10-K 1 a2151917z10-k.htm 10-K
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED December 31, 2004

Commission file number 1-3433

THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware       38-1285128
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
      (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2030 DOW CENTER, MIDLAND, MICHIGAN 48674
(Address of principal executive offices)                (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: 989-636-1000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class
   
  Name of each exchange
on which registered


 

 

 

 

 
Common Stock, par value $2.50 per share       Common Stock registered on the
New York, Chicago and Pacific
Stock Exchanges

Debentures, 6.85%, final maturity 2013

 

 

 

Debentures registered on the
New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [   ]

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [X]

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [X] No [   ]

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2004 (based upon the closing price of $40.70 per common share as quoted on the New York Stock Exchange), was approximately $37.8 billion. For purposes of this computation, it is assumed that the shares of voting stock held by Directors, Officers, the Dow Employees' Pension Plan Trust, and the Retirement Program for Employees of Union Carbide Corporation and its Participating Subsidiary Companies would be deemed to be stock held by affiliates. Non-affiliated common stock outstanding at June 30, 2004 was 929,444,379 shares.

Total common stock outstanding at January 31, 2005 was 953,570,755 shares.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Part III: Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 12, 2005.


The Dow Chemical Company

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
For the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2004

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

 
   
  Page
Item 1.   Business.   3
Item 2.   Properties.   11
Item 3.   Legal Proceedings.   12
Item 4.   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.   16

PART II

Item 5.

 

Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 

19
Item 6.   Selected Financial Data.   20
Item 7.   Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.   22
Item 7A.   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.   50
Item 8.   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.   51
Item 9.   Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.   103
Item 9A.   Controls and Procedures.   103
Item 9B.   Other Information.   106

PART III

Item 10.

 

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant.

 

107
Item 11.   Executive Compensation.   107
Item 12.   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.   107
Item 13.   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.   107
Item 14.   Principal Accountant Fees and Services.   107

PART IV

Item 15.

 

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

108

SIGNATURES

 

110

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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART I, Item 1. Business.


THE COMPANY

The Dow Chemical Company was incorporated in 1947 under Delaware law and is the successor to a Michigan corporation, of the same name, organized in 1897. On February 6, 2001, the merger of Union Carbide Corporation ("Union Carbide") with a subsidiary of The Dow Chemical Company was completed, and Union Carbide became a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow.

       The Company is engaged in the manufacture and sale of chemicals, plastic materials, agricultural and other specialized products and services. Except as otherwise indicated by the context, the terms "Company" or "Dow" as used herein mean The Dow Chemical Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

       The Company's principal executive offices are located at 2030 Dow Center, Midland, Michigan 48674, telephone 989-636-1000. Its Internet website address is www.dow.com. All of the Company's filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission are available free of charge through the Investor Relations page on this website, immediately upon filing.

BUSINESS AND PRODUCTS

Corporate Profile

Dow is a leading science and technology company that provides innovative chemical, plastic and agricultural products and services to many essential consumer markets. In 2004, Dow had annual sales of approximately $40 billion and employed approximately 43,000 people. The Company serves customers in 175 countries and a wide range of markets that are vital to human progress, including food, transportation, health and medicine, personal and home care, and building and construction, among others. The Company has 165 manufacturing sites in 37 countries and supplies more than 3,300 products grouped within the operating segments listed on the following pages.

    PERFORMANCE PLASTICS

    Applications: automotive interiors, exteriors, under-the-hood and body engineered systems • building and construction, thermal and acoustic insulation, roofing • communications technology, telecommunication cables, electrical and electronic connectors • footwear • home and office furnishings: kitchen appliances, power tools, floor care products, mattresses, carpeting, flooring, furniture padding, office furniture • information technology equipment and consumer electronics • packaging, food and beverage containers, protective packaging • sports and recreation equipment • wire and cable insulation and jacketing materials for power utility and telecommunications

      Building and Construction business manufactures and markets an extensive line of insulation and cushion packaging foam solutions. The business has been the recognized leader in extruded polystyrene insulation marketed with the STYROFOAM brand for more than 50 years and offers an extensive line of science-based insulation solutions. The business also manufactures foam solutions for a wide range of applications including cushion packaging, electronics protection and material handling.

    Products: ENVISION custom foam laminates; ETHAFOAM polyethylene foam; EQUIFOAM comfort products; IMMOTUS acoustic panels; LAMDEX polyolefin foam; PROPEL polypropylene foam; QUASH sound management foam; SARAN vapor retarder film and tape; STYROFOAM brand products (including extruded polystyrene, STYROFOAM WEATHERMATE PLUS housewraps and all-purpose tape); SYNERGY soft touch foam; TRYMER polyisocyanurate foam

      Dow Automotive business provides manufacturers of passenger cars, light trucks and commercial vehicles with solutions that perform for interior, exterior, and under-the-hood applications. The business also provides research and development, design expertise and advanced engineering support to help meet or exceed performance targets in all vehicle segments.

    Products: AFFINITY polyolefin plastomers; AMPLIFY functional polymers; BETABRACE reinforcing composites; BETADAMP acoustical damping systems; BETAFOAM NVH and structural foams; BETAGUARD sealants; BETAMATE structural adhesives; BETASEAL glass bonding systems; CALIBRE polycarbonate resins; Cyclic butylene terephthalate resins; DOW polypropylene resins and automotive components made with DOW polypropylene; Injection-molded dashmats and underhood barriers; INSPIRE performance polymers; INTEGRAL adhesive film; ISONATE pure and modified methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) products;

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      ISOPLAST engineering thermoplastic polyurethane resins; MAGNUM ABS resins; PAPI polymeric MDI; PELLETHANE thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers; PULSE engineering resins; SPECFLEX semi-flexible polyurethane foam systems; SPECTRIM reaction moldable polymers; STRANDFOAM polypropylene foam; VERSIFY plastomers and elastomers; VORANATE specialty isocyanates; VORANOL polyether polyols

      Engineering Plastics business offers one of the broadest ranges of engineering polymers and compounds of any global plastics supplier. The business complements its product portfolio with technical and commercial capabilities to develop solutions that deliver improved performance to customers while lowering their total cost.

    Products: CALIBRE polycarbonate resins; EMERGE advanced resins; ISOPLAST engineering thermoplastic polyurethane resins; MAGNUM ABS resins; PELLETHANE thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers; PULSE engineering resins; TYRIL SAN resins

      Epoxy Products and Intermediates business manufactures a wide range of epoxy products, as well as intermediates used by other major epoxy producers. Dow is a leading global producer of epoxy products, supporting customers with high-quality raw materials, technical service and production capabilities.

    Products: Acetone; Acrylic monomers; Allyl chloride; Bisphenol A; D.E.H. epoxy catalyst resins; D.E.N. epoxy novolac resins; D.E.R. epoxy resins (liquids, solids and solutions); Epichlorohydrin; Epoxy acrylates; OPTIM glycerine; Phenol; UV specialty epoxies

      Polyurethanes and Thermoset Systems business is a leading global producer of polyurethane raw materials and thermoset systems. Differentiated by its ability to globally supply a high-quality, consistent and complete product range, this business emphasizes both existing and new business developments while facilitating customer success with a global market and technology network.

    Products: THE ENHANCER and LIFESPAN carpet backings; FROTH-PAK polyurethane spray foam; GREAT STUFF polyurethane foam sealant; INSTA-STIK roof insulation adhesive; ISONATE MDI; PAPI polymeric MDI; Propylene glycol; Propylene oxide; SPECFLEX copolymer polyols; SYNTEGRA waterborne polyurethane dispersions; TILE BOND roof tile adhesive; VORACOR, VORALAST, VORALUX and VORASTAR polyurethane systems; VORANATE isocyanate; VORANOL and VORANOL VORACTIV polyether and copolymer polyols; WOODSTALK fiberboard products

      Technology Licensing and Catalyst business includes licensing and supply of related catalysts for the UNIPOL polypropylene process, the METEOR process for ethylene oxide (EO) and ethylene glycol (EG), the LP OXO process for oxo alcohols, and the QBIS bisphenol A process. Licensing of the UNIPOL polyethylene process and related catalysts, including metallocene catalysts, are handled through Univation Technologies, LLC, a 50:50 joint venture co-owned by Union Carbide. The business also includes UOP LLC, a 50:50 joint venture co-owned by Union Carbide, which supplies process technology, catalysts, molecular sieves and adsorbents to the petroleum refining, petrochemical and gas processing industries.

    Products: LP OXO process technology; METEOR EO/EG process technology and catalysts; QBIS bisphenol A process technology and DOWEX QCAT catalyst; SHAC catalysts; UNIPOL process technology

      Wire and Cable Compounds business is the leading global producer of a variety of performance polyolefin products that are marketed worldwide for wire and cable applications. Chief among these are polyolefin-based compounds for high-performance insulation, semiconductives and jacketing systems for power distribution, telecommunications and flame-retardant wire and cable.

    Products: REDI-LINK polyethylene; SI-LINK crosslinkable polyethylene; UNIGARD high-performance flame-retardant compounds; UNIGARD reduced emissions flame-retardant compounds; UNIPURGE purging compounds; Wire and cable insulation and jacketing compounds; ZETABON coated metal cable armor

      The Performance Plastics segment also includes the INCLOSIA Solutions business focused on consumer electronics. Also part of the Performance Plastics segment is an extensive line of specialty plastic resins and films for food and specialty packaging applications, window envelope films, medical films and metal lamination films, such as SARAN films, SARANEX films, PROCITE polystyrene films and TRENCHCOAT polyolefin films.

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    PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS

    Applications: agricultural and pharmaceutical products and processing • building materials • chemical processing and intermediates • food processing and ingredients • household products • paints, coatings, inks, adhesives, lubricants • personal care products • pulp and paper manufacturing, coated paper and paperboard • textiles and carpet • water purification

      Acrylics and Oxide Derivatives business is the world's largest supplier of glycol ethers and amines, and a leading supplier of acrylics, producing an array of products serving a diverse set of market applications, including coatings, household and personal care products, gas treating and agricultural products.

    Products: Acrylic acid/Acrylic esters; Alkyl alkanolamines; DRYTECH superabsorbent polymers; Ethanolamines; Ethylene oxide- and propylene oxide-based glycol ethers; Ethyleneamines; Isopropanolamines

      Dow Latex business is the world's largest supplier of synthetic latex. Within Dow Latex, Emulsion Polymers is the most globally diverse of the styrene-butadiene latex suppliers, and the largest supplier of latex for coating paper and paperboard used in magazines, catalogues and food packaging. UCAR Emulsion Systems is a leading global supplier of water-based emulsions used as key components in decorative and industrial paints, adhesives, textile products, and construction products such as caulks and sealants.

    Products: Acrylic latex; Butadiene-vinylidene latex; NEOCAR branched vinyl ester latexes; POLYPHOBE rheology modifiers; Polystyrene latex; Styrene-acrylate latex; Styrene-butadiene latex; UCAR all-acrylic, styrene-acrylic and vinyl-acrylic latexes

      Specialty Chemicals business provides products used as functional ingredients or processing aids in the manufacture of a diverse range of products. Applications include agricultural and pharmaceutical products and processing, building and construction, chemical processing and intermediates, food processing and ingredients, household products, coatings, pulp and paper manufacturing, and transportation. Dow Haltermann Custom Processing provides contract and custom manufacturing services to other specialty chemical and agricultural chemical producers.

    Products: CARBOWAX polyethylene glycols and methoxypolyethylene glycols; Diphenyloxide; DOW polypropylene glycols; DOWFAX, TERGITOL and TRITON surfactants; DOWTHERM, SYLTHERM and UCARTHERM heat transfer fluids; UCAR deicing fluids; UCON fluids; VERSENE chelating agents; Fine and specialty chemicals from the Dow Haltermann Custom Processing business; Test and reference fuels, printing ink distillates, pure hydrocarbons and esters, and derivatives from Haltermann Products, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow

      Specialty Polymers business provides a diverse portfolio of multi-functional ingredients and polymers for numerous markets and applications. Within Specialty Polymers, Liquid Separations uses several technologies to separate dissolved minerals and organics from water, making purer water for human and industrial uses. Specialty Polymers businesses also market a range of products that enhance the physical and sensory properties of end-use products in a wide range of applications including food, pharmaceuticals, oilfields, paints and coatings, personal care, and building and construction.

    Products: Acrolein derivatives; Basic nitroparaffins and nitroparaffin-based specialty chemicals of ANGUS Chemical Company, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow; Biocides; CELLOSIZE hydroxyethyl cellulose; DOWEX ion exchange resins; ETHOCEL ethylcellulose resins; FILMTEC membranes; METHOCEL cellulose ethers; POLYOX water- soluble resins; Products for hair/skin care from Amerchol Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Dow

      The Performance Chemicals segment also includes peroxymeric chemicals, solution vinyl resins and other specialty chemicals, as well as the results of Dowpharma, which provides the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industries with products and services for drug discovery, development, manufacturing and delivery.

5


    AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

    Applications: control of weeds, insects and plant diseases for agriculture and pest management • agricultural seeds and traits (genes)

      Dow AgroSciences is a global leader in providing pest management, agricultural and crop biotechnology products and solutions. The business develops, manufactures and markets products for crop production; weed, insect and plant disease management; and industrial and commercial pest management. Dow AgroSciences is building a leading plant genetics and biotechnology business in agricultural seeds, traits, animal health and food safety.

    Products: CLINCHER herbicide; DITHANE fungicide; LORSBAN insecticides; FORTRESS fungicide; FULTIME herbicide; GALLANT herbicide; GARLON herbicide; GLYPHOMAX herbicide; GRANDSTAND herbicide; HERCULEX I insect protection; KEYSTONE herbicide; LONTREL herbicide; MUSTANG herbicide; MYCOGEN seeds; NATREON canola oil; PHYTOGEN brand cottonseeds; PROFUME gas fumigant; SENTRICON Termite Colony Elimination System; STARANE herbicide; STINGER herbicide; TELONE soil fumigant; TORDON herbicide; TRACER NATURALYTE insect control; VIKANE structural fumigant

    PLASTICS

    Applications: adhesives • appliances and appliance housings • agricultural films • automotive parts and trim • beverage bottles • bins, crates, pails and pallets • building and construction • coatings • consumer and durable goods • consumer electronics • disposable diaper liners • fibers and nonwovens • films, bags and packaging for food and consumer products • hoses and tubing • household and industrial bottles • housewares • hygiene and medical films • industrial and consumer films and foams • information technology • oil tanks and road equipment • plastic pipe • textiles • toys, playground equipment and recreational products • wire and cable compounds

      Polyethylene business is the world's leading supplier of polyethylene-based solutions through sustainable product differentiation. Through the use of multiple catalyst and process technologies, the business offers customers one of the industry's broadest ranges of polyethylene solutions via a strong global network of local experts focused on partnering for long-term success.

    Products: AFFINITY polyolefin plastomers; AMPLIFY functional polymers; ASPUN fiber grade resins; ATTANE ultra low density polyethylene (ULDPE) resins; CONTINUUM bimodal polyethylene resins; DOW high density polyethylene (HDPE) resins; DOW low density polyethylene (LDPE) resins; DOWLEX polyethylene resins; ELITE enhanced polyethylene (EPE) resins; FLEXOMER very low density polyethylene (VLDPE) resins; PRIMACOR copolymers; TUFLIN linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) resins; UNIVAL HDPE resins

      Polypropylene business, a major global polypropylene supplier, provides a broad range of products and solutions tailored to customer needs by leveraging Dow's leading manufacturing and application technology, research and product development expertise, extensive market knowledge and strong customer relationships.

    Products: Homopolymer polypropylene resins; Impact copolymer polypropylene resins; INSPIRE performance polymers; Random copolymer polypropylene resins

      Polystyrene business, the global leader in the production of polystyrene resins, is uniquely positioned with geographic breadth and participation in a diversified portfolio of applications. Through market and technical leadership and low cost capability, the business continues to improve product performance and meet customer needs.

    Products: STYRON A-TECH advanced technology polystyrene resins; STYRON general purpose polystyrene resins; STYRON high-impact polystyrene resins; STYRON ignition-resistant polystyrene resins

      The Plastics segment also includes polybutadiene rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, several specialty resins, such as VERSIFY plastomers and elastomers and DOW XLA elastic fiber for the textile industry, and the results of DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. and Equipolymers, 50:50 joint ventures.

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    CHEMICALS

    Applications: agricultural products • alumina • automotive antifreeze and coolant systems • carpet and textiles • chemical processing • dry cleaning • dust control • household cleaners and plastic products • inks • metal cleaning • packaging, food and beverage containers, protective packaging • paints, coatings and adhesives • personal care products • petroleum refining • pharmaceuticals • plastic pipe • pulp and paper manufacturing • snow and ice control • soaps and detergents • water treatment

      Core Chemicals business is a leading global producer of each of its basic chemical products, which are sold to many industries worldwide, and also serve as key raw materials in the production of a variety of Dow's performance and plastics products.

    Products: Acids; Alcohols; Aldehydes; Caustic soda; Chlorine; Chloroform; COMBOTHERM blended deicer; DOWFLAKE calcium chloride; DOWPER dry cleaning solvent; Esters; Ethylene dichloride (EDC); LIQUIDOW liquid calcium chloride; MAXICHECK procedure for testing the strength of reagents; MAXISTAB stabilizers for chlorinated solvents; Methyl chloride; Methylene chloride; Monochloroacetic acid (MCAA); Oxo products; PELADOW calcium chloride pellets; Perchloroethylene; SAFE-TAINER closed-loop delivery system; Trichloroethylene; Vinyl acetate monomer (VAM); Vinyl chloride monomer (VCM); Vinylidene chloride (VDC)

      Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol business is a key supplier of ethylene glycol to MEGlobal, a 50:50 joint venture of the Company and a world leader in the manufacture and marketing of merchant monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. Dow also supplies ethylene oxide to internal derivatives businesses. Ethylene glycol is used in polyester fiber, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for food and beverage container applications, polyester film and antifreeze.

    Products: Ethylene glycol (EG); Ethylene oxide (EO)

      The Chemicals segment includes the results of MEGlobal.

    HYDROCARBONS AND ENERGY

    Applications: polymer and chemical production • power

      Hydrocarbons and Energy business encompasses the procurement of fuels, natural gas liquids and crude oil-based raw materials, as well as the supply of monomers, power and steam for use in Dow's global operations. Dow is the world leader in the production of olefins and styrene.

    Products: Benzene; Butadiene; Butylene; Cumene; Ethylene; Propylene; Styrene; Power, steam and other utilities

    Unallocated and Other includes the results of Dow Ventures (which includes Advanced Electronic Materials and new business incubation platforms which are focused on identifying and pursuing new commercial opportunities); Venture Capital; the Company's insurance operations and environmental operations; as well as Cargill Dow LLC and Dow Corning Corporation, both of which are 50:50 joint ventures.

Industry Segments and Geographic Area Results

See Note U to the Consolidated Financial Statements for disclosure of information by operating segment and geographic area.

Number of Products

Dow manufactures and supplies more than 3,300 products and services. No single product accounted for more than 5 percent of the Company's consolidated net sales in 2004.

Competition

The Company experiences substantial competition in each of its industry segments. During 2004, the Company was the largest U.S. producer of chemicals and plastics, in terms of sales. The chemical industry has been historically competitive, and this competitive environment is expected to continue. The chemical divisions of the major international oil companies also provide substantial competition both in the United States and abroad. The Company competes worldwide on the basis of quality, price and customer service.

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Raw Materials

The Company operates in an integrated manufacturing environment. Basic raw materials are processed through many stages to produce a number of products that are sold as finished goods at various points in those processes.

       The two major raw material streams that feed the integrated production of the Company's finished goods are chlorine-based and hydrocarbon-based raw materials.

       Salt, limestone and natural brine are the base raw materials used in the production of chlor-alkali products and derivatives. The Company owns salt deposits in Louisiana, Michigan and Texas; Alberta, Canada; Brazil; and Germany. The Company also owns natural brine deposits in Michigan and limestone deposits in Texas.

       Hydrocarbon raw materials include liquefied petroleum gases, crude oil, naphtha, natural gas and condensate. These raw materials are used in the production of both saleable products and energy. The Company also purchases electric power, benzene, ethylene and styrene to supplement internal production. Expenditures for hydrocarbons and energy accounted for 43 percent of the Company's production costs and operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2004. The Company purchases these raw materials on both short- and long-term contracts.

       Other significant raw materials include acrylonitrile, aniline, bisphenol, co-monomers (for linear low density polyethylene), methanol, rubber, and toluene diamine. The Company purchases these raw materials on both short- and long-term contracts.

       The Company had adequate supplies of raw materials during 2004 and expects to continue to have adequate supplies of raw materials in 2005.

