect to remain so for the foreseeable future, we cannot provide any assurance of continued compliance and any failure to remain in compliance could result in an acceleration of some or all of our debt, severely restrict our ability to incur additional debt to fund short- and long-term cash needs or result in higher interest expense. See Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure regarding a waiver of and amendments to these covenants in 2004.

 

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To generate additional capital to fund our growth and other strategic initiatives and to lessen the ownership risks typically associated with owning 100.0% of a property, we may sell some of our properties or contribute them to joint ventures. When we create a joint venture with a strategic partner, we usually contribute one or more properties that we own and/or vacant land to a newly formed entity in which we retain an interest of 50.0% or less. In exchange for our equal or minority interest in the joint venture, we generally receive cash from the partner and retain all of the management income relating to the properties in the joint venture. The joint venture itself will frequently borrow money on its own behalf to finance the acquisition of, and/or leverage the return upon, the properties being acquired by the joint venture or to build or acquire additional buildings. Such borrowings are typically on a non-recourse or limited recourse basis. We generally are not liable for the debts of our joint ventures, except to the extent of our equity investment, unless we have directly guaranteed any of that debt. In most cases, we and/or our strategic partners are required to guarantee customary exceptions to non-recourse liability in non-recourse loans. See Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on certain debt guarantees.

 

We have historically also sold additional Common Stock or Preferred Stock, or issued Common Units to fund additional growth or to reduce our debt, but we have limited those efforts during the past five years because funds generated from our capital recycling program in recent years have provided sufficient funds. In addition, we used funds from our capital recycling to repurchase Common Stock in 2003, 2002 and 2001 and Preferred Stock in 2001.

 

Management’s Analysis

 

We believe that funds from operations (“FFO”) and FFO per share are beneficial to management and investors and are important indicators of the performance of any equity REIT. Because FFO and FFO per share calculations exclude such factors as depreciation and amortization of real estate assets and gains or losses from sales of real estate (which can vary among owners of identical assets in similar conditions based on historical cost accounting and useful life estimates), they facilitate comparisons of operating performance between periods and between other REITs. Our management believes that historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with Accounting Principles Generally Accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient by themselves. As a result, management believes that the use of FFO and FFO per share, together with the required GAAP presentations, provide a more complete understanding of the Company’s performance relative to its competitors and a more informed and appropriate basis on which to make decisions involving operating, financing and investing activities. See “Funds from Operations.”

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

On January 1, 2002, we adopted SFAS No. 144. As described in Note 12 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we reclassified the operations and/or gain/(loss) from the disposal of certain properties to discontinued operations for all periods presented if the operations and cash flows have been or will be eliminated from our ongoing operations and we will not have any significant continuing involvement in the operations after the disposal transaction and the properties were either sold during 2003 and 2002 or were held for sale at December 31, 2003. Accordingly, the operations and gain/(loss) from the properties disposed of during 2001 and certain properties disposed of during 2002 were not reclassified to discontinued operations.

 

As more fully described in Note 18 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, three of our prior real estate sales transactions are accounted for as financing and/or profit-sharing arrangements. Although the rental revenues and operating expenses of these properties are recorded in our Consolidated Financial Statements, the net income excluding depreciation that is allocated to our partner or the third party buyer (to the extent of their ownership interest) is reclassified as interest expense for a financing arrangement or co-venture expense for a profit-sharing arrangement.

 

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Comparison of 2003 to 2002

 

The following table sets forth information regarding our restated results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 ($ in millions):

 

     Year Ended December 31,

   

2003

to 2002

$ Change


   

% of

Change


 
     2003

    2002

     

Rental and other revenues

   $ 504.7     $ 521.7     $ (17.0 )   (3.3 )%

Operating expenses:

                              

Rental property and other expenses

     178.4       169.5       8.9     5.3  

Depreciation and amortization

     142.1       140.8       1.3     0.9  

Impairment of assets held for use

     —         9.9       (9.9 )   (100.0 )

General and administrative

     25.3       26.2       (0.9 )   (3.4 )

Litigation expense

     —         2.7       (2.7 )   (100.0 )
    


 


 


 

Total operating expenses

     345.8       349.1       (3.3 )   (0.9 )
    


 


 


 

Interest expense:

                              

Contractual

     119.5       119.0       0.5     0.4  

Amortization of deferred financing costs

     4.4       3.4       1.0     29.4  

Financing obligations

     17.7       12.5       5.2     41.6  
    


 


