10-K 1 d10k.htm ANNUAL REPORT FOR PERIOD ENDING 12/31/2004 Annual Report for period ending 12/31/2004
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The Bank of New York 2004 Annual Report on Form 10-K of The Bank of New York Company, Inc.


Table of Contents

THE BANK OF NEW YORK COMPANY, INC.

FINANCIAL REVIEW

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page

Selected Financial Data

   1

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of the Company’s Financial Condition and Results of Operations

    

–   Introduction

   2

–   Overview

   2

–   Financial Highlights

   3

–   Other 2004 Developments

   6

–   Consolidated Income Statement Review

   7

–   Business Segments Review

   12

–   Critical Accounting Policies

   25

–   Consolidated Balance Sheet Review

   28

–   Liquidity

   42

–   Commitments and Obligations

   45

–   Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

   45

–   Capital Resources

   46

–   Risk Management

   49

–   Statistical Information

   56

–   Unaudited Quarterly Data

   59

–   Long Term Financial Goals and Factors That May Affect Them

   60

–   Glossary

   62

Consolidated Financial Statements

    

–   Consolidated Balance Sheets December 31, 2004 and 2003

   64

–   Consolidated Statements of Income For The Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   65

–   Consolidated Statements of Changes In Shareholders’ Equity
    For The Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   66

–   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
    For the Years Ended December 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002

   67

–   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   68

Form 10-K

    

–   Cover

   100

–   Cross-Reference Index

   101

–   Certain Regulatory Considerations

   102

–   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   106

–   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   106

–   Properties

   106

–   Legal Proceedings

   106

–   Executive Officers

   108

–   Forward Looking Statements and Factors That Could Affect Future Results

   109

–   Website Information

   110

–   Code of Ethics

   111

–   Controls and Procedures

   111

–   Auditor’s Attestation Report

   113

–   Signatures

   114

–   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   116


Table of Contents

SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)


  2004

    2003*

    2002

    2001**

    2000

 

Revenue (tax equivalent basis)

  $ 7,174     $ 6,371     $ 5,805     $ 7,251     $ 7,576  

Net Interest Income

    1,645       1,609       1,665       1,681       1,757  

Noninterest Income

    4,691       4,006       3,143       3,571       3,145  

Provision for Credit Losses

    15       155       685       375       105  

Noninterest Expense

    4,122       3,698       2,751       2,819       2,546  

Net Income

    1,440       1,157       902       1,343       1,429  

Net Income Available to Common Shareholders

    1,440       1,157       902       1,343       1,429  

Return on Average Assets

    1.45 %     1.27 %     1.13 %     1.64 %     1.85 %

Return on Average Common Shareholders’ Equity

    16.37       15.12       13.96       21.58       26.08  

Common Dividend Payout Ratio

    42.22       48.83       60.78       39.21       33.87  

Efficiency Ratio

    65.5       65.8       55.3       54.8       52.5  

Per Common Share

                                       

Basic Earnings

  $ 1.87     $ 1.54     $ 1.25     $ 1.84     $ 1.95  

Diluted Earnings

    1.85       1.52       1.24       1.81       1.92  

Cash Dividends Paid

    0.79       0.76       0.76       0.72       0.66  

Market Value at Year-End

    33.42       33.12       23.96       40.80       55.19  

Averages

                                       

Securities

  $ 25,046     $ 24,455     $ 22,970     $ 18,559     $ 15,764  

Loans

    37,778       35,623       34,305       38,770       39,262  

Total Assets

    99,340       91,467       79,830       81,700       77,241  

Deposits

    61,056       58,615       53,795       56,278       54,755  

Long-Term Debt

    6,128       6,103       5,338       4,609       4,384  

Common Shareholders’ Equity

    8,797       7,654       6,465       6,224       5,479  

At Year-End

                                       

Allowance for Loan Losses as a Percent of Total Loans

    1.65 %     1.89 %     2.09 %     1.16 %     0.82 %

Allowance for Loan Losses
as a Percent of Non-Margin Loans

    1.99       2.26       2.12       1.18       0.83  

Allowance for Credit Losses as a Percent of Total Loans

    2.06       2.28       2.65       1.72       1.70  

Allowance for Credit Losses
as a Percent of Non-Margin Loans

    2.48       2.72       2.68       1.75       1.71  

Tier 1 Capital Ratio

    8.31       7.44       7.58       8.11       8.60  

Total Capital Ratio

    12.21       11.49       11.96       11.57       12.92  

Leverage Ratio

    6.41       5.82       6.48       6.70       7.49  

Common Equity to Assets Ratio

    9.83       9.12       8.60       7.80       7.98  

Total Equity to Assets Ratio

    9.83       9.12       8.60       7.80       7.98  

Common Shares Outstanding (In millions)

    778.121       775.192       725.971       729.500       739.926  

Employees

    23,363       22,901       19,437       19,181       18,861  

Assets Under Custody (In trillions)

                                       

Total Assets Under Custody

  $ 9.7     $ 8.3     $ 6.8     $ 6.9     $ 7.0  

Equity Securities

    35 %     34 %     26 %     36 %     42 %

Fixed Income Securities

    65       66       74       64       58  

Cross-Border Assets Under Custody

  $ 2.7     $ 2.3     $ 1.9     $ 1.9     $ 2.0  

Assets Under Administration (In billions)

    33       32       28       33       36  

Total Assets Under Management (In billions)

    102       89       76       67       66  

Equity Securities

    36 %     34 %     29 %     36 %     44 %

Fixed Income Securities

    21       22       25       19       20  

Alternative Investments

    15       10       8       7       5  

Liquid Assets

    28       34       38       38       31  

* The 2003 results reflect $96 million of merger and integration costs associated with the Pershing acquisition as well as a $78 million expense related to the settlement of a claim by General Motors Acceptance Corporation (“GMAC”) related to the 1999 sale of BNY Financial Corporation (“BNYFC”).

 

** The 2001 results reflect the estimated $242 million impact of the World Trade Center disaster, the related $175 million initial insurance recovery, and the $190 million special provision on the accelerated disposition of emerging telecommunications loans.

 

     All amounts in the above notes are pre-tax.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF THE COMPANY’S FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (“MD&A”)

 

Introduction

 

The Bank of New York Company, Inc.’s (the “Company”) actual results of future operations may differ from those estimated or anticipated in certain forward-looking statements contained herein for reasons which are discussed below and under the heading “Forward Looking Statements and Factors That Could Affect Future Results.” When used in this report, the words “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “anticipate,” “expect,” “intend,” “believe,” “plan,” “goal,” “should,” “may,” “strategy,” “target,” and words of similar meaning are intended to identify forward looking statements in addition to statements specifically identified as forward looking statements.

 

Overview

 

The Company’s Businesses

 

The Bank of New York Company, Inc. (NYSE: BK) is a global leader in providing a comprehensive array of services that enable institutions and individuals to move and manage their financial assets in more than 100 markets worldwide. The Company has a long tradition of collaborating with clients to deliver innovative solutions through its core competencies: securities servicing, treasury management, investment management, and individual & regional banking services. The Company’s extensive global client base includes a broad range of leading financial institutions, corporations, government entities, endowments and foundations. Its principal subsidiary, The Bank of New York, founded in 1784, is the oldest bank in the United States and has consistently played a prominent role in the evolution of financial markets worldwide.

 

The Company has executed a consistent strategy over the past decade by focusing on highly scalable, fee-based securities servicing and fiduciary businesses, with top three market share in most of its major product lines. The Company distinguishes itself competitively by offering the broadest array of products and services around the investment lifecycle. These include: advisory and asset management services to support the investment decision; extensive trade execution, clearance and settlement capabilities; custody, securities lending, accounting and administrative services for investment portfolios; and sophisticated risk and performance measurement tools for analyzing portfolios. The Company also provides services for issuers of both equity and debt securities. By providing integrated solutions for clients’ needs, the Company strives to be the preferred partner in helping its clients succeed in the world’s rapidly evolving financial markets.

 

The Company has grown both through internal reinvestment as well as execution of strategic acquisitions to expand product offerings and increase market share in its scale businesses. Internal reinvestment occurs through increased technology spending, staffing levels, marketing/branding initiatives, quality programs, and product development. The Company consistently invests in technology to improve the breadth and quality of its product offerings, and to increase economies of scale. With respect to acquisitions, the Company has acquired 92 businesses since 1995, almost exclusively in its securities servicing and fiduciary segment. The acquisition of Pershing in 2003 for $2 billion was the largest of these acquisitions.

 

As part of the transformation to a leading securities servicing provider, the Company has also de-emphasized or exited its slower growth traditional banking businesses over the past decade. The Company’s more significant actions include selling its credit card business in 1997 and its factoring business in 1999, and most recently, significantly reducing non-financial corporate credit exposures by 47% from December 31, 2000 to December 31, 2004. Capital generated by these actions has been reallocated to the Company’s higher growth businesses.

 

The Company’s business model is well positioned to benefit from a number of long-term secular trends. These include the growth of worldwide financial assets, globalization of investment activity, structural market

 

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changes, and increased outsourcing. These trends benefit the Company by driving higher levels of financial asset trading volume and other transactional activity, as well as higher asset price levels and growth in client assets, all factors by which the Company prices its services. In addition, international markets offer excellent growth opportunities.