Method of Distribution

All products and services are marketed primarily through the Company's sales force, although in some instances more emphasis is placed on sales through distributors.

       Twenty-one percent of the sales of the Chemicals segment in 2004 were to one customer. The Company has a supply contract with this customer on an ongoing basis. In addition, sales to MEGlobal, a 50:50 joint venture with Petrochemical Industries Company of Kuwait, represented approximately 12 percent of the sales in the Chemicals segment. Excess ethylene glycol produced in Dow's plants in the United States and Europe is sold to MEGlobal. See Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion on the formation of MEGlobal in the second quarter of 2004. Other than the sales to these customers, no significant portion of the business of any operating segment is dependent upon a single customer.

Research and Development

The Company is engaged in a continuous program of basic and applied research to develop new products and processes, to improve and refine existing products and processes and to develop new applications for existing products. Research and development expenses were $1,022 million in 2004, compared with $981 million in 2003 and $1,066 million in 2002. At December 31, 2004, the Company employed approximately 5,800 people in various research and development activities.

Patents, Licenses and Trademarks

The Company continually applies for and obtains U.S. and foreign patents. At December 31, 2004, the Company owned 2,933 active U.S. patents and 9,466 active foreign patents as follows:


Patents Owned at December 31, 2004    
    U.S.   Foreign

Performance Plastics   1,054   3,583
Performance Chemicals   398   889
Agricultural Sciences   587   1,829
Plastics   560   2,097
Chemicals   50   149
Hydrocarbons and Energy   41   185
Other   243   734

Total   2,933   9,466

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       Dow's primary purpose in obtaining patents is to protect the results of its research for use in operations and licensing. Dow is also party to a substantial number of patent licenses and other technology agreements. The Company had revenue related to patent and technology royalties totaling $246 million in 2004, $185 million in 2003 and $129 million in 2002, and incurred royalties to others of $42 million in 2004, $33 million in 2003 and $34 million in 2002. Dow also has a substantial number of trademarks and trademark registrations in the United States and in other countries, including the "Dow in Diamond" trademark. Although the Company considers that, in the aggregate, its patents, licenses and trademarks constitute a valuable asset, it does not regard its business as being materially dependent upon any single patent, license or trademark.

Principal Partly Owned Companies

Dow's principal nonconsolidated affiliates at December 31, 2004, including direct or indirect ownership interest for each, are listed below:

Dow Corning Corporation – 50 percent – a U.S. company that manufactures silicone and silicone products.
See Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. – 50 percent – a U.S. company that manufactures and markets thermoset
and thermoplastic elastomer products. See Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C. – 45 percent – a Kuwait-based company that manufactures
ethylene, polyethylene and ethylene glycol.
Equipolymers – 50 percent – a company, headquartered in Zurich, Switzerland, that manufactures purified terephthalic acid, and manufactures and markets polyethylene terephthalate resins. See Note C to the
Consolidated Financial Statements.
MEGlobal – 50 percent – a company, headquartered in London, England, that manufactures and markets monoethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. See Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements.
The OPTIMAL Group [consisting of OPTIMAL Olefins (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd – 23.75 percent;
OPTIMAL Glycols (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd – 50 percent; OPTIMAL Chemicals (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd –
50 percent] – Malaysian companies operating an ethane/propane cracker, an ethylene glycol facility
and a production facility for ethylene and propylene derivatives within a world-scale, integrated
chemical complex located in Kerteh, Terengganu, Malaysia. Manufacturing began in 2002.
The Siam Group – 49 percent [consisting of Pacific Plastics (Thailand) Limited; Siam Polyethylene
Company Limited; Siam Polystyrene Company Limited; Siam Styrene Monomer Co., Ltd.; Siam
Synthetic Latex Company Limited] – Thailand-based companies that manufacture polyurethanes,
polyethylene, polystyrene, styrene, and latex.
UOP LLC – 50 percent – a U.S. company that supplies process technology, catalysts, molecular sieves and adsorbents to the petroleum refining, petrochemical and gas-processing industries worldwide.

       See Note G to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the Company's principal nonconsolidated affiliates.

Financial Information About Foreign and Domestic Operations and Export Sales

In 2004, the Company derived 63 percent of its sales and had 48 percent of its property investment outside the United States. While the Company's international operations may be subject to a number of additional risks, such as changes in currency exchange rates, the Company does not regard its foreign operations, on the whole, as carrying any greater risk than its operations in the United States. Information on sales and long-lived assets by geographic area for each of the last three years appears in Note U to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and discussions of the Company's risk management program for foreign exchange and interest rate risk management appear in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk and Note I to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Protection of the Environment

Matters pertaining to the environment are discussed in Item 3. Legal Proceedings, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, and Notes A and K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

9


Employees

Personnel count was 43,203 at December 31, 2004; 46,372 at December 31, 2003; and 49,959 at December 31, 2002. In 2004, headcount continued to decline as the Company remained focused on improving organizational efficiency and financial performance. The decline in headcount in 2003 was the direct result of the Company's Action Plan initiated in early 2003 and attrition.

Other Activities

Dow engages in the property and casualty insurance and reinsurance business primarily through its Liana Limited subsidiaries.

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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART I, Item 2. Properties.


PROPERTIES

The Company operates 165 manufacturing sites in 37 countries. Properties of Dow include facilities which, in the opinion of management, are suitable and adequate for the manufacture and distribution of Dow's products. During 2004, the Company's chemicals and plastics production facilities and plants operated at approximately 88 percent of capacity. The Company's major production sites are as follows:

United States:   Plaquemine, Louisiana; Taft, Louisiana; Midland, Michigan; Freeport, Texas;
Seadrift, Texas; Texas City, Texas; South Charleston, West Virginia.
Canada:   Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta.
Germany:   Boehlen; Leuna; Rheinmuenster; Schkopau; Stade.
France:   Drusenheim.
The Netherlands:   Terneuzen.
Spain:   Tarragona.
Argentina:   Bahia Blanca.
Brazil:   Aratu.

       Including the major production sites, the Company has plants and holdings in the following geographic areas:

United States:   49 manufacturing locations in 17 states.
Canada:     7 manufacturing locations in 4 provinces.
Europe:   57 manufacturing locations in 19 countries.
Latin America:   27 manufacturing locations in 5 countries.
Asia Pacific:   25 manufacturing locations in 11 countries.

       All of Dow's plants are owned or leased, subject to certain easements of other persons which, in the opinion of management, do not substantially interfere with the continued use of such properties or materially affect their value. Dow leases an ethylene plant in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada; an ethylene plant and a polyethylene plant in Terneuzen, The Netherlands; and a pipeline in Germany.

       A summary of properties, classified by type, is provided in Note E to the Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information regarding leased properties can be found in Note N to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART I, Item 3. Legal Proceedings.


LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Breast Implant Matters

On May 15, 1995, Dow Corning Corporation ("Dow Corning"), in which the Company is a 50 percent shareholder, voluntarily filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code to resolve litigation related to Dow Corning's breast implant and other silicone medical products. On June 1, 2004, Dow Corning's Joint Plan of Reorganization (the "Joint Plan") became effective and Dow Corning emerged from bankruptcy. The Joint Plan contains release and injunction provisions resolving all tort claims brought against various entities, including the Company, involving Dow Corning's breast implant and other silicone medical products.

       To the extent not previously resolved in state court actions, cases involving Dow Corning's breast implant and other silicone medical products filed against the Company are currently pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan as a result of being transferred to that court for resolution in the context of the Joint Plan. Should cases involving Dow Corning's breast implant and other silicone medical products be filed against the Company in the future, they will be accorded similar treatment. It is the opinion of the Company's management that the possibility is remote that a resolution of all such cases will have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

Environmental Matters

On July 8, 2003, the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality ("MDEQ") issued a Letter of Violation alleging that Dow AgroSciences LLC, an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, had violated certain provisions of its Renewable Operating Air Permit at its Harbor Beach, Michigan, facility. Although the Letter of Violation did not include a penalty for the alleged violations, it is possible that the MDEQ will assess a civil penalty in excess of $100,000 at a later date.

Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation

Introduction

Union Carbide Corporation ("Union Carbide"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is and has been involved in a large number of asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts during the past three decades. These suits principally allege personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing products and frequently seek both actual and punitive damages. The alleged claims primarily relate to products that Union Carbide sold in the past, alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products located on Union Carbide's premises, and Union Carbide's responsibility for asbestos suits filed against a former Union Carbide subsidiary, Amchem Products, Inc. ("Amchem"). In many cases, plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any compensable loss as a result of such exposure, or that injuries incurred in fact resulted from exposure to Union Carbide's products.

       Influenced by the bankruptcy filings of numerous defendants in asbestos-related litigation and the prospects of various forms of state and national legislative reform, the rate at which plaintiffs filed asbestos-related suits against various companies, including Union Carbide and Amchem, increased in 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003. In the second half of 2003 and throughout 2004, the rate of filing significantly abated. Union Carbide expects more asbestos-related suits to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem in the future, and will aggressively defend or reasonably resolve, as appropriate, both pending and future claims.

       The table below provides information regarding asbestos-related claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem:


 
    2004   2003   2002  

 
Claims unresolved at January 1   193,891   200,882   126,564  
Claims filed   58,240   122,586   121,916  
Claims settled, dismissed or otherwise resolved   (48,715 ) (129,577 ) (47,598 )

 
Claims unresolved at December 31   203,416   193,891   200,882  
Claimants with claims against both Union Carbide and Amchem   73,587   66,656   66,008  

 
Individual claimants at December 31   129,829   127,235   134,874  

 

       A review of a representative sample of cases outstanding at December 31, 2004 showed that in more than 98 percent of the cases filed against Union Carbide and Amchem, no specific amount of damages is alleged or, if an amount is alleged, it merely represents jurisdictional amounts or amounts to be proven at trial. This percentage increased with the more recently filed cases included in the review. Even in those situations where specific damages are alleged, the claims frequently seek

12



the same amount of damages, irrespective of the disease or injury. Plaintiffs' lawyers often sue dozens or even hundreds of defendants in individual lawsuits on behalf of hundreds or even thousands of claimants. As a result, even when specific damages are alleged with respect to a specific disease or injury, those damages are not expressly identified as to Union Carbide, Amchem or any other particular defendant. In fact, there are no personal injury cases in which only Union Carbide and/or Amchem are the sole named defendants. For these reasons and based upon Union Carbide's litigation and settlement experience, Union Carbide does not consider the damages alleged against Union Carbide and Amchem to be a meaningful factor in its determination of any potential asbestos liability.

Estimating the Liability

Through the third quarter of 2002, Union Carbide had concluded it was not possible to estimate its cost of disposing of asbestos-related claims that might be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem in the future due to a number of reasons. During the third and fourth quarters of 2002, Union Carbide worked with Analysis, Research & Planning Corporation ("ARPC"), a consulting firm with broad experience in estimating resolution costs associated with mass tort litigation, including asbestos, to explore whether it would be possible to estimate the cost of disposing of pending and future asbestos-related claims that have been, and could reasonably be expected to be, filed against Union Carbide and Amchem. ARPC concluded that it was not possible to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem because of various uncertainties associated with the litigation of those claims. Despite its inability to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims, ARPC advised Union Carbide that it would be possible to determine an estimate of a reasonable forecast of the cost of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims likely to face Union Carbide and Amchem if certain assumptions were made. As a result, the following assumptions were made and then used by ARPC:

In the near term, the number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will be at
a level consistent with levels experienced immediately prior to 2001.
The number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will decline at a fairly
constant rate each year from 2003.
The average resolution value for pending and future claims will be equivalent to those experienced
during 2001 and 2002.

       Based on the resulting study completed by ARPC in January 2003, Union Carbide increased its December 31, 2002 asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims for the 15-year period ending in 2017 to $2.2 billion, excluding future defense and processing costs. Approximately 28 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 72 percent related to future claims.

       At each balance sheet date, Union Carbide compares current asbestos claim and resolution activity to the assumptions in the ARPC study to determine whether the accrual continues to be appropriate.

       In November 2003, Union Carbide requested ARPC to review Union Carbide's asbestos claim and resolution activity during 2003 and determine the appropriateness of updating the study. In response to that request, ARPC reviewed and analyzed data through November 25, 2003 to determine the number of asbestos-related filings and costs associated with 2003 activity. In January 2004, ARPC stated that an update at that time would not provide a more likely estimate of future events than that reflected in its study of the previous year and, therefore, the estimate in that study remained applicable. Based on Union Carbide's own review of the asbestos claim and resolution activity and ARPC's response, Union Carbide determined that no change to the accrual was required at December 31, 2003.

       In November 2004, Union Carbide again requested ARPC to review Union Carbide's historical asbestos claim and resolution activity and determine the appropriateness of updating the January 2003 study. In response to this request, ARPC reviewed and analyzed data through November 14, 2004, and again concluded that it was not possible to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem because of various uncertainties associated with the litigation of those claims. ARPC did advise Union Carbide, however, that it was reasonable and feasible to construct a new estimate of the cost to Union Carbide of resolving current and future asbestos-related claims using the same two widely used forecasting methodologies used by ARPC in its January 2003 study, if certain assumptions were made. As a result, the following assumptions were made and then used by ARPC:

The number of future claims to be filed annually against Union Carbide and Amchem is unlikely to
exceed the level of claims experienced during 2004.
The number of claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem annually from 2001 to 2003 is
considered anomalous for the purpose of estimating future filings.

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The number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will decline at a fairly
constant rate each year from 2005.
The average resolution value for pending and future claims will be equivalent to those experienced
during 2003 and 2004 (excluding settlements from closed claims filed in Madison County, Illinois
with respect to future claims, as those settlements are not considered to be relevant for predicting
the cost of resolving future claims).

       The resulting study completed by ARPC in January 2005 stated that the undiscounted cost to Union Carbide of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem, excluding future defense and processing costs, through 2017 was estimated to be between approximately $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion, depending on which of the two accepted methodologies was used. At December 31, 2004, Union Carbide's recorded asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims was $1.6 billion. Based on the low end of the range in the January 2005 study, Union Carbide's recorded asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims at December 31, 2004 would be sufficient to resolve asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem into 2019. As in its January 2003 study, ARPC did provide estimates for a longer period of time in its January 2005 study, but also reaffirmed its prior advice that forecasts for shorter periods of time are more accurate than those for longer periods of time.

       Union Carbide's asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims was $1.6 billion at December 31, 2004 and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, approximately 37 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 63 percent related to future claims. At December 31, 2003, approximately 33 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 67 percent related to future claims.

       Based on ARPC's January 2003 and January 2005 studies, Union Carbide's recent asbestos litigation experience, and the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and legislative reform efforts, Union Carbide's management determined that no change to the accrual was required at December 31, 2004.

Defense and Resolution Costs

The following table provides information regarding defense and resolution costs related to asbestos-related claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem:


Defense and Resolution Costs at December 31            
In millions     2004     2003     2002

Defense costs for the year   $ 86   $ 110   $ 92
Aggregate defense costs to date     344     258     148
Resolution costs for the year     300     293     155
Aggregate resolution costs to date     926     626     333

       The annual average resolution payment per asbestos claimant and the rate of new claim filings has fluctuated both up and down since the beginning of 2001. Union Carbide's management expects such fluctuations to continue in the future based upon the number and type of claims settled in a particular period, the jurisdictions in which such claims arose, and the extent to which any proposed legislative reform related to asbestos litigation is being considered. The average cost of resolving claims increased during 2004 due to the resolution of a large percentage of claims alleging mesothelioma as an illness and the resolution of a large percentage of claims from difficult jurisdictions. Additionally, Union Carbide found it advantageous to resolve a relatively large number of cases in 2004 that would normally not have been resolved until 2005, based on past practice.

Insurance Receivables

At December 31, 2002, Union Carbide increased the receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability to $1.35 billion, substantially exhausting its asbestos product liability coverage. Combined with the previously mentioned increase in the asbestos-related liability at December 31, 2002, this resulted in a net charge to Union Carbide's income statement of $828 million, $522 million on an after-tax basis, in the fourth quarter of 2002.

       The insurance receivable related to the asbestos liability was determined by Union Carbide after a thorough review of applicable insurance policies and the 1985 Wellington Agreement, to which Union Carbide and many of its liability insurers are signatory parties, as well as other insurance settlements, with due consideration given to applicable deductibles, retentions and policy limits, and taking into account the solvency and historical payment experience of various insurance carriers.

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       Union Carbide's receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability was $712 million at December 31, 2004 and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, $464 million of the receivable for insurance recoveries was related to insurers that are not signatories to the Wellington Agreement and/or do not otherwise have agreements in place regarding their asbestos-related insurance coverage.

       In addition, Union Carbide had receivables for defense and resolution costs submitted to insurance carriers for reimbursement as follows:


Receivables for Costs Submitted to Insurance Carriers
at December 31
     
In millions     2004     2003

Receivables for defense costs   $ 85   $ 94
Receivables for resolution costs     406     255

Total   $ 491   $ 349

       Union Carbide's insurance policies generally provide coverage for asbestos liability costs, including coverage for both resolution and defense costs. As previously noted, Union Carbide increased its receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability at December 31, 2002, thereby recording the full favorable income statement impact of its insurance coverage in 2002. Accordingly, defense and resolution costs recovered from insurers reduce Union Carbide's insurance receivable. Prior to increasing the insurance receivable related to the asbestos liability at December 31, 2002, the impact on Union Carbide's results of operations for defense costs was the amount of those costs not covered by insurance. Since Union Carbide expenses defense costs as incurred, defense costs for asbestos-related litigation (net of insurance) have impacted, and will continue to impact, results of operations. The pretax impact for defense and resolution costs, net of insurance, was $82 million in 2004, $94 million in 2003, and $9 million in 2002, and was reflected in "Cost of sales."

       In September 2003, Union Carbide filed a comprehensive insurance coverage case in the Circuit Court for Kanawha County in Charleston, West Virginia, seeking to confirm its rights to insurance for various asbestos claims (the "West Virginia action"). Although Union Carbide already has settlements in place concerning coverage for asbestos claims with many of its insurers, including those covered by the 1985 Wellington Agreement, this lawsuit was filed against insurers that are not signatories to the Wellington Agreement and/or do not otherwise have agreements in place with Union Carbide regarding their asbestos-related insurance coverage. Union Carbide continues to believe that its recorded receivable for insurance recoveries from all insurance carriers is collectible. Union Carbide reached this conclusion after a further review of its insurance policies, with due consideration given to applicable deductibles, retentions and policy limits, after taking into account the solvency and historical payment experience of various insurance carriers; existing insurance settlements; and the advice of outside counsel with respect to the applicable insurance coverage law relating to the terms and conditions of its insurance policies. In early 2004, several of the defendant insurers in the West Virginia action filed a competing action in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York. As a result of motion practice, the West Virginia action was dismissed in August 2004 on the basis of forum non conveniens (i.e., West Virginia is an inconvenient location for the parties). The comprehensive insurance coverage litigation is now proceeding in the New York courts.

Summary

The amounts recorded by Union Carbide for the asbestos-related liability and related insurance receivable described above were based upon current, known facts. However, projecting future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed and/or received each year, the average cost of disposing of each such claim, coverage issues among insurers, and the continuing solvency of various insurance companies, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation in the United States, could cause the actual costs and insurance recoveries for Union Carbide to be higher or lower than those projected or those recorded.

       Because of the uncertainties described above, Union Carbide's management cannot estimate the full range of the cost of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims facing Union Carbide and Amchem. Union Carbide's management believes that it is reasonably possible that the cost of disposing of Union Carbide's asbestos-related claims, including future defense costs, could have a material adverse impact on Union Carbide's results of operations and cash flows for a particular period and on the consolidated financial position of Union Carbide.

       It is the opinion of Dow's management that it is reasonably possible that the cost of Union Carbide disposing of its asbestos-related claims, including future defense costs, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations and cash flows for a particular period and on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

15


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART I, Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.


SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

No matter was submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2004.

EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT

Set forth below is information related to the Company's executive officers as of February 18, 2005.

ARNOLD A. ALLEMANG, 62. DOW SENIOR ADVISOR. DIRECTOR SINCE 1996. Employee of Dow since 1965. Manufacturing General Manager, Dow Benelux N.V.* 1992-93. Regional Vice President, Manufacturing and Administration, Dow Benelux N.V.* 1993. Vice President, Manufacturing Operations, Dow Europe GmbH* 1993-95. Dow Vice President and Director of Manufacturing and Engineering 1996-97. Dow Vice President, Operations 1997-2000. Executive Vice President 2000 to 2004. Director of Dow Corning Corporation*. Member of the Advisory Board for Kansas State University, College of Engineering; President's Circle of Sam Houston State University; American Chemical Society; Board of Directors for the National Association of Manufacturers; and National Action Counsel for Minorities in Engineering.

