10-K 1 l99504ae10vk.htm CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORP. 10-K/FYE 12-31-2002 Cincinnati Financial Corp. 10-K/FYE 12-31-2002
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.
 
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
For the transition period from      to      .

Commission file number 0-4604

CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION


(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Ohio   31-0746871

 
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
6200 S. Gilmore Road, Fairfield, Ohio   45014-5141

 
(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (513) 870-2000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NONE

     
Title of each class   Exchange on which registered

 
NONE   NONE

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
$2.00 par, common
6.9% Senior Debentures due 2028

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.      Yes x     No o

     Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.           o

     Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).     Yes x     No o

     The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of Cincinnati Financial Corporation was $4,836,296,722 as of February 20, 2003.

     As of February 20, 2003, there were 161,075,902 shares of common stock outstanding.

Document Incorporated by Reference

 

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement for Cincinnati Financial Corporation’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be
held on April 19, 2003 are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.


PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS
COMMERCIAL LINES PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE
PERSONAL LINES PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE
PROPERTY CASUALTY LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSE RESERVES
LIFE INSURANCE OPERATIONS
INVESTMENT OPERATIONS
REGULATIONS
HISTORY OF CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
ITEMS 7 AND 7(A). MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
INTRODUCTION
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
Outlook
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
Item 11. Executive Compensation
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
Item 14. Controls and Procedures
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
Signatures
Certification of Chief Executive Officer
Index of Exhibits
EX-23 Independent Auditors' Consent
EX-99.1 Certification of CEO
EX-99.2 Certification of CFO


Table of Contents

CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION
2002 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

TABLE OF CONTENTS

         
        Page
       
    PART I    
Item 1   Business   1
        Property Casualty Insurance Operations   2
        Commercial Lines Property Casualty Insurance   4
        Personal Lines Property Casualty Insurance   5
        Property Casualty Losses and Loss Expense Reserves   5
        Life Insurance Operations   7
        Investment Operations   8
        Regulations   8
        History Of Cincinnati Financial Corporation   11
        Available Information   12
Item 2   Properties   12
Item 3   Legal Proceedings   12
Item 4   Submissions of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders   12
    PART II    
Item 5   Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters   13
Item 6   Selected Financial Data   14
Item 7   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   17
        Introduction (including Safe Harbor Statement and Significant Accounting Policies)   17
        Results of Operations   24
        Liquidity and Capital Resources   40
        Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk   46
        Outlook   51
Item 8   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data   52
        Responsibility for Financial Statements   52
        Independent Auditors’ Report   53
        Consolidated Balance Sheets   54
        Consolidated Statements of Income   55
        Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity   56
        Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows   57
        Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements   58
Item 9   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure   73
    PART III    
Item 10   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant   74
Item 11   Executive Compensation   74
Item 12   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters   74
Item 13   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions   75
Item 14   Controls and Procedures   75
    PART IV    
Item 15   Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K   76
    Signatures   88
    Certifications   89
    Index of Exhibits   91

 


Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

Cincinnati Financial Corporation (CFC), through its subsidiaries, operates in the property casualty and life insurance businesses. Its property casualty operations rank the company as one of the nation’s 20 largest property casualty insurers, based on revenues. Over the past five years, the company’s growth has outpaced that of the industry, with written premiums rising at an average annual rate of 12.2 percent versus the estimated industry average of 6.0 percent. At the same time, the company has sustained its position as one of the most profitable property casualty insurers, with a five-year average statutory combined ratio of 103.0 percent, excluding a one-time charge of $33 million (statutory, before tax) recorded in 2000, compared with the estimated industry average of 109.0 percent. Investment income growth has averaged 5.0 percent over the same period and investment income provides the primary source of profits.

The company’s track record reflects a strong competitive position; an effective and efficient local independent agent distribution system; continued expansion and market penetration in operating territories; and a successful, equity-centered investment strategy.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

The company is organized and operates principally in two industries – property casualty insurance and life insurance.

The company’s four reportable segments are:

  commercial lines property casualty insurance
 
  personal lines property casualty insurance
 
  life insurance, and
 
  investment operations

Segment information for revenues, income before income taxes, and identifiable assets is included in Note 17 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Page 71. The company’s segments are defined based upon the components of the company for which financial information is used internally to evaluate performance and determine the allocation of resources.

SUBSIDIARY OVERVIEW

Cincinnati Financial had three subsidiaries at year-end 2002. The lead property casualty insurance subsidiary, The Cincinnati Insurance Company, markets a broad range of commercial and personal insurance policies in 31 states through a select group of 950 independent insurance agencies. Subsidiaries of The Cincinnati Insurance Company are The Cincinnati Casualty Company and The Cincinnati Indemnity Company, which provide the company with flexibility in underwriting, pricing and billing for property casualty insurance; as well as The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company, which markets life, long-term care and disability income policies and annuities through property casualty agencies and independent life agencies. The Cincinnati Insurance Company and its subsidiaries are collectively referred to as The Cincinnati Insurance Companies.

Cincinnati Financial’s other two subsidiaries are CFC Investment Company, which complements the insurance subsidiaries with commercial leasing, financing and real estate services; and, CinFin Capital Management Company, which provides asset management services to institutions, corporations and individuals with $500,000 minimum asset accounts.

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PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS

STRATEGY

The core strengths of the company’s property casualty insurance operations are its commitment to the independent agent distribution system and the care with which it selects the agencies that represent The Cincinnati Insurance Companies. Its mission places agents at the center of its identity, recognizing that locally based independent agencies have the relationships that lead to profitable business. The company also differentiates itself by providing exceptional claims service, through locally based field claims staff serving the needs of agents and policyholders.

The Cincinnati Insurance Companies, which offer both commercial and personal lines of insurance, continuously strengthen service by providing agents and their clients a strong local presence, unparalleled claim service and competitive products, rates and compensation.

MARKETS AND COMPETITIVE POSITION

The Cincinnati Insurance Companies market property casualty insurance policies in 31 states. In 2002, 98.6 percent of the company’s agencies direct written premium volume was in the 27 states in which the company has had a presence for more than five years. Further, agencies in Ohio contributed 24 percent and Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Pennsylvania each contributed between 5 percent and 10 percent of premium volume in 2002.

The company selects agencies based on their commitment to the same philosophies that distinguish the company in the marketplace: a commitment to doing business person to person; a focus on broad, value-added services; sound balance sheets; and, professional management. The independent agencies representing the company are among the most successful in the country. The agencies with which the company does business averaged approximately $12 million in total annual premium volume for all carriers in 2000, more than two times the approximately $5.5 million national average for 41,000 agencies, based on a Future One 2000 Agency Universe study.

In 2002, each agency representing the company averaged approximately $2.6 million in agency direct written premiums for the company, or 18 percent of the agency’s total volume, up from $2.3 million in 2001 and $2.0 million in 2000. No single agency accounted for more than 1.1 percent of the company’s total agency direct written premiums. The company believes that it can continue to increase its penetration within these agencies that share the company’s philosophy and underwriting approach. Even if the company’s share of these agencies’ business remains unchanged, it expects to be able to continue to grow as the agencies expand.

Factors that distinguish the company in the insurance marketplace include:

  Field marketing staff that enhances service and accountability. The company’s field staff live in the communities they serve and work from offices in their homes, providing 24/7 availability to a small group of independent agencies that they visit frequently, for many agencies as often as once a week for a full day. They also provide local decision-making authority. The field marketing staff is responsible for the selection of new independent agencies as well as underwriting and pricing of new commercial business. Because of their local presence, they are making these decisions for risks with which they are familiar. They round out their efforts by coordinating teams of specialized company representatives and promoting all of the company’s products within the agencies they serve.
 
  Widely recognized, high-quality claims service via locally based field claims staff in conjunction with independent agencies. To help ensure prompt claims service, the company provides most agencies with authority to pay first-party claims immediately up to $2,500 and assigns claims representatives to specific agencies, allowing them to become familiar with the agency and its customers. The company believes the higher level of service provided by claims representatives familiar with an agency and its policyholders provides it with a competitive advantage. The company paid an average of $6 million in claims per business day in 2002.
 
  Emphasis on improving customer service through the creation of smaller marketing territories, permitting local field marketing representatives to devote more time to each independent agent. At year-end 2002, the company had 83 property casualty field territories, up from 74 at the end of 2000. During 2003, the company plans to split and staff another six territories. Smaller territories allow marketing representatives to increase the level of field underwriting and service as well as expand the opportunities to ask for and earn new business.
 
  Commitment to the agents. The company seeks to provide the products and services needed to serve agency clients – the policyholders – including the availability of three-year policy terms for many types of insurance coverage. Though the company commits to a three-year policy term, policies are annually renewable at the discretion of the policyholder and
 

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  are cancelable at any time. To serve the needs of agents and policyholders effectively, decisions are made about both new business and renewals that are risk-specific. Rather than stereotyping entire business lines, the company, on a case-by-case basis, looks for equitable solutions that allow it to select the risks it can cover on reasonable terms and at an adequate price. This case-by-case underwriting is coordinated by the local field marketing representatives and relies on their knowledge of the communities in which they live and work. The company seeks to be a consistent, predictable and reasonable carrier that agencies can rely on to serve their communities.
 
  Programs to support agency growth, including education programs for agents and staff and financing for buildings and equipment. In 2002, the insurance subsidiaries augmented ongoing training programs with a number of special events, including seminars held around the country to encourage cross-selling by expanding awareness of the company’s products among producing agents. CFC Investment Company offers convenient equipment and vehicle leases and loans for independent insurance agencies, their commercial clients and other businesses and also provides commercial real estate loans to agencies to help them operate and expand their businesses.

The success of the company’s efforts to distinguish itself in the insurance marketplace is demonstrated by the company’s consistently high rankings in agent and consumer satisfaction surveys. Most recently, the Florida Association of Independent Agents reported that the company had received high marks for its loyalty to agents and claims service. In past years, the company has obtained similar rankings from consumer organizations and Crittenden’s Property/Casualty Ratings. These surveys assess insurers’ accessibility and timely response, premium pricing, efficiency and fairness of claims payments. The National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ (NAIC) Online Consumer Information Source measures the company’s low complaint ratio (www.naic.org) at 0.16 versus the national median of 1.00. NAIC members head state departments of insurance.

TECHNOLOGY-BASED TOOLS

To help solidify relationships with agencies, the company continues to invest in and roll out technology-based tools.

  CinciLink In 2002, the company completed the deployment of CinciLink, an agent-only Web site, to all of the independent agencies with which it works. CinciLink enables agencies and field and headquarters associates to share information. The Web site includes a number of features to make it easier for agencies to place business with the company, such as online policy loss information, software updates and a property casualty electronic coverage forms library. Additionally, initial rollout of commercial lines and personal lines rating software was achieved through CinciLink.
 
  Personal lines automation – In August 2002, the company introduced a Web-based policy processing system for personal lines products to agencies in Kansas. The single-entry data processing system streamlines policy issue, reduces processing time to improve cash flow and offers direct billing. Longer-term, management believes this program could have a substantial positive benefit on premium growth as the technology presents solutions sought by independent agencies. State-by-state development and rollout will take place over the coming years with agencies in three of the company’s most significant personal lines states – Michigan, Indiana and Ohio – targeted for deployment within 15 months. Through December 31, 2002, capitalized development expense related to the project had totaled $15 million. Over the next three to four years, management anticipates investing another $14 million to complete the rollout to all personal lines states.
 
  Commercial lines automation – The company is in the preliminary stages of development of a single-entry data processing system for its commercial lines of insurance. The budget of $9 million approved for 2003 will be used to finalize system requirements and prepare automation for the businessowners policy (BOP). At this time, management cannot predict the timetable for this project.
 
  Claims management system – In late 2002, the company successfully completed a proof-of-concept for claims processing software intended to streamline claims administration through elimination of duplicate entry, replacement of paper claims files and improved accuracy of data coding. While development now is at a very early stage, when completed management anticipates that the system will provide additional information and capabilities, improving the company’s ability to monitor loss trends and offering additional information for use in establishing loss expense and salvage and subrogation levels. The total amount invested in the development of the new software through December 31, 2002, was approximately $4 million. Continued development of the software is expected to result in an additional investment of $13 million in 2003.
 
  Disaster recovery – In June 2002, the company began initial operation of an off-site data center for company disaster recovery needs. This facility provides an alternate location in the event that the headquarters data center becomes inoperable, permitting the company to continue to serve agents. The data center complements the company’s ongoing efforts to establish offsite locations where associates can continue to perform key functions in the event the company’s headquarters is not accessible.

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COMMERCIAL LINES PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE

The commercial lines property casualty insurance segment contributed $1,721 million of Cincinnati Financial’s total revenues and $59 million of income before income taxes in 2002. The company’s commercial lines property casualty companies are licensed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, to serve the needs of policyholders who operate businesses in multiple locations. Substantially all of commercial lines written premiums, however, are for risks located within the 31 states in which the company has agent relationships.

The company’s commercial lines products are marketed through the 950 independent agencies that represent The Cincinnati Insurance Companies. The company’s emphasis is on providing products that agents can market to small- to mid-size businesses in their communities. Approximately 57.5 percent of total premiums are derived from six states: Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia. The premium growth rate in these six states over the past three years has exceeded that of overall premiums as the company continues to increase its market penetration in these areas.

Facing rising losses after years of intense price competition, the commercial lines insurance marketplace began to experience a firming of rates in mid-1999. Growing concerns about the economy and rising loss severity, exacerbated by the events of September 11, 2001, led to continued rate increases through year-end 2002. Also in response to the rising loss severity, during this period, some competitors have announced decisions to exit geographic markets or specific lines of business; others have instituted across-the-board price increases. Industry analysts believe the market has experienced a renewed sense of underwriting discipline.

The company responded to these market conditions by continuing to pursue its case-by-case approach to new business and account renewals, seeking to further solidify its relationships with the independent agencies and establish a basis for continued growth. While insisting on adequate premiums for covered exposures, the company has continued to do business the way it always has; on the local level, focusing on each relationship separately. Commercial lines pricing has remained flexible to respond to each risk in partnership with local agencies, who knows their market and their business. The company believes that this approach results in more, high-quality accounts over the long term.