 

Current Business Trends

 

In 2004 the market environment was uneven. In the equity markets, a strong first quarter was followed by two lackluster quarters, with the environment improving in the fourth quarter following the U.S. presidential election. Accordingly, the Company’s execution and clearing businesses performed below expectations for the year. Given the Company’s diversified product mix, however, securities servicing revenues overall still showed good growth, as fixed income markets remained strong and cross-border activity increased, positively impacting businesses like investor services, broker-dealer services and ADRs.

 

The Company continues to experience a lack of pricing power in several of its key business lines, given pressure on asset manager clients to lower costs and strong competition among service providers. In response, the Company has undertaken aggressive measures to lower its cost base, such as the development of greater straight-through-processing of transactions, labor reengineering, and moving jobs to lower cost locations.

 

The Company’s business model responded favorably in 2004 to the rising rate environment. The Company’s business lines generate a significant level of low cost deposits. As rates rose in 2004, the Company benefited as it was able to begin reinvesting these balances in higher yielding assets. The Company also benefited from a modest expansion in the size of its balance sheet. The Company expects to continue to benefit from a rise in rates, based on its balance sheet positioning.

 

For 2005, the Company based its budget planning process on expectations of gradual improvement in the equity market. Asset price levels are projected to increase in line with long term expectations while the growth rate for trading volumes is expected to be below the average rate for a full business cycle. The Company projects fixed income activity to be stable to slightly lower, given the expectation of a continued rise in interest rates.

 

This environmental back drop should allow the Company’s operating business lines to perform reasonably well. Several corporate level items will have a negative impact on overall results, however. These include: 1) higher pension expense given relatively poor investment returns over the past four years and further changes in prospective assumptions; 2) higher stock option expense, as the Company will complete its phase-in of option expensing; 3) higher technology infrastructure costs, as the Company will begin incurring costs on an out-of-region data center, as required by Federal regulators, prior to decommissioning existing in-region data centers; 4) an anticipated reduction in securities gains, and 5) potentially higher credit loss provisioning given the unusually low credit costs in 2004.

 

Financial Highlights

 

2004

 

Securities servicing fees and private client services and asset management fees grew strongly in 2004 in spite of an uneven operating environment. A full year of results from the Pershing acquisition, new business wins and revenues from new products drove the growth. The Company continued to improve its credit risk portfolio, and it funded further long-term investment spending for technology, business continuity, quality, and branding programs.

 

In 2004, the Company reported net income of $1,440 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.85 compared with net income of $1,157 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.52 in 2003, and net income of $902 million and diluted earnings per share of $1.24 in 2002. In 2004, the Company recorded several gains and

 

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charges that in aggregate reduced reported earnings by 3 cents per share. These items are detailed in the “Other 2004 Developments”. Merger and integration costs associated with the Pershing acquisition of 8 cents per share and the settlement with General Motors Acceptance Corporation (“GMAC”) of 7 cents per share impacted earnings in 2003.

 

In 2004, the growth in earnings was paced by securities servicing growth of 19% (9% adjusted for full year impact of Pershing) to $2,858 million, core net interest income growth of 6%, strong credit performance, and higher than expected securities gains. Performance was strong across nearly all the Company’s securities servicing businesses. Both investor and issuer services increased by 11%. The growth in investor services was driven largely by new business wins and improvements year-over-year in asset values and volumes. Issuer services benefited from increased cross-border activity in depositary receipts and improving market share in global products within corporate trust. Broker-dealer services were up 19% primarily due to strong growth in collateral management.

 

The Company’s asset management business continues to perform well, responding to growing institutional investor interest in alternative investments. Private client services and asset management fees increased $64 million, or 17%, primarily due to exceptional growth at the Company’s fund of funds manager, Ivy Asset Management (“Ivy”). In addition, foreign exchange results continued to benefit from currency volatility and increased cross-border investing. Foreign exchange and other trading revenues remained at historically high levels, up 11% versus a year ago. The provision for credit losses declined to $15 million from $155 million in 2003.

 

This strength in revenue was partially offset by upward pressure on the Company’s expense base. Higher employee stock option and pension expenses, business continuity spending, costs associated with legal and regulatory matters, and costs associated with converting new business opportunities in investor services all contributed to higher expense levels.

 

At December 31, 2004, assets under custody rose to a record $9.7 trillion from $8.3 trillion at December 31, 2003. Cross-border custody assets were $2.7 trillion at December 31, 2004, compared with $2.3 trillion at December 31, 2003. Equity securities composed 35% of the assets under custody at December 31, 2004, while fixed income securities were 65%.

 

In 2004, the Company continued to invest in enhancing its service offerings, critical to sustaining top line growth through all types of markets, while maintaining its commitment to expense discipline to ensure a competitive cost base. Service offerings enhancements were the result of both internal development and acquisitions. In investor services, the Company rolled out major enhancements to BNY INFORM, the primary day-to-day electronic interface between clients and the Company. In execution and clearing, the Company acquired a leading electronic trading platform from Sonic Financial which offers clients access to sophisticated trading tools and smart routing capabilities. At Pershing, the Company introduced enhancements to Net Exchange, its platform for introducing broker-dealers, enabling them to more effectively manage and sell to their clients. In broker-dealer services, the Company continued to roll out its collateral management products. The results of these investments were demonstrated by consistent new business wins, which were key drivers for growth in revenues and assets under custody in 2004.

 

New business momentum remains strong as the Company is gaining traction with growth initiatives such as hedge fund servicing, Pershing’s registered investment advisor (“RIA”) offering and independent research. The outlook for Ivy continues to be very positive, given increased allocations by institutions to alternative investments, including hedge funds, as an asset class.

 

2003

 

In 2003, securities servicing fees were $2,412 million, a 27% increase compared with $1,896 million in 2002, reflecting the Pershing acquisition and growth in investor and broker-dealer services. Global payment

 

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services fees increased 6% for the full year, which is attributable to improved multi-currency funds transfer product capabilities and new business wins. For the year 2003, private client services and asset management fees were up 12% from the previous year, reflecting higher equity price levels as well as strong growth at Ivy. In addition, the year-over-year comparison also benefited from the full year impact of several 2002 acquisitions. Foreign exchange and other trading revenues were up 40% over 2002, resulting from increased client-driven foreign exchange, interest rate hedging activity, and the Pershing acquisition. Year-end assets under custody were $8.3 trillion, including $2.3 trillion of cross-border custody assets. Gains and losses on securities investments were a gain of $35 million in 2003, compared with a loss of $118 million in 2002 primarily reflecting a $210 million equity write-down in 2002. The provision for credit losses was $155 million down from $685 million in 2002, when the Company provided for problem exposures in the airline and telecom industries. Although expenses increased significantly due to the Pershing acquisition, stock option expensing, a lower pension credit, technology investment, and business continuity, the Company was able to attain positive leverage in the second half of the year.

 

2002

 

In 2002, securities servicing fees were $1,896 million, compared with $1,775 million in 2001. Global payment services fees were $296 million for the full year, reflecting higher funds transfer volumes and increased multi-currency activity from existing clients, as well as the addition of new clients, which offset continued weakness in global trade services. For the year 2002, private client services and asset management fees were $344 million reflecting several acquisitions and core growth in alternative investments and retail investment products. Ivy’s assets under management increased 30% on a year-over-year basis. Foreign exchange and other trading revenues were $234 million in 2002 reflecting a significant decrease in volatility in the currency markets and reduced client activity in the second half of 2002. Other trading was negatively impacted by a fall off in client interest rate hedging activities. Year-end assets under custody were $6.8 trillion, including $1.9 trillion of cross-border custody assets. Gains and losses on securities were a loss of $118 million in 2002, primarily reflecting impairment of equity securities.

 

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Other 2004 Developments

 

In 2004, the Company recorded several gains and charges that in the aggregate reduced reported earnings by 3 cents per share. Management believes that it is useful to provide a detailed analysis of these items in tabular form in order to better assess the trends in the income statement line items identified. These items are described in the following table:

 

(In millions)

Item


  

Applicable
Quarter


  

Income Statement
Caption


   Pre-Tax
Income


    Tax

    After-Tax
Income


 

Net Interest Income


                                  

SFAS 13 cumulative
lease adjustment – (leasing portfolio)

  

First

  

Net Interest Income

   $ (145 )   $ 113     $ (32 )

lease adjustment –
(cross-border rail equipment leases)

  

Fourth

  

Net Interest Income

     89       (37 )     52  

lease adjustment – (aircraft leases)

   Fourth    Net Interest Income      (10 )     4       (6 )
              


 


 


Subtotal – Net Interest Income

               (66 )     80       14  

Aircraft leases/other

   Fourth    Provision for Credit Losses      7       (3 )     4  
              


 


 


Subtotal – Net Interest Income
After Provision for Credit Losses

               (59 )     77       18  
              


 


 


Noninterest Income


                                  

Gain on sale of Wing Hang

   First    Other Income      48       (21 )     27  

Gain on sponsor fund investments

   First    Securities Gains      19       (7 )     12  

Aircraft leases

   Fourth    Other Income      3       (1 )     2  
              


 


 


Subtotal – Noninterest Income

               70       (29 )     41  
              


 


 


Noninterest Expense


                                  

Severance tied to relocations

   First    Salaries and Employee Benefits      (10 )     4       (6 )

Lease terminations

   First    Net Occupancy      (8 )     3       (5 )

Charge for the RW Matter

   Fourth    Other Expense      (30 )     8       (22 )
              


 


 


Subtotal – Noninterest Expense

               (48 )     15       (33 )
              


 


 


Federal tax reserve adjustment
related to LILO exposure

   Fourth    Income Tax      —         (50 )     (50 )
              


 


 


Total

             $ (37 )   $ 13     $ (24 )
              


 


 


 

The first item relates to an after-tax charge of $32 million resulting from a cumulative adjustment to the leasing portfolio, which was triggered under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13 “Accounting for Leases” (“SFAS 13”) by the combination of a reduction in state and local taxes and a restructuring of the lease portfolio completed in the first quarter. The SFAS 13 adjustment impacts the timing of lease income reported by the Company, and resulted in a reduction in net interest income of $145 million, offset by tax benefits of $113 million.