FRANK H. BROD, 50. DOW VICE PRESIDENT AND CONTROLLER. Employee of Dow since 1975. Controller, Essex Chemical Corporation* 1988-91. Financial Controller and Information Systems Director for Dow Chemical Company Limited* 1991-93. Financial & Statutory Controller 1993-95. Controller, Dow Europe GmbH* and Finance Director for Dow's Global Fabricated Products Business 1995-98. Global Accounting Director 1998-2000. Vice President and Controller, The Dow Chemical Company 2000 to date. Director of Dow Credit Corporation*; Dow Financial Holdings, Inc.*; Diamond Capital Management, Inc.*; Dow Hydrocarbons and Resources Inc.*; Liana Limited*; and Dow Global Technologies, Inc.* Board member, UOP LLC*. Chairman of the Committee on Corporate Reporting of Financial Executives International and a member of FEI's Board of Directors. Member of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Michigan Association of CPAs and Texas Society of CPAs. Director of Wolverine Bank, FSB. Member of Financial Accounting Standards Board's Emerging Issues Task Force and its Agenda Committee.

PHILLIP H. COOK, 57. DOW SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS AND THERMOSETS. Employee of Dow since 1970. Commercial Vice President for Dow-United Technologies Composite Products, Inc. (a former 50:50 joint venture of the Company) 1989-93. Global Business Manager for Epoxy Products 1993-95. Vice President, Business Development for Greater China 1995-98. Vice President and Global Business Director for ethylene dichloride, vinyl chloride monomer, chlorine, caustic soda and HCL 1998-2000. Global Business Vice President for Epoxy Products & Intermediates 2000-03. Senior Vice President, Performance Chemicals and Thermosets, 2003 to date. Member of the Board of Managers of UOP LLC* and Univation Technologies, LLC*. Member of the Visiting Committee of the Department of Chemical Engineering and member of the College of Engineering Foundation Advisory Council of The University of Texas at Austin. Director and member of Executive Committee of the National Paint & Coatings Association. Member of the Board of Directors for the Midland Country Club.

MICHAEL R. GAMBRELL, 51. DOW SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, CHEMICALS AND INTERMEDIATES. Employee of Dow since 1976. Business Director for the North America Chlor-Alkali Assets Business 1989-92. General Manager for the Plastic Lined Pipe Business 1992-94. Vice President of Operations for Latin America 1994-96. Corporate Director, Technology Centers and Global Process Engineering 1996-98. Global Business Director of the Chlor-Alkali Assets Business 1998-2000. Business Vice President for EDC/VCM & ECU Management 2000-03. Business Vice President for the Chlor-Vinyl Business 2003. Senior Vice President, Chemicals and Intermediates 2003 to date. Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Chlorine Chemistry Council and World Chlorine Council. Board member of MEGlobal*, the OPTIMAL Group* and Midland Chamber of Commerce. Recipient of the President's Distinguished Alumnus Award from Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology 1996.

16


CHARLES J. KALIL, 53. DOW CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL. Employee of Dow since 1980. General Counsel of Petrokemya (a former 50:50 joint venture of the Company) 1982-83. Regional Counsel to Middle East/Africa 1983-86. Senior Environmental Attorney 1986-87. Litigation Staff Counsel and Group Leader 1987-90. Senior Financial Law Counsel, Mergers and Acquisitions 1990-92. General Counsel and Area Director of Government and Public Affairs for Dow Latin America 1992-97. Special Counsel and Manager of INSITE legal issues 1997-2000. Assistant General Counsel for Corporate and Financial Law 2000-03. Associate General Counsel for Corporate Legal Affairs 2003-04. Dow Corporate Vice President and General Counsel November 2004 to date. U.S. Department of Justice – Assistant U.S. Attorney, Eastern District of Michigan 1977-80. Board member of Dorinco Reinsurance Company* and Liana Limited*. Member of Dow Private Equity Advisory Committee. Member of the American Bar Association, District of Columbia Bar and the State Bar of Michigan.

DAVID E. KEPLER, 52. CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT, SHARED SERVICES, AND CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER. Employee of Dow since 1975. Computer Services Manager of Dow U.S.A. Eastern Division 1984-88. Commercial Director of Dow Canada Performance Products 1989-91. Director of Pacific Area Information Systems 1991-93. Manager of Information Technology for Chemicals and Plastics 1993-94. Director of Global Information Systems Services 1994-95. Director of Global Information Application 1995-98. Vice President 1998-2000. Chief Information Officer 1998 to date. Corporate Vice President and responsible for eBusiness 2000 to date. Responsibility for Advanced Electronic Materials 2002-03. Responsibility for Shared Services – Customer Service, Information Systems, Purchasing, Six Sigma, Supply Chain, and Work Process Improvement – 2004 to date. Member of U.S. Chamber of Commerce Board of Directors, the American Chemical Society, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Leads the Chemical Sector Cybersecurity Information Sharing Forum.

ROMEO KREINBERG, 54. DOW SENIOR VICE PRESIDENT, PLASTICS. Employee of Dow since 1977. Business Operations Manager for Latex and New Ventures in the Corporate Product Department 1987-89. Regional Commercial Director for Dow Iberica 1989-90. Regional Commercial Director for the new unified German geography 1990-91. Management Board for Dow Deutschland GmbH* 1991-92. General Manager for Dow Italy and Vice President of Dow Europe GmbH* 1992-94. Vice President for Polyethylene and PET/PTA, Dow Europe 1994-95. Global Vice President for Polyethylene and PET/PTA 1995-2000. Business Group President for Polyolefins and Elastomers 2000-2003. Senior Vice President, Plastics 2003 to date. Board member of Oman Petrochemical Industries Company LLC*; PBBPolisur S.A.*; Univation Technologies, LLC*; and United States Council for International Business. Corporate sponsor of Dow's Asian Diversity Network.

ANDREW N. LIVERIS, 50. DOW PRESIDENT AND CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER. DIRECTOR SINCE 2004. Employee of Dow since 1976. General manager of Dow's Thailand operations 1989-92. Group business director for Emulsion Polymers and New Ventures 1992-93. General manager of Dow's start-up businesses in Environmental Services 1993-94. Vice President of Dow's start-up businesses in Environmental Services 1994-95. President of Dow Chemical Pacific Limited* 1995-98. Vice President of Specialty Chemicals 1998-2000. President of Performance Chemicals Business Group 2000-03. President and Chief Operating Officer November 2003 to November 2004. President and Chief Executive Officer November 2004 to date. Director of Dow Corning Corporation*. Member of the Board of Trustees of the Herbert H. and Grace A. Dow Foundation. Member of the Midland advisory board of Comerica Bank. Fellow of The Institute of Chemical Engineers.

RICHARD L. MANETTA, 60. DOW CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT AND SPECIAL COUNSEL TO THE CEO. Employee of Dow since 2001. Corporate Vice President and General Counsel July 2001 to November 2004. Corporate Vice President and Special Counsel to the CEO November 2004 to date. Ford Motor Company – Assistant General Counsel for Automotive Safety and Product Litigation 1989-1994, Assistant General Counsel for Discovery 1994-1999, Associate General Counsel for Litigation 1999-2000, Deputy General Counsel & Director of Regulatory Compliance 2000-July 2001. Member of the American Bar Association and the Michigan State Bar. Lifetime member of The Fellows of the Michigan State Bar Foundation. Recipient of the National Bar Association's Presidential Award in 2000, the Wolverine Bar Association Award in 2001, and the State of Michigan's Access to Justice Award in 2003.

17



J. PEDRO REINHARD, 59. DOW EXECUTIVE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. DIRECTOR SINCE 1995. Employee of Dow since 1970. Dow Brazil Area Finance Director 1978-81. Dow Europe GmbH* Finance Director 1981-85. Managing Director, Dow Italy 1985-88. Dow Treasurer 1988-96, Vice President 1990-95, Financial Vice President 1995-96, Chief Financial Officer 1995 to date, Executive Vice President 1996 to date. Chairman of the Members Committee, Dow AgroSciences LLC*. Director of Dow Corning Corporation*, Royal Bank of Canada, The Coca-Cola Company and Sigma-Aldrich Corporation. Advisory Board member of Swiss Re America Holding Corporation. Member of the Financial Executives International and The Conference Board's Council of Financial Executives.

LUCIANO RESPINI, 58, CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT, GEOGRAPHY, MARKETING AND SALES, HUMAN RESOURCES, AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS. Corporate responsibility for Diversity and Inclusion. Employee of Dow since 1965. President of Dow Europe GmbH* 1998 to 2004. Member of the Board of Sulzer AG, CEFIC (European Chemical Industry Council) and member of the Editorial Board of ECN (European Chemical News).

FERNANDO RUIZ, 49. DOW VICE PRESIDENT AND TREASURER. Employee of Dow since 1980. Treasurer, Ecuador Region 1982-84. Treasurer, Mexico Region 1984-88. Financial Operations Manager, Corporate Treasury 1988-91. Assistant Treasurer, USA Area 1991-92. Senior Finance Manager, Corporate Treasury 1992-96. Assistant Treasurer, The Dow Chemical Company 1996-2001. Corporate Director of Insurance and Risk Management 2001. President and Chief Executive Officer, Liana Limited* and Dorinco Reinsurance Company* 2001 to date. Vice President and Treasurer, The Dow Chemical Company, 2001 to date. President of Dow Credit Corporation* 2001 to date. Director of Dow Financial Services Inc.* and EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C.* Member of Financial Executives International, the Midland Economic Development Council, Citibank's Customer Advisory Board and Michigan State University (Eli Broad College of Business) Advisory Board.

GARY R. VEURINK, 54. CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT, MANUFACTURING AND ENGINEERING. Employee of Dow since 1972. Global Manufacturing Director for Engineering Plastics 1995-98. Vice President, Global Purchasing, 1998-2000. Site Director for Michigan Operations and Business Operations Director for Performance Chemicals 2000-04. Business operations leader and Vice President of Manufacturing and Engineering for the Chemicals and Intermediates portfolio during 2004. Recipient of Outstanding Alumnus Award of the South Dakota School of Mines and Technology and member of the Academic Advisory Board. President and Executive Council member of the Lake Huron Area Council of the Boy Scouts of America. Member of Board of Trustees of the Michigan Chapter of the Nature Conservancy.

LAWRENCE J. WASHINGTON, JR., 59. DOW CORPORATE VICE PRESIDENT, SUSTAINABILITY, ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH & SAFETY. Employee of Dow since 1969. General Manager, Western Division 1987-90. Vice President, Dow North America, and General Manager of the Michigan Division 1990-94. Vice President, Human Resources 1994 to 2004. Vice President, Public Affairs 1997 to 2004. Director of Chemical Bank and Trust Company, Liana Limited* and Dorinco Reinsurance Company*. Trustee of The Keystone Center. Member of the National Advisory Board for Michigan Technological University and the Advisory Council, College of Engineering and Science, University of Detroit Mercy.

* A number of Company entities are referenced in the biographies and are defined as follows. (Some of these entities have had various names over the years. The names and relationships to the Company, unless otherwise indicated, are stated in this footnote as they existed as of February 18, 2005.) The OPTIMAL Group – comprised of companies ultimately 23.75 to 50 percent owned by Dow. EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C. – a company ultimately 45 percent owned by Dow. Dow Corning Corporation; MEGlobal; Oman Petrochemical Industries Company LLC; Univation Technologies, LLC; and UOP LLC – companies ultimately 50 percent owned by Dow. Diamond Capital Management, Inc.; Dorinco Reinsurance Company; Dow AgroSciences LLC; Dow Benelux N.V.; Dow Chemical Company Limited; Dow Chemical Pacific Limited; Dow Credit Corporation; Dow Deutschland GmbH; Dow Europe GmbH; Dow Financial Holdings, Inc.; Dow Financial Services Inc.; Dow Hydrocarbons and Resources Inc.; Dow Global Technologies, Inc.; Essex Chemical Corporation; Liana Limited; and PBBPolisur S.A. – all ultimately wholly owned subsidiaries of Dow. Ownership by Dow described above may be either direct or indirect.

18


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II, Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related
Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.


MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The principal market for the Company's common stock is the New York Stock Exchange.

       Quarterly market and dividend information can be found at the end of Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data, following the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

       At December 31, 2004, there were 108,260 registered common stockholders. The Company estimates that there were an additional 396,000 stockholders whose shares were held in nominee names at December 31, 2004. At January 31, 2005, there were 108,620 registered common stockholders.

       On February 10, 2005, the Board of Directors announced a quarterly dividend of $0.335 per share, payable April 29, 2005, to stockholders of record on March 31, 2005. Since 1912, the Company has paid a cash dividend every quarter and, in each instance, Dow has maintained or increased the amount of the dividend, adjusted for stock splits. During that 92-year period, Dow has increased the amount of the quarterly dividend 45 times (approximately 12 percent of the time) and maintained the amount of the quarterly dividend approximately 88 percent of the time. The Company declared dividends of $1.34 per share in 2004, 2003 and 2002.

       See Part III, Item 11. Executive Compensation for information relating to the Company's equity compensation plans.

       On August 3, 1999, the Board of Directors terminated its 1997 authorization which allowed the Company to repurchase shares of Dow common stock. Since that time, the only shares purchased by the Company are those shares received from employees and non-employee directors to pay taxes owed as a result of the exercise of stock options or the delivery of stock grants. See Note O to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information regarding the Company's stock compensation plans.

19


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data


In millions, except as noted        (Unaudited)

 

 

2004

 

 

2003

 

 

2002

 

 

2001

 

 

2000

Summary of Operations (1)                              
  Net sales (2)   $ 40,161   $ 32,632   $ 27,609   $ 28,075   $ 29,798
  Cost of sales (2)     34,244     28,177     23,780     23,892     24,310
  Research and development expenses     1,022     981     1,066     1,072     1,119
  Selling, general and administrative expenses     1,436     1,392     1,598     1,765     1,825
  Amortization of intangibles     81     63     65     178     139
  Purchased in-process research and development charges                 69     6
  Special charges, merger-related expenses, and restructuring     (20 )       280     1,487    
  Asbestos-related charge             828        
  Other income     1,059     468     94     423     706
  Interest expense – net     661     736     708     648     519

  Income (Loss) before income taxes and minority interests     3,796     1,751     (622 )   (613 )   2,586
  Provision (Credit) for income taxes     877     (82 )   (280 )   (228 )   839
  Minority interests' share in income     122     94     63     32     72
  Preferred stock dividends                    

  Income (Loss) from continuing operations     2,797     1,739     (405 )   (417 )   1,675
  Discontinued operations net of income taxes                    
  Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles         (9 )   67     32    

  Net income (loss) available for common stockholders   $ 2,797   $ 1,730   $ (338 ) $ (385 ) $ 1,675

  Per share of common stock (in dollars): (3)                              
    Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – basic   $ 2.98   $ 1.89   $ (0.44 ) $ (0.46 ) $ 1.88
    Earnings (Loss) per common share – basic     2.98     1.88     (0.37 )   (0.43 )   1.88
    Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – diluted     2.93     1.88     (0.44 )   (0.46 )   1.85
    Earnings (Loss) per common share – diluted     2.93     1.87     (0.37 )   (0.43 )   1.85
    Cash dividends declared per share of common stock     1.34     1.34     1.34     1.295     1.16
    Cash dividends paid per share of common stock     1.34     1.34     1.34     1.25     1.16
    Book value per share of common stock     12.88     9.89     8.36     11.04     13.22
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic (3)     940.1     918.8     910.5     901.8     893.2
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (3)     953.8     926.1     910.5     901.8     904.5
  Convertible preferred shares outstanding                    

Year-end Financial Position                              
  Total assets   $ 45,885   $ 41,891   $ 39,562   $ 35,515   $ 35,991
  Working capital     5,384     3,578     2,519     2,183     1,150
  Property – gross     41,898     40,812     37,934     35,890     34,852
  Property – net     13,828     14,217     13,797     13,579     13,711
  Long-term debt and redeemable preferred stock     11,629     11,763     11,659     9,266     6,613
  Total debt     12,594     13,109     13,036     10,883     9,450
  Net stockholders' equity     12,270     9,175     7,626     9,993     11,840

Financial Ratios                              
  Research and development expenses as percent of net sales (1, 2)     2.5%     3.0%     3.9%     3.8%     3.8%
  Income (Loss) before income taxes and minority interests as percent of net sales (1, 2)     9.5%     5.4%     (2.3)%     (2.2)%     8.7%
  Return on stockholders' equity (4)     22.8%     18.9%     (4.4)%     (3.9)%     14.1%
  Debt as a percent of total capitalization     47.9%     55.4%     59.2%     48.9%     42.5%

General                              
  Capital expenditures   $ 1,333   $ 1,100   $ 1,623   $ 1,587   $ 1,808
  Depreciation (1)     1,904     1,753     1,680     1,595     1,554
  Salaries and wages paid     3,993     3,608     3,202     3,215     3,395
  Cost of employee benefits     885     783     611     540     486
  Number of employees at year-end (thousands)     43.2     46.4     50.0     52.7     53.3
  Number of Dow stockholders of record at year-end (thousands) (5)     108.3     113.1     122.5     125.1     87.9

    (1)
    Restated for the sale of the pharmaceutical businesses in 1995.

    (2)
    Adjusted for reclassification of freight on sales in 2000 and reclassification of insurance operations in 2002.

    (3)
    Adjusted for 3-for-1 stock split in 2000.

    (4)
    Included Temporary Equity in 1994-1999.

    (5)
    Stockholders of record as reported by the transfer agent. The Company estimates that there were an additional 396,000 stockholders whose shares were held in nominee names at December 31, 2004.

20


      The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
      PART II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data (Continued)


In millions, except as noted        (Unaudited)

 

 

1999

 

 

1998

 

 

1997

 

 

1996

 

 

1995

 

 

1994

Summary of Operations (1)                                    
  Net sales (2)   $ 26,131   $ 25,396   $ 27,814   $ 27,267   $ 27,140   $ 22,634
  Cost of sales (2)     20,422     19,566     20,961     19,981     18,702     17,036
  Research and development expenses     1,075     1,026     990     962     997     960
  Selling, general and administrative expenses     1,776     1,964     2,168     2,426     2,543     2,267
  Amortization of intangibles     160     106     80     58     52     57
  Purchased in-process research and development charges     6     349                
  Special charges, merger-related expenses, and restructuring     94     458                
  Asbestos-related charge                        
  Other income     424     1,166     657     523     200     180
  Interest expense – net     432     458     355     246     211     342

  Income (Loss) before income taxes and minority interests     2,590     2,635     3,917     4,117     4,835     2,152
  Provision (Credit) for income taxes     874     902     1,320     1,423     1,822     791
  Minority interests' share in income     74     20     113     194     197     200
  Preferred stock dividends     5     6     13     17     17     17

  Income (Loss) from continuing operations     1,637     1,707     2,471     2,483     2,799     1,144
  Discontinued operations net of income taxes                     187     166
  Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles     (20 )       (17 )          

  Net income (loss) available for common stockholders   $ 1,617   $ 1,707   $ 2,454   $ 2,483   $ 2,986   $ 1,310

Per share of common stock (in dollars): (3)                                    
  Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – basic   $ 1.87   $ 1.92   $ 2.72   $ 2.61   $ 2.73   $ 1.07
  Earnings (Loss) per common share – basic     1.85     1.92     2.71     2.61     2.91     1.22
  Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – diluted     1.84     1.89     2.63     2.51     2.62     1.04
  Earnings (Loss) per common share – diluted     1.82     1.89     2.61     2.51     2.80     1.19
  Cash dividends declared per share of common stock     1.16     1.16     1.12     1.00     0.97     0.87
  Cash dividends paid per share of common stock     1.16     1.16     1.08     1.00     0.93     0.87
  Book value per share of common stock     12.40     11.34     11.17     10.95     10.09     9.20
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic (3)     874.9     888.1     898.4     950.1     1,025.8     1,069.8
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted (3)     893.5     904.8     936.2     997.2     1,073.4     1,117.6
  Convertible preferred shares outstanding     1.3     1.4     1.4     27.3     27.6     27.9

Year-end Financial Position                                    
  Total assets   $ 33,456   $ 31,121   $ 31,004   $ 31,219   $ 29,838   $ 31,573
  Working capital     2,848     1,570     1,925     4,799     6,234     2,580
  Property – gross     33,333     32,844     31,052     30,896     29,575     29,099
  Property – net     13,011     12,628     11,832     11,893     10,921     11,268
  Long-term debt and redeemable preferred stock     6,941     5,890     5,703     5,770     6,067     6,268
  Total debt     8,708     8,099     8,145     7,067     6,726     7,524
  Net stockholders' equity     10,940     9,878     9,974     10,068     9,406     9,721

Financial Ratios                                    
  Research and development expenses as percent of net sales (1, 2)     4.1%     4.0%     3.6%     3.5%     3.7%     4.2%
  Income (Loss) before income taxes and minority interests as percent of net sales (1, 2)     9.9%     10.4%     14.1%     15.1%     17.8%     9.5%
  Return on stockholders' equity (4)     14.7%     17.2%     24.5%     24.5%     30.5%     13.4%
  Debt as a percent of total capitalization     42.2%     43.6%     43.1%     36.5%     36.7%     37.9%

General                                    
  Capital expenditures   $ 2,176   $ 2,328   $ 1,953   $ 2,065   $ 1,959   $ 1,592
  Depreciation (1)     1,516     1,559     1,529     1,552     1,661     1,484
  Salaries and wages paid     3,536     3,579     3,640     3,645     3,475     3,980
  Cost of employee benefits     653     798     839     875     854     989
  Number of employees at year-end (thousands)     51.0     50.7     55.9     52.0     51.0     65.7
  Number of Dow stockholders of record at year-end (thousands) (5)     87.7     93.0     97.2     104.6     111.1     114.5

    (1)
    Restated for the sale of the pharmaceutical businesses in 1995.