For small- to mid-size commercial customers, the company offers a variety of insurance products. Four business lines – commercial multi-peril, workers compensation, commercial automobile and other liability – account for 90.5 percent of commercial lines earned premiums.

  Commercial multi-peril – Commercial multi-peril is the standard of commercial package insurance coverages for small- to medium-sized risks. The company continues to market its products to a broad range of business classes. Within each local market, each risk is evaluated individually and decisions are made regarding rates, the use of three-year policies and other policy terms. Even in classes of business that are under pressure, such as contractors and professional liability, the company has sought to develop underwriting guidelines that allow it to continue to be a market for its agents and their better clients in these classes of business. In 2002, the company made carefully positioned changes to its general liability coverage, including the application of aggregate limits, which allow it to remain a market for agents. By year-end, these changes were in effect in 20 states and will be implemented in additional states during 2003. Further, the company developed a contractor’s questionnaire and accelerated the use of insurance risk reviews by field claims staff to help manage the loss ratio in this class of business. For professional liability, the company has narrowed the underwriting criteria and significantly increased rates.
 
  Workers compensation – Conditions within the workers compensation market have improved somewhat in the past two years as market pricing has risen in most states, albeit offset by continued rising trends in loss severity. As indicated by rapid rise in premium volume of state pools for workers compensation, many carriers are choosing to exit significant portions of this line of business. The company has continued to write workers compensation, but remains highly selective about the risks it chooses to cover. In addition, the company has chosen not to renew selected policies where the aggregate risk, related to terrorism exposure, is excessive.
 
  Commercial auto – The Cincinnati Insurance Companies are one of the leading writers of commercial automobile coverage, ranking 16th in the country based on written premiums in 2001. The highly competitive market over the second half of the 1990s caused results for this line of business to deteriorate. Following the Ohio Supreme Court’s decisions regarding uninsured and underinsured motorist (UM/UIM) coverage in late 2000, the company accelerated its efforts to improve commercial automobile underwriting and rate levels, particularly for trucking firms. As a result of those efforts, in 2002, the company reported a statutory losses and loss expenses ratio of 67.5 percent, putting its commercial auto profitability ahead of the estimated industry averages.

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  Other liability – The company’s other liability business line includes commercial umbrella, commercial general liability and director and officer policies. In response to rising loss severity, however, the company’s underwriting efforts have led to lower policy count and significantly higher premiums for this product area. Directors and officers coverage accounted for 11 percent of other liability premium in 2002. Director and officer policies are offered primarily to non-profit organizations, reducing the risk associated with this line of business; only 32 in-force director and officer policies as of December 31, 2002, are for publicly traded companies and only 10 are for Fortune 1000 companies.

The remaining 9.5 percent of commercial lines earned premiums in 2002 were derived from a variety of other types of insurance products the company offers to commercial customers.

PERSONAL LINES PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE

The personal lines property casualty insurance segment contributed $670 million of Cincinnati Financial’s total revenues and a $51 million loss before income taxes in 2002. The company markets its full complement of personal lines products in 25 of the 31 states in which it markets commercial lines insurance. Six states – Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan and Ohio – accounted for 72.8 percent of personal lines premiums in 2002.

The company predominantly markets homeowners and personal automobile insurance products through 663 of the 950 independent agencies that represent The Cincinnati Insurance Companies. The 287 agencies that do not market the personal lines products either are located in the six states in which the company does not actively market personal lines insurance or they have decided, in conjunction with company management, that the company’s personal lines products are not appropriate for their agencies at this time.

Already unprofitable due to years of inadequate pricing, industry-wide personal lines insurance saw a dramatic rise in loss ratios in 2001, primarily because the homeowners area experienced an upswing in water damage and mold claims. In response, insurance companies have sought rate increases and added coverage exclusions. A number of carriers have taken dramatic steps such as restricting new business and exiting certain territories. While the personal automobile area has been less volatile in recent years, companies continue to seek rate increases to keep up with increasing claim costs.

Personal automobile accounted for 58 percent of personal lines earned premium in 2002. The company continues to seek and receive approval for appropriate rate increases. The homeowners line accounted for 31 percent of personal lines earned premium in 2002. To return this business line to profitability, the company has focused on pricing and changes in policy terms and conditions. The remaining 11 percent of personal lines earned premium in 2002 was derived from a variety of other types of insurance products the company offers to individuals such as inland marine, watercraft and umbrella. The company offers its personal umbrella product, which accounted for 4 percent of total premiums in 2002, primarily in a package with auto or homeowner coverage. Due to the volatility of the personal umbrella product, the company has experienced rising losses in this area, which it is addressing with rate increases and careful underwriting.

PROPERTY CASUALTY LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSE RESERVES

The consolidated financial statements include the estimated liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses of the company’s property casualty insurance subsidiaries. The liabilities for losses and loss expenses are determined using case-basis evaluations and statistical projections for estimates of unreported claims and represent estimates of the ultimate net cost of all unpaid losses and loss expenses incurred through December 31 of each year. These estimates are subject to the effect of trends in future claim severity and frequency. These estimates are continually reviewed, and as experience develops and new information becomes known, the liability is adjusted as necessary. Adjustments due to prior year development are reflected in underwriting results in the year in which they are identified.

The company does not discount any of its property casualty liabilities for unpaid losses and loss expenses. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the company’s liability for losses and loss expenses for 2002, 2001 and 2000 is presented in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, see Page 64 The reconciliation of beginning and ending liability balances shows recognition of approximately $45 million in redundant reserves during 2002 related to amounts held in the reserve as of December 31, 2001, for losses and loss expenses in 2001 and prior accident years. This redundancy was due to subsequent reserve estimates that confirm the conservative approach the company uses when establishing adequate reserves. Changes in calendar year 2002 to the 1992 through 1997 accident year reserves were due to adverse developments on umbrella, commercial multi-peril, product liability and workers compensation claims.

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The anticipated effect of inflation is implicitly considered when estimating liabilities for losses and loss expenses. While anticipated price increases due to inflation are considered in estimating the ultimate claim costs, the increase in average severity of claims is caused by a number of factors that vary with the individual type of policy written. Average severity is based on historical trends adjusted for anticipated changes in underwriting standards, policy provisions and general economic trends. These trends are monitored based on actual development and are modified, if necessary.

The principal reason for differences between the property casualty liabilities reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements (prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America – GAAP) and those same liabilities reported in the annual statements (filed with state insurance departments in accordance with statutory accounting practices – SAP or statutory), relates to the reporting of reinsurance recoverables, which are recognized as receivables for GAAP and as an offset to reserves for SAP.

The table below shows the development of the estimated liability for losses and loss expenses for the years prior to 2002:

                                                                                           
(In millions)   Years ended December 31,
   
      1992   1993   1994   1995   1996   1997   1998   1999   2000   2001   2002
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses
  $ 1,138     $ 1,293     $ 1,432     $ 1,581     $ 1,702     $ 1,777     $ 1,840     $ 1,932     $ 2,182     $ 2,352     $ 2,608  
Net liability re-estimated as of:
                                                                                       
 
One year later
    1,098       1,200       1,306       1,429       1,582       1,623       1,724       1,912       2,120       2,307          
 
Two years later
    993       1,116       1,220       1,380       1,470       1,551       1,728       1,833       2,083                  
 
Three years later
    949       1,067       1,214       1,279       1,405       1,520       1,636       1,802                          
 
Four years later
    937       1,067       1,131       1,236       1,380       1,465       1,615                                  
 
Five years later
    943       1,103       1,106       1,227       1,326       1,466                                          
 
Six years later
    910       1,005       1,091       1,189       1,333                                                  
 
Seven years later
    900       997       1,060       1,205                                                          
 
Eight years later
    897       978       1,091                                                                  
 
Nine years later
    886       1,010                                                                          
 
Ten years later
    913                                                                                  
Net cumulative redundancy
  $ 225     $ 283     $ 341     $ 376     $ 369     $ 311     $ 225     $ 130     $ 99     $ 45          
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
         
Net cumulative amount of liability paid through:
                                                                                       
 
One year later
    310       343       368       395       453       499       522       591       697       758          
 
Two years later
    498       538       578       630       732       761       853       943       1,116                  
 
Three years later
    612       663       709       801       884       965       1,067       1,195                          
 
Four years later
    681       734       802       881       992       1,075       1,207                                  
 
Five years later
    718       788       847       946       1,049       1,152                                          
 
Six years later
    743       814       885       977       1,093                                                  
 
Seven years later
    760       838       902       1,009                                                          
 
Eight years later
    777       848       926                                                                  
 
Nine years later
    783       866                                                                          
 
Ten years later
    794                                                                                  
Net liability—end of year
  $ 1,138     $ 1,293     $ 1,432     $ 1,581     $ 1,702     $ 1,777     $ 1,840     $ 1,932     $ 2,182     $ 2,352     $ 2,608  
Reinsurance recoverable
    62       72       78       109       122       112       138       161       219       513       542  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Gross liability—end of year
  $ 1,200     $ 1,365     $ 1,510     $ 1,690     $ 1,824     $ 1,889     $ 1,978     $ 2,093     $ 2,401     $ 2,865     $ 3,150  
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
 
Net liability re-estimated—latest
  $ 913     $ 1,010     $ 1,091     $ 1,205     $ 1,333     $ 1,466     $ 1,615     $ 1,802     $ 2,083     $ 2,307          
Re-estimated recoverable—latest
    257       159       163       169       161       169       194       204       234       510          
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
         
Gross liability re-estimated—latest
  $ 1,170     $ 1,169     $ 1,254     $ 1,374     $ 1,494     $ 1,635     $ 1,809     $ 2,006     $ 2,317     $ 2,817          
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
         
Gross cumulative redundancy
  $ 30     $ 196     $ 256     $ 316     $ 330     $ 254     $ 169     $ 87     $ 84     $ 48          
 
   
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
     
         

The table above presents the development of balance sheet liabilities for 1992 through 2002. The first line of data shows the estimated net liability for unpaid losses and loss expenses recorded at the balance sheet date for each of the indicated years. That liability represents the estimated amount of losses and loss expenses for claims arising in all prior years that are unpaid at the balance sheet date, including losses that had been incurred but not yet reported to the company. The upper portion of the table shows the re-estimated amount of the previously recorded liability based on experience as of the end of each succeeding year. The estimate is increased or decreased as more information becomes known about the frequency and severity of claims.

Net cumulative redundancy represents the aggregate change in the estimates over all prior years. For example, the 1992 liability has developed a $225 million redundancy over 10 years, which has been reflected in income over the 10 years. The effects on income in 2002, 2001 and 2000 of changes in estimates of the liabilities for losses and loss expenses for all accident years are shown in the reconciliation table above.

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The lower portion of the development table shows the cumulative amount paid with respect to the previously recorded liability as of the end of each succeeding year. For example, as of December 31, 2002, the company had paid $794 million of the currently estimated $913 million of losses and loss expenses that have been incurred as of the end of 1992; thus an estimated $119 million of losses incurred as of the end of 1992 remain unpaid as of year-end 2002.

In evaluating this information, it should be noted that each amount includes the effects of all changes in amounts for prior periods. For example, the amount of deficiency or redundancy related to losses settled in 1997 but incurred in 1992 will be included in the cumulative deficiency or redundancy amount for 1992 and each subsequent year. This table does not present accident or policy year development data, which readers may be more accustomed to analyzing. Conditions and trends that have affected development of the liability in the past may not necessarily occur in the future. Accordingly, it may not be appropriate to extrapolate future redundancies or deficiencies based on this table.

LIFE INSURANCE OPERATIONS

STRATEGY

The life insurance segment contributed $87 million of Cincinnati Financial’s total revenues and a $12 million loss before income taxes in 2002.

Cincinnati Life’s strategic mission complements that of the overall company: to provide products and services that attract and retain high-quality independent agencies. The company primarily focuses on life products that will produce revenue growth through a steady stream of premiums rather than seeking to accumulate assets through the sale of single-premium-type policies.

Cincinnati Life seeks to round and protect accounts in the property casualty agency. At the same time, the life operation looks to increase diversification, revenues and profitability for both the agency and the company. This strategy enhances the already strong relationship built by the combination of the property casualty and life companies.

Cincinnati Life seeks to become the life insurance carrier of choice for the independent agencies that work with the property casualty operations by providing competitive products, underwriting, service and commissions. At year-end 2002, 90 percent of the company’s 950 independent agencies offered Cincinnati Life’s products to their policyholders. Term and worksite insurance products are well suited to cross serving by the company’s property casualty agency force. Agents find that offering worksite marketing to employees of their small commercial accounts provides a benefit to the employees at low cost to the employer. The life company also seeks to develop life business from other independent agencies in a manner that does not conflict with or compete with the property casualty agencies.

The life company offers a full line of whole, term and universal life products, fixed annuities, disability income and long-term care products. Over the past several years, it has worked to introduce a portfolio of new and enhanced products, primarily under the LifeHorizons name. For example, in 2002, the life company revised the rates for the LifeHorizons term series and introduced a new risk classification system that better matches risk profile and rate. Other recent launches in the LifeHorizons product series included a simplified term policy specifically for clients of the company’s property casualty agencies. Looking ahead, the life company plans to introduce two new, competitive LifeHorizons guaranteed products – whole life with a single-premium paid-up life rider and long-term guaranteed universal life – and roll out a non-cancelable rider for its disability income insurance product. In 2003, the life operation also will be devoting more internal resources to promotion of its new long-term care insurance product, with a structure targeted at the corporate market.

To augment the enhanced product line, the life operation has staffed a new field marketing position in the western United States to complement the efforts of the 25 life field marketing representatives in other regions of the country.

MARKETS AND COMPETITIVE POSITION

The life insurance industry was challenged in 2002 by a number of factors, including the higher-than-historic level of bond defaults, stock market declines that impacted variable annuities and competitive pressures that affected rates for term products. As a result, the industry saw an overall decline in statutory surplus, accelerated write-downs of deferred acquisition costs and lower income. In combination, these factors resulted in ratings downgrades for many life insurance companies during 2002.