 

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The Company also recorded an after-tax gain of $52 million resulting from a SFAS 13 cumulative adjustment to the leasing portfolio for customers exercising their early buy-out (“EBO”) options. The Company’s leasing portfolio contains a number of large cross-border leveraged leases where the lessee has an early buy-out option to purchase the leased assets, generally railcars and related assets. Given a confluence of economic factors, the value of the leased equipment currently exceeds the exercise price of the early buy-out option. The Company offered financial incentives to these lessees to accelerate the exercise of their early buy-out options. As a result, several lessees agreed to this proposal, triggering the after-tax $52 million gain. The gain results from the recognition of lease income over a shorter time frame, since the term of the lease has been shortened to the early buy-out date.

 

In addition, the Company’s net investment in aircraft leases was impacted by a $6 million after-tax adjustment related to aircraft leased to two airlines. The Company recorded a $7 million reduction in the provision for credit losses which largely reflects release of reserves on the aircraft leases. The Company also had an after-tax gain of $2 million on the sale of a leased aircraft.

 

The Company recorded several other gains in noninterest income. These include a $27 million after-tax gain on the sale of a portion of the Company’s interest in Wing Hang Bank Limited (“Wing Hang”), a Hong Kong based bank, which was recorded in other income, and $19 million ($12 million after-tax) of higher than anticipated securities gains in the first quarter resulting from realized gains on sponsor fund investments in Kinkos, Inc., Bristol West Holdings, Inc., Willis Group Holdings, Ltd., and True Temper Sports, Inc.

 

The Company also took several actions associated with its long-term cost reduction initiatives. These actions included an after-tax severance charge of $6 million related to staff reductions tied to job relocations and a $5 million after-tax charge for terminating high cost leases associated with the staff redeployments.

 

Although there can be no assurance that a settlement will be reached, in 2004, the Company recorded an after-tax expense of $22 million in connection with the anticipated settlement of the RW Professional Leasing Services Corp. matter (“RW Matter”). This expense is only partially tax deductible.

 

In December of 2004 and January 2005, the Company had several appellate conferences with the IRS related to the Company’s cross-border leveraged lease transactions. Based on these conferences, the Company believes it may be possible to settle the proposed IRS tax adjustments related to the portfolio. However, negotiations are continuing and the matter may still be litigated. Based on a revision to the probabilities and costs assigned to litigation and settlement outcomes, the Company recorded a $50 million expense associated with increasing the tax reserve on these transactions.

 

Consolidated Income Statement Review

 

Noninterest Income

 

(In millions)


   2004

   2003

   2002

 

Noninterest Income

                      

Servicing Fees

                      

Securities

   $ 2,858    $ 2,412    $ 1,896  

Global Payment Services

     317      314      296  
    

  

  


       3,175      2,726      2,192  

Private Client Services and Asset Management Fees

     448      384      344  

Service Charges and Fees

     385      375      357  

Foreign Exchange and Other Trading Activities

     364      327      234  

Securities Gains/(Losses)

     78      35      (118 )

Other

     241      159      134  
    

  

  


Total Noninterest Income

   $ 4,691    $ 4,006    $ 3,143  
    

  

  


 

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Noninterest income is provided by a wide range of securities servicing, global payment services, private client services and asset management, trading activities and other fee-based services. Revenues from these activities were $4,691 million in 2004, compared with $4,006 million in 2003 and $3,143 million in 2002. As a percentage of revenues, total noninterest income was 74% in 2004, compared with 71% in 2003 and 65% in 2002. The increase in 2004 primarily reflects strong performance across nearly all the Company’s securities servicing businesses and the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition, as well as higher foreign exchange and other trading revenue, private client services and asset management fees, and securities gains. The 2004 increase also includes the $48 million pre-tax gain on the sale of a portion of the Company’s investment in Wing Hang Bank Limited and the $19 million gain on four sponsor fund investments recorded in 2004.

 

Securities servicing fees were $2,858 million, $2,412 million, and $1,896 million, in 2004, 2003, and 2002. The 19% increase in securities servicing fees from 2003 primarily reflects the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition and good organic growth in investor and issuer services which were each up 11%. In 2003, the 27% increase in securities servicing fees from 2002 reflects the Pershing acquisition and improved performance in the Company’s other securities servicing business, particularly investor services and broker-dealer services.

 

Global payment services fees, principally funds transfer, cash management, and trade services, were $317 million in 2004, $314 million in 2003, and $296 million in 2002. Global payment services fees were impacted by customers’ decision to leave higher compensatory balances to cover the cost of services rather than pay fees as a result of the rising rate environment. The 2003 increase in global payment services fees from 2002 is attributable to improved multi-currency funds transfer product capabilities and new business wins.

 

Private client services and asset management fees were $448 million in 2004, $384 million in 2003, and $344 million in 2002. The 17% increase from 2003 reflects strong growth in Ivy, higher fees from fixed income asset management, and higher equity price levels. Ivy, a fund of funds hedge fund manager, continues to attract new assets at a rapid pace. Ivy ended 2004 with $14.8 billion of assets under management, up 63% for the year. The 12% increase in fees in 2003 from 2002 reflects higher equity price levels, strong growth at Ivy, and the full year impact of several 2002 acquisitions.

 

Service charges and fees were $385 million in 2004, compared with $375 million in 2003 and $357 million in 2002. The increase in 2004 from 2003 reflects higher syndication and advisory fees. The increase in 2003 from 2002 was driven by higher loan syndication fees and bond underwriting fees reflecting active fixed income markets.

 

Foreign exchange and other trading revenues were a record $364 million in 2004, $327 million in 2003, and $234 million in 2002. The 11% increase in 2004 from the prior year resulted from new business wins and an increased level of client activity, tied to cross-border investing and hedging against currency volatility. Pershing contributed $51 million to foreign exchange and other trading revenue in 2004 up from $35 million in 2003. Fixed income trading declined as rates increased in 2004. The 40% increase in 2003 from 2002 resulted from increased client-driven foreign exchange, interest rate hedging activity, and the Pershing acquisition. Excluding Pershing, foreign exchange and other trading revenues were up 25% in 2003 reflecting more volatile currency markets and more active cross-border investors. Interest rate hedging was driven by record levels of fixed income issuance as well as higher mortgage originations.

 

Securities gains were $78 million in 2004, compared with a $35 million gain in 2003 and a $118 million loss in 2002. The securities gains in 2004 were primarily attributable to the Company’s private equity portfolio including $19 million of realized gains on four sponsor investments. Half of the 2003 gains arose from repositioning actions in the Company’s fixed income securities portfolio. In 2002, the loss included a $210 million equity writedown that precipitated the liquidation of the Company’s bank stock portfolio.

 

Other noninterest income was $241 million in 2004, $159 million in 2003, and $134 million in 2002. In 2004, other income included a pre-tax gain of $48 million from the sale of a portion of the Company’s investment

 

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in Wing Hang Bank Limited. In 2002, other income includes a $32 million Empire State Development Corporation (“ESDC”) grant. The ESDC grant covered relocation and other costs associated with the Company’s decision to return to downtown Manhattan and to move 1,500 employees to a new facility in Brooklyn.

 

Net Interest Income

 

(Dollars in millions)


   2004

    2003

    2002

 
   Reported

    Core*

    Reported

    Reported

 

Net Interest Income

   $ 1,645     $ 1,711     $ 1,609     $ 1,665  

Tax Equivalent Adjustment

     30       30       35       49  
    


 


 


 


Net Interest Income on a Tax Equivalent Basis

   $ 1,675     $ 1,741     $ 1,644     $ 1,714  
    


 


 


 


Net Interest Rate Spread

     1.78 %     1.86 %     1.97 %     2.31 %

Net Yield on Interest Earning Assets

     2.07       2.15       2.22       2.62  

* Excludes SFAS 13 adjustments

 

For 2004, net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis amounted to $1,675 million compared with $1,644 million in 2003. Net interest income in 2004 was affected by three cumulative adjustments to the leasing portfolio, which were triggered under SFAS 13. The first was a $145 million pre-tax charge attributable to a combination of a reduction in state and local tax rates and a restructuring of the lease portfolio. The second was an $89 million pre-tax benefit resulting from customers committing to exercise their early EBO options. The third was a $10 million pre-tax adjustment related to aircraft leased to two airlines.