    (2)
    Adjusted for reclassification of freight on sales in 2000 and reclassification of insurance operations in 2002.

    (3)
    Adjusted for 3-for-1 stock split in 2000.

    (4)
    Included Temporary Equity in 1994-1999.

    (5)
    Stockholders of record as reported by the transfer agent. The Company estimates that there were an additional 396,000 stockholders whose shares were held in nominee names at December 31, 2004.

21


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II, Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operation.


 
Page
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation 22
  2004 Overview 23
  Results of Operation 24
  Segment Results 28
      Performance Plastics 28
      Performance Chemicals 30
      Agricultural Sciences 31
      Plastics 32
      Chemicals 34
      Hydrocarbons and Energy 35
      Sales Price and Volume Chart (Percent change from prior year) 36
  Liquidity and Capital Resources 36
  Cash Flow 36
  Working Capital 37
  Debt 37
  Contractual Obligations 38
  Variable Interest Entities 39
  Capital Expenditures 39
  Dividends 39
Critical Accounting Policies 40
Environmental Matters 43
Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation 45

   
   

FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION

The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 provides a "safe harbor" for forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of The Dow Chemical Company and its subsidiaries ("Dow" or the "Company"). This section covers the current performance and outlook of the Company and each of its operating segments. The forward-looking statements contained in this section and in other parts of this document involve risks and uncertainties that may affect the Company's operations, markets, products, services, prices and other factors as more fully discussed elsewhere and in filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, economic, competitive, legal, governmental and technological factors. Accordingly, there is no assurance that the Company's expectations will be realized. The Company assumes no obligation to provide revisions to any forward-looking statements should circumstances change, except as otherwise required by securities and other applicable laws.

ABOUT DOW

Dow is a diversified, worldwide manufacturer of more than 3,300 basic and performance chemical, plastic, and agricultural products that serve numerous consumer markets, including food, transportation, health and medicine, personal and home care, and building and construction. Dow is the largest U.S. producer of chemicals and plastics, in terms of sales, with total sales of $40 billion in 2004. The Company conducts its worldwide operations through global businesses, which are reported in six operating segments: Performance Plastics, Performance Chemicals, Agricultural Sciences, Plastics, Chemicals, and Hydrocarbons and Energy.

       In 2004, the Company sold its products and services to customers in 175 countries throughout the world. Forty-two percent of the Company's sales were to customers in North America; 36 percent were in Europe; while the remaining 22 percent were to customers in Asia Pacific and Latin America. The Company employs approximately 43,000 people and has a broad, global reach with 165 manufacturing sites in 37 countries.

22


2004 OVERVIEW

Building on the Company's 2003 results, 2004 was a year of significant progress for Dow. Continued global economic growth drove higher demand for chemicals and plastics, tightening industry supply/demand balances and providing support for margin expansion (i.e., the increase in the spread between selling prices and feedstock costs). The benefits of better industry fundamentals were supplemented by the Company's actions to improve its earnings and financial strength, including:

Managing prices to restore margins, without sacrificing volume
Institutionalizing the reduction in structural costs achieved in 2003
Maintaining a disciplined approach to capital spending and working capital management
Shutting down underutilized or non-competitive facilities
Divesting non-strategic assets

       As a result of these actions, sales increased 23 percent to $40 billion, establishing a new sales record for the Company. Prices rose 17 percent, with substantial increases in all operating segments and all geographic areas. Volume grew 6 percent, reflecting a healthy demand for Dow products worldwide. Feedstock and energy costs remained high and volatile, increasing by over $3.4 billion, or 28 percent, compared with 2003. Despite this increase in costs, the improvement in Dow's product prices resulted in an expansion in margin of $2 billion, restoring a portion of previously lost margin. Because of improving industry conditions and Dow's drive to raise prices, over the past two years the Company has recovered roughly one-third of the $8.9 billion in margin lost between 1995 and 2002.

       The Company continued its focus on controlling expenses. Research and development, and selling, general and administrative expenses fell to 6.1 percent of sales, the lowest percentage in the Company's history. Total structural costs (such as labor, materials and supplies, purchased services and travel costs) were flat with 2003, after adjusting for the impact of currency. The Company reduced its workforce by more than 3,100 people, almost 7 percent. Over the past two years, the Company has reduced its workforce by 13.5 percent.

       Capital spending in 2004 was held to the target level of $1.3 billion, $571 million below the level of depreciation, without sacrificing the efficiency, safety and environmental performance of Dow's manufacturing facilities. As discussed in Environmental Matters, the Company's key environmental and safety measures continued to improve in 2004.

       While the substantial increase in sales resulted in a $1.9 billion increase in working capital, the Company maintained tight control of working capital ratios, reducing days-sales-outstanding-in-receivables from 42 days to 40 days, and holding days-sales-in-inventory at 57 days, slightly higher than the 56 days reached at the end of 2003. Inventories built in late 2004 will meet customer demand during planned maintenance activity and plant outages in early 2005.

       During 2004, the Company shut down 12 small, non-competitive facilities. In most instances, production was or will be shifted to more efficient facilities; in a few cases, the Company decided to exit a business because of inadequate financial returns.

       In February 2004, Dow acquired the acrylates business of Celanese AG. This acquisition positioned the Company's existing acrylics activities into a complete, integrated acrylics chain, establishing Dow as a major presence in higher value, less cyclical, downstream markets.

       Dow completed two major divestitures in June 2004, tied to the formation of strategic joint ventures with Petrochemical Industries Company ("PIC") of Kuwait. The Company sold a 50 percent interest in its Canadian ethylene glycol ("EG") assets as part of the formation of MEGlobal. This 50:50 joint venture manufactures and markets EG globally, and markets excess EG produced at Dow's plants in the United States and Europe, as well as EG from EQUATE Petrochemical Company K.S.C. ("EQUATE") and the OPTIMAL Group ("OPTIMAL"), two of the Company's existing joint ventures. The Company sold a 50 percent interest in its polyethylene terephthalate/purified terephthalic acid ("PET"/"PTA") business as part of the formation of Equipolymers, a 50:50 joint venture that manufactures and markets PET globally. The Company recorded a pretax gain of $563 million on the sale of the EG assets and PET/PTA business in the second quarter of 2004. These transactions, which resulted in cash proceeds of $845 million, allowed the Company to capture a portion of the future value of these businesses while retaining a share of the earnings potential of EG and PET. The formation of these joint ventures was designed to shift the future asset base for these products to a region with low-cost feedstocks and improve the Company's ability to serve its global customers, particularly those in the fast-growing Asian region. See Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

       Separately, Dow divested its DERAKANE epoxy vinyl ester resin business to Ashland Specialty Chemical in December 2004, recording a pretax gain of $90 million in the fourth quarter. Because of changes in the competitive environment, continued successful participation in this business would have required investment in areas outside of Dow's core capabilities.

23


       As a result of these actions and improved industry conditions, Dow substantially increased earnings and reduced net debt in 2004.

Diluted earnings per common share were $2.93 in 2004 (including the net favorable impact of restructuring activities, the gain on the sale of the DERAKANE business, and tax valuation adjustments, which totaled $0.22 per share) compared with $1.87 in 2003 (which included tax valuation adjustments equivalent to $0.49 per share).
Total debt was reduced $515 million. The ratio of debt to total capitalization was 47.9 percent at the end of 2004, down from 55.4 percent at the end of 2003.

       For 2005, the Company expects that continued global economic growth will further improve chemical industry demand, thereby tightening industry supply/demand balances. However, the high and volatile feedstock and energy costs that have characterized this industry for the past two years are expected to continue, which is why Dow will continue to focus on financial discipline, lowering the total cost to serve customers and price/volume management in order to further improve financial performance in 2005.

RESULTS OF OPERATION

Dow's sales rose to a new record high of $40.2 billion in 2004, up 23 percent compared with sales of $32.6 billion in 2003. Sales were $27.6 billion in 2002. Compared with last year, prices improved 17 percent and volume grew 6 percent. For 2004, prices were up in all operating segments and all geographic areas due to improved industry fundamentals, the continuing increase in feedstock and energy costs, and the favorable impact of currency in Europe, which accounted for approximately 4 percent of the increase in sales. The increase in volume in 2004 reflected an improvement in economic conditions, with volume growth in all operating segments, except Hydrocarbons and Energy, and in all geographic areas. In 2003, sales grew 18 percent, as prices rose 14 percent and volume grew 4 percent, compared with 2002. The increase in prices, which was driven by increasing feedstock and energy costs and the favorable impact of currency in Europe (which accounted for approximately 6 percent of the increase in sales), was broad-based as prices improved across all businesses and in all geographic areas. The increase in volume in 2003 reflected an improvement in economic conditions. See Sales Price and Volume table on page 36 for details regarding the change in sales.

CHART CHART

       Sales in the United States accounted for 37 percent of total sales in 2004, compared with 39 percent in 2003 and 41 percent in 2002. Sales and other information by operating segment and geographic area are provided in Note U to the Consolidated Financial Statements. See Segment Results for a narrative discussion of results for each of the operating segments.

       Gross margin for 2004 was $5,917 million, compared with $4,455 million in 2003 and $3,829 million in 2002. Compared with last year, gross margin improved $1,462 million in 2004, as the increase in selling prices of $5.4 billion (including the favorable impact of currency), as well as volume growth and the impact of improved operating rates, more than offset an increase of $3.4 billion in feedstock and energy costs and the negative impact of currency on costs. Gross margin for 2003 improved $626 million from 2002, as higher selling prices of $4.0 billion, volume growth and improved operating rates, more than offset an increase of $2.7 billion in feedstock and energy costs and the negative impact of currency on costs.

       Dow's global plant operating rate for its chemicals and plastics businesses was 88 percent of capacity in 2004, up from 82 percent of capacity in 2003 and 78 percent in 2002. Operating rates continued to improve in 2004 as the Company increased run rates to support increasing demand, reflecting improved economic conditions around the world. The lower operating rate in 2002 reflected a slowdown in production at several of the Company's plants, in an effort to manage inventory levels. Depreciation expense was $1,904 million in 2004, compared with $1,753 million in 2003 and $1,680 million in 2002.

24


CHART

       Personnel count was 43,203 at December 31, 2004; 46,372 at December 31, 2003; and 49,959 at December 31, 2002. In 2004, headcount continued to decline as the Company remained focused on improving organizational efficiency and financial performance. The decline in headcount in 2003 was the direct result of the Company's Action Plan initiated in early 2003 and attrition.

       Operating expenses (research and development, and selling, general and administrative expenses) totaled $2,458 million in 2004, up 4 percent from $2,373 million in 2003, but down 8 percent from $2,664 million in 2002. Research and development ("R&D") expenses were $1,022 million in 2004, compared with $981 million in 2003 and $1,066 million in 2002. The increase in R&D expenses in 2004 was primarily due to higher spending on growth initiatives, especially in the Agricultural Sciences segment, and the start-up of two pilot plants in the Plastics segment. Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses were $1,436 million in 2004, up from $1,392 million in 2003, but down 10 percent from $1,598 million in 2002. SG&A expenses rose in 2004 primarily due to an increase in the allowance for doubtful receivables (reflecting the higher level of sales), higher fringe benefits, higher pension and medical expenses, and the negative impact of currency on expenses. SG&A expenses were 4 percent of sales in 2004 and 2003, down from 6 percent of sales in 2002.

CHART CHART

       The following table illustrates the relative size of the primary components of total production costs and operating expenses of Dow. More information about each of these components can be found in other sections of Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation, Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements, and Part II, Item 6. Selected Financial Data.


Production Costs and Operating Expenses                
Cost components as a percent of total   2004   2003   2002    

Hydrocarbon feedstocks and energy   43 % 36 % 29 %  
Salaries, wages and employee benefits   13   14   14    
Maintenance   3   4   4    
Depreciation   5   6   6    
Merger-related expenses, restructuring, and asbestos-related charge       4    
Supplies, services and other raw materials   36   40   43    

Total   100 % 100 % 100 %  

       Amortization of intangibles was $81 million in 2004, $63 million in 2003 and $65 million in 2002. The increase in amortization in 2004 was primarily due to the first quarter write-off of goodwill associated with Hampshire Chemical's manufacturing facility in Nashua, New Hampshire, that produces HAMPOSYL surfactants. In the first quarter of 2004, the Company made the decision to discontinue production of HAMPOSYL surfactants and as a result, wrote off goodwill of $13 million associated with this line of business in the Performance Chemicals segment. The manufacturing facility for this line of business was shut down in the third quarter of 2004; demolition of the facility is underway and is expected to be

25



complete in 2005. During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company performed impairment tests for goodwill in conjunction with its annual planning and budgeting process. As a result of this review, it was determined that no goodwill impairments existed. See Notes F and H to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding goodwill and other intangible assets.

       In the second quarter of 2004, the Company recorded a net pretax gain of $20 million related to restructuring activities. The net impact of these transactions, shown as "Restructuring net gain" in the consolidated statements of income, included gains totaling $563 million related to the divestiture of assets in conjunction with the formation of two new joint ventures, MEGlobal and Equipolymers, substantially offset by asset impairments of $99 million related to the future sale or shutdown of facilities; the recognition of a liability of $148 million associated with a loan guarantee for Cargill Dow LLC ("Cargill Dow"), reflected in Unallocated and Other; and employee-related restructuring charges of $296 million, reflected in Unallocated and Other. The gain related to MEGlobal was $439 million and was reflected in the Chemicals segment. The gain for Equipolymers was $124 million and was reflected in the Plastics segment. The employee-related restructuring charges included severance of $225 million for a workforce reduction of 2,455 people and curtailment costs of $71 million associated with Dow's defined benefit plans. For additional information, see Notes B and C to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

       During 2002, the Company recorded merger and integration costs of $41 million and additional merger-related severance of $66 million. "Merger-related expenses and restructuring" also included the following charges in 2002: severance of $5 million related to a workforce reduction at Dow AgroSciences; and asset write-downs and impairments of $131 million and severance of $37 million related to restructuring activities undertaken by the Company following the appointment of a new President and CEO in late 2002. See Notes B and F to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

       In the fourth quarter of 2002, following the completion of a study to estimate the cost of resolving pending and potential future asbestos-related claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem Products, Inc., the amount recorded for asbestos-related liabilities was increased to $2.2 billion, resulting in a charge of $828 million after recording related insurance receivables. See Legal Proceedings, Critical Accounting Policies, Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation, and Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

       Dow's share of the earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates in 2004 was $923 million, up substantially from $322 million in 2003 and $40 million in 2002. Compared with last year, equity earnings increased primarily due to stronger results from EQUATE, OPTIMAL, Dow Corning Corporation ("Dow Corning"), Siam Polyethylene Company Limited, DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. ("DDE"), and UOP LLC ("UOP"). In addition to these improvements, results for MEGlobal and Equipolymers were included in equity earnings for the first time in the third quarter of 2004. Equity earnings for 2004 also included the favorable impact of the recognition of investment tax allowances by one of the Company's joint ventures. Equity earnings in 2003 increased from 2002 primarily due to stronger results from EQUATE, OPTIMAL, Dow Corning, Compañía Mega S.A., and Univation Technologies, LLC, partially offset by a decline in results from DDE. Equity earnings in 2002 were negatively impacted by three items: Dow's $10 million share of a restructuring charge recorded by UOP, reflected in the Performance Plastics segment; Dow's $8 million share of a restructuring charge recorded by DDE, reflected in the Plastics segment; and goodwill impairment losses of $16 million related to investments in nonconsolidated affiliates, reflected in Unallocated and Other.

       Sundry income – net includes a variety of income and expense items such as the gain or loss on foreign currency exchange, dividends from investments, and gains and losses on sales of investments and assets. Sundry income for 2004 was $136 million, compared with $146 million in 2003 and $54 million in 2002. Sundry income for 2004 included a gain of $90 million on the sale of the DERAKANE epoxy vinyl ester resin business (reflected in the Performance Plastics segment) and a loss of approximately $30 million on the sale of assets in the first quarter (reflected in Unallocated and Other). Sundry income in 2003 included several small gains on sales of non-strategic assets, including a gain of $47 million on the sale of several product lines of Amerchol Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary (reflected in the Performance Chemicals segment), and the favorable impact of foreign currency exchange versus 2002, primarily due to the devaluation of the Argentine peso in the first quarter of 2002. Sundry income in 2002 included a gain of $63 million on the sale of the Company's share in Oasis Pipe Line Company in the fourth quarter (reflected in the Hydrocarbons and Energy segment).

       Net interest expense (interest expense less capitalized interest and interest income) was $661 million in 2004, down from $736 million in 2003 and $708 million in 2002. Interest income was $86 million in 2004, compared with $92 million in 2003 and $66 million in 2002. Interest income was higher in 2004 and 2003, compared with 2002, reflecting higher levels of cash and cash equivalents. Interest expense (net of capitalized interest) and amortization of debt discount totaled $747 million in 2004, $828 million in 2003 and $774 million in 2002. Compared with last year, interest expense declined primarily due to a reduction in total debt. Interest expense for 2003 was up versus 2002 due to higher levels of total debt in 2003.

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       Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interests ("profit before tax") was $3,796 million, up significantly from $1,751 million in 2003 and a loss of $622 million in 2002. In 2004, selling prices rose $5.4 billion (including the favorable impact of currency on sales), volume grew 6 percent overall and equity earnings improved significantly, as previously discussed, offsetting the unfavorable impact of higher feedstock and energy costs of $3.4 billion and the negative impact of currency on costs, resulting in a substantial improvement in profit before tax. In 2003, selling prices rose $4.0 billion (including the favorable impact of currency on sales), volume improved and the Company further reduced structural costs. These combined improvements more than offset the impact of higher feedstock and energy costs of $2.7 billion and the negative impact of currency on costs, resulting in a significant improvement in earnings. Profit before tax in 2003 was further improved by increases in equity earnings and sundry income.

       The provision for income taxes was $877 million in 2004 versus a credit for income taxes of $82 million in 2003 and a credit of $280 million in 2002. In the fourth quarter of 2004, the Company's provision for income taxes was reduced by tax benefits of $146 million related to the revised estimate of the future utilization of operating loss carryforwards in Argentina, Italy and Brazil ($101 million) and the impact of a legislated decrease in the tax rate in The Netherlands on deferred tax liabilities ($45 million). In 2003, the Company's provision for income taxes was reduced by tax benefits of $454 million related to the utilization of foreign tax credits ($114 million), which had previously been reserved and would have otherwise expired, and revised estimates regarding the future utilization of operating loss carryforwards in Germany ($340 million related to the reversal of Dow Olefinverbund GmbH's [formerly Buna Sow Leuna Olefinverbund ("BSL")] valuation allowance). Dow's effective tax rate for 2004 was 27 percent, excluding the impact of the tax benefits of $146 million, compared with 21.2 percent in 2003, excluding the impact of the tax benefits of $454 million, and 45 percent (credit) in 2002. The Company's effective tax rate fluctuates based on, among other factors, where income is earned and the level of income relative to tax credits available. The effective tax rates for 2004 and 2003 declined due to a higher percentage of foreign sourced income compared with 2002 and stronger earnings from a number of the Company's joint ventures. Since most of the earnings from the equity companies are taxed at the joint venture level, the impact of higher equity earnings has reduced Dow's overall effective tax rate. The 2002 tax rate was impacted by an increase in the valuation allowance of $350 million, primarily due to an increase in the valuation allowance for U.S. foreign tax credits of $114 million and the recording of valuation allowances against tax loss carryforwards in Argentina and Brazil of $192 million. The underlying factors affecting Dow's overall effective tax rates are summarized in Note T to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

       Minority interests' share of net income in 2004 was $122 million, up from $94 million in 2003 and $63 million in 2002. The increase in minority interest in the last two years was primarily due to improved results at PBBPolisur S.A.

       Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles included an after-tax charge of $9 million related to the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standard ("SFAS") No. 143, "Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations" in 2003 and an after-tax transition adjustment gain of $67 million related to the adoptions of SFAS No. 141, "Business Combinations" and SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets" in 2002. See Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding changes in accounting principles.

       Net income (loss) available for common stockholders was $2,797 million in 2004 (earnings of $2.93 per share), compared with $1,730 million in 2003 (earnings of $1.87 per share) and a net loss of $338 million in 2002 (a loss of $0.37 per share).

CHART

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       The following table summarizes the impact of certain items recorded in 2004, 2003 and 2002:


 
      Pretax
Impact
(1)
    Impact on
Net Income
(2)
    Impact on
EPS
(3)
 
   
 
 
 
In millions, except per share amounts     2004   2003     2002     2004     2003     2002     2004     2003     2002  

 
Restructuring net gain:                                                      
  Employee-related restructuring charges   $ (296 )       $ (200 )         $ (0.21 )        
  Gains on divestitures of assets related to formation of MEGlobal and Equipolymers joint ventures     563           379             0.40          
  Asset impairments     (99 )         (69 )           (0.08 )        
  Recognition of liability related to Cargill Dow loan guarantee     (148 )         (93 )           (0.10 )        
Merger-related expenses and restructuring         $ (280 )         $ (182 )         $ (0.21 )
Asbestos-related charge           (828 )           (522 )           (0.57 )
UOP restructuring           (10 )           (7 )           (0.01 )
DuPont Dow Elastomers restructuring           (8 )           (8 )           (0.01 )
Goodwill impairment losses in nonconsolidated affiliates           (16 )           (16 )           (0.02 )
Gain on sale of Oasis Pipe Line           63             40             0.04  
Gain on sale of DERAKANE epoxy vinyl ester resin business     90           57             0.06          
Reversal of tax valuation allowances and impact of change in tax rate on deferred tax liabilities               146   $ 454         0.15   $ 0.49      
Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles                   (9 )   67         (0.01 )   0.07  

 
Total   $ 110     $ (1,079 ) $ 220   $ 445   $ (628 ) $ 0.22   $ 0.48   $ (0.71 )

 
(1) Impact on "Income before Income Taxes and Minority Interests"              
(2) Impact on "Net Income (Loss) Available for Common Stockholders"              
(3) Impact on "Earnings per common share – diluted"              

SEGMENT RESULTS

The Company uses EBIT (which Dow defines as earnings before interest, income taxes and minority interests) as its measure of profit/loss for segment reporting purposes. EBIT includes all operating items relating to the businesses and excludes items that principally apply to the Company as a whole. In the first quarter of 2004, the Company made changes to its internal organizational structure; this reorganization did not result in a change to Dow's operating segments, but it did result in the renaming of several of the businesses within the operating segments. The Corporate Profile included in Note U to the Consolidated Financial Statements reflects these changes. Additional information regarding the Company's operating segments and a reconciliation of EBIT to "Net Income Available for Common Stockholders" can also be found in Note U.

PERFORMANCE PLASTICS

Performance Plastics sales increased 22 percent to $9.5 billion in 2004, compared with $7.8 billion in 2003. Sales were $7.1 billion in 2002. In 2004, volume increased 12 percent over 2003, while prices increased 10 percent, including the favorable impact of currency in Europe. Currency accounted for approximately 4 percent of the increase in sales. Sales in 2003 reflected a 10 percent price improvement, while volume was unchanged versus 2002.

CHART CHART

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       EBIT for the segment was $1.0 billion in 2004, compared with $701 million in 2003 and $612 million in 2002. EBIT improved in 2004 due to higher prices and stronger volumes. In addition, the Company sold its DERAKANE epoxy vinyl resin business to Ashland Specialty Chemicals in December 2004, resulting in a pretax gain of $90 million. EBIT increased in 2003 due to strengthening prices and emphasis on cost control.

       Building and Construction sales increased 16 percent in 2004, reflecting gains in both price and volume. Prices increased 9 percent in an attempt to recover margins lost to increasing raw material costs. Volume increased 7 percent due to high levels of new housing starts in North America and increased sales growth in eastern and southern Europe related to more stringent energy consumption regulations, which resulted in increased sales of insulation products. EBIT decreased slightly due to higher raw material and freight costs.

       Dow Automotive sales increased 11 percent versus 2003, with a 6 percent improvement in prices as Dow Automotive increased prices in order to restore margins. Improving supply/demand balances resulted in increased pricing power for polymers. Volume was up 5 percent, exceeding the annual growth rate for the global automotive industry, as the business continued to expand its position within its traditional customer base. EBIT in 2004 was favorably impacted by the divestiture of the Company's interest in Core Products SAS, a 50:50 joint venture with L&L Holding Company LLC. Despite this gain, EBIT in 2004 declined as higher raw material costs and operating expenses offset the improvement in selling prices.

       Engineering Plastics sales were up 31 percent compared with 2003. Prices increased 12 percent to compensate for escalating feedstock and energy costs, and as a result of tight supply in most geographic areas. Volume was up 19 percent versus 2003 as improving economic conditions increased demand from appliance, electronics and automotive industries. EBIT in 2004 was up as higher prices and volumes more than offset significant increases in raw material costs.

       Epoxy Products and Intermediates reported a 32 percent increase in sales compared with 2003. Prices improved 17 percent reflecting increases across the entire range of epoxy products in response to substantially higher costs for benzene, propylene and bisphenol. Volume was up 15 percent versus 2003, driven by increased consumer spending and higher demand for industrial applications. Epoxy supply was tight across all geographic areas as most producers ran at full operating rates to meet demand. The business completed a shutdown of its facility in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada in August 2004, and consolidated production within facilities in Freeport, Texas, and The People's Republic of China. The shutdown, combined with the consolidation of research facilities into Freeport, Texas, improved the competitiveness of the epoxy business. EBIT in 2004 improved due to improved pricing and volume.

       Polyurethanes and Thermoset Systems sales were up 25 percent in 2004 versus the prior year. Prices increased 12 percent, led by price increases for polyols and methylene diphenyl diisocyanate ("MDI"). Volume increased 13 percent led by stronger demand for polyols and MDI in the appliance and rigid construction businesses, particularly in The People's Republic of China and the Middle East. Asset optimization initiatives included the permanent shutdown of the Company's polyol facility at Priolo, Italy, which resulted in a write-down of $22 million (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements), and the start-up of a new MDI facility in Freeport, Texas, in November 2004 that is expected to be at full capacity in early 2005. EBIT increased in 2004 due to higher selling prices and improved capacity utilization; however, margin growth was limited due to rising raw material costs throughout the year. In addition, EBIT was favorably impacted by the $90 million gain on the sale of the DERAKANE business.

       Technology Licensing and Catalyst sales were up 23 percent compared with 2003 as the global economic recovery favorably impacted investments within the chemical industry. This increase in commercial licensing activity improved sales in the technology licensing business, including sales to MEGlobal and EQUATE, joint ventures of the Company. The polyolefins catalyst licensing businesses continued to face strong competitive pressures, especially in Asia Pacific. Equity earnings increased with improved financial results at UOP and Univation Technologies, LLC, both 50:50 joint ventures of the Company. EBIT in 2004 improved as a result of higher equity earnings and increased licensing activity.

       Wire and Cable sales were up 20 percent in 2004, driven by volume recovery in all geographies except Europe. Demand was strong in both the telecommunications and power industries. The production facility in Bound Brook, New Jersey was shut down in 2004 to improve capacity utilization and optimize costs within the business. EBIT in 2004 improved as a result of higher volumes, lower costs, and increased equity earnings from Nippon Unicar Company Limited, a 50:50 joint venture, resulting from a gain on the sale of the joint venture's silicone business.

Performance Plastics Outlook for 2005

For the Performance Plastics segment, continued favorable economic conditions in 2005 are expected to result in higher sales compared with 2004. Capacity utilization of most products within the industry is expected to improve, and volume growth is expected across all end-use applications. Profitability is expected to improve with continued focus on improving margins and optimizing cost performance.

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       Building and Construction expects prices and volumes to increase in 2005. Housing starts in North America are expected to ease after several years of sustained growth, but demand for extruded polystyrene is expected to continue as the preferred solution for many insulation applications. Growth in Russia and The People's Republic of China represent new opportunities for volume improvement. An over-supply situation is anticipated to continue in Europe as new industry facilities are expected to come on-line in 2005. However, increased demand in eastern and southern Europe is expected to be the greatest opportunity for growth, due to customer implementation of increasingly stringent energy policies.

       Dow Automotive plans to continue the implementation of value pricing initiatives to offset anticipated downward pressure on prices from auto producers. Volume growth for Dow Automotive is expected through expanded participation with non-traditional customers. Engineering Plastics expects increased demand for copolymers and polycarbonate to tighten supply/demand balances.

       Epoxy Products and Intermediates anticipates an improvement in sales with higher volumes across all geographies, especially in the coatings and civil engineering industries. Epoxy Products anticipates continued upward price pressure due to high raw material costs and tight supply/demand balances. Global industry capacity will remain relatively unchanged with only one world-scale production facility starting up 2005 in The People's Republic of China.

       Polyurethanes results are expected to improve in 2005, due to anticipated price and margin improvements related to the shortage of available capacity for MDI. The business plans to shut down its MDI facility in LaPorte, Texas, after the startup of its new facility in Freeport, Texas, is completed. Technology Licensing and Catalyst expects the intense competitive environment within the polyolefins catalyst business to continue in 2005, although new investment activity is expected to continue in emerging geographies and may result in additional licensing revenues. Wire and Cable anticipates sales in 2005 to grow at GDP levels, with expected margin improvement over raw material costs.

PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS

Performance Chemicals sales increased 20 percent to $6.7 billion in 2004, compared with $5.6 billion in 2003 and $5.1 billion in 2002. Volume grew 11 percent, while prices rose 9 percent. The increase in volume was due in part to the acquisition of the acrylates business from Celanese AG on February 2, 2004. Compared with last year, prices increased due to tight supply/demand balances for acrylics and oxide derivatives, and higher styrene and butadiene costs in Dow Latex. Prices increased 7 percent from 2002 to 2003 due to the favorable impact of currency in Europe and higher prices in those businesses most directly impacted by feedstock costs. Volume increased 1 percent from 2002 to 2003. Volume growth in Europe, Latin America and Asia Pacific was partially offset by a decline in North America due to weak economic conditions in the first three quarters of 2003.

       EBIT for 2004 was $600 million compared with $682 million in 2003 and $650 million in 2002. EBIT for 2004 was negatively impacted by a $22 million charge related to the shutdown of Hampshire Chemical's Nashua, New Hampshire, manufacturing site (see Notes F and H to the Consolidated Financial Statements). The charge included a $9 million write-down of the net book value of the facility and a $13 million write-off of goodwill. The Nashua site was shut down in 2004. In addition, EBIT in 2004 was negatively impacted by asset impairments totaling $89 million as follows: a $60 million write-down of the Company's contract manufacturing plant in Smithfield, Rhode Island, resulting from the pending disposal of the site; a $21 million partial write-down of a Hampshire Chemical business; and an $8 million write-off of a latex manufacturing facility. EBIT for 2003 was favorably impacted by a gain of $47 million on the sale of several product lines of Amerchol. Excluding the 2004 charges and the 2003 gain, EBIT for 2004 was up over 2003 as higher selling prices and volume growth more than offset the impact of increased feedstock costs. EBIT in 2003 increased from 2002 due to the gain on the Amerchol sale and the combined impact of higher prices and volume, the favorable impact of currency, and a strong focus on cost reductions.

CHART CHART

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       Acrylics and Oxide Derivatives sales were up 48 percent versus 2003, with volume increasing 31 percent and prices increasing 17 percent. Acrylics volume increased due to strong demand for acrylates and the acquisition of the acrylates business of Celanese AG in February 2004. Oxide derivatives volume improved due to increased demand for coatings and wet strength resin (amines) across all geographic areas, with especially strong growth in Asia Pacific. Prices increased due to tight supply/demand balances across most product lines and rising raw material prices. EBIT in 2004 improved significantly over 2003 due to higher prices, stronger demand and higher equity earnings from OPTIMAL, partially offset by higher raw material costs.

       Dow Latex sales were up 20 percent versus 2003, with volume increasing 6 percent and prices increasing 14 percent. Volume for styrene-butadiene latex sold into the paper, carpet and architectural coatings industries grew 4 percent. UCAR Emulsion Systems volume was strong in all geographic areas, demonstrating recovery from the effect of poor weather on the demand for paint in North America and the overall impact of SARS on demand in Asia Pacific in the first half of 2003. Despite increased sales in 2004, EBIT declined primarily due to costs associated with the closure of the Somerset, New Jersey, site, which resulted in an $8 million write-down of the latex manufacturing facility (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements), and a significant increase in raw material costs.

       Specialty Chemicals sales were up 11 percent versus 2003, with a 6 percent increase in price, including the favorable impact of currency in Europe, and a 5 percent increase in volume. Both price and volume increased for functional solutions and surfactants. Price increases were driven by the relatively balanced industry supply/demand situation and sharply higher raw materials costs. Despite improvements in volume and price, EBIT was down for the year due to higher raw material costs and charges related to the shutdown of Hampshire Chemical's Nashua, New Hampshire, manufacturing site (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

       Specialty Polymers sales were up 6 percent versus 2003, with volume increasing 5 percent and prices increasing 1 percent, including the favorable impact of currency in Europe. Compared with last year, volume was up in all geographic areas. Sales were strong for ANGUS Chemical Company's products, biocides, CELLOSIZE cellulose ethers, FILMTEC membranes, and METHOCEL cellulose ethers. EBIT declined in 2004 due to a $21 million write-down of a Hampshire Chemical business in the second quarter of 2004. The results for 2003 also included the $47 million gain on the sale of several product lines of Amerchol.

Performance Chemicals Outlook for 2005

Performance Chemicals expects continued growth in 2005 as economic conditions continue to improve. Prices are expected to remain at relatively high levels in 2005 reflecting tight supply/demand balances in many markets. EBIT is also expected to improve in 2005 due to slightly higher volumes, improved pricing and improved operating rates. However, uncertainty still remains due to the volatility of feedstock and energy costs.

       Acrylics and Oxide Derivatives prices and margins are expected to continue to increase in 2005, reflecting tight industry supply/demand conditions and high raw material costs. Prices for superabsorbents are expected to increase sharply in 2005, reflecting anticipated limited supply of acrylic acid within the industry. Acrylic and Oxide Derivative volume is expected to be flat, limited by production capacity. Inventories are expected to remain at low levels with many markets tight to sold out during 2005. Superabsorbents volume is expected to increase in 2005 reflecting increased commitments from several strategic accounts in late 2004.

       Volume for Dow Latex is expected to grow in 2005, but at slightly lower rates than those experienced in 2004. Prices, which increased significantly in the second half of 2004, are likely to remain near year-end 2004 levels through most of 2005 reflecting high and volatile monomer raw material costs. For the full year, average prices are expected to be significantly higher than in 2004.

       Specialty Polymers revenues are expected to increase in 2005, driven primarily by increased volume. Margins are expected to increase slightly due to higher plant operating rates and expected strength in higher value end-use markets.

AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Sales for Agricultural Sciences were a record $3.4 billion in 2004, compared with $3.0 billion in 2003 and $2.7 billion in 2002. Volume grew 9 percent versus 2003, while prices improved by 3 percent, primarily due to the favorable impact of currency in Europe. Favorable farm commodity prices resulted in increased demand for crop protection chemicals, both for increased acreage planted and for improved yields on existing acreage. Sales for newer products, including florasulam herbicide, HERCULEX I insect protection traits, and gamma cyhalothrin insecticide, continued to grow. Growth in the insecticide portfolio was led by spinosad insect control products, particularly in India, and chlorpyrifos sold into West Africa

31


to combat the ongoing locust outbreak. Other product lines, including cereal herbicides, soybean fungicides and corn herbicides also contributed to the overall volume increase. In 2003, prices improved 7 percent versus 2002, largely due to the favorable impact of currency, while volume grew 4 percent. Significant price improvements in 2003 were reported in Latin America, due to improved economic conditions, and in Europe, primarily due to favorable currency impact. Volume growth in 2003 was driven by the newer products listed above and spinosad insect control products, while sales for existing products grew due to increased insect pressure in North America and the strength of the product portfolio acquired from Rohm and Haas in 2001.

       EBIT in 2004 was $586 million versus $441 million in 2003 and $154 million in 2002. EBIT improved in 2004 due to volume increases and operational efficiencies. Volume gains, improved pricing, expense control and increased operational efficiencies also drove the strong EBIT improvement in 2003 over 2002. EBIT in 2002 was unfavorably impacted by seed plant write-offs, the impact of a new import tax and currency weakness in Argentina, and severance of $5 million related to a workforce reduction program.

CHART CHART

Agricultural Sciences Outlook for 2005

Agricultural Sciences sales and operational results for 2005 are expected to remain at the strong levels achieved in 2004. While industry conditions should remain strong, the high commodity prices and strong market growth of 2004 are not expected to be repeated in 2005. New product growth in corn (the HERCULEX product line) and canola (acres planted with NEXERA seed) will likely be offset by challenges in mature product lines. Competition is expected to intensify in the number and complexity of marketing programs, product offers, and in extended sales terms. Generics will continue to grow and challenge key markets. Dow AgroSciences expects to launch penoxsulum rice herbicide and WIDESTRIKE cotton trait in the United States during 2005 and continue to invest in and build significant new business platforms in animal health and healthy oils.

PLASTICS

Sales for the Plastics segment were $10.0 billion in 2004, up from $7.8 billion in 2003 and $6.5 billion in 2002. Prices increased 24 percent in 2004 compared with 2003, while volume increased 5 percent. The increase in selling prices reflected the significantly higher feedstock and energy costs in 2004, supported by improved industry supply/demand balances. Volume also increased during 2004 as global economic conditions continued to improve and demand returned to historical growth levels. Compared with last year, volume declined in Europe due to the June 2004 formation of Equipolymers, a new 50:50 joint venture, as sales of PET/PTA were sourced through that joint venture beginning on July 1, 2004 (see Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements). Synthetic rubber volume declined as a result of the decision to idle the facility in Pernis, The Netherlands, in the second quarter of 2004. Two new production facilities were started up in Tarragona, Spain during 2004: a facility for the commercial scale production of VERSIFY resins began operations in the third quarter and a facility for the commercial production of DOW XLA elastic fibers began operations in the fourth quarter. Sales in 2003 were higher than in 2002 as prices, including the favorable impact of currency in Europe, improved 22 percent and volume decreased 2 percent. Currency accounted for approximately 7 percent of the increase in sales.

       EBIT for the year was $1.7 billion, up from $662 million in 2003. EBIT improved as higher selling prices and improved equity earnings, resulting from the advantaged ethylene feedstock position of EQUATE, more than offset the increased feedstock and energy costs. In addition, EBIT in 2004 was favorably impacted by a gain of $124 million on the sale of the PET/PTA business in conjunction with the formation of Equipolymers. In 2003, EBIT was up from $151 million in 2002 as higher selling prices, ongoing cost control efforts and improved equity earnings more than offset the increased feedstock and energy costs. EBIT in 2002 included a $20 million charge for the write-down of ethylene styrene interpolymers market development assets located in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada.

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CHART CHART

       Polyethylene sales increased 32 percent in 2004 as prices increased 24 percent and volume increased 8 percent. Prices were pushed higher in response to high feedstock and energy costs and improving supply/demand. The increase in sales volume reflects the strong demand growth that was seen in all geographic areas. These conditions led to improvement in both capacity utilization rates and margins. EBIT improved significantly compared with 2003 as increased selling prices and improved equity earnings from EQUATE and Siam Polyethylene Company Limited more than offset higher feedstock and energy costs.

       Polypropylene sales increased 34 percent in 2004, as prices increased 28 percent and volume increased 6 percent. Polypropylene prices moved higher during the year in response to increasing feedstock and energy costs. Demand increased as the global economic recovery progressed, resulting in high operating rates during the year. Volume was also higher despite monomer shortages and shutdowns that were required due to hurricanes that affected the United States. In 2003, volume in Europe was negatively impacted in the third quarter by a government-mandated (every five years), six-week shutdown of the Company's German facility, Dow Olefinverbund GmbH (formerly BSL) for a safety inspection and maintenance. EBIT improved significantly over 2003 as increased selling prices and cost reduction initiatives more than offset the increase in feedstock and energy costs.