 


 

       141.6       134.9       6.7     5.0  

Other income/expense:

                              

Interest and other income

     6.2       7.7       (1.5 )   (19.5 )

Loss on debt extinguishments

     (14.6 )     (0.4 )     (14.2 )   3,550.0  

Gain on extinguishment of co-venture obligation

     16.3       —         16.3     100.0  
    


 


 


 

       7.9       7.3       0.6     8.2  
    


 


 


 

Income before disposition of property, co-venture expense, minority interest and equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

     25.2       45.0       (19.8 )   (44.0 )

Gains on disposition of property, net

     12.3       22.7       (10.4 )   (45.8 )

Co-venture expense

     (4.6 )     (7.7 )     3.1     (40.3 )

Minority interest in the Operating Partnership

     (0.8 )     (4.4 )     3.6     (81.8 )

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates

     5.0       5.6       (0.6 )   (10.7 )
    


 


 


 

Income from continuing operations

     37.1       61.2       (24.1 )   (39.4 )

Discontinued operations:

                              

Income from discontinued operations, net of minority interest

     2.4       9.1       (6.7 )   (73.6 )

Gain on sale of discontinued operations, net of minority interest

     8.5       11.6       (3.1 )   (26.7 )
    


 


 


 

       10.9       20.7       (9.8 )   (47.3 )
    


 


 


 

Net income

     48.0       81.9       (33.9 )   (41.4 )

Dividends on preferred stock

     (30.9 )     (30.9 )     —       —    
    


 


 


 

Net income available for common stockholders

   $ 17.1     $ 51.0     $ (33.9 )   (66.5 )%
    


 


 


 

 

Rental and Other Revenues

 

The decrease in rental and other revenues from continuing operations was primarily the result of (1) a decrease in average occupancy rates in our Wholly Owned Properties from 86.4% for the year ended December 31, 2002 to 82.7% for the year ended December 31, 2003, and (2) from the effect of properties sold in 2003 and 2002 that were not accounted for as discontinued operations. The decrease in average occupancy rates was primarily a result of the disposition of certain properties and the bankruptcies of WorldCom and US Airways, which decreased average occupancy rates by 2.8% and rental and other revenues from continuing operations by $15.4 million. Amounts partly offsetting these decreases were: (1) during 2002, approximately $3.1 million of straightline rental income was written off in connection with the bankruptcy of WorldCom; (2) 2.0 million square feet of development properties were placed in-service and, as a result, increased rental and other revenues from continuing operations by approximately $8.6 million; and (3) rental revenues in 2002 only included a partial year of rental revenues from the Harborview Plaza transaction which occurred in June 2002, increasing 2003 rental revenues by approximately $3.8 million. In addition, construction income increased from 2002 to 2003, as a result of the development of certain office condominiums in 2003. Recovery income from certain operating expenses have decreased in the year ended December 31, 2003 due to lower occupancy.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2003, 954 second generation leases representing 7.6 million square feet of office, industrial and retail space were executed in our Wholly Owned Properties. The average rate per square foot

 

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on a GAAP basis over the lease term for leases executed in the year ended December 31, 2003 was 0.7% lower than the rent paid by previous customers.

 

As of the date of this filing, we are beginning to see a modest improvement in employment trends in several of our markets and an improving economic climate in the Southeast. There has been modest positive absorption of office space in most of our markets during the last five quarters. Occupancy in our Wholly Owned Properties increased to 83.2% at September 30, 2004 from 81.5% at December 31, 2003. We expect occupancy to increase modestly during the remainder of 2004.

 

Operating Expenses

 

The increase in rental and other operating expenses from continuing operations (real estate taxes, utilities, insurance, repairs and maintenance and other property-related expenses) primarily resulted from (1) general inflationary increases particularly compensation, utility costs, real estate taxes and insurance and (2) the fact that certain fixed operating expenses do not vary with net changes in our occupancy percentages, such as real estate taxes, insurance and utility rate changes. In addition, we had 2.0 million square feet of development properties placed in service during 2002 that resulted in an increase in rental and other operating expenses from continuing operations. Partly offsetting these increases was a decrease in rental and other operating expenses from continuing operations of properties sold in 2003 and 2002 that were not accounted for as discontinued operations.

 

Rental and other operating expenses as a percentage of rental and other revenue increased from 32.5% for the year ended December 31, 2002 to 35.4% for the year ended December 31, 2003. The increase was a result of the increases in rental and other operating expenses