 

Excluding the impact of the SFAS 13 leasing adjustments on the leveraged lease portfolio, net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis was $1,741 million in 2004, up 6% from $1,644 million in 2003. This increase was attributable to the full year impact of Pershing and the benefit of rising interest rates. Rising rates reduced compression on deposit product spreads, increased the value of free funds and caused the Company’s global payment services customers to leave additional compensatory balances rather than pay for services with fees. Average earning assets were $81.1 billion compared with $74.1 billion in 2003. Average loans were $37.8 billion in 2004 compared with $35.6 billion in 2003. Average securities were $25.0 billion in 2004, up from $24.5 billion in 2003. The increase in average earning assets and average loans primarily reflects the Pershing acquisition. The net interest rate spread was 1.78% in 2004 compared with 1.97% in 2003, while the net yield on interest-earning assets was 2.07% in 2004 and 2.22% in 2003. Excluding the leasing adjustments of $66 million in 2004, the net interest rate spread was 1.86% and the net yield was 2.15%. The Company estimates that if Pershing had been owned for the full year of 2003, the spread and yield in 2003 would have been reduced to 1.89% and 2.13%.

 

In 2003, net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis amounted to $1,644 million compared with $1,714 million in 2002. The decrease reflected planned reduction in corporate loan balances, particularly focused on higher yielding loans, lower reinvestment yields on the investment securities portfolio, and the impact of Federal Reserve interest rate reductions. Partially offsetting these factors were the positive impact of the Pershing acquisition and increases in investment securities. Average earning assets were $74.1 billion compared with $65.3 billion in 2002 primarily due to the Pershing acquisition. Average loans were $35.6 billion in 2003 compared with $34.3 billion in 2002. Average securities were $24.5 billion in 2003, up from $23.0 billion in 2002. The Company added approximately $5.6 billion of highly-rated mortgage-backed securities to its portfolio in 2003. The net interest rate spread was 1.97% in 2003 compared with 2.31% in 2002, while the net yield on interest-earning assets was 2.22% in 2003 and 2.62% in 2002.

 

In 2002, net interest income on a taxable equivalent basis amounted to $1,714 million. Average earning assets were $65.3 billion down from prior year level of $67.7 billion. Average loans were $34.3 billion in 2002 compared with $38.8 billion in 2001. Average securities were $23.0 billion in 2002, up from $18.6 billion in 2001. The Company added approximately $6.2 billion of highly-rated mortgage-backed securities to its portfolio

 

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in 2002. The net interest rate spread was 2.31%, compared with 1.89% in 2001 while the net yield on interest earning assets was 2.62% versus 2.57% in 2001. The increase in the spread is attributable to increased holdings of investment securities. The increase in the yield is attributable to increased holdings of investment securities partially offset by the decreased value of demand deposits in a lower interest rate environment.

 

In this report a number of amounts related to net interest income are presented on a “taxable equivalent basis.” The Company believes that this presentation provides comparability of net interest income arising from both taxable and tax-exempt sources and is consistent with industry practice.

 

Provision for Credit Losses

 

The provision for credit losses was $15 million in 2004, compared with $155 million in 2003 and $685 million in 2002. The 2004 provision includes a credit of $7 million for the reduction in exposure associated with the restructuring of aircraft leases. The lower provision in 2004 reflects the Company’s improved asset quality and a stronger credit environment. The provision is expected to increase in 2005 as the Company believes that from a credit perspective the favorable trend in the economy is unlikely to continue. Improved asset quality and reduced corporate credit exposure contributed to the lower provision in 2003. The larger provision in 2002 was attributable to the deterioration in the loan portfolio particularly in aircraft leasing and in a limited number of borrowers in the telecommunications portfolio.

 

Noninterest Expense

 

(In millions)


   2004

   2003

   2002

Salaries and Employee Benefits

   $ 2,324    $ 2,002    $ 1,581

Net Occupancy

     305      261      230

Furniture and Equipment

     204      185      138

Clearing

     176      154      124

Sub-custodian Expenses

     87      74      70

Software

     193      170      115

Communications

     93      92      65

Amortization of Goodwill and Intangibles

     34      25      8

Merger and Acquisition Costs

     —        96      —  

Other

     706      639      420
    

  

  

Total Noninterest Expense

   $ 4,122    $ 3,698    $ 2,751
    

  

  

 

Total noninterest expense was $4,122 million in 2004, $3,698 million in 2003, and $2,751 million in 2002. The 2004 increase in expenses primarily reflects the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition, higher stock option expense, a lower pension credit, the upfront expenses associated with the implementation of cost reduction initiatives, higher volume related sub-custodian and clearing expenses and higher technology and business continuity spending. Noninterest expense in 2004 included lease termination and severance costs of $18 million recognized in the first quarter and expenses associated with the RW Matter of $30 million recognized in the fourth quarter. In 2003, noninterest expenses included merger and acquisition costs relating to Pershing of $96 million and the settlement with GMAC of $78 million.

 

Salaries and employee benefits were $2,324 million in 2004, compared with $2,002 million in 2003 and $1,581 million in 2002. The increase in salary and employee benefits primarily reflects higher performance related incentives and benefits, higher stock option and defined contribution plan expense, a lower pension credit as well as higher variable expenses associated with revenue growth. The increase in 2003 reflects the Pershing acquisition as well as stock option expensing and a lower pension credit. The number of employees at December 31, 2004 was 23,363, up from 22,901 and 19,437 in 2003 and 2002. In 2003, the Pershing acquisition added approximately 3,700 employees. Severance expense was $16 million in 2004, $10 million in 2003 and $19 million in 2002.

 

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Net occupancy and furniture and fixture expenses were $509 million in 2004, compared with $446 million in 2003 and $368 million in 2002. Net occupancy increased by $44 million primarily reflecting the Pershing acquisition, lease terminations, and the expansion of regional facilities, including the opening of the new Brooklyn facility and the new back-up data center. In 2002, the Company recorded $22 million in one-time occupancy expenses to reflect the estimated lease termination cost of a rented facility in Manhattan. In 2002, higher business continuity-related expenses resulted in increased occupancy and depreciation expense.

 

Clearing expenses were $176 million in 2004, compared with $154 million in 2003 and $124 million in 2002. The increase in 2004 reflects a higher level of business activity and the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition in the Company’s execution and clearing business. Sub-custodian expenses increased 18% in 2004 to $87 million, reflecting higher international volumes and the Company’s continued expansion of its global sub-custodian network to over 100 markets.

 

Software expenses increased by $23 million to $193 million in 2004, reflecting the Company’s continued investment in technology capabilities supporting its servicing activities.

 

Amortization of goodwill and intangibles increased to $34 million in 2004 from $25 million in 2003. In 2004 and 2003, the Pershing acquisition added $20 million and $12 million in intangibles amortization, respectively.

 

Other expenses in 2004 were $706 million compared with $639 million in 2003 and $420 million in 2002. The increase mainly reflects $30 million of expenses associated with the RW Matter and higher costs for legal, consulting, and employment agencies tied to hiring as well as an increase in travel expenses.

 

Technology expenditures were $888 million or 22% of total expense in 2004, compared with $844 million in 2003 and $644 million in 2002. Software development has been an increasing component of technology expense in 2004 and 2003. The Company has invested in client-facing portals and in developing applications to increase the efficiency of the Company’s businesses. As businesses have grown the cost of voice, data and messaging services have increased. The Pershing acquisition on May 1, 2003 had a significant impact on technology expense in both 2004 and 2003. Upgrades to business continuity plans have also been costly. Offsetting these cost pressures have been declining unit cost for hardware, third-party software and telecommunications.

 

In 2003, the Company and GMAC settled claims relating to the Company’s 1999 sale to GMAC of BNY Financial Corporation, the Company’s factoring and asset-based finance business. The settlement resolved all claims between the parties with a payment of $110 million by the Company to GMAC. After accounting for a previously established reserve for this matter, the net impact of the settlement was approximately $78 million, or 7 cents per fully diluted share. The Company sold BNY Financial Corporation to GMAC for $1.8 billion in cash in 1999.

 

The Company has a number of programs to control expense growth. These programs include day-to-day profitability programs, reengineering processes, and moving jobs to lower cost environs. Day-to-day profitability programs focus on stringent control of headcount and discretionary expenses, as well as enhanced vendor management.

 

Reengineering focuses on business process reviews throughout the Company. In 2004, the Company reviewed 15 areas and developed action steps to lower expenses by $90 million, with a $40 million impact in 2004 and a $50 million incremental impact projected for 2005. These savings lower the Company’s growth rate of expenses by approximately 1% each year.

 

In January 2004, the Company began a three-year effort to move 1,500 jobs to lower cost areas. In 2004, the Company moved 419 positions primarily to upstate New York and Florida. Employees in these two locations

 

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grew to 1,771 in 2004 from 1,431 at year-end 2003. Internationally, the Company moved positions from London to Liverpool. Employment in India grew to 996 in 2004 from 716 at year-end 2003, further leveraging Pershing’s technology operation in that country. In 2005, the Company plans to move 550 positions, primarily in Europe. The Company plans to open a growth center in Manchester, England in late 2005.

 

The Company adopted fair value accounting for stock compensation on January 1, 2003 using the prospective method. The Company’s grants of stock options typically vest over two to four years. The impact on pre-tax income was $39 million, resulting in an approximately 3.5 cents earnings per share reduction in 2004. The impact of expensing options in 2005 is expected to be an additional 1 cent per share.

 

Income Taxes

 

The Company’s consolidated effective tax rates for 2004, 2003, and 2002 were 34.5%, 34.3%, and 34.3%. The increase in the effective tax rate in 2004 is primarily due to the net of the increase in the tax reserve related to LILO exposures and the SFAS 13 leasing adjustments. The effective tax rate in 2003 also reflects the tax benefit on the GMAC settlement and lower state and local taxes.