       Polystyrene sales increased 44 percent in 2004 as prices increased 33 percent and volume increased 11 percent. The increase in prices followed the rise in styrene monomer costs, both of which reached record levels. Demand remained strong as the economic recovery continued. New grades of clear thermoforming polystyrene were introduced during 2004 and technology was developed that will enable Dow's polystyrene plants to operate more efficiently. EBIT declined significantly from 2003 as the impact of higher styrene monomer costs were not recovered by the increase in selling prices.

Plastics Outlook for 2005

Feedstock and energy costs will likely remain at high levels during 2005. This factor, combined with solid demand growth, is expected to provide support for higher prices and result in a significant increase in sales in 2005. Volume is also expected to increase in 2005 in all polymers, including contributions from the DOW XLA elastic fiber facility and the continued growth in sales of VERSIFY resins.

       Polyethylene volumes are expected to improve in 2005 as demand continues to remain strong. Industry supply/demand balances are expected to remain tight and this condition will provide support for both higher prices and improved margins. Volume may exhibit some softness in first quarter of 2005, due to the late 2004 slowdown in The People's Republic of China.

       Polypropylene prices are expected to be higher in 2005. Although Dow's production facilities are already running at capacity, volume is expected to improve slightly as de-bottlenecking and process improvements enable increased production. Industry operating rates should remain high and no new production capacity is expected to be added during 2005. In 2004, new grades of INSPIRE performance polymers for thermoforming and blow molding applications were successfully introduced and this technology will be extended to injection molding products in 2005.

       Polystyrene volume should improve in 2005 as demand is expected to remain strong. Prices are expected to remain high due to the cost of styrene monomer; however, raw material costs are expected to be less volatile. The industry is expected to remain competitive as styrene monomer and polystyrene supply are both expected to be sufficient to meet demand.

       On January 3, 2005, the Company announced it had exercised its option to acquire certain assets (ethylene and chlorinated elastomers, including ENGAGE, NORDEL and TYRIN elastomers) from DuPont Dow Elastomers L.L.C. ("DDE"), Dow's 50:50 joint venture with E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company ("DuPont"). The transaction, which is expected to close by June 30, 2005, includes redemption of the Company's equity interest in DDE. Going forward, the impact on the Plastics segment is expected to be minimal. See Notes G and K to the Consolidated Statements for information regarding the transaction.

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CHEMICALS

Chemicals sales were $5.5 billion in 2004, compared with $4.4 billion in 2003 and $3.4 billion in 2002. Prices rose 22 percent versus 2003. Solvents and intermediates, chlorinated organics, vinyl chloride monomer ("VCM") and EG all experienced higher prices in 2004. Volume was up 3 percent for 2004, with increases in chlorinated organics, caustic soda, VCM and EG despite a decline in volume related to the formation of MEGlobal, a new 50:50 joint venture with PIC, in the second quarter of 2004. Beginning on July 1, 2004, certain sales of EG were sourced through that joint venture. In 2003, prices increased 24 percent and volume grew 6 percent versus 2002.

       EG sales were up substantially from 2003 with prices increasing 31 percent and volume increasing 4 percent. Prices increased due to higher feedstock and energy costs and an improving supply/demand balance. Volume increased as a result of increasing demand in the PET and polyester industries, which use EG as a raw material. While volume improved overall, it was significantly dampened by the formation of MEGlobal.

       VCM sales were up 40 percent due to a 33 percent increase in prices and a 7 percent increase in volume driven by strong industry demand for polyvinyl chloride ("PVC"), which is the major end-use product for VCM. Caustic soda sales were up 5 percent versus 2003 due to a 9 percent increase in volume partially offset by a 4 percent decline in prices. Caustic soda prices hit bottom in the first half of 2004. Demand for caustic soda increased in the second half of 2004, improving industry supply/demand balances and supporting significant price momentum in the latter part of 2004.

       Solvent and Intermediates sales were up 8 percent due to a 14 percent increase in price and a 6 percent decline in volume. The decline in volume was primarily due to the Company's exit of the ethanol business in the second quarter of 2004.

       EBIT was $1,602 million in 2004 compared with $334 million in 2003 and a loss of $78 million in 2002. EBIT in 2004 improved due to the combined impact of stronger volume, higher prices, higher operating rates and increased equity company earnings partially offset by rising feedstock and energy costs. Results for 2004 also included a gain of $439 million associated with the divestiture of assets in conjunction with the formation of MEGlobal in the second quarter of 2004 (see Note C to the Consolidated Financial Statements). EBIT in 2003 increased from 2002 principally due to increased volume, higher prices and cost reductions partially offset by increased feedstock and energy costs. EBIT in 2002 was negatively impacted by costs related to the start-up of expanded VCM facilities in Freeport, Texas, and chlor-alkali facilities in Stade, Germany; and a $13 million charge for the write-down of assets related to the shutdown of a chlor-alkali facility in Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, Canada (see Note F to the Consolidated Financial Statements).

CHART CHART

Chemicals Outlook for 2005

Caustic soda prices are expected to increase significantly in 2005 due to growth in demand and limited industry capacity. Sales volume is expected to decline slightly due to higher internal use in derivative businesses. Margin expansion is anticipated due to tight industry supply/demand balances.

       VCM margins are expected to expand in 2005. With continued strength in the global economy, PVC use is expected to increase, thereby fueling higher demand for VCM, and further tightening industry supply/demand balances. As announced in November 2004, the Company expects to cease its production of ethylene dichloride and reduce its VCM production at the Company's facility in Oyster Creek, Texas, by the end of 2005. While this net reduction accounts for approximately 18 percent of the Company's global VCM capacity, the impact on results is expected to be minimal.

       EG prices are expected to remain high in 2005 as global demand continues to grow and market conditions remain near peak levels. EG volume is expected to decrease due to the impact of the formation of MEGlobal in mid-2004. New EG industry capacity should be minimal, resulting in a tight supply/demand balance.

       Solvents and Intermediates pricing is expected to be driven by changes in feedstock and energy costs. Stronger demand is expected to improve the supply/demand balance in the solvents and intermediates industry. No additional industry capacity is expected to come on-line in 2005.

34


HYDROCARBONS AND ENERGY

Hydrocarbon and Energy sales were $4.9 billion in 2004 compared with $3.8 billion in 2003 and $2.4 billion in 2002. In 2004, prices increased 30 percent and volume declined 2 percent compared with 2003. Prices improved following the rise in crude oil and feedstock prices versus the prior year. In 2003, prices were up 27 percent and volume grew 30 percent over 2002. Prices improved following a substantial rise in crude oil and natural gas based feedstock prices compared with 2002. Volume increased due to new contractual commitments and higher spot sales of monomers in 2003.

CHART

       The Hydrocarbons and Energy business transfers materials to Dow's derivative businesses at cost. EBIT was $0 in 2004 compared with $6 million in 2003 and $96 million in 2002. EBIT in 2002 included a gain of $63 million on the sale of the Company's share in the Oasis Pipe Line Company, and a loss of $44 million reflecting the impairment of the ethylene production facility in Texas City, Texas, which was shut down during 2003.

       Compared with 2003, the Company's cost of purchased feedstocks and energy in 2004 increased approximately $3.4 billion, or 28 percent, due to price. Derivatives of crude oil and natural gas are used as feedstocks for the Company's ethylene production facilities, while natural gas is used as fuel. Crude oil prices increased throughout the year. On average, 2004 prices were $9 per barrel higher than 2003 levels. North American natural gas prices trended upward throughout the year. In 2004, North American natural gas prices rose 13 percent, an increase of approximately $0.65 per million Btu over 2003.

       In 2004, Texas LNG Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, purchased a 15 percent ownership interest in Freeport LNG Development, LP. Freeport LNG Development, LP is currently implementing a project to permit, design and construct a liquefied natural gas receiving terminal near Freeport, Texas. The terminal will enable consumers to purchase competitively priced natural gas imported from other regions of the world.

CHART

Hydrocarbons and Energy Outlook for 2005

Crude oil and natural gas prices are expected to increase during 2005 compared with 2004. In addition, feedstock and natural gas prices are expected to remain highly volatile. Overall, hydrocarbons and energy prices are expected to be above 2004 levels. Ethylene and propylene margins are expected to expand, benefiting Dow's derivative businesses, as demand continues to strengthen and supply remains tight.

UNALLOCATED AND OTHER

Sales in 2004 were $262 million, compared with $353 million in 2003 and $395 million in 2002. Sales in 2004 were down primarily due to the divestiture of the remaining Sentrachem businesses, completed in the third quarter of 2003. The sales decline between 2003 and 2002 is also primarily due to the Sentrachem divestitures completed in the third quarter of 2003.

       Included in the results for Unallocated and Other are:

results of Dow Ventures,
asbestos-related defense and resolution costs,
overhead and cost recovery variances not allocated to the operating segments,
results of insurance operations,

35


gains and losses on sales of financial assets,
foreign exchange hedging results, and
Dow's share of the earnings/losses of Dow Corning Corporation ("Dow Corning") and Cargill Dow.

       EBIT in 2004 was a loss of $1.1 billion compared with losses of $339 million in 2003 and $1.5 billion in 2002. Results for 2004 were negatively impacted by employee-related restructuring charges, including severance of $225 million and curtailment expenses of $71 million associated with Dow's defined benefit plans (see Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information on the restructuring charges), performance-based employee compensation expense of $317 million, the recognition of a $148 million liability associated with a loan guarantee for Cargill Dow, and asbestos-related defense and resolution costs (net of insurance) of $82 million. Results for 2003 and 2002 were negatively impacted by asbestos-related defense and resolution costs (net of insurance) of $94 million and $9 million, respectively. EBIT for 2002 was negatively impacted by an asbestos-related charge of $828 million, merger-related integration costs of $41 million, additional merger-related severance of $66 million, restructuring severance of $37 million, the write-down of Sentrachem assets of $54 million, Dow's share of Cargill Dow losses, and lower results from insurance operations.

       On January 31, 2005, the Company transferred its 50 percent interest in Cargill Dow to the joint venture partner, Cargill Incorporated. Going forward, the impact to Unallocated and Other is expected to be minimal. See Note B to the Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.


 
Sales Price and Volume                                      
    2004   2003   2002  
   
 
 
 
Percent change from prior year   Price   Volume   Total   Price   Volume   Total   Price   Volume   Total  

 
Operating Segments:                                      
  Performance Plastics   10 % 12 % 22 % 10 %   10 % (6 )% 3 % (3 )%
  Performance Chemicals   9   11   20   7   1 % 8   (2 ) 3   1  
  Agricultural Sciences   3   9   12   7   4   11   (2 ) 6   4  
  Plastics   24   5   29   22   (2 ) 20   (8 ) 8    
  Chemicals   22   3   25   24   6   30   (11 ) 6   (5 )
  Hydrocarbons and Energy   30   (2 ) 28   27   30   57   (7 ) 4   (3 )

 
Total   17 % 6 % 23 % 14 % 4 % 18 % (6 )% 4 % (2 )%

 
Geographic Areas:                                      
  United States   12 % 5 % 17 % 11 % 3 % 14 % (4 )% (2 )% (6 )%
  Europe   22   4   26   20   3   23   (4 ) 8   4  
  Rest of World   16   12   28   14   5   19   (11 ) 10   (1 )

 
Total   17 % 6 % 23 % 14 % 4 % 18 % (6 )% 4 % (2 )%

 
Price includes the impact of currency. Volume includes the impact of acquisitions and divestitures.          

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The Company's cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table:


 
Cash Flow Summary                    
In millions     2004     2003     2002  

 
Cash provided by (used in):                    
  Operating activities   $ 2,670   $ 3,780   $ 2,108  
  Investing activities     (653 )   (1,676 )   (1,626 )
  Financing activities     (1,397 )   (1,225 )   787  
  Effect of exchange rate changes on cash     96     29     (5 )

 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents   $ 716   $ 908   $ 1,264  

 

36


       Despite a significant improvement in earnings for 2004, cash provided by operating activities declined versus 2003 due to an increase in working capital requirements and the payment of performance awards to employees of $390 million. Cash provided by operating activities in 2003 increased versus 2002 primarily due to improved earnings, the collection of a noncurrent receivable of $335 million and the receipt of a $275 million income tax refund related to U.S. net operating losses in 2003.

       Cash used in investing activities in 2004 was significantly lower than 2003 primarily due to proceeds of $845 million from the divestiture of assets related to the formation of MEGlobal and Equipolymers, 50:50 joint ventures, partially offset by an increase of $233 million in capital expenditures. In addition, cash of $533 million was used in 2003 for the purchase of previously leased manufacturing facilities in Argentina. Cash used in investing activities increased slightly in 2003 compared with 2002, as a decrease in the level of capital expenditures was more than offset by the purchase of previously leased assets and investments in consolidated companies.

       Cash used in financing activities in 2004 increased compared with 2003 principally due to net higher payments to reduce short- and long-term debt and lower proceeds from the issuance of long-term debt, partially offset by higher proceeds from sales of common stock (related to the exercise of stock options and the Employees' Stock Purchase Plan). Cash was used in financing activities in 2003 versus being provided by financing activities in 2002. A decrease in the level of the proceeds provided by the issuance of long-term debt was the primary contributor to this change.


Working Capital at December 31            
In millions     2004     2003

Current assets   $ 15,890   $ 13,112
Current liabilities     10,506     9,534

Working capital   $ 5,384   $ 3,578

Current ratio     1.51:1     1.38:1

CHART

       At December 31, 2004, trade receivables were $4.8 billion, up from $3.6 billion at December 31, 2003, due to the increase in sales in 2004. Days-sales-outstanding-in-receivables (excluding the impact of sales of receivables) were 40 days at December 31, 2004 and 42 days at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, total inventories were $5.0 billion, up from $4.1 billion at December 31, 2003, principally due to the increase in feedstock and energy costs. Days-sales-in-inventory at December 31, 2004 were 57 days versus 56 days at December 31, 2003.


Total Debt at December 31                
In millions     2004     2003    

Notes payable   $ 104   $ 258    
Long-term debt due within one year     861     1,088    
Long-term debt     11,629     11,763    

  Gross debt   $ 12,594   $ 13,109    

Cash and cash equivalents   $ 3,108   $ 2,392    
Marketable securities and interest-bearing deposits     84     42    

  Net debt   $ 9,402   $ 10,675    

Gross debt as a percent of total capitalization     47.9 %   55.4 %  
Net debt as a percent of total capitalization     40.7 %   50.3 %  

37


CHART

       As part of its ongoing financing activities, Dow has the ability to issue promissory notes under its U.S. and Euromarket commercial paper programs. At December 31, 2004, there were no commercial paper borrowings outstanding. In the event Dow is unable to access these short-term markets, due to a systemic disruption or other extraordinary events, Dow has the ability to access liquidity through its committed and available credit facilities with various U.S. and foreign banks totaling $3.0 billion in support of its working capital requirements and commercial paper borrowings. These facilities include a $1.25 billion 364-day revolving credit facility, which matures in April 2005, and a $1.75 billion 5-year revolving credit facility, which matures in April 2009.

       At December 31, 2004, the Company had $3,455 million of SEC-registered securities available for issuance under U.S. shelf registrations, as well as Euro 1.5 billion (approximately $2.0 billion) available for issuance under the Company's Euro Medium Term Note Program.

       Dow's public debt instruments and documents for its private funding transactions contain, among other provisions, certain covenants and default provisions. At December 31, 2004, the Company was in compliance with all of these covenants and default provisions. See Note L to the Consolidated Financial Statements for information on such covenants and default provisions.

Contractual Obligations

The following tables summarize the Company's contractual obligations, commercial commitments and expected cash requirements for interest at December 31, 2004. Additional information related to these obligations can be found in Notes K, L, M, N and T to the Consolidated Financial Statements.


Contractual Obligations at December 31, 2004   Payments Due by Year
     


In millions
   

2005
   

2006
   

2007
   

2008
   

2009
    2010
and
beyond
   

Total

Long-term debt – current and noncurrent (1)   $ 861   $ 1,480   $ 1,362   $ 587   $ 1,300   $ 6,900   $ 12,490
Deferred income tax liabilities – noncurrent (2)                         1,301     1,301
Pension and other postretirement benefits     383     440     566     680     537     1,541     4,147
Other noncurrent obligations (3)     274     192     178     123     82     3,902     4,751
Other contractual obligations:                                          
  Minimum operating lease commitments     292     217     148     130     120     218     1,125
  Purchase commitments – take or pay and throughput obligations     2,120     1,966     1,695     1,482     1,288     5,781     14,332
  Purchase commitments – other (4)     197     52     44     39     10     103     445
Expected cash requirements for interest     735     699     634     566     521     5,306     8,461

Total   $ 4,862   $ 5,046   $ 4,627   $ 3,607   $ 3,858   $ 25,052   $ 47,052

(1) Capital lease obligations of $46 million are included in "2010 and beyond."
(2) Deferred tax liabilities may vary according to changes in tax laws, tax rates and the operating results of the Company. As a result, it is impractical to determine whether there will be a cash impact to an individual year. Therefore, all noncurrent deferred income tax liabilities have been reflected in "2010 and beyond."
(3) Annual payments to resolve asbestos litigation will vary based on changes in defense strategies, changes in state and national law, and claims filing and resolution rates. As a result, it is impractical to determine the anticipated payments in any given year. Therefore, the noncurrent asbestos-related liability of $1,549 million has been reflected in "2010 and beyond."
(4) Includes outstanding purchase orders and other commitments, obtained through a survey of the Company, greater than $1 million.

       The Company also had outstanding guarantees at December 31, 2004. Additional information related to these guarantees can be found in the "Guarantees" table provided in Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Variable Interest Entities

In the second quarter of 2003, Dow terminated its lease of an ethylene facility in The Netherlands with a variable interest entity ("VIE") and entered into a lease with a new owner trust, which is also a VIE. However, Dow is not the primary beneficiary of the owner trust and, therefore, is not required to consolidate the owner trust. Based on a valuation completed in mid-2003, the facility was valued at $394 million. Upon expiration of the lease, which matures in 2014, Dow may purchase the facility for an amount based upon a fair market value determination. At December 31, 2004, Dow had provided to the owner trust a residual value guarantee of $363 million, which represents Dow's maximum exposure to loss under the lease. Given the productive nature of the facility, it is probable that the facility will have continuing value to Dow or the owner trust in excess of the residual value guarantee.

Capital Expenditures

Capital spending for the year was $1,333 million, up 21 percent from $1,100 million in 2003, and down 18 percent from $1,623 million in 2002. In 2004, approximately 38 percent of the Company's capital expenditures were directed toward additional capacity for new and existing products, compared with 40 percent in 2003. Approximately 21 percent was committed to projects related to environmental protection, safety, loss prevention and industrial hygiene in 2004, compared with 23 percent in 2003. The remaining capital was utilized to maintain the Company's existing asset base, including projects related to productivity improvements, energy conservation and facilities support.

CHART

       Major projects underway during 2004 included expansion of production facilities for polymeric MDI in Freeport, Texas; solution polyethylene, ethylene and octene in Tarragona, Spain; UCAR Emulsion Systems latex in Taft, Louisiana; and FILMTEC membranes in Edina, Minnesota. Additional major projects included infrastructure related to the integration of a new gas turbine in Freeport, upgrades to isopropanol production facilities in Texas City, Texas, and a new sulfuryl fluoride plant in Pittsburg, California. Because the Company designs and builds most of its capital projects in-house, it had no material capital commitments other than for the purchase of materials from fabricators and construction labor.

Dividends

On February 10, 2005, the Board of Directors announced a quarterly dividend of $0.335 per share, payable April 29, 2005, to stockholders of record on March 31, 2005. Since 1912, the Company has paid a cash dividend every quarter and, in each instance, Dow has maintained or increased the amount of the dividend, adjusted for stock splits. During that 92-year period, Dow has increased the amount of the quarterly dividend 45 times (approximately 12 percent of the time) and maintained the amount of the quarterly dividend approximately 88 percent of the time. The Company declared dividends of $1.34 per share in 2004, 2003 and 2002.

Outlook for 2005

In 2004, the Company continued its drive to improve earnings and strengthen its financial position. Dow's focus on cost discipline and aggressive price/volume management, supported by improving industry conditions and strategic divestitures, led to an increase in net income of $1.1 billion. While working capital increased $1.9 billion due to the significantly higher sales level, working capital ratios remained at low levels. Capital expenditures were held to $1.3 billion, $571 million below depreciation. As a result of these actions, the Company reduced total debt by $515 million. During the past two years, the Company has reduced total debt by over $500 million and its ratio of debt to total capitalization from 55.4 percent to 47.9 percent. The Company expects to further reduce debt as a percent of total capitalization in 2005.