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During the same period, many large, widely known life insurance companies have transitioned to investor-owned companies from mutual companies. Industry analysts believe these transitions could result in accelerated consolidation in the life insurance industry. The future presence of larger competitors could have a negative impact on smaller, stand-alone life insurance companies because of their potentially greater efficiency and their ability to be more aggressive in setting prices.

Cincinnati Life believes such pressures are mitigated for the company because of its association with the property casualty operations, its focus on the property casualty distribution system and its careful selection of independent agencies. Within this marketplace, Cincinnati Life is able to be competitive and attract its share of business from the company’s agencies, especially as other property casualty companies continue to exit the life business.

During the past three years, the company has invested in imaging and workflow technology. As a result, the efficiency of application processing has improved significantly. During this period, submitted applications have increased at an annualized rate of approximately 6 percent, while staff involved with the underwriting and policy-issue functions has declined 5 percent. This has been accomplished while maintaining the company’s service standards.

Cincinnati Life is a financially strong and stable life insurance company. During 2002, Cincinnati Life’s statutory surplus increased 7 percent to $408 million from $380 million at year-end 2001. Statutory surplus is one of the key measures of an insurance company’s financial stability. A.M. Best Co. and Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services maintained their ratings for Cincinnati Life in 2002 while Fitch Ratings initiated coverage with an AA (very strong) rating.

INVESTMENT OPERATIONS

STRATEGY

By applying a strategy that focuses on the compounding of cash flows over the long term, Cincinnati Financial’s investment operations have contributed to the company’s success in several ways:

  Provided the primary source of profits. In 2002, the investment segment contributed $351 million of Cincinnati Financial’s total revenues and $315 million of income before income taxes.
 
  Contributed to the company’s industry-leading financial strength and stability. At year-end 2002, the ratio of property casualty written premiums to statutory surplus was 1.12-to-1 compared with an estimated industry average of 1.30-to-1. In addition, the company has $2.9 billion in capital at the holding company level, primarily due to unrealized gains in the investment portfolio. This provides management with flexibility in capitalization policies for the subsidiaries, consequently improving the ability of the insurance companies to write additional premiums.
 
  Driven long-term growth in book value. While market conditions resulted in a 7 percent decline in book value in 2002, over the past five years, book value has compounded at an average rate of 4.1 percent primarily due to lower unrealized gains in the equity portfolio.

While focused on long-term total return, the company maintains liquidity to meet both its immediate and long-range insurance obligations with the purchase and maintenance of medium-risk fixed-maturity and equity securities. The emphasis is on income-producing fixed-maturity and equity securities with the potential for long-term price appreciation. In recent years, the company’s investment strategy has taken into account the trend toward a flatter corporate yield curve and an overall decline in credit quality by purchasing higher-quality corporate bonds with shorter maturities as well as tax-exempt municipal bonds.

REGULATIONS

INSURANCE REGULATORY OVERSIGHT

The company’s subsidiaries primarily are engaged in the property casualty insurance business, and secondarily in the life insurance business, and it is therefore subject to regulation by the State of Ohio, the domiciliary state, as an insurance holding company. All states have enacted legislation that regulates insurance holding company systems such as the company and its insurance subsidiaries. This legislation generally provides that each insurance company in the system is required to register with the department of insurance of its state of domicile and furnish information concerning the operations of companies within the company which may materially affect the operations, management or financial condition of the insurers within the company. All transactions within a holding company affecting insurers must be fair and equitable. Notice to the insurance commissioner is required prior to the consummation of transactions affecting the ownership or control of an insurer and of

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certain material transactions between an insurer and any person or entity in its holding company and, in addition, certain of such transactions cannot be consummated without the commissioner’s prior approval.

The company’s insurance subsidiaries are subject to regulation and supervision in the states in which they do business. In general, such regulation is for the protection of policyholders rather than shareholders. The extent of such regulation varies, but generally has its source in statutes that delegate regulatory, supervisory and administrative powers to a department of insurance. For example, these statutes cover: the standards of solvency which must be met and maintained; the licensing of insurers and their agents; restrictions on insurance policy terminations; unfair trade practices; the nature of and limitations on investments; premium rates; deposits of securities for the benefit of policyholders; approval of policy forms; periodic examinations of the affairs of insurance companies; annual and other reports required to be filed on the financial condition of companies or for other purposes; limitations on dividends to policyholders and shareholders; and, adequacy of provisions for unearned premiums, unpaid losses and loss expenses (both reported and unreported) and other liabilities, among other matters.

Most states have insurance laws requiring insurers to file rates, policy or coverage forms and other information with the state’s regulatory authority. Some states require such rates and/or forms to be approved prior to use while others permit an insurer to begin using rates and/or forms prior to approval by the insurance regulator. Several states exempt such filings and approvals for commercial risks of a certain size. In all states, the insurance regulator has the authority to disapprove a rate after it is filed. Rates proposed for life insurance generally become effective immediately upon filing with a state, even though the same state may require prior rate approval for other types of insurance. Generally, the objectives of the laws governing rate filings are that a rate must be adequate, not excessive and not unfairly discriminatory.

In all states, insurers licensed to transact certain classes of property casualty insurance are required to become members of a guaranty fund. In the event of the insolvency of a licensed insurer writing a class of insurance covered by the fund in the state, members are assessed to pay certain claims against the insolvent insurer. Generally, fund assessments are proportionately based on the members’ market share for the classes of insurance written by the insolvent insurer. In certain states, a portion of these assessments is recovered through premium tax offsets and policyholder surcharges. In 2002, assessments to the company’s insurance subsidiaries amounted to approximately $9 million.

State insurance regulation requires insurers to participate in assigned risk plans, reinsurance facilities and joint underwriting associations, which are mechanisms that generally provide applicants with various basic insurance coverages when they are not available in voluntary markets. Such mechanisms are most commonly instituted for automobile and workers compensation insurance, but many states also mandate participation in FAIR Plans or Windstorm Plans, which provide basic property coverages. Participation is based upon the amount of a company’s voluntary market share in a particular state for the classes of insurance involved. Underwriting results related to these organizations, which tend to be adverse to the company, have been immaterial to the company or its results of operations.

For public reporting, insurance companies prepare financial statements in accordance with GAAP. However, certain data also must be calculated according to statutory accounting rules as defined in the National Association of Insurance Commissioners’ (NAIC) Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual, which may be, and has been, modified by various state insurance departments.

While not a substitute for any GAAP measure of performance, statutory data frequently is used by industry analysts and other recognized reporting sources to facilitate comparisons of the performance of insurance companies. When appropriate, the company makes use of statutory data to analyze trends or make comparisons to industry performance. Estimated industry data is taken from materials published by A.M. Best, a leading insurance industry analytical and rating organization, and presented on a statutory basis. Statutory data for the company is labeled as such; all other data is prepared based on GAAP.

NAIC adopted the Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles (Codification) in March 1998. Codification, which is intended to standardize regulatory accounting and reporting to state insurance regulators, became effective January 1, 2001. However, statutory accounting principles will continue to be established by individual state laws and permitted practices. Ohio required adoption of Codification, with certain modifications, for the preparation of statutory-basis financial statements effective January 1, 2001. Codification is now incorporated into the NAIC Accounting Practices and Procedures Manual. The effects of the company’s adoption of Codification effective January 1, 2001, are discussed below.

NAIC has risk-based capital (RBC) requirements for property casualty and life insurers which serve as an early warning tool for the NAIC and the state regulators to identify companies that may be undercapitalized and may merit further regulatory action.

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The formula prescribes a series of risk measurements to determine a minimum capital amount for an insurance company, based on the profile of the individual company. The ratio of a company’s actual policyholders’ surplus to its minimum capital requirement will determine whether any state regulatory action is required. At December 31, 2002, the company’s insurance subsidiary and each of its subsidiaries had more than sufficient capital to meet the RBC minimum requirements and had excess capacity to write additional premiums in relation to these requirements.

EFFECTS OF CODIFICATION OF STATUTORY ACCOUNTING PRACTICES

The effect of adopting Codification is reported as a cumulative-effect type change in accounting principle for the company’s insurance subsidiaries’ statutory financial statements as of January 1, 2001. This means that the January 1, 2001, balances of the company’s insurance subsidiaries’ statements of admitted assets, liabilities and capital and surplus have been adjusted to the amounts that would have been reported had Codification been in effect since the subsidiaries began operations. Accordingly, there were significant changes to the statutory surplus. For the property casualty companies, the changes were deferred tax assets of $314 million, consisting primarily of taxes on the timing of loss reserves and unearned premiums; deferred tax liabilities of $701 million, comprised mainly of taxes on net unrealized gains; guaranty fund assessments and premium tax liabilities of $11 million; and earned-but-unbilled premium receivables of $6 million, with a resulting decrease in surplus of $392 million. For the life company, the changes were deferred tax liabilities of $62 million, comprised mainly of taxes on net unrealized gains, and a corresponding decrease in surplus.

Additionally, prior to 2001, the company’s property casualty insurance subsidiaries recognized written premiums as they were billed throughout the policy period, which was a previously acceptable method. Beginning on January 1, 2001, these companies began recognizing written premiums on an annualized basis at the effective date of the policy as required by Codification. This method of recognizing written premiums had no effect on statutory income or surplus because earned premiums were unaffected. To account for unbooked premium related to policies with effective dates prior to January 1, 2001, the company recorded a written premium adjustment on January 1, 2001, of $402 million that appeared in the 2001 statutory financial reports submitted to insurance regulatory authorities. Since this adjustment affected written premiums only and was one-time in nature, it has been excluded from comparisons of written premiums between 2002, 2001 and 2000 in this report. Written premiums presented throughout this report for 2000 have been reclassified to conform with the 2001 presentation based on contractual period; information was not readily available to reclassify earlier years’ statutory data.

FEDERAL LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY INITIATIVES

Although the federal government and its regulatory agencies generally do not directly regulate the business of insurance, federal initiatives often have an impact on the business in a variety of ways. Some of the current and proposed federal measures that may significantly affect the company’s business are discussed below.

The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act of 2002 (TRIA), signed into law on November 26, 2002, provides a federal backstop for losses related to the writing of the terrorism peril in property casualty insurance policies. Under the TRIA, the company had until February 24, 2003, to notify commercial policyholders about requirements of the law, let them know that the company was required to offer terrorism coverage and let them know how the coverage would be priced.

During December 2002 and January and February 2003, the company distributed more than 400,000 disclosure notices to in-force commercial policyholders. The notices explained the Act and notified them of their coverage. Except for a few select cases, full policy limit coverage has been provided for terrorism for policyholders. The terrorism rating plan, with rates that vary based on geographical and risk-type factors, will go into effect in the near future. The plan will charge all commercial policies a nominal terrorism premium to encourage them to accept coverage while minimizing the company’s administrative costs.

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (GLB) permits mergers that combine commercial banks, insurers and securities firms within one holding company group. The impact on the company of the ability of banks to affiliate with insurers is uncertain. Additionally, GLB imposed privacy protections of consumer financial information. GLB requires financial institutions, including the company, to protect the financial information of their policyholders and applicants by requiring them to develop and send a notice of the institution’s privacy practices at the inception of the relationship and annually thereafter. The institutions must also give customers the opportunity to opt out of some information disclosures. Most states have passed similar statutes or regulations, many of which include health as well as financial information in the protections. The company believes it has complied with all relevant statutes of GLB. Further protection of consumer health information is required by regulations promulgated under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). These regulations become effective April 2003 and require health care

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providers such as doctors and hospitals, as well as health and long-term care insurers and health care clearinghouses, to institute physical and procedural safeguards to protect the health records of patients and insureds. Examples of mandated safeguards include requirements that notices of the entity’s privacy practices be sent and that patients and insureds be given the right to access and request amendments to their records. Authorizations are required before a provider, insurer or clearinghouse can use health information for marketing and certain other purposes. Additionally, health plans are required to electronically transmit and receive standardized healthcare information.

While not directly affecting the company’s insurance business, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and regulations promulgated thereunder by the Security and Exchange Commission, apply to the company. Sarbanes-Oxley requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to prescribe rules to enhance the accountability of public companies to investors and to enhance its own enforcement powers. Rules promulgated or proposed by the SEC to date relate to: independence of issuers’ audit committees; independence of outside audit firms; requirements of financial experts on audit committees; certification of certain financial reports by the chief executive officer and chief accounting officer of the issuer; requirement of a code of ethics; design and implementation by audit committees of a confidential and anonymous system to receive and handle reports of complaints regarding accounting and internal controls; additional disclosure requirements; and, enhanced civil and criminal penalties, among many others. Additionally, an issuer’s listing exchange may prescribe additional rules to apply to issuers listed on that exchange. The company is monitoring the developments of these rules and is making any necessary adjustments to ensure full compliance.

HISTORY OF CINCINNATI FINANCIAL CORPORATION

INCORPORATION

Cincinnati Financial was incorporated on September 20, 1968, under the laws of the State of Delaware. On April 4, 1992, the shareholders voted to adopt an Agreement of Merger by means of which the reincorporation of the corporation from the State of Delaware to the State of Ohio was accomplished.

SUBSIDIARY DESCRIPTIONS

The Cincinnati Insurance Company (CIC), incorporated in August 1950, is an insurance carrier presently licensed to conduct multiple line underwriting in accordance with Section 3941.02 of the Revised Code of Ohio. This includes the sale of fire, automobile, casualty, bonds and all related forms of property casualty insurance in 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. CIC is not authorized to write any other forms of insurance. CIC is in a highly competitive industry and competes in varying degrees with a large number of stock and mutual companies.

The Cincinnati Casualty Company (CCC), (formerly the Queen City Indemnity Company), incorporated in 1972 under the laws of Ohio, is engaged in writing workers compensation as well as a limited personal lines book of business on a direct basis. The business of CIC and CCC is conducted separately and there are no plans for combining the business of these companies. CCC reinsures substantially all of its business to CIC.