 

The Company invests in synthetic fuel (Section 29) and low income housing (Section 42) investments generating tax credits, which have the effect of permanently reducing the Company’s tax expense. The Company also invests in leveraged leases which through accelerated depreciation postpone the payment of taxes to future years. For financial statement purposes, deferred taxes are recorded as a liability for future payment.

 

Business Segments Review

 

Segment Data

 

The Company has an internal information system that produces performance data for its four business segments along product and service lines.

 

Business Segments Accounting Principles

 

The Company’s segment data has been determined on an internal management basis of accounting, rather than the generally accepted accounting principles used for consolidated financial reporting. These measurement principles are designed so that reported results of the segments will track their economic performance. Segment results are subject to restatement whenever improvements are made in the measurement principles or organizational changes are made. In 2004, the Company made several methodology changes. These include a modification to the method for allocating its pension expense to the segments; changes to the method used to allocate earnings on capital, which caused a slight reallocation from reconciling items to the individual segments; and greater allocations of corporate expenses previously included in reconciling items to the individual segments. See “Reconciling Items.” Prior periods have been restated.

 

The measure of revenues and profit or loss by an operating segment has been adjusted to present segment data on a taxable equivalent basis. The provision for credit losses allocated to each reportable segment is based on management’s judgment as to average credit losses that will be incurred in the operations of the segment over a credit cycle of a period of years. Management’s judgment includes the following factors among others: historical charge-off experience and the volume, composition, and size of the credit portfolio. This method is different from that required under generally accepted accounting principles as it anticipates future losses which are not yet probable and therefore not recognizable under generally accepted accounting principles. Balance sheet assets and liabilities and their related income or expense are specifically assigned to each segment. Funds transfer-pricing methods are used to allocate a cost of funds used or credit for funds provided to all segment assets or liabilities using a matched funding concept. Support and other indirect expenses are allocated to segments based on general internal guidelines.

 

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Description of Business Segments

 

The results of individual business segments exclude the other 2004 developments items discussed above such as the SFAS 13 lease adjustments and the RW Matter, and in 2003 the GMAC settlement and the Pershing related merger and integration costs, which are included with reconciling amounts.

 

The Company reports data for the four business segments: Servicing and Fiduciary; Corporate Banking; Retail Banking; and Financial Markets.

 

The Servicing and Fiduciary businesses segment comprises the Company’s core services, including securities servicing, global payment services, and private client services and asset management. These businesses all share certain favorable attributes: they are well diversified and fee-based; the Company serves the role of an intermediary rather than principal, thereby limiting risk and generating more stable earnings streams; and the businesses are scalable, which result in higher margins as revenues grow. Long-term trends that favor these businesses include the growth of financial assets worldwide, the globalization of investment activity, heightened demand for financial servicing outsourcing, and continuing structural changes in financial markets.

 

Securities servicing provides financial institutions, corporations and financial intermediaries with a broad array of products and customized services for every step of the investment lifecycle. The Company facilitates the movement, settlement, recordkeeping and accounting of financial assets around the world by delivering timely and accurate information to issuers, investors and broker-dealers. The Company groups its securities servicing businesses into four categories, each comprised of separate, but related businesses. Issuer services includes corporate trust, depositary receipts and stock transfer. Investor services includes global fund services, global custody, securities lending, global liquidity services and outsourcing. Broker-dealer services includes government securities clearance and collateral management. Execution and clearing services includes in the execution area institutional agency brokerage, electronic trading, transition management services, and independent research. Through Pershing, the clearing part of the business provides clearing, execution, financing, and custody for introducing brokers-dealers. The Servicing and Fiduciary segment also includes customer-related foreign exchange.

 

In issuer services, the Company’s ADR business has over 1,180 programs representing 60 countries. As a trustee, the Company provides diverse services for corporate, municipal, mortgage-backed, asset-backed, derivative and international debt securities. Over 90,000 appointments for more than 30,000 worldwide clients have resulted in the Company being trustee for more than $2.75 trillion in outstanding debt securities. The Company is the third largest stock transfer agent representing over 1,950 publicly traded companies with over 19 million shareholder accounts.

 

In investor services, the Company is the world’s largest custodian with $9.7 trillion of assets at December 31, 2004. The Company is the second largest mutual fund custodian with $1.3 trillion in total assets. The Company is the largest U.K. custodian. The Company services over 20% of total exchange traded fund industry assets. The Company acts as trustee/depositary to more than 350 client trusts and open ended investment companies in the UK and over 700 across Europe. In securities lending, the Company is the largest lender of U.S. Treasury securities and depositary receipts.

 

The Company’s broker-dealer services business clears approximately 50% of U.S. Government securities. With over $925 billion in tri-party balances worldwide, the Company is the world’s largest collateral management agent.

 

The Company’s execution and clearing services business is the largest global institutional agency brokerage organization. In addition, it is the world’s largest institutional elective broker for global execution. The Company provides execution, clearing and financial services outsourcing solutions in over 80 global markets, executing trades for 580 million shares, and clearing 600,000 trades daily. The Company utilizes 21 seats on the New York Stock Exchange. Pershing services over 1,100 introducing broker firms and registered investment advisors who collectively represent nearly 6 million individual investors.

 

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Global payment services facilitates the flow of funds between the Company’s customers and their clients through such business lines as funds transfer, cash management and trade services. Private client services and asset management includes traditional banking and trust services to affluent clients and investment management services for institutional and high net worth clients.

 

The Company’s strategy is to be a market leader in these businesses and continue to build out its product and service capabilities and add new clients. The Company has completed 92 acquisitions since 1995 primarily in this segment, has made significant investments in technology to maintain its industry-leading position, and has continued the development of new products and services to meet its clients’ needs.

 

The Corporate Banking segment provides lending and credit-related services to large public and private financial institutions and corporations nationwide, as well as to public and private mid-size businesses in the New York metropolitan area. Special industry groups focus on industry segments such as banks, broker-dealers, insurance, media and telecommunications, energy, real estate, retailing, and government banking institutions. Through BNY Capital Markets, Inc., the Company provides syndicated loans, bond underwriting, private placements of corporate debt and equity securities, and merger, acquisition, and advisory services.

 

Corporate Banking coordinates delivery of all of the Company’s services to customers through its global relationship managers. The two main client bases served are financial institution clients and corporate clients. The Company’s strategy is to focus on those clients and industries that are major users of securities servicing and global payment services.

 

The Company believes that credit is an important product for many of its customers to execute their business strategies. However, the Company has continued to reduce its credit exposures in recent years by culling its loan portfolio of non-strategic exposures, focusing on increasing total relationship returns through cross-selling and limiting the size of its individual credit exposures and industry concentrations to reduce earnings volatility.

 

The Retail Banking segment includes branch banking and consumer and residential mortgage lending. The Company’s retail franchise includes 600,000 customer relationships and 100,000 business relationships. The Company operates 341 branches in 23 counties in the Tri-State region. The Company has 242 branches in New York, 91 in New Jersey and 8 in Connecticut. The New York branches are primarily suburban based with 118 in upstate New York, 86 on Long Island and 38 in New York City. The retail network is a growing source of low cost funding and provides a platform to cross-sell core services from the Servicing and Fiduciary businesses to both individuals and small businesses in the New York metropolitan area. The branches are a meaningful source of private client referrals. Small business and investment centers are set up in the largest 100 branches.

 

The Financial Markets segment includes non-client related trading of foreign exchange, trading of interest rate risk management products, investing and leasing activities, and treasury services to other business segments. The segment offers a comprehensive array of multi-currency hedging and yield enhancement strategies, and complements the other business segments. The Financial Markets segment centralizes interest rate risk management for the Company.

 

There were no major customers from whom revenues were individually material to the Company’s performance.

 

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Business Review

 

Servicing and Fiduciary Businesses

 

(Dollars in millions)


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

Net Interest Income

   $ 570     $ 472     $ 469  

Provision for Credit Losses

     3       —         —    

Noninterest Income

     3,947       3,383       2,728  

Noninterest Expense

     3,188       2,704       2,011  

Income Before Taxes

     1,326       1,151       1,186  

Average Assets

     22,450       16,920       8,333  

Average Deposits

     35,148       33,304       31,296  

Nonperforming Assets

     1       9       16  

Assets Under Custody (In billions)

                        

Total Assets Under Custody

   $ 9,657     $ 8,297     $ 6,775  

Equity Securities

     35 %     34 %     26 %

Fixed Income Securities

     65       66       74  

Cross-Border Assets Under Custody

   $ 2,704     $ 2,323     $ 1,897  

Assets Under Administration (In billions)

     33       32       28  

Assets Under Management (In billions)

                        

Total Assets Under Management

     102       89       76  

Equity Securities

     36 %     34 %     29 %

Fixed Income Securities

     21       22       25  

Alternative Investments

     15       10       8  

Liquid Assets

     28       34       38  

S&P 500® Index

     1,212       1,112       880  

NASDAQ® Index

     2,175       2,003       1,336  

Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bondsm Index

     220.6       193.4       160.8  

MSCI® EAFE Index

     1,515.5       1,288.8       952.7  

NYSE Volume (In billions)

     367.1       352.4       363.1  

NASDAQ® Volume (In billions)

     453.9       424.6       433.8  

 

The S&P 500® Index was up 9% for the year, with average daily price levels up 17% from 2003. Performance for the NASDAQ® Index was also strong, increasing 9% for the year, with average daily prices up by 21%. Globally, the MSCI® EAFE index was up 18%. Combined NYSE and NASDAQ® non-program trading volumes were down an estimated 1.2% during the year. As the Company’s business model is more volume than price sensitive, this created a drag on the Company’s equity-linked businesses. The Lehman Brothers Aggregate Bondsm index was up 14%. Average fixed-income trading volume was up 9% offsetting some of the weakness in equities.