39


       In 2005, the Company will continue its focus on improved financial performance. While industry conditions are expected to improve further, volatility in feedstock and energy costs adds uncertainty to that outlook. The Company plans to further improve productivity while increasing its investment in targeted growth opportunities. Capital expenditures are expected to increase to $1.5 billion in 2005, an amount significantly below the level of depreciation, but sufficient to maintain the safety and reliability of the Company's facilities while modestly increasing capacity in selected high-value businesses.

       Approximately $861 million in debt will become due in 2005. The Company will either issue additional debt or will utilize a portion of its short-term investments to pay down this debt as scheduled. The Company has sufficient cash to meet its scheduled debt obligations in 2005.

OTHER MATTERS

Accounting Changes

See Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of accounting changes and recently issued accounting pronouncements.

Critical Accounting Policies

The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in the Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes. Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Following are the Company's critical accounting policies impacted by judgments, assumptions and estimates:

    Litigation

    The Company is subject to legal proceedings and claims arising out of the normal course of business. The Company routinely assesses the likelihood of any adverse judgments or outcomes to these matters, as well as ranges of probable losses. A determination of the amount of the reserves required, if any, for these contingencies is made after thoughtful analysis of each known issue and an actuarial analysis of historical claims experience for incurred but not reported matters. Dow has an active risk management program consisting of numerous insurance policies secured from many carriers. These policies provide coverage that is utilized to minimize the impact, if any, of the legal proceedings. The required reserves may change in the future due to new developments in each matter. For further discussion, see Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

    Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation

    Union Carbide Corporation ("Union Carbide"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, and a former Union Carbide subsidiary, Amchem Products, Inc. ("Amchem"), are and have been involved in a large number of asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts during the past three decades. Based on a study completed by Analysis, Research & Planning Corporation ("ARPC") in January 2003, Union Carbide increased its December 31, 2002 asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims for the 15-year period ending in 2017 to $2.2 billion, excluding future defense and processing costs. Union Carbide also increased the receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability to $1.35 billion at December 31, 2002.

           In November 2004, Union Carbide requested ARPC to review Union Carbide's historical asbestos claim and resolution activity and determine the appropriateness of updating its January 2003 study. In January 2005, ARPC provided Union Carbide with a report summarizing the results of its study.

           Based on ARPC's January 2003 and January 2005 studies, Union Carbide's recent asbestos litigation experience, and the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and legislative reform efforts, Union Carbide's management determined that no change to the accrual was required at December 31, 2004. Furthermore, based on the low end of the range in the January 2005 study, Union Carbide's recorded asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims at December 31, 2004 would be sufficient to resolve asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem into 2019.

           Union Carbide's asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims was $1.6 billion at December 31, 2004 and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2003. Union Carbide's receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability

40


    was $712 million at December 31, 2004 and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2003. In addition, Union Carbide had receivables for insurance recoveries of $491 million at December 31, 2004 and $349 million at December 31, 2003, for defense and resolution costs.

           The amounts recorded by Union Carbide for the asbestos-related liability and related insurance receivable were based upon current, known facts. However, projecting future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed and/or received each year, the average cost of disposing of each such claim, coverage issues among insurers, and the continuing solvency of various insurance companies, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation in the United States, could cause the actual costs and insurance recoveries for Union Carbide to be higher or lower than those projected or those recorded.

           For additional information, see Legal Proceedings, Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

    Environmental Matters

    The Company determines the costs of environmental remediation of its facilities and formerly owned facilities based on evaluations of current law and existing technologies. Inherent uncertainties exist in such evaluations primarily due to unknown conditions, changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, and evolving technologies. The recorded liabilities are adjusted periodically as remediation efforts progress, or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. In the case of landfills and other active waste management facilities, Dow recognizes the costs over the useful life of the facility. The Company had accrued obligations of $381 million at December 31, 2003, for environmental remediation and restoration costs, including $40 million for the remediation of Superfund sites. At December 31, 2004, the Company had accrued obligations of $380 million for environmental remediation and restoration costs, including $45 million for the remediation of Superfund sites. This is management's best estimate of the costs for remediation and restoration with respect to environmental matters for which the Company has accrued liabilities, although the ultimate cost with respect to these particular matters could range up to twice that amount. For further discussion, see Environmental Matters in Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

    Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits

    The amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements related to pension and other postretirement benefits are determined from actuarial valuations. Inherent in these valuations are assumptions including expected return on plan assets, discount rates at which the liabilities could be settled at December 31, 2004, rate of increase in future compensation levels, mortality rates and health care cost trend rates. These assumptions are updated annually and are disclosed in Note M to the Consolidated Financial Statements. In accordance with GAAP, actual results that differ from the assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, affect expense recognized and obligations recorded in future periods. The U.S. pension plans represent approximately 75 percent of the Company's pension plan assets and obligations. The information that follows relates to the U.S. plans only; a similar approach is used for the Company's non-U.S. plans.

           The Company determined the expected long-term rate of return on assets by performing a bottom-up analysis of historical and expected returns based on the strategic asset allocation approved by the Finance Committee of the Board of Directors and the underlying return fundamentals of each asset class. The Company's historical experience with the pension fund asset performance and comparisons to expected returns of peer companies with similar fund assets are also considered. The long-term rate of return assumption used for determining net periodic pension expense for 2004 was 9 percent. This assumption was reduced to 8.75 percent for determining 2005 net periodic pension expense. The Company's historical actual return averaged 11 percent for the ten-year period ending December 31, 2004. The actual rate of return in 2004 was 12 percent. Future actual pension expense will depend on future investment performance, changes in future discount rates and various other factors related to the population of participants in the Company's pension plans. A 25 basis point adjustment in the long-term return on assets assumption would change total pension expense for 2005 by approximately $24 million.

           The discount rate utilized for determining future pension obligations of the principal U.S. qualified plans is based on a broad-based index of high quality bonds receiving an AA- or better rating by a recognized rating agency and matched to the future expected cash flows by half-year periods by plan. The resulting discount rate decreased from 6.25 percent at December 31, 2003, to 5.875 percent at December 31, 2004. A 25 basis point adjustment in the discount rate assumption would change total pension expense for 2005 by approximately $26 million, with an immaterial change to other postretirement benefit expense due to defined dollar limits (caps).

41


           The value of the principal U.S. qualified plan assets increased from $8.6 billion at December 31, 2003, to $9.2 billion at December 31, 2004. The impact of favorable investment performance was reduced by the decline in the assumed discount rate, resulting in an increase of $162 million in the funded status shortfall from December 31, 2003 to December 31, 2004.

           For 2005, the Company maintained its assumption for the long-term rate of increase in compensation levels for the principal U.S. qualified plans of 4.5 percent. Since 2002, the Company has used a generation mortality table to determine the duration of its pension and other postretirement obligation.

           The following discussion relates to all of the Company's pension and other postretirement benefit plans.

           The Company bases the determination of pension expense or income on a market-related valuation of plan assets, which reduces year-to-year volatility. This market-related valuation recognizes investment gains or losses over a five-year period from the year in which they occur. Investment gains or losses for this purpose represent the difference between the expected return calculated using the market-related value of plan assets and the actual return based on the market value of plan assets. Since the market-related value of plan assets recognizes gains or losses over a five-year period, the future value of plan assets will be impacted when previously deferred gains or losses are recorded. Over the life of the plan, both gains and losses have been recognized and amortized. For the year ended December 31, 2004, net losses of $870 million remain to be recognized by the qualified plans in the calculation of the market-related value of plan assets. These net losses will result in increases in future pension expense as they are recognized in the market-related value of assets. The increase or decrease in the market-related value of assets due to the recognition of prior gains and losses is presented in the following table:


 
Increase (Decrease) in Market-Related Asset Value
Due to Recognition of Prior Asset Gains and Losses
 
In millions        

 
2005   $ (698 )
2006     (327 )
2007     139  
2008     16  

 
Total   $ (870 )

 

           Based on the revised pension assumptions and changes in the market-related value of assets due to the recognition of prior asset gains and losses, the Company expects to record approximately $110 million of incremental expense for all pension and other postretirement benefits in 2005. The Company also expects to make contributions of $300 million to its pension plans in 2005.

    Income Taxes

    Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, applying enacted tax rates expected to be in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Based on the evaluation of available evidence, both positive and negative, the Company recognizes future tax benefits, such as net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards, to the extent that realizing these benefits is considered to be more likely than not.

           At December 31, 2004, the Company had a net deferred tax asset balance of $3.2 billion, after valuation allowances of $165 million.

           In evaluating the ability to realize the deferred tax assets, the Company relies principally on forecasted taxable income using historical and projected future operating results, the reversal of existing temporary differences and the availability of tax planning strategies.

           At December 31, 2004, the Company had deferred tax assets for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards of $2.5 billion, $109 million of which is subject to expiration in the years 2005-2009. In order to realize these deferred tax assets for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards, the Company needs taxable income of approximately $6.3 billion across multiple jurisdictions. The taxable income needed to realize the deferred tax assets for tax loss and tax credit carryforwards that are subject to expiration between 2005-2009 is approximately $391 million.

           The Company accrues for tax contingencies when it is probable that a liability to a taxing authority has been incurred and the amount of the contingency can be reasonably estimated, based on past experience. The tax contingency reserve is adjusted for changes in circumstances and additional uncertainties, such as significant amendments to existing tax law.

42


           At December 31, 2004, the Company had a tax contingency reserve for both domestic and foreign issues of $748 million.

           For additional information, see Note T to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

Environmental Matters

Environmental Policies

Dow is committed to world-class environmental, health and safety ("EH&S") performance, as demonstrated by a long-standing commitment to RESPONSIBLE CARE and progress made toward the Company's EH&S Goals for 2005. In 1996, Dow publicly announced its voluntary global EH&S 2005 Goals–ambitious performance targets to measure progress toward sustainable development, including targets to reduce chemical emissions, waste and wastewater by 50 percent. Equally aggressive are Dow's EH&S 2005 Goals to reduce leaks, spills, fires, explosions, work-related injuries and transportation incidents by 90 percent. Dow continues to work aggressively toward attainment of these goals and its "Vision of Zero." More information on Dow's performance regarding environmental matters and goals can be found online on Dow's Environment, Health and Safety webpage at www.dow.com.

       To meet the Company's public commitments, as well as the stringent laws and government regulations related to environmental protection and remediation to which its global operations are subject, Dow has well-defined policies, requirements and management systems. Dow's EH&S Management System ("EMS") defines for the businesses the "who, what, when and how" needed to achieve the Company's policies, requirements, performance objectives, leadership expectations and public commitments. EMS is also designed to minimize the long-term cost of environmental protection and to comply with these laws and regulations. In 2002 and 2003, the security aspects of Dow's EMS were strengthened to require that Site Vulnerability Assessments be conducted to ensure appropriate safeguards to protect Dow's employees and physical assets in a post-9/11 world. Furthermore, to ensure effective utilization, the EMS is integrated into a company-wide management system for EH&S, Operations, Quality and Human Resources.

       It is Dow's policy to adhere to a waste management hierarchy that minimizes the impact of wastes and emissions on the environment. First, Dow works to eliminate or minimize the generation of waste and emissions at the source through research, process design, plant operations and maintenance. Second, Dow finds ways to reuse and recycle materials. Finally, unusable or non-recyclable hazardous waste is treated before disposal to eliminate or reduce the hazardous nature and volume of the waste. Treatment may include destruction by chemical, physical, biological or thermal means. Disposal of waste materials in landfills is considered only after all other options have been thoroughly evaluated. Dow has specific requirements for wastes that are transferred to non-Dow facilities, including the periodic auditing of these facilities.

       Dow believes third-party verification is a cornerstone of world-class EH&S performance and building public trust. Numerous Dow sites in Europe, Latin America, Australia and North America have received third-party verification of Dow's compliance with RESPONSIBLE CARE and with outside specifications such as ISO-14001. Additional sites in the United States will receive third-party auditing over the next three years in support of new industry-wide RESPONSIBLE CARE expectations. In 2004, for the third year in a row, Dow received the American Chemistry Council's RESPONSIBLE CARE Employee Health & Safety Code Sustained Excellence Award. The annual Sustained Excellence Award recognizes companies that have demonstrated outstanding safety records over a three-year period. Dow remains the only company from the "large" size category to ever receive this award. For the sixth year in a row, Dow was also included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index.

       Dow's EH&S policies helped the Company achieve excellent safety performance in 2004. Dow improved its personal injury and illness OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) rate, with 70 percent of Dow's facilities recording no injuries at all, although, tragically, there were two fatalities during 2004. The Company also posted a significant reduction in leaks, breaks and spills, and notices of violation from environmental regulatory agencies in 2004. Improvement in environmental compliance remains a top management priority, with initiatives underway to further improve compliance in 2005.

Climate Change

There is a growing political and scientific consensus that emissions of greenhouse gases ("GHG") due to human activities continue to alter the composition of the global atmosphere in ways that are affecting the climate. Political debates continue about how to implement fair and effective GHG mitigation efforts. Dow takes global climate change very seriously and is not waiting for the resolution of the debate. Dow is committed to reducing its GHG intensity (pounds of GHG per pound of product), developing climate-friendly products and processes and, over the longer term, implementing technology solutions to achieve even greater climate change improvements. Since 1995, Dow has reduced GHG intensity by over 40 percent. Total

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direct emissions of GHG have also been significantly reduced. This trend could reverse, however, depending on business growth, capacity utilization and the pace of new technology development.

       Given the uncertainties regarding implementation of the Kyoto Protocol and related climate change policies, it is speculative to engage in an assessment of either the potential liability or benefit associated with climate change issues. Since 1994, the Company has achieved a 21 percent improvement in energy intensity (the amount of energy required to produce one pound of product). In doing so, it has avoided consuming more than 290 trillion Btus, a savings equivalent to all of the electricity used by the residential users in the State of California in one year. These efficiency improvements also result in the reduction of GHG emissions.

       Dow also contributes to the climate change solution by producing products that help others reduce GHG emissions, such as lightweight plastics for automobiles and insulation for energy efficient homes and appliances. In 2004, Dow demonstrated its commitment to technological innovation and conservation though its exploration of renewable energy sources. In February 2004, Dow and General Motors announced the start-up of a joint project to prove the viability of hydrogen fuel cells for large industrial power systems, using hydrogen from the Company's production processes at its Freeport, Texas, facility. In November, the project was expanded from a single test cell to a multi-test pilot plant, which will generate up to one megawatt of electricity.

       Dow has formed a Climate Change and Energy Policy Strategy Board to establish the Company's direction regarding GHG management, including GHG emission credit trading.

Environmental Remediation

Dow accrues the costs of remediation of its facilities and formerly owned facilities based on current law and existing technologies. The nature of such remediation includes, for example, the management of soil and groundwater contamination and the closure of contaminated landfills and other waste management facilities. In the case of landfills and other active waste management facilities, Dow recognizes the costs over the useful life of the facility. The accounting policies adopted to properly reflect the monetary impacts of environmental matters are discussed in Note A to the Consolidated Financial Statements. To assess the impact on the financial statements, environmental experts review currently available facts to evaluate the probability and scope of potential liabilities. Inherent uncertainties exist in such evaluations primarily due to unknown conditions, changing governmental regulations and legal standards regarding liability, and evolving technologies. These liabilities are adjusted periodically as remediation efforts progress or as additional technical or legal information becomes available. Dow had an accrued liability of $335 million at December 31, 2004, related to the remediation of current or former Dow-owned sites. The liability related to remediation at December 31, 2003 was $341 million. The Company has not recorded any third-party recovery related to these sites as a receivable.

       In addition to current and former Dow-owned sites, under the Federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act and equivalent state laws (hereafter referred to collectively as "Superfund Law"), Dow is liable for remediation of other hazardous waste sites where Dow allegedly disposed of, or arranged for the treatment or disposal of, hazardous substances. Dow readily cooperates in the remediation of these sites where the Company's liability is clear, thereby minimizing legal and administrative costs. Because Superfund Law imposes joint and several liability upon each party at a site, Dow has evaluated its potential liability in light of the number of other companies that also have been named potentially responsible parties ("PRPs") at each site, the estimated apportionment of costs among all PRPs, and the financial ability and commitment of each to pay its expected share. The Company's remaining liability for the remediation of Superfund sites at December 31, 2004 was $45 million. At December 31, 2003, the Company's liability for the remediation of Superfund sites was $40 million.

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       Information regarding environmental sites is provided below:


 
Environmental Sites   Dow-owned Sites (1)   Superfund Sites (2)  
    2004   2003   2004   2003  

 
Number of sites at January 1   216   219   79   88  
Sites added during year   5   3   9   6  
Sites closed during year   (5 ) (6 ) (27 ) (15 )

 
Number of sites at December 31   216   216   61   79  

 
(1) Dow-owned sites are sites currently or formerly owned by Dow, where remediation obligations are imposed (in the United States) by the Resource Conservation Recovery Act or analogous state law. 130 of these sites were formerly owned by Dowell Schlumberger, Inc., a group of companies in which the Company previously owned a 50 percent interest. Dow sold its interest in Dowell Schlumberger in 1992.  
(2) Superfund sites are sites, including sites not owned by Dow, where remediation obligations are imposed by Superfund Law.  

       The Company's manufacturing sites in Freeport, Texas, and Midland, Michigan, are the sites for which the Company has the largest environmental remediation accruals. From the start of operations at the Freeport site in the 1940s until the mid-1970s, manufacturing wastes were typically placed in on-site pits and landfills. The resulting soil and groundwater contamination is being assessed and remediated under the provisions of the Resource Conservation Recovery Act ("RCRA"), in concert with the state of Texas. At December 31, 2004, the Company had an accrual of $81 million related to environmental remediation at the Freeport manufacturing site. In 2004, $7 million was spent on environmental remediation at the Freeport site.

       Similar to the Freeport site, in the early days of operations at the Midland site, manufacturing wastes were usually disposed of on-site, resulting in soil and groundwater contamination, which has been contained and managed on-site under a series of RCRA permits and regulatory agreements. The most recent Hazardous Waste Operating License for the Midland site, issued in 2003, also included provisions for the Company to conduct an investigation to determine the nature and extent of off-site contamination from historic Midland site operations. The scope of the investigation includes Midland area soils; Tittabawassee and Saginaw River sediment and floodplain soils; and Saginaw Bay and requires the Company to conduct interim response actions. See Note K to the Consolidated Financial Statement for additional information. At December 31, 2004, the Company had an accrual of $59 million for environmental remediation and investigation associated with the Midland site. In 2004, the Company spent $14 million on environmental remediation at the Midland site.

       In total, the Company's accrued liability for probable environmental remediation and restoration costs was $380 million at December 31, 2004, compared with $381 million at the end of 2003. This is management's best estimate of the costs for remediation and restoration with respect to environmental matters for which the Company has accrued liabilities, although the ultimate cost with respect to these particular matters could range up to twice that amount. It is the opinion of the Company's management that the possibility is remote that costs in excess of those accrued or disclosed will have a material adverse impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

       The amounts charged to income on a pretax basis related to environmental remediation totaled $85 million in 2004, $68 million in 2003 and $52 million in 2002. Capital expenditures for environmental protection were $116 million in 2004, $132 million in 2003 and $147 million in 2002.

Asbestos-Related Matters of Union Carbide Corporation

Introduction

Union Carbide Corporation ("Union Carbide"), a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, is and has been involved in a large number of asbestos-related suits filed primarily in state courts during the past three decades. These suits principally allege personal injury resulting from exposure to asbestos-containing products and frequently seek both actual and punitive damages. The alleged claims primarily relate to products that Union Carbide sold in the past, alleged exposure to asbestos-containing products located on Union Carbide's premises, and Union Carbide's responsibility for asbestos suits filed against a former Union Carbide subsidiary, Amchem Products, Inc. ("Amchem"). In many cases, plaintiffs are unable to demonstrate that they have suffered any compensable loss as a result of such exposure, or that injuries incurred in fact resulted from exposure to Union Carbide's products.

       Influenced by the bankruptcy filings of numerous defendants in asbestos-related litigation and the prospects of various forms of state and national legislative reform, the rate at which plaintiffs filed asbestos-related suits against various

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companies, including Union Carbide and Amchem, increased in 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003. In the second half of 2003 and throughout 2004, the rate of filing significantly abated. Union Carbide expects more asbestos-related suits to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem in the future, and will aggressively defend or reasonably resolve, as appropriate, both pending and future claims.