The Cincinnati Indemnity Company (CID), incorporated in 1988 under the laws of Ohio, is engaged in writing workers compensation, some casualty lines and a small amount of non-standard personal auto coverage. The business of CIC and CID is conducted separately and there are no plans for combining the business of these companies. CID reinsures substantially all of its business to CIC.

The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company (CLIC) was incorporated in 1987 under the laws of Ohio for the purpose of acquiring the business of Inter-Ocean Insurance Company and The Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati. CLIC acquired The Life Insurance Company of Cincinnati and Inter-Ocean Insurance Company on February 1, 1988. CLIC is licensed for the sale of life insurance and accident and health insurance in 49 states and the District of Columbia.

CFC Investment Company (CFC-I), in the business of leasing or financing various items, principally automobiles, trucks, computer equipment, machine tools, construction equipment and office equipment, was incorporated in 1970.

CinFin Capital Management Company (CCM), which offers asset management services to corporations, insurance agencies and companies, institutions, pension plans and high net worth individuals, was incorporated in 1998.

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Cincinnati Financial is the parent and owns 100 percent of The Cincinnati Insurance Company, CFC Investment Company and CinFin Capital Management Company. CIC owns 100 percent of The Cincinnati Casualty Company, The Cincinnati Indemnity Company and The Cincinnati Life Insurance Company.

EMPLOYEES

As of December 31, 2002, Cincinnati Financial employed 3,511 associates.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The company’s principal executive offices are located at 6200 S. Gilmore Rd., Fairfield, Ohio 45014-5141, telephone (513) 870-2000. Its Web site address is www.cinfin.com. All of the company’s filings with the SEC are available free of charge through the Investors/Financial Reports page on this Web site, immediately upon filing.

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

CFC owns its headquarters building located on 75 acres of land in Fairfield, Ohio. This building contains approximately 615,000 square feet. John J. & Thomas R. Schiff & Co. Inc., a related party, occupies approximately 6,750 square feet, and the balance of the building is occupied by CFC and its subsidiaries. The property, including land, is carried in the financial statements at $82 million as of December 31, 2002, and is classified as Property and equipment, net, for company use.

CFC-I owns the Fairfield Executive Center, which is located on the northwest corner of its headquarters property in Fairfield, Ohio. This is a four-story office building containing approximately 96,000 rentable square feet. CFC and its subsidiaries occupy approximately 45 percent of the building; unaffiliated tenants occupy approximately 15 percent of the building; approximately 28 percent of the building is available for future CFC usage; and, approximately 12 percent is available for rent. The property is carried in the financial statements at $8 million as of December 31, 2002, and is classified as Property and equipment, net, for company use.

CLIC owns a four-story office building in the Tri-County area of Cincinnati, Ohio containing approximately 102,000 rentable square feet. At the present time, 100 percent of the building is currently being leased by an unaffiliated tenant. This property is carried in the financial statements at $3 million as of December 31, 2002, and is classified as Other invested assets.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Cincinnati Insurance Company is a defendant in Rochlin et al v. The Cincinnati Insurance Company, a purported class action lawsuit filed in December 2000 in the U.S. District Court for Southern Indiana on behalf of certain female employees in three departments of the company alleging employment-related gender discrimination in promotions and pay. The complaint seeks unspecified monetary damages and injunctive relief. In March 2002, the District Court certified a class but in May 2002 agreed to reconsider its class certification decision. The company denies the allegations of the suit and is vigorously defending this action.

The company is involved in no material litigation other than routine litigation incident to the nature of its insurance business.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

No matters were submitted to security holders during the fourth quarter of 2002.

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PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Cincinnati Financial Corporation had 11,486 direct shareholders of record as of December 31, 2002. Registered owners hold 30 percent of Cincinnati Financial Corporation’s outstanding shares. Many of the company’s independent agent representatives and most of the 3,511 associates of its subsidiaries own the company’s common stock. Common shares are traded under the symbol CINF on the Nasdaq National Market List.

                                                                 
    2002   2001
   
 
Quarter   1st   2nd   3rd   4th   1st   2nd   3rd   4th

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
High close
  $ 43.66     $ 47.04     $ 46.41     $ 39.44     $ 41.25     $ 42.92     $ 42.20     $ 42.93  
Low close
    36.71       43.41       35.37       32.69       34.75       34.00       34.36       36.33  
Period end close
    43.66       46.53       35.58       37.55       37.94       39.50       41.62       38.15  
Cash dividends paid
    .2100       .2225       .2225       .2225       .19       .21       .21       .21  

The company’s ability to pay cash dividends may depend on the ability of its subsidiaries to pay dividends to CFC. See Note 8 to the Consolidated Financial Statement for discussion of dividend restrictions at the insurance company subsidiaries.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

                                     
(In millions except per share data)   Years ended December 31,
   
        2002   2001   2000   1999
       
 
 
 
Income Statement Data (GAAP)
               
Earned premiums
  $ 2,478     $ 2,152     $ 1,907     $ 1,732  
 
Investment income, net of expenses
    445       421       415       387  
 
Total revenues
    2,843       2,561       2,331       2,128  
 
Net realized investment gains and losses
    (62 )     (17 )     (2 )     0  
 
Net income
    238       193       118       255  
 
Net income per common share:
                               
   
Basic
    1.47       1.20       .74       1.55  
   
Diluted
    1.46       1.19       .73       1.52  
 
Cash dividends per common share:
                               
   
Declared
    .89       .84       .76       .68  
   
Paid
    .87 3/4       .82       .74       .66 1/3  
Balance Sheet Data (GAAP)
               
Total assets
  $ 14,059     $ 13,914     $ 13,239     $ 11,770  
 
Long-term debt
    420       426       449       456  
 
Shareholders’ equity
    5,598       5,998       5,995       5,421  
 
Book value per share
    34.65       37.07       37.26       33.46  
Ratio Data (GAAP)
             
Loss ratio
    61.5 %     66.6 %     71.1 %     61.6 %
 
Loss expense ratio
    11.4       10.1       11.3       10.0  
 
Expense ratio
    26.8       28.2       30.4       28.6  
   
Combined ratio
    99.7 %     104.9 %     112.8 %     100.2 %
Property Casualty Insurance Operations
                               
(Statutory Data)
                               
 
Written premiums
  $ 2,613     $ 2,188     $ 1,936     $ 1,681  
 
Earned premiums
    2,393       2,067       1,828       1,658  
 
Investment income, net of expenses
    234       223       223       208  
 
Unearned premiums
    1,270       1,033       507       455  
 
Loss reserves
    2,090       1,886       1,730       1,513  
 
Loss expense reserves
    519       466       452       419  
 
Policyholders’ surplus
    2,340       2,533       3,172       2,852  
 
Loss ratio
    61.5 %     66.8 %     71.1 %     61.6 %
 
Loss expense ratio
    11.4       10.1       11.3       10.0  
 
Expense ratio
    25.5       26.7       29.2       28.8  
   
Combined ratio
    98.4 %     103.6 %     111.6 %     100.4 %

The selected financial information above allows for a more complete analysis of results of operations and should not be considered a substitute for any GAAP measure of performance.

As more fully discussed in the company’s Form 10-K for 2002, 2001 statutory data for the property casualty subsidiaries reflects the company’s adoption of Codification effective January 1, 2001. Codification of Statutory Accounting Principles required recognition of net written premiums on the basis of the policy contract term rather than the policy billing period. For comparison purposes, a $402 million one-time net written premium adjustment required to conform with Codification was excluded from 2001 data, and 2000 statutory data was reclassified; information was not readily available to reclassify earlier years’ statutory data presented above.

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1998   1997   1996   1995   1994   1993   1992

 
 
 
 
 
 
                         
$
1,613     $ 1,516     $ 1,423     $ 1,314     $ 1,219     $ 1,141     $ 1,039  
 
368       349       327       300       263       239       219  
 
2,054       1,942       1,809       1,656       1,513       1,442       1,304  
 
43       45       31       20       12       33       23  
 
242       299       224       227       201       216       171  
                         
 
1.45       1.81       1.34       1.36       1.21       1.30       1.04  
 
1.41       1.77       1.31       1.33       1.18       1.27       1.03  
                         
 
61 1/3       .54 2/3       .48 2/3       .42 2/3       .38 2/3       .34       .31  
 
59 2/3       .53 1/3       .47 2/3       .42       .37 1/3       .33 1/3       .30  
                         
$
11,482     $ 9,867     $ 7,397     $ 6,439     $ 5,037     $ 4,888     $ 4,357  
 
472       58       80       80       80       80       80  
 
5,621       4,717       3,163       2,658       1,940       1,947       1,714  
 
33.72       28.35       18.95       15.80       11.63       11.70       10.37  
                         
 
65.4 %     58.3 %     61.6 %     57.6 %     63.3 %     63.5 %     63.8 %
 
9.3       10.1       13.8       14.7       9.8       8.7       9.0  
 
29.6       30.0       28.2       27.8       27.8       28.5       29.9  
 
104.3 %     98.4 %     103.6 %     100.1 %     100.9 %     100.7 %     102.7 %
                         
                         
$
1,558     $ 1,472     $ 1,384     $ 1,296     $ 1,191     $ 1,124     $ 1,015  
 
1,543       1,454       1,367       1,263       1,170       1,092       992  
 
204       199       190       180       162       153       142  
 
432       418       402       385       354       334       302  
 
1,432       1,374       1,319       1,274       1,213       1,100       961  
 
408       403       383       307       219       193       177  
 
3,020       2,473       1,608       1,269       999       1,012       934  
 
65.4 %     58.3 %     61.6 %     57.6 %     63.3 %     63.5 %     63.8 %
 
9.3       10.1       13.8       14.7       9.8       8.7       9.0  
 
29.5       29.9       28.1       27.6       27.7       28.1       29.6  
 
104.2 %     98.3 %     103.5 %     99.9 %     100.8 %     100.3 %     102.4 %

2000 results include a one-time charge for asset impairment of $39 million, before tax; $25 million, or 16 cents per share, net of tax. The charge affected the statutory expense ratio and combined ratio by 1.7 percentage points and the GAAP expense ratio and combined ratio by 2.1 percentage points.

1993 earnings include a net credit for $14 million, or 8 cents per share, cumulative effect of a change in the method of accounting for income taxes to conform with SFAS No. 109 and a net charge of $9 million, or 5 cents per share, related to the effect of the 1993 increase in income tax rates on deferred taxes recorded for various prior-year terms.

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ITEMS 7 AND 7(A). MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS AND QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

INTRODUCTION

The following discussion highlights significant factors influencing the consolidated results of operations and financial position of Cincinnati Financial Corporation (CFC). It should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes beginning on Page 52 and the 11-year summary of selected financial information on Pages 14 and 15.

In response to recent legislation and proposed regulations, management reviewed its internal control structure and its disclosure controls and procedures. While management believes the pre-existing disclosure controls and procedures were adequate to enable the company to comply with its disclosure obligations, management implemented minor changes as a result of such review, primarily to formalize and document procedures already in place. The company also established a disclosure committee that consists of certain members of the company’s senior management.

The company’s disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that material information, relating to the company and its subsidiaries, required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its chief executive officer and chief financial officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

SAFE HARBOR STATEMENT

The following discussion contains certain forward-looking statements that involve potential risks and uncertainties. The company’s future results could differ materially from those discussed. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to: unusually high levels of catastrophe losses due to changes in weather patterns or other natural or man-made causes; increased frequency and/or severity of claims; environmental events or changes; insurance regulatory actions, legislation or court decisions that increase expenses or place the company at a disadvantage in the marketplace; adverse outcomes from litigation or administrative proceedings; recession or other economic conditions resulting in lower demand for insurance products; sustained decline in overall stock market values negatively affecting the company’s equity portfolio, in particular a sustained decline in market value of Fifth Third Bancorp shares; events as described in Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, Page 46, that could lead to a significant decline in the market value of a particular security or sector and impairment of assets; delays in the development, implementation and benefits of technology enhancements; and decreased ability to generate growth in investment income.

Further, the company’s insurance businesses are subject to the effects of changing social, economic and regulatory environments. Public and regulatory initiatives have included efforts to adversely influence and restrict premium rates, restrict the ability to cancel policies, impose underwriting standards and expand overall regulation. The company also is subject to public and regulatory initiatives that can affect the market value for its common stock, such as recent measures impacting corporate financial reporting and governance. The ultimate changes and eventual effects, if any, of these initiatives are uncertain.

Readers are cautioned that the company undertakes no obligation to review or update the forward-looking statements included in this material.

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SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Cincinnati Financial Corporation’s financial statements are prepared using GAAP. These principles require management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

The significant accounting policies used in the preparation of the financial statements are discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Page 58 In conjunction with that discussion, the following reviews the estimates and assumptions used to develop reported amounts related to the most significant policies. Management discusses the development and selection of these accounting estimates with the audit committee of the board of directors and the audit committee has reviewed the company’s disclosure relating to it in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis.

PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE LOSS RESERVES

As discussed in the Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Page 64, management establishes the company’s liabilities for insurance reserves, including adjustments of estimates, based upon company experience and information from internal analysis. Though uncertainty always exists as to the adequacy of established reserves, management believes this uncertainty is mitigated by the historic stability of the company’s book of business. Such reserves are related to various lines of business and will be paid out over future periods. The company monitors trends in the industry, relevant court cases, current legislative activity and other current events in an effort to ascertain new or additional exposures to loss. Insurance loss reserves are affected directly by management’s reserving philosophy.

The company’s outside actuary provides management with an opinion regarding the acceptable range for adequate statutory reserves based on generally accepted actuarial guidelines. Historically, the company has established adequate reserves in the upper half of the actuary’s range. This approach has resulted in recognition of reserve redundancies over the past 10 years, which moderated at year-end 2002 and 2001.

Modestly redundant reserves support the company’s business strategy to retain high financial strength ratings and remain a market for agencies’ business in all market conditions. Slowness to recognize and respond to new or unexpected claim and loss patterns, such as those caused by the risk factors cited in the company’s safe harbor statement, could lead to a rise in incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) reserves. Higher IBNR would lead to a higher losses and loss expenses ratio; each percentage point increase in the losses and loss expenses ratio would reduce pre-tax income by $24 million based on 2002 earned premiums.