 

The Company continued to expand its servicing and fiduciary businesses in 2004 principally through internal product development and acquisitions. In execution and clearing, the acquisition of Sonic brought the Company a leading desk top trading platform that enhances the technology and product offering. In investor services, the Company was able to achieve further scale in the UIT business through a consolidation.

 

Results in 2004 showed continued strength in the Company’s primary businesses, including securities servicing and private client services and asset management. In 2004, pre-tax income was $1,326 million, compared with $1,151 million in 2003 and $1,186 million in 2002.

 

Noninterest income was $3,947 million in 2004, compared with $3,383 million in 2003 and $2,728 million in 2002. The financial performance of the Servicing and Fiduciary businesses segment in 2004 reflects increased revenue in the Company’s core businesses, including securities servicing and related foreign exchange, and private client services and asset management. In 2004, securities servicing fees were $2,858 million, an increase

 

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of $446 million, or 19% (9% adjusted for full year impact of Pershing), over 2003, principally due to the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition and good organic growth in the remaining business categories.

 

Securities Servicing Fees

 

(In millions)


   2004

   2003

Execution and Clearing Services

   $ 1,146    $ 885

Investor Services

     921      830

Issuer Services

     582      522

Broker-Dealer Services

     209      175
    

  

Securities Servicing Fees

   $ 2,858    $ 2,412
    

  

 

Execution and clearing services fees were $1,146 million, compared with $885 million in 2003. These businesses benefited from the full year impact of Pershing, increased client activity as well as strong growth in transition management. BNY Brokerage and B-Trade volumes were down, reflecting the overall decline in non-program trading volumes. The Company has received a favorable response to Sonic, the electronic trading portal it acquired in 2004. Since the acquisition, the Company has installed over 50 money managers on the platform that are responsible for $700 billion in assets under management. Pershing’s correspondent clearing business experienced higher retail activity which increased billable trades. The majority of Pershing’s revenues are generated from non-transactional activities, such as asset gathering, administration and other services. Pershing’s assets under administration were $706 billion at year-end 2004, compared with $633 billion at December 31, 2003. At year-end 2004, margin loans increased to $6.1 billion which indicates that retail investor sentiment remains positive. In addition, as a result of new business wins and organic growth, other key metrics like total active accounts, retirement accounts, and client assets were all up in 2004. In 2003, execution and clearing services fees include the impact of the Pershing acquisition. On a core basis in 2003, execution and clearing services declined from 2002 reflecting the decrease in overall equity transaction volumes as well as pricing pressures.

 

Investor services fees were $921 million, up 11% compared with $830 million in 2003. The increase over 2003 reflects strength in global fund services, as well as the continued addition of new clients to the Company’s hedge fund servicing platform. At December 31, 2004, hedge fund assets under administration totaled $48 billion, up from $30 billion at year-end 2003. Securities lending fees showed good growth in 2004 benefiting from increased loan assets due to new business wins. The increase in investor service fees relative to 2003 was a result of good organic growth in most areas.

 

As of December 31, 2004, assets under custody rose to $9.7 trillion, from $8.3 trillion at December 31, 2003. The increase in assets under custody primarily reflects rising equity prices and new business wins. Cross-border custody assets were $2.7 trillion at December 31, 2004, up from $2.3 trillion in 2003. Equity securities composed 35% of the assets under custody at December 31, 2004 compared with 34% at December 31, 2003, while fixed income securities were 65% compared with 66% last year. Assets under custody in 2004 consisted of assets related to the custody business of $5.7 trillion, mutual funds of $1.3 trillion, broker-dealer services assets of $2.1 trillion, and all other assets of $0.6 trillion.

 

Issuer services fees were $582 million, up 11% from $522 million in 2003. In 2004, the increase reflects strong growth in depositary receipts and corporate trust. In 2003, the improvement in corporate trust reflects the strong fixed income issuance.

 

Depositary receipts (“DR”) trading volume reached an all time high led by the energy and pharmaceutical industries. In addition, in 2004, the Company experienced positive net DR issuance. Both these trends demonstrate investors’ continued commitment to cross-border investing. DR revenues increased due to higher issue/cancel and dividend activity. Other corporate actions such as initial public offerings, mergers and acquisitions, secondary offerings and rights issues declined. During the year, companies established 121 new DR programs, a 48% jump from last year’s 82 programs, but still lower than the high of 199 new programs established in 2000. However,

 

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non-U.S. companies and governments raised just $8.4 billion in ADR offerings which is 18.5% lower than 2003 and 72% off the high of $30.1 billion raised in 2000.

 

Corporate trust continued to generate strong performance, reflecting increases in overall issuance levels as well as demand for corporate specialty products. Corporate trust also benefited from increased activity in the European debt markets and in the securitization market. The size of the European debt market increased by 14% to $2.4 trillion and the Company was able to attract significant amounts of new business.

 

Broker-dealer services fees were $209 million, compared with $175 million in 2003. The increase in 2004 reflects higher volumes due to new business wins in the collateral management business and higher levels of mortgage-backed and government trading activity. The Company now handles approximately $950 billion of financing for the Company’s broker-dealer clients daily through tri-party collateralized financing agreements, up 26% from a year ago. In 2003, broker-dealer services fees reflect strong performance in global clearance and collateral management services, which benefited from new business wins and higher fixed income transaction volumes.

 

Global payment services fees in 2004 were $317 million, compared with $314 million in 2003. The 2004 results were impacted by the rising rate environment which drove customers to use compensating balances rather than fees to pay for services. In addition, year-over-year growth is attributable to higher volumes and conversion of new business. The 2003 results reflected the build-out of multi-currency product capabilities and further penetration of the financial institutions market segment. In 2003, clients paid for more services with fees rather than leaving compensating balances in a low rate environment.

 

Private client services and asset management revenues grew to $448 million in 2004 compared with $384 million in 2003. The increase reflects strong growth at Ivy, higher fees in private client services, and higher equity price. In 2003, the increase reflects higher equity price levels as well as the continued demand for alternative investments from Ivy. Ivy continued its international expansion in 2004, opening an office in Tokyo to serve the expanding market for hedge fund products in Asia. Ivy successfully launched its London office in 2003.

 

Assets under management (“AUM”) were $102 billion at December 31, 2004, compared with $89 billion at December 31, 2003, while assets under administration were $33 billion compared with $32 billion at December 31, 2003. The increase in assets under management reflects growth in Ivy, institutional equity products, and short-term fixed income management, as well as a rise in equity market values. Institutional clients represent 69% of AUM while individual clients equal 31%. AUM at December 31, 2004, are 36% invested in equities, 21% in fixed income, 15% in alternative investments, with the remaining amount in liquid assets.

 

In 2004, noninterest income attributable to foreign exchange and other trading activities was $207 million, up from $163 million in 2003. The increase primarily reflects more robust client-related foreign exchange revenues due to increased activity from international custody.

 

Net interest income in the Servicing and Fiduciary businesses segment was $570 million for 2004, compared with $472 million in 2003 and $469 million in 2002. The increase in net interest income in 2004 from 2003 is primarily attributable to the Pershing acquisition, the benefit of rising rates, and customers’ increased use of compensating balances to pay for services. The slight increase in 2003 from 2002 is primarily attributable to the Pershing acquisition, partially offset by the impact of the decline in interest rates. Average assets for 2004 were $22.5 billion, compared with $16.9 billion in 2003 and $8.3 billion in 2002. The increase in assets in 2004 and 2003 from 2002 is attributable to the Pershing acquisition. Average deposits in the Servicing and Fiduciary segment were $35.1 billion versus $33.3 billion in 2003 and $31.3 billion in 2002.

 

Net charge-offs in the Servicing and Fiduciary businesses segment were $15 million in 2004, $7 million in 2003, and zero in 2002. The increase in charge-offs in 2004 is attributable to a credit loss in Pershing’s UK clearing business as a result of an alleged deceptive scheme perpetrated on Pershing. Nonperforming assets were $1 million, compared with $9 million in 2003 and $16 million in 2002.

 

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Table of Contents

Noninterest expense increased by 18% in 2004 to $3,188 million, compared with $2,704 million in 2003 and $2,011 million in 2002. The rise in noninterest expense in 2004 and 2003 is attributable to Pershing and other acquisitions, the Company’s continued investment in technology and business continuity, increased pension expense, the expensing of stock options, higher volume-related sub-custodian and clearing expenses, and higher variable compensation related to revenue growth.

 

Corporate Banking

 

(In millions)


   2004

   2003

   2002

Net Interest Income

   $ 350    $ 376    $ 421

Provision for Credit Losses

     70      113      139

Noninterest Income

     320      297      283

Noninterest Expense

     230      217      206

Income Before Taxes

     370      343      359

Average Assets

     17,482      19,597      22,844

Average Deposits

     6,232      6,634      6,922

Nonperforming Assets

     198      327      414

Net Charge-offs

     32      148      324

 

The Corporate Banking segment coordinates all banking and credit-related services to customers through its global relationship managers. The two main client bases served are financial institution clients and corporate clients. The Company’s strategy is to focus on those clients and industries that are major users of securities servicing and global payment services.