       The table below provides information regarding asbestos-related claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem:


 
    2004   2003   2002  

 
Claims unresolved at January 1   193,891   200,882   126,564  
Claims filed   58,240   122,586   121,916  
Claims settled, dismissed or otherwise resolved   (48,715 ) (129,577 ) (47,598 )

 
Claims unresolved at December 31   203,416   193,891   200,882  
Claimants with claims against both Union Carbide and Amchem   73,587   66,656   66,008  

 
Individual claimants at December 31   129,829   127,235   134,874  

 

       A review of a representative sample of cases outstanding at December 31, 2004 showed that in more than 98 percent of the cases filed against Union Carbide and Amchem, no specific amount of damages is alleged or, if an amount is alleged, it merely represents jurisdictional amounts or amounts to be proven at trial. This percentage increased with the more recently filed cases included in the review. Even in those situations where specific damages are alleged, the claims frequently seek the same amount of damages, irrespective of the disease or injury. Plaintiffs' lawyers often sue dozens or even hundreds of defendants in individual lawsuits on behalf of hundreds or even thousands of claimants. As a result, even when specific damages are alleged with respect to a specific disease or injury, those damages are not expressly identified as to Union Carbide, Amchem or any other particular defendant. In fact, there are no personal injury cases in which only Union Carbide and/or Amchem are the sole named defendants. For these reasons and based upon Union Carbide's litigation and settlement experience, Union Carbide does not consider the damages alleged against Union Carbide and Amchem to be a meaningful factor in its determination of any potential asbestos liability.

Estimating the Liability

Through the third quarter of 2002, Union Carbide had concluded it was not possible to estimate its cost of disposing of asbestos-related claims that might be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem in the future due to a number of reasons. During the third and fourth quarters of 2002, Union Carbide worked with Analysis, Research & Planning Corporation ("ARPC"), a consulting firm with broad experience in estimating resolution costs associated with mass tort litigation, including asbestos, to explore whether it would be possible to estimate the cost of disposing of pending and future asbestos-related claims that have been, and could reasonably be expected to be, filed against Union Carbide and Amchem. ARPC concluded that it was not possible to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem because of various uncertainties associated with the litigation of those claims. Despite its inability to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims, ARPC advised Union Carbide that it would be possible to determine an estimate of a reasonable forecast of the cost of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims likely to face Union Carbide and Amchem if certain assumptions were made. As a result, the following assumptions were made and then used by ARPC:

In the near term, the number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will be at
a level consistent with levels experienced immediately prior to 2001.
The number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will decline at a fairly
constant rate each year from 2003.
The average resolution value for pending and future claims will be equivalent to those experienced
during 2001 and 2002.

       Based on the resulting study completed by ARPC in January 2003, Union Carbide increased its December 31, 2002 asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims for the 15-year period ending in 2017 to $2.2 billion, excluding future defense and processing costs. Approximately 28 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 72 percent related to future claims.

       At each balance sheet date, Union Carbide compares current asbestos claim and resolution activity to the assumptions in the ARPC study to determine whether the accrual continues to be appropriate.

       In November 2003, Union Carbide requested ARPC to review Union Carbide's asbestos claim and resolution activity during 2003 and determine the appropriateness of updating the study. In response to that request, ARPC reviewed and analyzed data through November 25, 2003 to determine the number of asbestos-related filings and costs associated with

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2003 activity. In January 2004, ARPC stated that an update at that time would not provide a more likely estimate of future events than that reflected in its study of the previous year and, therefore, the estimate in that study remained applicable. Based on Union Carbide's own review of the asbestos claim and resolution activity and ARPC's response, Union Carbide determined that no change to the accrual was required at December 31, 2003.

       In November 2004, Union Carbide again requested ARPC to review Union Carbide's historical asbestos claim and resolution activity and determine the appropriateness of updating the January 2003 study. In response to this request, ARPC reviewed and analyzed data through November 14, 2004, and again concluded that it was not possible to estimate the full range of the cost of resolving future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem because of various uncertainties associated with the litigation of those claims. ARPC did advise Union Carbide, however, that it was reasonable and feasible to construct a new estimate of the cost to Union Carbide of resolving current and future asbestos-related claims using the same two widely used forecasting methodologies used by ARPC in its January 2003 study, if certain assumptions were made. As a result, the following assumptions were made and then used by ARPC:

The number of future claims to be filed annually against Union Carbide and Amchem is unlikely to
exceed the level of claims experienced during 2004.
The number of claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem annually from 2001 to 2003 is
considered anomalous for the purpose of estimating future filings.
The number of future claims to be filed against Union Carbide and Amchem will decline at a
fairly constant rate each year from 2005.
The average resolution value for pending and future claims will be equivalent to those experienced
during 2003 and 2004 (excluding settlements from closed claims filed in Madison County, Illinois
with respect to future claims, as those settlements are not considered to be relevant for predicting
the cost of resolving future claims).

       The resulting study completed by ARPC in January 2005 stated that the undiscounted cost to Union Carbide of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem, excluding future defense and processing costs, through 2017 was estimated to be between approximately $1.5 billion and $2.0 billion, depending on which of the two accepted methodologies was used. At December 31, 2004, Union Carbide's recorded asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims was $1.6 billion. Based on the low end of the range in the January 2005 study, Union Carbide's recorded asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims at December 31, 2004 would be sufficient to resolve asbestos-related claims against Union Carbide and Amchem into 2019. As in its January 2003 study, ARPC did provide estimates for a longer period of time in its January 2005 study, but also reaffirmed its prior advice that forecasts for shorter periods of time are more accurate than those for longer periods of time.

       Union Carbide's asbestos-related liability for pending and future claims was $1.6 billion at December 31, 2004 and $1.9 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, approximately 37 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 63 percent related to future claims. At December 31, 2003, approximately 33 percent of the recorded liability related to pending claims and approximately 67 percent related to future claims.

       Based on ARPC's January 2003 and January 2005 studies, Union Carbide's recent asbestos litigation experience, and the uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation and legislative reform efforts, Union Carbide's management determined that no change to the accrual was required at December 31, 2004.

Defense and Resolution Costs

The following table provides information regarding defense and resolution costs related to asbestos-related claims filed against Union Carbide and Amchem:


Defense and Resolution Costs at December 31                  
In millions     2004     2003     2002

Defense costs for the year   $ 86   $ 110   $ 92
Aggregate defense costs to date     344     258     148
Resolution costs for the year     300     293     155
Aggregate resolution costs to date     926     626     333

       The annual average resolution payment per asbestos claimant and the rate of new claim filings has fluctuated both up and down since the beginning of 2001. Union Carbide's management expects such fluctuations to continue in the future based upon the number and type of claims settled in a particular period, the jurisdictions in which such claims arose, and the extent to which any proposed legislative reform related to asbestos litigation is being considered. The average cost of resolving claims increased during 2004 due to the resolution of a large percentage of claims alleging mesothelioma as an

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illness and the resolution of a large percentage of claims from difficult jurisdictions. Additionally, Union Carbide found it advantageous to resolve a relatively large number of cases in 2004 that would normally not have been resolved until 2005, based on past practice.

Insurance Receivables

At December 31, 2002, Union Carbide increased the receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability to $1.35 billion, substantially exhausting its asbestos product liability coverage. Combined with the previously mentioned increase in the asbestos-related liability at December 31, 2002, this resulted in a net charge to Union Carbide's income statement of $828 million, $522 million on an after-tax basis, in the fourth quarter of 2002.

       The insurance receivable related to the asbestos liability was determined by Union Carbide after a thorough review of applicable insurance policies and the 1985 Wellington Agreement, to which Union Carbide and many of its liability insurers are signatory parties, as well as other insurance settlements, with due consideration given to applicable deductibles, retentions and policy limits, and taking into account the solvency and historical payment experience of various insurance carriers.

       Union Carbide's receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability was $712 million at December 31, 2004 and $1.0 billion at December 31, 2003. At December 31, 2004, $464 million of the receivable for insurance recoveries was related to insurers that are not signatories to the Wellington Agreement and/or do not otherwise have agreements in place regarding their asbestos-related insurance coverage.

       In addition, Union Carbide had receivables for defense and resolution costs submitted to insurance carriers for reimbursement as follows:


Receivables for Costs Submitted to Insurance Carriers
at December 31
In millions     2004     2003

Receivables for defense costs   $ 85   $ 94
Receivables for resolution costs     406     255

Total   $ 491   $ 349

       Union Carbide's insurance policies generally provide coverage for asbestos liability costs, including coverage for both resolution and defense costs. As previously noted, Union Carbide increased its receivable for insurance recoveries related to its asbestos liability at December 31, 2002, thereby recording the full favorable income statement impact of its insurance coverage in 2002. Accordingly, defense and resolution costs recovered from insurers reduce Union Carbide's insurance receivable. Prior to increasing the insurance receivable related to the asbestos liability at December 31, 2002, the impact on Union Carbide's results of operations for defense costs was the amount of those costs not covered by insurance. Since Union Carbide expenses defense costs as incurred, defense costs for asbestos-related litigation (net of insurance) have impacted, and will continue to impact, results of operations. The pretax impact for defense and resolution costs, net of insurance, was $82 million in 2004, $94 million in 2003, and $9 million in 2002, and was reflected in "Cost of sales."

       In September 2003, Union Carbide filed a comprehensive insurance coverage case in the Circuit Court for Kanawha County in Charleston, West Virginia, seeking to confirm its rights to insurance for various asbestos claims (the "West Virginia action"). Although Union Carbide already has settlements in place concerning coverage for asbestos claims with many of its insurers, including those covered by the 1985 Wellington Agreement, this lawsuit was filed against insurers that are not signatories to the Wellington Agreement and/or do not otherwise have agreements in place with Union Carbide regarding their asbestos-related insurance coverage. Union Carbide continues to believe that its recorded receivable for insurance recoveries from all insurance carriers is collectible. Union Carbide reached this conclusion after a further review of its insurance policies, with due consideration given to applicable deductibles, retentions and policy limits, after taking into account the solvency and historical payment experience of various insurance carriers; existing insurance settlements; and the advice of outside counsel with respect to the applicable insurance coverage law relating to the terms and conditions of its insurance policies. In early 2004, several of the defendant insurers in the West Virginia action filed a competing action in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York. As a result of motion practice, the West Virginia action was dismissed in August 2004 on the basis of forum non conveniens (i.e., West Virginia is an inconvenient location for the parties). The comprehensive insurance coverage litigation is now proceeding in the New York courts.

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Summary

The amounts recorded by Union Carbide for the asbestos-related liability and related insurance receivable described above were based upon current, known facts. However, projecting future events, such as the number of new claims to be filed and/or received each year, the average cost of disposing of each such claim, coverage issues among insurers, and the continuing solvency of various insurance companies, as well as the numerous uncertainties surrounding asbestos litigation in the United States, could cause the actual costs and insurance recoveries for Union Carbide to be higher or lower than those projected or those recorded.

       Because of the uncertainties described above, Union Carbide's management cannot estimate the full range of the cost of resolving pending and future asbestos-related claims facing Union Carbide and Amchem. Union Carbide's management believes that it is reasonably possible that the cost of disposing of Union Carbide's asbestos-related claims, including future defense costs, could have a material adverse impact on Union Carbide's results of operations and cash flows for a particular period and on the consolidated financial position of Union Carbide.

       It is the opinion of Dow's management that it is reasonably possible that the cost of Union Carbide disposing of its asbestos-related claims, including future defense costs, could have a material adverse impact on the Company's results of operations and cash flows for a particular period and on the consolidated financial position of the Company.

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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.


Dow's business operations give rise to market risk exposure due to changes in foreign exchange rates, interest rates, commodity prices and other market factors such as equity prices. To manage such risks effectively, the Company enters into hedging transactions, pursuant to established guidelines and policies, which enable it to mitigate the adverse effects of financial market risk. Derivatives used for this purpose are designated as hedges per SFAS No. 133, "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities," where appropriate. A secondary objective is to add value by creating additional non-specific exposure within established limits and policies; derivatives used for this purpose are not designated as hedges per SFAS No. 133. The potential impact of creating such additional exposures is not material to the Company's results.

       The global nature of Dow's business requires active participation in the foreign exchange markets. As a result of investments, production facilities and other operations on a global basis, the Company has assets, liabilities and cash flows in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The primary objective of the Company's foreign exchange risk management is to optimize the U.S. dollar value of net assets and cash flows, keeping the adverse impact of currency movements to a minimum. To achieve this objective, the Company hedges on a net exposure basis using foreign currency forward contracts, over-the-counter option contracts, cross-currency swaps, and nonderivative instruments in foreign currencies. Main exposures are related to assets and liabilities denominated in the currencies of Europe, Asia Pacific and Canada; bonds denominated in foreign currencies – mainly the Euro and Japanese yen; and economic exposure derived from the risk that currency fluctuations could affect the U.S. dollar value of future cash flows. The majority of the foreign exchange exposure is related to European currencies and the Japanese yen.

       The main objective of interest rate risk management is to reduce the total funding cost to the Company and to alter the interest rate exposure to the desired risk profile. Dow uses interest rate swaps, "swaptions," and exchange-traded instruments to accomplish this objective. The Company's primary exposure is to the U.S. dollar yield curve.

       Dow has a portfolio of equity securities derived from its acquisition and divestiture activity. This exposure is managed in a manner consistent with the Company's market risk policies and procedures.

       Inherent in Dow's business is exposure to price changes for several commodities. Some exposures can be hedged effectively through liquid tradable financial instruments. Cracker feedstocks and natural gas constitute the main commodity exposures. Over-the-counter and exchange traded instruments are used to hedge these risks when feasible.

       Dow uses value at risk ("VAR"), stress testing and scenario analysis for risk measurement and control purposes. VAR estimates the potential gain or loss in fair market values, given a certain move in prices over a certain period of time, using specified confidence levels. On an ongoing basis, the Company estimates the maximum gain or loss that could arise in one day, given a two-standard-deviation move in the respective price levels. These amounts are relatively insignificant in comparison to the size of the equity of the Company. The VAR methodology used by Dow is based primarily on the variance/covariance statistical model. The year-end VAR and average daily VAR for the aggregate of non-trading and trading positions for 2004 and 2003 are shown below:


Total Daily VAR at December 31*     2004     2003
In millions     Year-end     Average     Year-end     Average

Foreign exchange   $ 2   $ 2   $ 1   $ 2
Interest rate     80     87     109     108
Equity exposures, net of hedges     1     2     2     2
Commodities     26     29     12     14

*Using a 95 percent confidence level

       See Note I to the Consolidated Financial Statements for further disclosure regarding market risk.

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The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
PART II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.


Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company's internal control framework and processes were designed to provide reasonable assurance to management and the Board of Directors regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company's consolidated financial statements for external purposes in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

       Management recognizes its responsibility for fostering a strong ethical climate so that the Company's affairs are conducted according to the highest standards of personal and corporate conduct.

       The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;
provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded properly to allow for the preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Directors of the Company;
provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements; and
provide reasonable assurance as to the detection of fraud.

       Because of its inherent limitations, a system of internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance and may not prevent or detect misstatements. Further, because of changing conditions, effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting may vary over time. The Company's processes contain self-monitoring mechanisms, and actions are taken to correct deficiencies as they are identified.

       Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting and concluded that, as of December 31, 2004, such internal control is effective. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal Control – Integrated Framework.

       To comply with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Company designed and implemented a structured and comprehensive compliance process to evaluate its internal control over financial reporting across the enterprise.

       In addition, the Company maintains an internal auditing program that independently assesses the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including testing of the five COSO elements, and recommends possible improvements.

       The Company's independent auditors, Deloitte & Touche LLP, with direct access to the Company's Board of Directors through its Audit Committee, have audited the consolidated financial statements prepared by the Company. Their report on the consolidated financial statements is included in this Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data. Management's assessment of the Company's internal control over financial reporting has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, as stated in their report included in Part II, Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Management's Process to Assess the Effectiveness of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Management's conclusion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting is based on a thorough and comprehensive evaluation and analysis of the five elements of COSO (shown in italics below), and is based on, but not limited to, the following:

Documentation of entity-wide controls establishing the culture and "tone-at-the-top" of the organization, in support of Dow's Control Environment, Risk Assessment Process, Information and Communication policies and the ongoing Monitoring of these control processes and systems.
An evaluation of Control Activities by work process. Key controls and compensating controls were documented and tested by each work process within the Company, including controls over all relevant financial statement assertions related to all significant accounts and disclosures. Internal control deficiencies were identified and prioritized, and appropriate remediation action plans were defined, implemented and retested.

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A centralized review and analysis of all internal control deficiencies across the enterprise to determine whether such deficiencies, either separately or in the aggregate, represented a significant deficiency or material weakness.
An evaluation of any changes in work processes, systems, organization or policy that could materially impact internal control over financial reporting.
Internal control conclusions from managers, work process owners and significant nonconsolidated affiliates.

/s/ ANDREW N. LIVERIS
  /s/ J. PEDRO REINHARD
Andrew N. Liveris
President and Chief Executive Officer
  J. Pedro Reinhard
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

/s/ FRANK H. BROD


 

 
Frank H. Brod
Vice President and Controller
   

February 9, 2005

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of
The Dow Chemical Company:

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of The Dow Chemical Company and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders' equity, comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15 (a) 2. These financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements and the financial statement schedule based on our audits.

       We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

       In our opinion, such consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of The Dow Chemical Company and subsidiaries at December 31, 2004 and 2003, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2004, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also, in our opinion, such financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

       As discussed in Note A to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2002, the Company changed its method of accounting for goodwill to conform to Statements of Financial Accounting Standards Nos. 141 and 142.

       As discussed in Notes A and O to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2003, the Company changed its method of accounting for stock-based compensation to conform to Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 for new grants of equity instruments to employees.

       We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2004, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 9, 2005 expressed an unqualified opinion on management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting and an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

/s/ DELOITTE & TOUCHE LLP
   
Deloitte & Touche LLP
Midland, Michigan
February 9, 2005
   

53


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Statements of Income

(In millions, except per share amounts) For the years ended December 31     2004     2003     2002  

 
Net Sales   $ 40,161   $ 32,632   $ 27,609  

 
  Cost of sales     34,244     28,177     23,780  
  Research and development expenses     1,022     981     1,066  
  Selling, general and administrative expenses     1,436     1,392     1,598  
  Amortization of intangibles     81     63     65  
  Restructuring net gain     20          
  Merger-related expenses and restructuring             280  
  Asbestos-related charge             828  
  Equity in earnings of nonconsolidated affiliates     923     322     40  
  Sundry income – net     136     146     54  
  Interest income     86     92     66  
  Interest expense and amortization of debt discount     747     828     774  

 
Income (Loss) before Income Taxes and Minority Interests     3,796     1,751     (622 )

 
  Provision (Credit) for income taxes     877     (82 )   (280 )
  Minority interests' share in income     122     94     63  

 
Income (Loss) before Cumulative Effect of Changes in Accounting Principles     2,797     1,739     (405 )

 
  Cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles         (9 )   67  

 
Net Income (Loss) Available for Common Stockholders   $ 2,797   $ 1,730   $ (338 )

 
Share Data                    
  Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – basic   $ 2.98   $ 1.89   $ (0.44 )
  Earnings (Loss) per common share – basic   $ 2.98   $ 1.88   $ (0.37 )
  Earnings (Loss) before cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles per common share – diluted   $ 2.93   $ 1.88   $ (0.44 )
  Earnings (Loss) per common share – diluted   $ 2.93   $ 1.87   $ (0.37 )
  Common stock dividends declared per share of common stock   $ 1.34   $ 1.34   $ 1.34  
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic     940.1     918.8     910.5  
  Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted     953.8     926.1     910.5  

 

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

54


The Dow Chemical Company and Subsidiaries
Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In millions) At December 31     2004     2003

Assets

Current Assets            
  Cash and cash equivalents   $ 3,108   $ 2,392
  Marketable securities and interest-bearing deposits     84     42
  Accounts and notes receivable:            
      Trade (net of allowance for doubtful receivables – 2004: $136; 2003: $118)     4,753     3,574
      Other     2,604     2,356
  Inventories     4,957     4,050
  Deferred income tax assets – current     384     698
 
  Total current assets     15,890     13,112

Investments            
  Investment in nonconsolidated affiliates     2,698     1,878
  Other investments     2,141     1,971
  Noncurrent receivables     189     230
 
  Total investments     5,028     4,079

Property            
  Property     41,898     40,812
  Less accumulated depreciation     28,070     26,595
 
  Net property     13,828     14,217

Other Assets            
  Goodwill     3,152     3,226
  Other intangible assets (net of accumulated amortization – 2004: $507; 2003: $406)     535     579
  Deferred income tax assets – noncurrent     4,369     4,113
  Asbestos-related insurance receivables – noncurrent     1,028     1,176
  Deferred charges and other assets     2,055     1,389
 
  Total other assets     11,139     10,483

Total Assets   $ 45,885   $ 41,891

See Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

55


(In millions, except share amounts) At December 31     2004     2003  

 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity  

 
Current Liabilities              
  Notes payable   $ 104   $ 258  
  Long-term debt due within one year     861     1,088  
  Accounts payable:              
      Trade     3,701     2,843  
      Other     2,194     2,041  
  Income taxes payable     419     212<