The outside actuary’s range for adequate reserves, net of reinsurance, was $2,492 million to $2,674 million for 2002 and $2,267 million to $2,429 million for 2001. The assumptions used to establish the recommended range for 2002 were consistent with prior year practices as described below and in Item 1, Property Casualty Losses and Loss Expense Reserves, Page 5. In addition, the outside actuary undertook additional tests to reflect a change in the initial case reserving procedures by the headquarters claims staff. The decision to establish higher initial case reserves reflected the trend toward rising loss severity, an industry-wide phenomenon.

The total reserve balance, net of reinsurance, at year-end 2002 was $2,608 million compared with $2,352 million at year-end 2001. See Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, Page 64, for a reconciliation of property casualty reserve balances with the losses and loss expenses liability on the balance sheet. The increase in reserves in each year reflected the increases in policies in force and coverages, loss development deterioration reflecting larger losses and management’s conclusions regarding adequate reserve levels. Management believes that the stability of the company’s business makes its historic data the most important source for establishing adequate reserve levels. Traditionally, management has conducted a thorough evaluation in the fourth quarter of the adequacy of its reserves as of the end of the third quarter of each calendar year. In the quarters following, changes based on that thorough review are implemented in conjunction with the less detailed but continuous review of reserve adequacy. As a result, the most significant variation in reserves is seen in the fourth quarter.

HIGHLY UNCERTAIN EXPOSURES

In the normal course of its business, the company may provide coverage that leads to highly uncertain exposures as summarized below:

  Environmental and asbestos — Management has reviewed its exposure to environmental risk, including mold, and asbestos risk. Management believes that reserves are adequate at this time and that these coverage areas are immaterial to the company’s financial position due to the types of accounts the company has insured in the past. Factors evaluated to reach those conclusions include:

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    Open claim counts for the long-tail asbestos and environmental losses ranged from 400 to 600 for all three years, or less than 1 percent of the total open claim count in each of the three years.
 
    Losses and loss expenses incurred for all asbestos and environmental claims were $20 million, or 1.2 percent total losses and loss expenses, in 2002, compared with $7 million, or 0.4 percent, in 2001, and $19 million, or 1.2 percent, in 2000.
 
    Reserves for all asbestos and environmental claims were $71 million, or 2.7 percent of total reserves, in 2002, compared with $63 million, or 2.7 percent, in 2001 and $62 million, or 2.9 percent, in 2000.

    Commercial accounts were written by the company after the development of coverage forms that exclude cleanup costs. The company’s exposure to risks associated with past production and/or installation of asbestos materials is minimal because the company was primarily a personal lines company when most of the asbestos exposure occurred. The commercial coverage the company did offer was predominantly related to local-market construction activity rather than asbestos manufacturing. Further, over the past two years, the company has revised policy terms, where permitted by state regulation, to limit its exposure to mold and other environmental risks going forward.
 
  Catastrophic events — Due to the nature of catastrophic events, management is unable to predict precisely the frequency or potential cost of catastrophe occurrences in the future. However, in an effort to control such losses, the company does not market property casualty insurance in California, reviews aggregate exposures to huge disasters and monitors its exposure in certain coastal regions. Based on analysis of a once-in-250-year event, the company has catastrophe exposure to hurricanes in the Gulf and southeastern coastal regions, earthquakes in the New Madrid fault zone (lies within the central Mississippi Valley, extending from northeast Arkansas, through southeast Missouri, western Tennessee, western Kentucky to southern Illinois) and tornado, wind and hail in the Midwest and Southeast. The company uses the Risk Management Solutions and Applied Insurance Research models to evaluate exposures and aid in determining appropriate reinsurance coverage programs.

To help mitigate the risk of these highly uncertain exposures, the company maintains reinsurance treaties as described below.

REINSURANCE

The company limits the maximum net loss that can arise from large risks or risks concentrated in areas of exposure by reinsuring these risks (ceding) with other insurers or reinsurers. The company’s property casualty risk retention program is affected by various factors, which include, but are not limited to, the changes in the company’s underwriting practices, the capacity to retain risks and reinsurance market conditions.

The company has property casualty working reinsurance treaties and a property casualty catastrophe reinsurance treaty for 2003 through reinsurers that have written the company’s treaties for more than 10 years.

To protect against single large losses, the company purchases property casualty working reinsurance treaties. For 2003:

  The property working treaty ceded premiums are estimated to be $24 million compared with $25 million in 2002 and $16 million in 2001, net of a one-time ceding commission. In 2003, the company will retain the first $2 million of each loss, as it has for several years. It will retain 40 percent of the next $3 million of the loss, up from 20 percent in 2002 while there was no retention on that layer in 2001. Losses in excess of $5 million are reinsured at 100 percent up to $25 million. Terrorism losses greater than $5 million are reinsured at 80 percent, unchanged from 2002, compared with 100 percent coverage in 2001.

  The casualty working treaty ceded premiums are estimated to be $55 million, compared with $52 million in 2002 and $32 million in 2001, net of a one-time ceding commission. The company will retain the first $2 million of each casualty loss, as it has for several years. It will retain 60 percent of each loss from $2 million to $4 million, up from 40 percent in 2002 and 20 percent in 2001. Losses in excess of $4 million are reinsured at 100 percent up to $25 million. Terrorism losses at this higher level are reinsured at 80 percent, unchanged from last year, compared with 100 percent in 2001.

For property coverages of individual risks with insured values in excess of $25 million but less than $50 million, the company typically purchases reinsurance (facultative) coverage under an automatic facultative treaty. For those risks with property values exceeding $50 million, the company negotiates the purchase of facultative coverage on an individual certificate basis. For casualty coverages of individual risks with limits exceeding $25 million, facultative reinsurance coverage is placed on an individual certificate basis.

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To protect against catastrophic events, the company purchases property catastrophe reinsurance. Under the 2003 treaty, ceded premiums are estimated to be $20 million, up from $19 million in 2002 and $13 million in 2001. The company will retain the first $25 million of losses arising out of a single event, as it has done for several years. It will retain 43 percent of losses from $25 million to $45 million as it did in 2002, an increase from 5 percent in 2001. It will retain 5 percent of losses from $45 million to $200 million. In mid-2002, the company expanded the property catastrophe reinsurance program, adding another $100 million layer in excess of $200 million and retaining 50 percent of the losses in this layer. For 2003, the company will reduce its retention of losses between $200 million and $300 million to 5 percent. The company increased its catastrophe coverage because of its increased exposure due to company growth.

The company also has traditionally purchased a reinsurance treaty that provides an additional $25 million in casualty loss protection, notably for workers compensation losses, bad faith losses and “clash coverage” when there is a single occurrence involving multiple insureds or multiple policies for one insured. The company purchases surety reinsurance in a separate contract.

All reinsurance agreements in place in 2003 are similar to those for 2002, with modestly higher retention levels and an estimated incremental cost increase, net of tax, of $4 million, or 2 cents per share. The company has the financial ability to absorb losses at these levels, and the 2003 reinsurance agreement is a means of balancing reinsurance costs and risks.

Management evaluates terrorism exposure based on aggregate exposure to class of risk. As of the November 26, 2002 enactment of the TRIA, only approximately 120 of the company’s commercial lines policies had terrorism exclusions endorsed. Under the 2003 property casualty working treaties, the company’s terrorism reinsurance coverage has limitations in addition to higher retentions. Coverage is more limited for terrorism than for other causes of loss in the event of multiple events during the same calendar year. Under the catastrophe cover, there is no terrorism coverage for nuclear, pollution or contamination events. For other catastrophic terrorism losses, the company has obtained coverage for personal lines and some limited coverage for commercial lines. Due to the company’s focus on small- to medium-sized businesses in smaller markets and the belief that these policyholders are not likely terrorism targets, as well as the availability of reinsurance, the company remains willing to continue to underwrite terrorism losses.

LIFE INSURANCE POLICY RESERVES

Reserves for traditional life insurance policies are based on expected expenses, mortality, withdrawal rates and investment yields, including a provision for adverse deviation. Once these assumptions are established, they generally are maintained throughout the lives of the contracts. Expected mortality is derived primarily from industry experience. Withdrawal rates are based on company and industry experience, while investment yield is based on company experience and the economic conditions then in effect.

Reserves for the company’s universal life, deferred annuity and investment contracts are equal to the cumulative account balances, which include premium deposits plus credited interest less charges and withdrawals.

DEFERRED ACQUISITION COSTS

The company establishes a deferred asset for costs that vary with and are primarily related to acquiring property casualty and life business, principally agent’s commissions, premium taxes, and certain underwriting costs, which are deferred and amortized into income.

For property casualty policies, deferred costs are amortized over the terms of the policies. For life policies, acquisition costs are deferred and amortized over the premium-paying period of the policies. For accident health policies, expenses incurred in the issuance of policies are deferred and amortized in level proportion to gross premiums over the expected lifetime of the contract.

Underlying assumptions are periodically updated to reflect actual experience and changes in the amounts of timing or estimated future profits will results in adjustments in the accumulated amortization of these costs. Management does not believe that future changes in assumptions would have a material affect on the company.

SEPARATE ACCOUNTS

The company issues life contracts with guaranteed minimum returns, referred to as bank-owned life insurance policies (BOLI), the assets and liabilities of which are legally segregated and recorded as assets and liabilities of the separate accounts. Minimum investment returns and account values are guaranteed by the company and also include death benefits to beneficiaries of the contract holders.

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The assets of the separate accounts are carried at fair value. Separate account liabilities primarily represent the contract holders’ claims to the related assets and are carried at the fair value of the assets. In the event that the asset value of contract holders’ accounts is projected below the value guaranteed by the company, a liability is established through a charge to the company’s earnings.

Investment income and realized investment gains and losses of the separate accounts accrue directly to the contract holders and, therefore, are not included in the company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. Each separate account contract includes a negotiated realized gain and loss sharing arrangement with the company. A percentage of each separate account’s realized gain and loss accrues to the company and is transferred from the separate account to the company’s general account and is recognized as revenue or expense.

In the company’s most significant separate account, realized gains and losses are retained in the separate account and are deferred and amortized to the contract holder over a five-year period, subject to certain limitations. Upon termination or maturity of this separate account contract, any unamortized deferred gains and/or losses revert to the general account. In the event this separate account holder were to surrender the contract, there would be a surrender charge equal to 10 percent of the contract’s account value during the first five years, decreasing 2 percent a year to 0 percent at year 11. At December 31, 2002, net unamortized losses amounted to $5 million. In accordance with this separate account agreement, the investment assets must meet certain criteria established by banking regulatory authorities to whose jurisdiction the contract holder is subject. Therefore, sales of investments may be mandated to maintain compliance with these regulations, possibly requiring gains or losses to be recorded, and charged to the general account. Potentially, losses could be material; however, unrealized losses at December 31, 2002, in the separate account portfolio were $1 million.

INVESTMENTS — VALUATION AND IMPAIRMENT

The company’s largest asset is its investment portfolio; and, therefore, accounting policies relative to the investment portfolio are critical. Most of the company’s investments are made in publicly traded securities. Valuations of all of the company’s investments are based on either listed prices or data provided by FT Interactive Data, an outside resource that supplies global securities pricing, dividend, corporate action and descriptive information to support fund pricing, securities operations, research and portfolio management. FT Interactive Data collects, edits, maintains and delivers data on more than 3.5 million securities, commodities and derivative instruments traded around the world. This data includes daily evaluations for more than 2.5 million active fixed-income issues.

Changes in the fair value of these securities, based on the listed prices or information from FT Interactive Data, are reported on the company’s balance sheet in other comprehensive income, net of tax. Fixed maturities (bonds and notes) and equity securities (common and preferred stocks) are classified as available for sale and recorded at fair value in the financial statements.

The company’s investment committee and asset impairment committee continually monitor investments and other assets for signs of impairment. Among other signs, the committees monitor significant decreases in the market value of the assets, changes in legal factors or in the business climate, an accumulation of costs in excess of the amount originally expected to acquire or construct an asset, or other factors such as bankruptcy, deterioration of creditworthiness, failure to pay interest or dividends or signs indicating that the carrying amount may not be recoverable.

Declines in the market value of assets are categorized as follows:

  Temporary declines — Temporary declines are ordinary fluctuations in the value of a security when considered in the context of overall economic and market conditions. Securities considered to have a temporary decline would be expected to recover their market value. Similar to market value gains, temporary declines (changes in the fair value of these securities) are reported on the company’s balance sheet in other comprehensive income, net of tax, and have no impact on net income.
 
  Other-than-temporary impairments — Other-than-temporary impairment charges indicate a decline in valuation — often in conjunction with events taking place in the overall economy and market, combined with events specific to the industry or operations of the issuing corporation — which meets specific criteria established by the asset impairment committee. These objective measures include a declining trend in market value, the extent of the market value decline and the length of time over which the value has been depressed, as well as subjective measures such as pending events and issuer liquidity. Generally, these declines in valuation are greater than might be anticipated when viewed in the context of overall economic and market conditions. Impairment charges are classified as other-than-temporary if, in management’s judgment,

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    there is little expectation that the value will be recouped in the foreseeable future. A security trading below 70 percent of book value or with a Moody’s Investors Service or Standard & Poor’s credit rating below B3/B- is defined by the company as distressed and monitored as potentially impaired. The security may be written down in the event of a declining market value for four consecutive quarters with quarter-end market value below 50 percent of book value or when a security’s market value is 50 percent below book value for three consecutive quarters. A sudden and severe drop in market value that does not otherwise meet the above criteria is reviewed for possible immediate impairment. Not withstanding the above, the company’s portfolio managers constantly monitor the status of their assigned portfolios for indications of potential problems or issues that may be possible impairment issues. If a significant impairment indicator is noted, the portfolio managers more closely scrutinize the security.
 