 

Over the past several years, the Company has been seeking to improve its overall risk profile by reducing its credit exposures through elimination of non-strategic exposures, cutting back large individual exposures and avoiding outsized industry concentrations. Since 2000, the Company has reduced credit exposure to its corporate client base by $20.7 billion, or 47%. In 2002, the Company set a goal of reducing corporate credit exposure to $24 billion by December 31, 2004. This goal was accomplished in early 2004 and exposures have since declined to $23 billion.

 

In 2004 pre-tax income was $370 million, compared with $343 million in 2003 and $359 million in 2002. The improvement in 2004 is primarily attributable to the reduction in credit risk as well as favorable conditions in credit markets, which resulted in a lower provision for credit losses. Now that the Company has achieved its principal risk management objectives, assets should be flat to slightly growing going forward.

 

The Corporate Banking segment’s net interest income was $350 million in 2004, compared with $376 million in 2003 and $421 million in 2002. The decrease in 2004 reflects a continued reduction in lending to corporate borrowers as well as a decline in deposits. Credit spreads were also lower reflecting the higher asset quality of the portfolio. Average assets for 2004 were $17.5 billion, compared with $19.6 billion in 2003 and $22.8 billion in 2002. Average deposits in the Corporate Banking segment were $6.2 billion versus $6.6 billion in 2003 and $6.9 billion in 2002.

 

The provision for credit losses, which is assessed on a long-term credit cycle basis (see “Business Segment Accounting Principles”), was $70 million in 2004, compared with $113 million in 2003 and $139 million in 2002. The decrease in 2004 principally reflects the benefits of the Company’s corporate credit risk reduction program.

 

Net charge-offs in the Corporate Banking segment were $32 million, $148 million, and $324 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002. The charge-offs in 2004 primarily relate to loans to media, corporate, and foreign borrowers. The charge-offs in 2003 primarily relate to loans to corporate borrowers. Nonperforming assets were $198 million, $327 million, and $414 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002. The decrease in nonperforming assets in 2004 primarily reflects the sale of $43 million of loans to the operating subsidiaries of a major cable company as

 

18


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well as paydowns and charge-offs of domestic and foreign commercial loans. The decrease in nonperforming assets in 2003 primarily reflects reductions in the levels of nonperforming cable and telecom credits.

 

The increase in noninterest income to $320 million in the current year from $297 million in 2003 was due to higher capital markets fees particularly syndication and advisory fees. In 2004, the Company was involved in 134 capital markets transactions, down from 181 in 2003 and 143 in 2002. In 2004, fixed income trading of corporate issues decreased reflecting a lower level of activity in the secondary fixed income markets. Loan commitment fees were approximately flat in 2004 versus 2003.

 

In 2003, the increase in noninterest income of $14 million from $283 million in 2002 was principally due to higher capital markets fees, as syndication and underwriting fees increased reflecting robust loan and debt markets.

 

Noninterest expense in 2004 was $230 million, compared to $217 million in 2003 and $206 million in 2002. The increase in noninterest expense in 2004 and 2003 was due in part to a higher pension expense, commencement of stock option expensing, and an increase in incentive compensation tied to revenues.

 

Retail Banking

 

(Dollars in millions)


   2004

   2003

   2002

Net Interest Income

   $ 491    $ 476    $ 473

Provision for Credit Losses

     20      19      12

Noninterest Income

     114      120      118

Noninterest Expense

     384      371      328

Income Before Taxes

     201      206      251

Average Assets

     5,645      5,374      5,108

Average Noninterest-Bearing Deposits

     5,306      4,772      3,900

Average Deposits

     15,146      14,432      13,020

Nonperforming Assets

     15      13      10

Net Charge-offs

     22      21      20

Number of Branches

     341      341      341

Number of ATMs

     378      378      371

 

The Retail Banking segment provides the Company with a growing source of core deposits. The segment represents an attractive distribution channel, and the Company has continued to expand the products offered through the retail branch system. The branch system is focused on the suburban Tri-State New York metropolitan area.

 

The Retail Banking segment continues to demonstrate stable results in spite of increased competition in the New York metropolitan area. In 2004 pre-tax income was $201 million, compared with $206 million in 2003 and $251 million in 2002. The Company has been able to steadily grow its deposit balances, with average deposits reaching $15.1 billion for 2004.

 

The Company continues to enhance the services offered through the branch system. This includes leveraging its retail client base to distribute BNY Asset Management and third party investment products. Currently, investment products are cross sold to over 10% of the client base. The Company is also seeking selective expansion opportunities within its current branch footprint.

 

Net interest income in the Retail Banking segment was $491 million in 2004, compared with $476 million in 2003 and $473 million in 2002. Net interest income growth in 2004 reflects growth in assets and deposits. The segment also benefited from the increasing number of small business customers’ use of compensating balances to pay for services. Net interest income in 2003 increased slightly as spread compression on deposits in a lower rate environment was offset by growth in the loan portfolio. Average deposits generated by the Retail Banking

 

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segment were $15.1 billion in 2004, compared with $14.4 billion in 2003 and $13.0 billion in 2002. Average noninterest-bearing deposits were $5.3 billion in 2004, compared with $4.8 billion in 2003 and $3.9 billion in 2002. Average assets in the Retail Banking segment were $5.6 billion, compared with $5.4 billion in 2003 and $5.1 billion in 2002.

 

Noninterest income was $114 million in 2004, compared with $120 million in 2003 and $118 million in 2002. The decline in noninterest income in 2004 is attributable to small business customers using compensating balances rather than fees to pay for services, and a gain on the sale of consumer loans in 2003.

 

Noninterest expense was $384 million in 2004, compared with $371 million in 2003 and $328 million in 2002. The rise in noninterest expense in 2004 was attributable to higher marketing, occupancy, technology and staff costs. The increase in noninterest expense in 2003 was due to a higher pension expense, the commencement of stock option expensing, and increased occupancy, legal, and advertising expenses.

 

Net charge-offs were $22 million, $21 million, and $20 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002. Nonperforming assets were $15 million in 2004, compared with $13 million in 2003 and $10 million in 2002. The increase in charge-offs and nonperforming loans reflects the growth in the Company’s small business loan portfolio over the last few years.

 

Financial Markets

 

(In millions)


   2004

   2003

   2002

Net Interest Income

   $ 308    $ 320    $ 327

Provision for Credit Losses

     20      21      20

Noninterest Income

     195      177      194

Noninterest Expense

     116      101      89

Income Before Taxes

     367      375      412

Average Assets

     49,615      46,056      41,187

Average Deposits

     4,529      4,245      2,558

Average Investment Securities

     22,952      19,850      15,315

Net Charge-offs

     14      5      127

 

Income before taxes declined to $367 million in 2004 from $375 million and $412 million in 2003 and 2002. Net interest income was $308 million in 2004, compared with $320 million in 2003 and $327 million in 2002. The decrease in 2004 reflects the impact of an increase in interest rates on the segments’ funding costs, partially offset by an increase in assets. The decrease in 2003 reflects lower reinvestment yields on the investment securities portfolio partially offset by an increase in assets, primarily highly-rated mortgage-backed securities. Average assets in the Financial Markets segment were $49.6 billion in 2004, up from $46.1 billion in 2003 and $41.2 billion in 2002. The increase in assets reflects the Company’s continuing strategy to reduce its investment in higher risk corporate loans and to increase holdings of highly-rated, more liquid investment securities. The Company continues to invest in hybrid adjustable or short life classes of structured mortgage-backed securities, both of which have short durations.

 

The provision for credit losses, which is assessed on a long-term credit cycle basis (see “Business Segment Accounting Principles”), was $20 million in 2004, compared with $21 million in 2003 and $20 million in 2002. Net charge-offs were $14 million, $5 million, and $127 million in 2004, 2003, and 2002, respectively. Charge-offs in 2004 and 2003 were primarily related to airline exposure. The decrease in charge-offs in 2003 versus 2002 primarily reflects the Company’s charge-off of $125 million of its $130 million leasing exposure to United Airlines in 2002.

 

Noninterest income was $195 million in 2004, compared with $177 million in 2003 and $194 million in 2002. The increase in noninterest income in 2004 from 2003 reflects higher equity securities gains and foreign

 

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Table of Contents

exchange trading partially offset by a decline in income from trading interest rate derivatives. The decrease in noninterest income in 2003 from 2002 reflects declines in equity securities gains partially offset by higher foreign exchange and interest rate derivative trading.

 

Noninterest expense increased in 2004 and 2003 due to higher incentive compensation, higher pension expense, and the commencement of stock option expensing.

 

The consolidating schedule below shows the contribution of the Company’s segments to its overall profitability.