    When evaluating other-than-temporary impairments, management considers the company’s ability to retain a security for a period adequate to recover a significant percentage of cost. Because of the company’s investment philosophy and strong capitalization, it can hold securities that have the potential to recover value until their scheduled redemption, when they might otherwise be deemed impaired. Other-than-temporarily impaired investment assets are evaluated based on their adjusted book value and further written down, if deemed appropriate. The decision to sell or write down an asset with impairment indications reflects, at least in part, management’s opinion that the security no longer meets the company’s investment expectations. In addition, because the company can hold securities trading below book value until maturity and its criteria for determining potential impairments relate to the magnitude of a quarter-end decline in market value or rating, the company monitors the length of time securities in its portfolio are in a continuous loss position only when securities have reached 70 percent of book value. See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, Page 46, for a detailed discussion of continuous loss position information for securities trading below 70 percent of book value at December 31, 2002.
 
    Other-than-temporary declines in the fair value of investments are recognized in net income as realized losses at the time when facts and circumstances indicate such write-downs are warranted.
 
  Write-offs (permanent impairments) — Permanent impairments are defined as those for which management believes there is little potential for future recovery, for example, following the bankruptcy of the issuing corporation. These permanent declines in the fair value of investments are written off at the time when facts and circumstances indicate such write-downs are warranted and reflected in realized losses.

During 2002, the company recognized $98 million, or 0.9 percent of total invested assets, of other-than-temporary impairment charges, including $16 million from four convertible securities and $82 million from 26 fixed-income securities. During 2001, the company recognized $45 million, or 0.4 percent of total invested assets, of other-than-temporary impairment charges, $8 million from two convertible securities and $37 million from 12 fixed-income securities. Other-than-temporary impairment charges had no influence on 2000 results. Further, $4 million, or less than 0.1 percent of total invested assets, was deemed permanently impaired and written off in 2002 and $18 million, or 0.2 percent of total invested assets, was written off in 2001. See Results of Operation, Page 24, for a detailed discussion.

Based on comparison of market value to book value data as of year-end 2002, 59 securities with a book value of $231 million, or 2.0 percent of total invested assets, were being monitored due to the presence of impairment indicators. Management believes it is unlikely that it would be required to impair the entire value of these securities; however, in those circumstances the impact of impairment on the company’s book value and surplus would be minimal. See Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, Page 46, for a detailed discussion of potential other-than-temporary impairment charges.

EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN

The company has a defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees. Contributions and pension costs are developed from annual actuarial valuations. These valuations involve key assumptions including discount rates and expected return on plan assets, which are updated each year. Any adjustments to these assumptions are based on considerations of current market conditions. Therefore, changes in the related pension costs or credits may occur in the future due to changes in assumptions. The key assumptions used in developing the 2002 net pension credit were a 6.5 percent discount rate, an 8 percent expected return on plan assets and rates of compensation increases ranging from 5 percent to 7 percent, depending on the age of the employee. The 8 percent return on assets assumption is based on the investments of the portfolio held by the pension plan and that substantially all of the investments are equity securities that pay annual dividends. Management believes this rate is representative of the expected long-term rate of return on these assets. These assumptions were consistent with the prior year except that the discount rate was reduced by half of one percent due to current market conditions. Compared with the prior year, the net pension credit was reduced by $2 million. For 2003, the company expects a net pension expense of $4 million, primarily as a result of lower plan assets and resulting expected returns and a decrease in the interest rate used in converting the lump sum cash out form of payment at retirement by half of one percent. Holding all other

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assumptions constant, a half of one percent increase or decrease in the discount rate would have increased or decreased annual 2002 income before income taxes by $1 million. Likewise, a half of one percent increase or decrease in the expected return on plan assets would have increased or decreased annual 2002 income before income taxes by $800,000.

In addition, the estimated accumulated benefit obligation (ABO) related to the defined benefit pension plan exceeded the fair value of the plan assets at December 31, 2002. This was due primarily to negative returns on the pension funds as a result of the overall decline in the equity markets and a decline in the discount rate used to estimate the pension liability as a result of declining interest rates in the United States. Market conditions and interest rates significantly impact future assets and liabilities of the pension plan. An additional liability might be required in the future, with the potential for a charge to equity to the extent the minimum liability exceeds unrecognized prior service cost upon measurement of plan obligations, which is usually completed by the company at the end of each year.

RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

The company’s adoption of SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” which requires an impairment-only approach to valuing goodwill and other intangible assets, had no impact on the consolidated financial statements. SFAS No. 143 “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” which addresses accounting and reporting for obligations associated with the retirement of tangible long-lived assets and the associated asset retirement costs, is not applicable to the company and therefore has no impact on the consolidated financial statements. The company’s adoption of SFAS No. 144 “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets,” which addresses financial accounting and reporting for the impairment of long-lived assets and for long-lived assets to be disposed of, also had no impact on the consolidated financial statements.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued SFAS No. 145 “Rescission of FASB Statements No. 4, 44 and 64, Amendment of FASB Statement No. 13, and Technical Corrections” in April 2002, which eliminates inconsistencies in certain lease transactions, includes certain other technical corrections and clarifies language; SFAS No. 146 “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal” was issued in June 2002 and requires that liabilities for costs associated with an exit or disposal activity be recognized and measured at fair value when the liability is incurred; SFAS No. 147 “Acquisitions of Certain Financial Institutions” was issued in October 2002 and relates to the application of the purchase method of accounting and requires those transactions be accounted for in accordance with SFAS No. 141 “Business Combinations” and No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”; management has determined that these newly issued accounting pronouncements will have no effect on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB issued SFAS No. 148 “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation — Transition and Disclosure” in December 2002. This pronouncement provides alternative methods of transition for a voluntary change to the fair value based method of accounting for stock-based compensation. In addition, more prominent disclosures in both annual and interim financial statements about the method of accounting for stock-based employee compensation and the effect of the method used on reported results. The company has adopted the disclosure provisions of this pronouncement and will adopt a transition method at the time when a consistent fair value recognition and measurement provision is determined by FASB (in conjunction with the international accounting standards setters) and is required to be adopted.

FASB Interpretation 45 “Guarantor’s Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others” became effective December 15, 2002. This interpretation elaborates on the disclosures to be made by a guarantor in its financial statements about its obligations under certain guarantees that it has issued. Management has determined that this interpretation will have no effect on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

FASB Interpretation 46 “Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities” was issued in January 2003 and is effective at various dates for various requirements. This interpretation addresses consolidation of variable interest entities (formerly known as special purpose entities). Management has determined that this interpretation will have no effect on the company’s consolidated financial statements.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

THREE-YEAR HIGHLIGHTS
                                                 
(Dollars in millions except per share data)                                        
    2002   Change %   2001   Change %   2000   Change %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Revenue
  $ 2,843       11.0     $ 2,561       9.9     $ 2,331       9.5  
 
   
             
             
         
Net income before realized investment gains and losses
  $ 300       43.2     $ 210       74.6     $ 120       (52.9 )
Net realized investment gains and losses
    (62 )     (277.9 )     (17 )     (870.7 )     (2 )     (359.7 )
 
   
             
             
     
Net income
  $ 238       23.3     $ 193       63.3     $ 118       (53.5 )
 
   
             
             
         
Per share data (diluted):
                                               
Net income before realized investment gains and losses
  $ 1.84       42.6     $ 1.29       74.3     $ 0.74       (51.3 )
Net realized investment gains and losses
    (.38 )     (280.0 )     (.10 )     (900.0 )     (0.01 )   nm
 
   
             
             
         
Net income
  $ 1.46       22.7     $ 1.19       63.0     $ 0.73       (52.0 )
 
   
             
             
         
Book value
  $ 34.65       (6.5 )   $ 37.07       (0.5 )   $ 37.26       11.4  
Return on equity
    4.1 %     28.4       3.2 %     52.4       2.1 %     (54.3 )
Return on equity based on comprehensive income
    (4.0 %)     (259.2 )     2.5 %     (80.8 )     13.0 %     584.2  

Highlights of the company’s financial performance over the past three years include:

  Revenue growth in each of the past three years primarily reflected higher contributions from property casualty earned premiums and investment income.
 
  Property casualty statutory written premium growth of 19.4 percent in 2002, or 14.0 percent excluding the premium estimate adjustment, and 13.1 percent in 2001 compared with estimated industry growth of 14.2 percent and 8.1 percent in 2002 and 2001, respectively. 2002 property casualty written premiums benefited from a premium estimate adjustment, which added $2 million after tax, or 1 cent per share, to net income. The premium estimate adjustment reflected further refinement of the company’s estimation process for matching written and earned premiums to policy effective dates. It added $117 million to written premiums, $15 million to earned premiums and $3 million to pre-tax GAAP underwriting profits.
 
  Investment income grew at a 4.8 percent compound annual growth rate over the three-year period compared with declines in investment income for the property casualty industry. While low prevailing interest rates and weak market conditions have limited opportunities to expand investment income, the company’s emphasis on equity holdings with a steady flow of dividend payments has added stability to investment income. Growth rates are calculated excluding $5 million in interest earned in 2000 from a $303 million single-premium BOLI policy booked at the end of 1999.
 
  Net income rose 23.3 percent in 2002 and 63.3 percent in 2001 after declining 53.5 percent in 2000. To evaluate the success of pricing, rate and underwriting strategies, management evaluates the trend in net income before realized investment gains and losses, which rose 43.2 percent in 2002 and 74.6 percent in 2001 after declining 52.9 percent in 2000. The difference between net income and net income before realized investment gains and losses is the inclusion of realized investment gains and losses, the timing of which the company has some measure of control due to unrealized gains in the portfolio. 2001 growth rates for net income and net income before realized investment gains and losses are calculated excluding a one-time charge of $25 million (after-tax) recorded in 2000 to expense impaired assets related to development of next-generation software to process property casualty policies. For comparison purposes, all data discussed below excludes the charge, unless otherwise indicated.
 
  Book value was $34.65 at year-end 2002, down from $37.07 at year-end 2001 and the all-time high of $37.26 at year-end 2000. Overall between year-end 2002 and year-end 2000, the company’s common stock portfolio outperformed the overall market, declining 3.4 percent compared with a 17.1 percent decline for the Standard & Poor’s (S&P) 500 Index.

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PROPERTY CASUALTY INSURANCE OPERATIONS

OVERVIEW

Within the property casualty insurance market, the company offers both commercial and personal policies through a network of independent agencies. Property casualty insurance operations highlights include:

  19.4 percent growth in statutory written premiums (14.0 percent excluding the premium estimate adjustment) in 2002 versus the 14.2 percent industry average. Growth in 2002 included a 17.0 percent increase in new business premiums. The company leveraged its relationships with independent agencies to obtain firmer pricing on new and renewal business.
 
  98.4 percent statutory combined ratio in 2002, compared with the estimated industry statutory combined ratio of 105.7 percent and improved from a statutory combined ratio of 103.6 percent in 2001 and 109.9 percent in 2000 (103.9 percent excluding the UM/UIM reserve addition). The estimated statutory combined ratio for the industry was 116.0 percent in 2001 and 110.1 percent in 2000. Statutory ratios are used for comparison since GAAP-based industry data is not readily available.
 
  $18 million of statutory underwriting loss in 2002 compared with underwriting losses of $108 million in 2001 and $210 million in 2000. The underwriting results for 2000 included a $110 million pre-tax addition to reserves, net of reinsurance, for an estimate of past UM/UIM losses incurred but not yet reported (IBNR) resulting from two Ohio Supreme Court decisions that affected all insurers in the state.
 
  Maintained strong ratings:

      •   In May 2002, Fitch announced an initial rating of AA (very strong) with a stable outlook based on the company’s strong financial condition and excellent financial flexibility. Fitch commented that the property casualty operation is defined by strong profitability, which is derived in part by above-average premium growth relative to its peers and strong capitalization at the operating level. The rating also considers the company’s significant investment concentration in common stocks.
 
      •   In November 2002, Standard & Poor’s affirmed its AA- (very strong) ratings with a stable outlook. This rating applies to each insurance subsidiary based on strong competitive position, high business persistency, strong capitalization and excellent financial flexibility. Standard & Poor’s noted these factors are counteracted by the company’s aggressive investment strategies and relatively slow response to significant market changes. In 2001, Standard & Poor’s had changed its rating of the property casualty subsidiaries to AA- (very strong) from AA+ (very strong) in light of their outlook for the overall insurance industry and the company.
 
      •   In November 2002, A.M. Best affirmed its top A++ (superior) financial strength ratings and stable outlook for the company’s property casualty group and subsidiaries. Best cited the company’s superior capitalization, sustained profitability and benefits from its long-standing independent agency strategy. A.M. Best said these strengths are somewhat offset by the company’s high investment leverage, continued stockholder dividends and modest surplus growth caused by the recent decline in the equity markets and operating returns that are below the company’s historical average.
 
      •   In November 2002, Moody’s Investors Service reaffirmed its Aa3 ratings of the property casualty subsidiaries noting key factors including the company’s sound balance sheet, conservative leverage profile and sizable capital base. Moody’s said that offsetting these strengths are the company’s continued struggles with large loss severity trends, but pricing and underwriting initiatives should continue to offset these patterns, which are being closely monitored by the company. Other challenges include the risks inherent in the company’s investment strategy, which is concentrated in a limited number of equities and continued development for front and back-end technology systems that lag companies of comparable size.

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COMMERCIAL LINES
                                                   
(Dollars in millions, prior to intercompany eliminations)                                        
      2002   Change %   2001   Change %   2000   Change %
     
 
 
 
 
 
Earned premiums
  $ 1,723       18.6     $ 1,453       17.9     $ 1,232       13.2  
Losses incurred
    996       10.0       905       3.2       877       31.2  
Loss expenses incurred
    214       25.3       171       7.7       159       28.2  
Underwriting expenses incurred
    448       16.3       386       5.4       365       13.2  
Policyholder dividends incurred
    6       (65.4 )     16       (11.6 )     18       187.3  
 
   
             
             
         
 
Underwriting profit (loss)
  $ 59       330.5     $ (25 )     86.4     $ (187 )     (458.7 )
 
   
             
             
         
Combined ratio:
                                               
Loss ratio
    55.5 %     (8.1 )     60.4 %     (13.3 )     69.7 %     17.7  
Loss expense ratio
    12.5       5.1       11.8       (8.5 )     12.9       13.2  
 
   
             
             
         
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophe losses
    68.0 %     (5.8 )     72.2 %     (12.6 )     82.6 %     17.0  
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses ratio
    2.3       20.9       1.9       29.1       1.5       (34.4 )
 
   
             
             
         
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    70.3 %     (5.1 )     74.1 %     (11.9 )     84.1 %     15.5  
Underwriting expense ratio
    26.0       (1.9 )     26.5       (10.8 )     29.7       0  
Policyholder dividend ratio
    0.3       (72.7 )     1.1       (26.7 )     1.4       150.0  
 
   
             
             
         
 
Combined ratio
    96.6 %     (5.0 )     101.7 %     (11.8 )     115.2 %     11.8  
 
   
             
             
         

PREMIUM GROWTH

Commercial lines earned premiums rose 18.6 percent in 2002, or 17.6 percent excluding the premium estimate adjustment described above, compared with 17.9 percent in 2001 and 13.2 percent in 2000. Statutory written premiums for commercial lines of insurance grew 22.8 percent in 2002, or 15.8 percent excluding the premium estimate adjustment, compared with the estimated industry average of 17.9 percent. The primary source of growth in the past two years has been firmer pricing on new and renewal commercial business, more then offsetting deliberate decisions to not write or non-renew certain business. In 2001, the company’s commercial lines statutory written premiums grew 16.6 percent compared with an estimated industry average of 8.1 percent.

Commercial lines premium growth in states in which the company has had a presence for more than five years was 16.0 percent in 2002 compared with 22.9 percent in 2001, reflecting the continued opportunities available to the company. Expansion states, where the company has operated for five or fewer years, also were a factor in overall growth, with agency direct premiums of $49 million in 2002 compared with $32 million in 2001 and $14 million in 2000. Over the past five years, the company began marketing commercial lines insurance in Idaho, Montana, upstate New York, North Dakota and Utah.

Growth also has reflected the focus on improving customer service through the creation of smaller marketing territories, permitting local field marketing representatives to devote more time to each independent agent. At year-end 2002, the company had 83 property casualty field territories, up from 74 at the end of 2000. During 2003, the company plans to split and staff another six territories. Smaller territories allow marketing representatives to increase the level of service as well as expand the opportunities to ask for and earn new business.

The company’s standard approach is to write three-year policies, a competitive advantage in the commercial lines market. Exceptions have traditionally included some business new to the agency, aggressively priced policies or policies for which facultative reinsurance has been purchased. Though the company commits to a three-year policy term, policies are annually renewable at the discretion of the policyholder and are cancelable at any time. In 2002, the company wrote a higher-than-normal number of one-year policies while awaiting state regulatory approval for the addition of aggregate limits to the company’s general liability and umbrella coverage forms. These policies would normally have been written on a three-year basis. The changes to the general liability and umbrella coverage limits bring the company in line with industry practices. In 2003, the company expects to resume writing three-year policies at its normal pace because of the competitive advantages.

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While writing three-year policies would appear to restrict opportunities to quickly adjust pricing, annual adjustments are in fact made within multi-year packages to automobile, workers compensation, professional liability and most umbrella liability coverages. Management estimates that approximately 74.5 percent of 2002 commercial premium was subject to annual adjustment or re-pricing. Rates on the remaining 25.5 percent of premium are guaranteed for three years. Multi-year packages are offered at rates that may be slightly higher than single-year or annually-adjusted rates. By reducing annual administrative efforts, multi-year policies reduce the company’s and agency’s expenses and the incentive for the policyholder to shop for a new policy every year. Management believes that the advantages of three-year policies in terms of policyholder retention and reduced administrative costs outweigh the potential disadvantage of these policies in periods of rising rates. In addition, the company began increasing rates in 2000 and is two-thirds through the repricing period for renewals of multi-year policies.

Premium growth in 2002 benefited from double-digit premium increases for most commercial lines of business on relatively constant policy counts. The company is more aggressively identifying and measuring exposures to match coverage amounts and premiums to the risk. Where this matching is not possible, accounts are not being renewed. Agents agree on the need to carefully select risks and restore pricing adequacy. They appreciate the time the company’s associates invest in creating solutions for their clients while protecting profitability, whether that means working on an individual case or developing modified policy terms and conditions that preserve flexibility, choice and other sales advantages.

Based on billed written premiums directly by agencies, in 2002, commercial annualized new business premiums were $251 million compared with $220 million in 2001 and $230 million in 2000. Locally based field marketing representatives, who work with agencies to underwrite and price business based on personal and direct knowledge of the risk and competitive environment, lead the new business effort. Overall growth of new business in 2002 was affected by the company’s decision to selectively reduce workers compensation writings. On the basis of billed written premiums directly, new workers compensation premiums declined 17.4 percent in 2002 and 18.4 percent in 2001, compared with a 55.4 percent increase in 2000.

The company has tightened underwriting of new and renewal business, writing new business on a case-by-case basis and offering one-year policies where competition or reinsurance arrangements makes multi-year policies impractical. Over the past three years, the growth rate for individual business lines within the commercial lines segment has shown the company’s emphasis on obtaining adequate pricing for the covered risk:

  Commercial multi-peril — Earned premiums grew 13.2 percent, 15.8 percent and 13.5 percent in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. As noted above, the company wrote a higher than normal number of one-year policies in 2002 pending regulatory approval for changes in policy terms and conditions. Commercial multi-peril premium growth slowed as some policies previously written in a premium discounted package were moved to non-discounted package programs, which are included in the other liability line of business. This change reflected firmer pricing within the marketplace.
 
  Workers compensation — Overall growth was 16.7 percent due to price increases in 2002 versus 21.3 percent in 2001 and 12.2 percent in 2000. During 2002, the company selectively reduced its workers compensation writings, although pricing had improved for renewal business because of reduced credits.
 
  Commercial auto — Earned premiums grew 19.8 percent, 20.9 percent and 15.9 percent in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The growth rate in commercial auto earned premiums in 2002 was due to price increases as the number of policies remained stable.
 
  Other liability (commercial umbrella, commercial general liability and directors and officers) - Earned premiums grew 27.5 percent in 2002 due to a higher number of policies written in non-discounted programs. Other liability earned premium growth in 2001 was 4.9 percent down from 12.9 percent in 2000.

In total, commercial multi-peril, workers compensation, commercial auto and other liability accounted for 90.5 percent of total commercial lines earned premium in 2002 versus 91.5 percent in 2001 and 92.7 percent in 2000.

While no immediate effects are anticipated, the company reached certain milestones in 2002 related to Web-based technology projects that make it easier for agents to place business with the company. Agencies and field representatives in four states now are using the company’s new commercial policy quoting systems with six additional states planned for 2003.

PROFITABILITY

The commercial lines combined ratio was 96.6 percent in 2002, an improvement from 101.7 percent in 2001 and 115.2 percent in 2000 (106.8 percent when the UM/UIM reserve is excluded). Catastrophe losses contributed 2.3 percent, 1.9 percent and 1.5 percent to the commercial lines losses and loss expenses and combined ratios in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.

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LOSSES AND LOSS EXPENSES ANALYSIS

The losses and loss expenses ratio for commercial lines was 70.3 percent in 2002, compared with 74.1 percent in 2001 and 84.1 percent in 2000 (75.7 percent when the reserve addition is excluded). Since 2000, improvement in commercial lines profitability has primarily been driven by pricing gains as policy count has been relatively flat over the three-year period. In addition, the company has focused on longer-term efforts to enhance profitability. These have included knowing what exposures it has for each risk and making sure it offers appropriate coverages and limits of insurance at appropriate prices. The company continues to develop new underwriting guidelines, to re-underwrite books of business with selected agencies and to change policy terms and conditions where necessary. In addition, the company continues to leverage its strong local presence. Field marketing representatives have been meeting with every agency to reaffirm agreements on the extent of frontline renewal underwriting to be performed by local agencies. Loss control, machinery and equipment and field claims representatives have been conducting on-site inspections, with field claims representatives preparing full risk reports on every account reporting a loss above $100,000 or on any risk of concern.

Specific actions in 2002 and 2001 have included:

  Contractor task force — A number of initiatives resulted from this review including the development of a supplemental application to better identify exposures; renewing emphasis on agent and underwriter education in the area of effective risk transfer mechanisms, particularly for subcontractors; better managing exposures to apartment or tract housing development; making residential contractors ineligible for monoline umbrella treatment; and, excluding mold and external insulating finishing system (EIFS) exposures, where allowed by state regulations.
 
  Risk-category reviews — These studies emphasized underwriting guidelines, such as property age, capacity and loss experience. While the company continues to evaluate risks on their own merits, these risk category reviews have helped it to develop guidelines such as caps on umbrella limits for certain severity-prone business types.
 
  Commercial auto review — This program identified or fine-tuned underwriting guidelines and procedures, with careful attention to trucking businesses that specialize in transporting goods for others, in some cases on a long-haul basis.
 
  General liability task force — Nearing completion, this study is focusing on loss trends by classes of business, severity versus frequency and other metrics for casualty coverages. The objective is to determine why general liability results have not responded to the company’s other actions to improve profitability. Task force recommendations are expected in the first quarter of 2003.

The reserve estimation policies for the company’s property casualty business are described under Significant Accounting Policies (see Page 18). As rate and other actions have begun to contribute to improved overall profitability for commercial lines, the company continually monitors the adequacy of its reserves relative to commercial lines.

Management’s conclusions regarding reserve levels in 2002 reflected refinement of the manner in which the value of future salvage and subrogation for claims already incurred is estimated. Also, management increased reserves for incurred but not yet reported losses because of higher than expected paid and/or reported development in workers compensation, commercial casualty, commercial umbrella and other liability lines for accident years 1999 through 2001. The increased IBNR was due to management’s continuous efforts to achieve its best estimates of the ultimate incurred losses and not due to any specific event or level of claim activity in a particular line. Management monitors claim activity and appropriately modifies amounts added to losses and loss expense reserves via IBNR additions on an ongoing basis. The IBNR increase in 2001 primarily reflected business growth and the company’s analysis of loss trends. The IBNR increase in 2000 primarily reflected the $103 million commercial lines portion of the UM/UIM reserve.

Following two Ohio Supreme Court decisions, in 2000 the company established a $110 million IBNR reserve, net of reinsurance, for past UM/UIM losses incurred but not yet reported. The court rulings affected all auto insurers in the state, and the company’s reserve action was intended to clear the way for long-term performance improvements benefiting shareholders and policyholders. Prior to the establishment of the reserve, the company had incurred losses in 2000 and 1999 of $28 million and $12 million, respectively, related to these claims. In 2001, the company reduced the IBNR reserve by $54 million for claims reported during the year and changes in case reserves. In 2002, the company reduced the IBNR reserve by an additional $30 million for claims reported during the year and changes in case reserves; however, the rate at which new claims are being presented has declined and favorable development on older claims is appearing. Management believes the reserve balance, which stood at $26 million at year-end 2002, is adequate to cover additional claims that may be reported during 2003 and beyond. Management will continue to monitor these claims and revise its estimates of the related ultimate liabilities and reserves accordingly. Management also will continue to monitor cases pending before the Supreme Court in Ohio that could alter the outlook for future UM/UIM claims either positively or negatively.

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LINE OF BUSINESS ANALYSIS

    The following discussion details results for the four largest of the company’s commercial property casualty business lines. The accident year loss data below provides current estimates of accident year incurred losses and loss expenses for each of the past four years.

                                                   
(Dollars in millions)   Years ended December 31,
   
    2002   Change %   2001   Change %   2000   Change %
     
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial multi-peril
 
Earned premium
  $ 607       13.2     $ 536       15.8     $ 463       13.5  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    422       2.1       413       18.5       349       16.9  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    69.5 %     (9.9 )     77.1 %     2.3       75.4 %     3.0  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    63.5       (13.7 )     73.6       2.5       71.8       6.8  
Workers compensation
 
 
Earned premium
  $ 294       16.7     $ 252       21.3     $ 208       12.2  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    235       15.7       203       32.6       153       16.8  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    80.0 %     (.9 )     80.7 %     9.2       73.9 %     4.2  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    80.0       (.9 )     80.7       9.2       73.9       4.2  
Commercial auto
 
 
Earned premium
  $ 383       19.8     $ 320       20.9     $ 265       15.9  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    259       (5.7 )     274       (13.9 )     319       55.7  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    67.5 %     (21.2 )     85.7 %     (28.8 )     120.4 %     34.4  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    66.7       (21.6 )     85.1       (29.0 )     119.8       34.2  
Other liability
 
 
Earned premium
  $ 276       27.5     $ 216       4.9     $ 206       12.9  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    214       68.3       127       (24.4 )     168       48.9  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    77.8 %     32.1       58.9 %     (28.0 )     81.8 %     31.9  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    77.8       32.1       58.9       (28.0 )     81.8       31.9  
                                 
    2002   2001   2000   1999
   
 
 
 
Accident year losses and loss expenses incurred:                
Commercial multi-peril
  $ 416     $ 418     $ 391     $ 320  
Workers compensation
    226       218       197       161  
Other liability
    239       166       149       105  
Commercial auto
    274       249       252       232  
Accident year losses and loss expenses incurred ratio:
                               
Commercial multi-peril
    68.5 %     78.1 %     84.6 %     78.5 %
Workers compensation
    76.8       86.5       94.7       87.0  
Other liability
    86.6       76.7       72.3       57.7  
Commercial auto
    71.5       77.8       95.1       101.6  

Among other factors, an industry-wide rise in loss severity over the past several years has resulted from escalating legal costs, medical costs and jury verdicts. Management monitors loss data by size of loss, business line, geographic region, agency, field marketing representative and duration of policyholder relationship to determine if there are concentrations or trends that require specific actions. Analysis indicated no significant concentrations beyond that seen in higher loss ratios for certain business lines, which management has addressed.

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In addition to the renewed focus on underwriting discussed above, a number of factors have affected profitability in the company’s four largest commercial lines of business:

  Commercial multi-peril — The losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes for commercial multi-peril improved in 2002 after deteriorating slightly in 2001 due to rising loss severity. A number of underwriting and pricing initiatives contributed to the change in the ratio in 2002 including package discount eligibility review, elimination or reduction of discounts, promotion of insurance-to-value levels and the salvage and subrogation reserve in 2002. The overall effect of these actions improved the losses and loss expenses ratio in 2002 by approximately 9.4 percentage points. Additions of $27 million to reserves for older accident years offset the improvement by 4.4 percentage points.
 
    Further, in 2002 the company rolled out a carefully positioned strategic change to its general liability coverage that revised the handling of policy aggregate limits while maintaining other marketing advantages and bringing the company’s policy forms in line with industry practices. Over the past year, this had the effect of reducing total general liability exposure although the policy count remained relatively unchanged. Looking ahead, this change will help the company better manage contractor-related losses without disrupting the relationships agents have with this important source of business in their communities.
 
    Higher general liability base rates will be effective in most states during first nine months of 2003. This is expected to contribute to further improvement in the losses and loss expenses ratio in 2003.
 
  Workers compensation — The losses and loss expenses ratio in 2002 reflected the addition of $23 million to reserves for older accident years, offset by the salvage and subrogation reserve. Higher than expected paid and reported loss development, primarily in accident years 2001 and 2000, accounted for $21 million of the IBNR change. Calendar year 2002 losses and loss expenses ratio improved slightly over 2001 but overall pricing increases for new and renewed risks have helped to bring about declining accident year loss ratios over the three-year period. At the same time, overall earned premium growth slowed in 2002 as the company chose to non-renew selected accounts. Any new or renewal policy covering 200 or more employees at any one location received added scrutiny as the company sought to manage risk aggregation, especially in light of the terrorism risk. Recent accident year losses and loss expenses ratio trends reflect the improvement the company has seen due to pricing and underwriting actions.
 
  Commercial auto — The losses and loss expenses ratio for commercial auto improved in 2002 and in 2001. The 2000 losses and loss expenses ratio reflects the $103 million IBNR reserve established for UM/UIM. These improvements reflected pricing changes made over the past two years and underwriting actions that addressed the rise in loss severity that began in 2000. Further, a task force studied loss patterns in this business line and recommended new or revised underwriting guidelines focusing on accurate classification and pricing. As part of the company’s overall emphasis on underwriting, risk information is being more closely scrutinized, generally resulting in higher pricing for renewal policyholders. 2002 performance also benefited from the salvage and subrogation reserve.
 
    For 2003, auto base rate changes in the 10 percent to 14 percent range are in the filing stages, which should help the company sustain the losses and loss expenses ratio in its current range.
 
  Other liability — The losses and loss expenses ratio for other liability increased by 18.9 percentage points in 2002 after declining by 22.9 percentage points in 2001. Higher than anticipated accident year 2002 losses for umbrella business resulted in a $19 million increase in IBNR in 2002, which added 6.9 percentage points to the calendar year 2002 losses and loss expenses ratio. In addition, the reserve analysis of certain other liability sublines was refined in 2001. Due to this analysis, which allows more accurate reserve estimation, management determined that other liability reserves could be reduced for 2001. Due to these reserve reductions, calendar year 2001 losses in this line were substantially lower than accident year 2001 losses. Pricing increases taken in 2002 should result in improvement of other liability losses and loss expenses ratio in future years.

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COMMERCIAL LINES LOSSES INCURRED ANALYSIS (GAAP)

                           
(Dollars in millions)   Years ended December 31,
   
      2002   2001   2000
     
 
 
Losses $1 million or more
  $ 90     $ 61     $ 39  
Losses $250 thousand to $1 million
    123       112       79  
Development and reserve increases of $250 thousand or more
    121       111       77  
Other losses
    622       593       664  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total losses incurred excluding catastrophe losses
    956       877       859  
Catastrophe losses
    40       28       18  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total losses
  $ 996     $ 905     $ 877  
 
   
     
     
 
As a percent of earned premiums:
                       
Losses $1 million or more
    5.2 %     4.2 %     3.2 %
Losses $250 thousand to $1 million
    7.2       7.7       6.4  
Development and reserve increases of $250 thousand or more
    7.0       7.7       6.2  
Other losses
    36.1       40.8       53.9  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Loss ratio excluding catastrophe losses
    55.5 %     60.4 %     69.7 %
Catastrophe loss ratio
    2.3       1.9       1.5  
 
   
     
     
 
 
Total loss ratio
    57.8 %     62.3 %     71.2 %
 
   
     
     
 

Analysis of loss data by average size of loss supports management’s belief that the industry-wide increase in loss severity is not a temporary phenomenon. Management evaluates the trend in losses and case reserve adjustments greater than $250,000 to track frequency and severity of larger losses and also monitors claim activity, average claim reserves on new claims and reserve development on large claims, as losses are settled or as reserves are increased. Based on the trends of the past three years, management believes that losses between $250,000 and $1 million and reserve increases greater than $250,000 are stable as a percent of earned premiums. Management is monitoring the level of losses greater than $1 million, however, which continue to rise as a percent of earned premiums.

CATASTROPHE LOSSES

Commercial lines catastrophe losses, net of reinsurance and before taxes, were $40 million in 2002 compared with $28 million in 2001, which included $9 million for losses related to events of September 11, 2001. Reported direct losses accounted for less than fourth-tenths of a percent of the $9 million and arose from the company’s participation in an aircraft insurance pool and other reinsurance agreements. Commercial lines catastrophe losses were $18 million in 2000.

EXPENSES

The expense ratio remained relatively stable over the past three years, excluding the one-time charge to expense software development assets in 2000, as the company maintained its level of investment in staff and in upgrades to technology and facilities. While management expects overall expenses to trend down, the commission expense ratio is expected to rise as workers compensation, which has a low commission rate, becomes a smaller percentage of total premiums.

POLICYHOLDER DIVIDEND EXPENSE

Policyholder dividend expense as a percent of earned premiums declined by 0.8 percentage points in 2002 and 0.3 percentage points in 2001. The improvement in the ratio in 2002 and 2001 reflected the company’s emphasis on pricing for workers compensation as well as its decision to not write or not renew many of these policies. Whenever possible, renewal workers compensation policies are being written by The Cincinnati Casualty Company, which does not offer policyholder dividends.

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USAIG POOL PARTICIPATION

In 2002, Cincinnati Financial, through The Cincinnati Insurance Company, participated in USAIG, a joint underwriting association of individual insurance companies that collectively function as a worldwide insurance market for all types of aviation and aerospace accounts. However, the company ceded its share of the main USAIG pool for policy year 2002, which resulted in a net financial impact equivalent to exiting the pool. Cincinnati Financial’s net participation share in the main USAIG pool was 10 percent for policy years 2001 and 2000.

Due to policy year 2001 rate increases that were booked in 2002, the company recorded a USAIG-related underwriting gain of $10 million for 2002 versus underwriting losses of $3 million and $2 million for 2001 and 2000, respectively. The 2001 underwriting loss included $4 million related to the events of September 11, 2001, and the American Airlines flight 587 accident in Queens, New York, in November 2001.

For participants in the USAIG main pool, each member’s share of premiums, losses, expenses and profits is proportionate to its contracted participation level during the years they participate in the pool. Each member company of USAIG adheres to financial rating, statutory surplus and security agreement requirements. The member companies fund a trust account at a depository bank to meet 100 percent of their respective net liabilities.

USAIG has a reinsurance program for its members. Companies participating in the USAIG reinsurance program are all rated A or higher by A.M. Best. Reinsurance recoverables on behalf of unauthorized reinsurers participating in the pool are backed by letters of credit and trust funds from these reinsurers. The pool has two governing committees to which each member company may appoint a representative. The general policy committee meets periodically to review, among other things, reinsurance credit exposure, trends in the reinsurance marketplace and to evaluate exceptions to the approved reinsurer list that may arise. The advisory council, which includes all member companies, meets annually.

The managers of USAIG issue policies in the name of one or more of the member companies. All business written in The Cincinnati Insurance Company name is treated in the company’s accounts as direct premium and losses and is then ceded to USAIG. For the years ended December 31, 2002, 2001 and 2000, direct business earned and then ceded was $192 million, $57 million and $39 million, while direct losses and loss expenses incurred and then ceded were $29 million, $314 million and $7 million, respectively. Since The Cincinnati Insurance Company was named as the designated insurer for American Airlines’ policy year 2000 business, the gross losses and recoverables resulting from all American Airlines accidents were recorded on its 2001 financial statements. Management expects to recover 100 percent of the reinsurance recoverables associated with these accidents.

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PERSONAL LINES
GROWTH AND PROFITABILITY

                                                 
(Dollars in millions, prior to intercompany eliminations)                                        
    2002   Change %   2001   Change %   2000   Change %
   
 
 
 
 
 
Earned premiums
  $ 670       8.1     $ 620       4.0     $ 596       4.6  
Losses incurred
    476       .1       476       12.3       424       20.0  
Loss expenses incurred
    58       51.8       38       (20.1 )     48       15.4  
Underwriting expenses incurred
    187       2.2       183       6.6       172       23.9  
 
   
             
             
         
Underwriting loss
  $ (51 )     33.4     $ (77 )     (62.0 )   $ (48 )     (231.9 )
 
   
             
             
         
Combined ratio:
                                               
Loss ratio
    63.9 %     (9.9 )     70.9 %     7.9       65.7 %     9.9  
Loss expense ratio
    8.7       40.3       6.2       (23.5 )     8.1       11.0  
 
   
             
             
         
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophe losses
    72.6 %     (5.8 )     77.1 %     4.5       73.8 %     9.8  
Catastrophe losses and loss expenses ratio
    7.1       21.5       5.8       7.4       5.4       152.6  
 
   
             
             
         
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    79.7 %     (3.9 )     82.9 %     4.7       79.2 %     14.3  
Underwriting expense ratio
    27.9       (5.4 )     29.5       2.4       28.8       18.5  
 
   
             
             
         
Combined ratio
    107.6 %     (4.3 )     112.4 %     4.1       108.0 %     15.3  
 
   
             
             
         

Personal lines earned premiums rose 8.1 percent in 2002, compared with 4.0 percent in 2001 and 4.6 percent in 2000. The sources of growth in the past three years were rate increases on new and renewal personal lines business, as well as increased opportunities to write new accounts as agencies and policyholders in the uncertain marketplace are attracted to the company’s fair pricing and long-term approach. Statutory written premiums for personal lines of insurance grew 11.0 percent in 2002, or 9.8 percent excluding the premium estimate adjustment, compared with 5.3 percent in 2001. In each of the past two years, the segment’s written premiums have grown less rapidly than the overall industry averages of 11.2 percent and 9.3 percent, respectively, as the company has focused on underwriting actions as it seeks to return to acceptable levels of profitability.

The personal lines combined ratio was 107.6 percent in 2002, improved from 112.4 percent in 2001 and 108.0 percent in 2000 (106.8 percent excluding the UM/UIM reserve addition). Catastrophe losses contributed 7.1 percent, 5.8 percent and 5.4 percent to the personal losses and loss expenses ratio and the combined ratios in 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively. The losses and loss expenses ratio for personal lines was 79.7 percent in 2002, compared with 82.9 percent in 2001 and 79.2 percent for 2000 (78.0 percent excluding the UM/UIM reserve addition).

While no short-term effects are anticipated, the company reached certain milestones in 2002 related to Web-based technology projects that will make it easier for agents to place business with the company. During its first six months of operation, Kansas agencies processed 3,700 policies with approximately $3 million of premium using the initial version of the new integrated processing system for six personal lines of business. As the technology is rolled out sequentially to other states over the next several years, management believes the program could have a substantial positive benefit on premium growth and evaluation of the company’s personal lines business. The objectives are to build a single-entry data processing system to streamline policy issue; to speed up processing time to improve cash flow; and to offer direct billing, a feature frequently requested by agents. The total amount capitalized for development of this new software through December 31, 2002 was $15 million.

The reserve estimation policies for the company’s property casualty business are described under Significant Accounting Policies (see Page 18). As rate and other actions have begun to contribute to improved overall profitability for personal lines, the company continually monitors the adequacy of its reserves relative to personal lines.

Management’s conclusions regarding reserve levels in 2002 reflected refinement of the manner in which the value of future salvage and subrogation for claims already incurred is estimated. Also, management increased reserves for incurred but not yet reported losses because of higher than expected paid and/or reported development in the homeowner line for accident years

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1999 through 2001. The increased IBNR was due to management’s continuous efforts to achieve its best estimates of the ultimate incurred losses and not due to any specific event or level of claim activity in a particular line. Management monitors claim activity and appropriately modifies amounts added to losses and loss expenses reserves via IBNR additions on an ongoing basis. The IBNR increase in 2001 primarily reflected business growth and the company’s analysis of loss trends. The IBNR increase in 2000 primarily reflected the $7 million reserve for UM/UIM.

LINE OF BUSINESS ANALYSIS

                                                   
(Dollars in millions)   Years ended December 31,
   
      2002   Change %   2001   Change %   2000   Change %
     
 
 
 
 
 
Personal auto
 
 
Earned premium
  $ 389       7.9     $ 361       3.8     $ 348       2.8  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    263       3.4       255       (1.9 )     260       14.8  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    67.6 %     (4.2 )     70.6 %     (5.5 )     74.7 %     11.7  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    66.7       (3.6 )     69.2       (5.6 )     73.3       9.9  
Homeowner
 
 
Earned premium
  $ 210       10.0     $ 191       6.3     $ 180       8.3  
 
Losses and loss expenses incurred
    207       (.4 )     208       25.4       166       29.7  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio
    98.6 %     (9.5 )     108.9 %     18.1       92.2 %     19.7  
 
Losses and loss expenses ratio excluding catastrophes
    78.3       (8.3 )     85.4       10.3       77.4       9.8  
                                         
    2002   2001   2000   1999        
   
 
 
 
       
Accident year losses and loss expenses incurred:                        
Personal auto
  $ 283     $ 261     $ 261     $ 241  
Homeowner
    209       204       177       128  
Accident year losses and loss expenses incurred ratio:
                               
Personal auto
    72.6 %