 

(Dollars in millions)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2004


   Servicing
and
Fiduciary
Businesses


    Corporate
Banking


    Retail
Banking


    Financial
Markets


    Reconciling
Items


    Consolidated
Total


Net Interest Income

   $ 570     $ 350     $ 491     $ 308     $ (74 )   $ 1,645

Provision for Credit Losses

     3       70       20       20       (98 )     15

Noninterest Income

     3,947       320       114       195       115       4,691

Noninterest Expense

     3,188       230       384       116       204       4,122
    


 


 


 


 


 

Income Before Taxes

   $ 1,326     $ 370     $ 201     $ 367     $ (65 )   $ 2,199
    


 


 


 


 


 

Contribution Percentage

     59 %     16 %     9 %     16 %              

Average Assets

   $ 22,450     $ 17,482     $ 5,645     $ 49,615     $ 4,148     $ 99,340

(Dollars in millions)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2003


   Servicing
and
Fiduciary
Businesses


    Corporate
Banking


    Retail
Banking


    Financial
Markets


    Reconciling
Items


    Consolidated
Total


Net Interest Income

   $ 472     $ 376     $ 476     $ 320     $ (35 )   $ 1,609

Provision for Credit Losses

     —         113       19       21       2       155

Noninterest Income

     3,383       297       120       177       29       4,006

Noninterest Expense

     2,704       217       371       101       305       3,698
    


 


 


 


 


 

Income Before Taxes

   $ 1,151     $ 343     $ 206     $ 375     $ (313 )   $ 1,762
    


 


 


 


 


 

Contribution Percentage

     56 %     16 %     10 %     18 %              

Average Assets

   $ 16,920     $ 19,597     $ 5,374     $ 46,056     $ 3,520     $ 91,467

(Dollars in millions)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2002


   Servicing
and
Fiduciary
Businesses


    Corporate
Banking


    Retail
Banking


    Financial
Markets


    Reconciling
Items


    Consolidated
Total


Net Interest Income

   $ 469     $ 421     $ 473     $ 327     $ (25 )   $ 1,665

Provision for Credit Losses

     —         139       12       20       514       685

Noninterest Income

     2,728       283       118       194       (180 )     3,143

Noninterest Expense

     2,011       206       328       89       117       2,751
    


 


 


 


 


 

Income Before Taxes

   $ 1,186     $ 359     $ 251     $ 412     $ (836 )   $ 1,372
    


 


 


 


 


 

Contribution Percentage

     54 %     16 %     11 %     19 %              

Average Assets

   $ 8,333     $ 22,844     $ 5,108     $ 41,187     $ 2,358     $ 79,830

 

Reconciling Items

 

Description—Reconciling items for net interest income primarily relate to the recording of interest income on a taxable equivalent basis, reallocation of capital, and the funding of goodwill and intangibles. The adjustment to the provision for credit losses reflects the difference between the aggregate of the credit provision over a credit

 

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Table of Contents

cycle for the reportable segments and the Company’s recorded provision. The Company’s approach to acquisitions is highly centralized and controlled by senior management. Accordingly, the resulting goodwill and other intangible assets are reconciling items for average assets. The related amortization is a reconciling item for noninterest expense. Other reconciling items for noninterest expense primarily reflect corporate overhead and severance.

 

To assess as accurately as possible the performance of its segments in 2004, the Company analyzed reconciling items related to corporate overhead. As a result of this analysis, the Company reclassified from reconciling items to the individual segments certain items related to insurance, compliance, and incentive compensation expenses. In addition, a minor modification was made to the method used to allocate earnings on capital. The impact of these changes was a decline in pre-tax income of the segments and a reduction in the amount of reconciling items as shown below:

 

Segment


   2004

    2003

    2002

 
(In millions)       

Servicing and Fiduciary

   $ (95 )   $ (98 )   $ (103 )

Corporate Banking

     (15 )     (18 )     (13 )

Retail Banking

     (12 )     (23 )     (10 )

Financial Markets

     (11 )     —         (4 )
    


 


 


Subtotal

     (133 )     (139 )     (130 )

Reconciling

     133       139       130  
    


 


 


Total

   $ —       $ —       $ —    
    


 


 


 

The detail of reconciling items for the past three years is presented in the following table.

 

(In millions)


   2004

    2003

    2002

 

Segments’ Revenue

   $ 6,295     $ 5,621     $ 5,013  

Adjustments:

                        

Earnings Associated with Assignment of Capital

     (60 )     (87 )     (83 )

Securities Gains

     19       —         (213 )

SFAS 13 Cumulative Lease Adjustment

     (66 )     —         —    

Taxable Equivalent Basis and Other Tax-Related Items

     52       51       57  

Other

     96       30       34  
    


 


 


Subtotal–Revenue Adjustments

     41       (6 )     (205 )
    


 


 


Consolidated Revenue

   $ 6,336     $ 5,615     $ 4,808  
    


 


 


Segments’ Income before Tax

   $ 2,264     $ 2,075     $ 2,208  

Adjustments:

                        

Revenue Adjustments (Above)

     41       (6 )     (205 )

Provision for Credit Losses Different than GAAP

     99       (2 )     (514 )

Severance Costs

     (16 )     (10 )     (19 )

Goodwill and Intangibles Amortization

     (34 )     (25 )     (7 )

Pershing Integration Expenses

     —         (96 )     —    

RW Matter

     (30 )     —         —    

GMAC Settlement

     —         (78 )     —    

Lease Termination

     (8 )     —         —    

Corporate Overhead

     (117 )     (96 )     (91 )
    


 


 


Consolidated Income before Tax

   $ 2,199     $ 1,762     $ 1,372  
    


 


 


Segments’ Total Average Assets

   $ 95,192     $ 87,947     $ 77,472  

Adjustments:

                        

Goodwill and Intangibles

     4,148       3,520       2,358  
    


 


 


Consolidated Average Assets

   $ 99,340     $ 91,467     $ 79,830  
    


 


 


 

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Table of Contents

In addition to the recurring reconciling items discussed above in certain years, other significant items may be included as reconciling items. In 2004, the items discussed under “Other 2004 Developments” except for taxes were included in reconciling items. These included SFAS 13 cumulative adjustments to the leasing portfolio, which impacted net interest income by $66 million. Also included were four large sponsor fund securities gains of $19 million, and gains on sale of Wing Hang Bank, and on a lease residual which in aggregate impacted Other by $51 million. The SFAS 13 aircraft adjustments impacted the provision by $7 million. Finally, severance and lease termination expense and a charge for the RW Matter impacted noninterest expense by $48 million. In 2004, the increase in corporate overhead reflects higher consulting, incentive compensation, and stock option expenses.

 

In 2003, merger and integration costs associated with Pershing and the GMAC settlement were reconciling items.

 

In 2002, the ESDC grant and the sale of certain securities and other gains were reconciling items for noninterest income.

 

Allocation to Segments—Earnings associated with the assignment of capital relate to preferred trust securities which are assigned as capital to segments. Since the Company considers these issues to be capital, it does not allocate the interest expense associated with these securities to individual segments. If this interest expense were allocated to segments, it could be assigned based on segment capital, assets, risks, or some other basis.

 

The reconciling item for securities gains relates to the Financial Markets business. The taxable equivalent adjustment is not allocated to segments because all segments contribute to the Company’s taxable income and the Company believes it is arbitrary to assign the tax savings to any particular segment. Most of the assets that are attributable to the tax equivalent adjustment are recorded in the Financial Markets segment. In 2004, the $66 million reconciling item related to SFAS 13 cumulative lease adjustments and the $19 million gain on sponsor fund investments would be attributable to the Financial Markets segment. The $48 million gain on the sale of Wing Hang recorded in Other would be attributable to the Corporate Banking segment in 2004. The charge for the RW Matter would be attributable to the Retail Banking segment.

 

The reconciling item for the provision for credit losses primarily relates to Corporate Banking, although in 2004 and 2002, approximately $7 million and $200 million relate to Financial Markets. Severance and lease termination costs primarily relate to the Servicing and Fiduciary segment, the Corporate Banking segment, and to staff areas that cut across all business lines. Goodwill and intangible amortization primarily relates to the Servicing and Fiduciary segment. The GMAC settlement would be allocated to the Corporate Banking segment. Pershing integration expenses are attributable to the Servicing and Fiduciary segment. Corporate overhead is difficult to specifically identify with any particular segment. Approaches to allocating corporate overhead to segments could be based on revenues, expenses, number of employees, or a variety of other measures.

 

Foreign Operations

 

The Company’s primary foreign activities consist of securities servicing and global payment services. Target customers include financial service companies, pension funds and securities issuers worldwide. In Execution & Clearing, the Company provides clearing and financial services outsourcing solutions in 65 countries and institutional trade execution services in over 80 global markets including 50 emerging markets. In Investor Services, the Company is a leading global custodian and provides off-shore mutual fund servicing capabilities for funds registered in Dublin, Channel Islands, Luxemburg and Singapore.

 

In Issuer Services, the Company has been a leader in the ADR market, currently acting as the DR agent for 64% of all publicly sponsored listings by foreign companies. For debt issuance, the Company is one of the leading corporate trust providers for global debt issuance.

 

The Company is also a leading provider and major market maker in the area of foreign exchange and interest-rate risk management services, dealing in over 100 currencies, and provides traditional trust and banking

 

23


Table of Contents

services to customers domiciled outside of the United States, principally in Europe and Asia. Ivy UK provides clients in Europe and the Middle East with hedge fund of funds investment advisory services.

 

The Company seeks to expand its local market capabilities in key international markets that extend beyond traditional custodial and off-shore servicing roles. Major operation centers are based in London England, Brussels Belgium, and Singapore with additional subsidiaries, branches, and representative offices in 32 countries. The Company has extensive local capabilities and market share in the United Kingdom and Ireland and has formed marketing alliances to gain local presence in the Benelux countries, Germany and Eastern Europe. The Company is currently evaluating other alliances in different regions of the world.

 

International clients accounted for 24% of revenue and 17% of net income in 2004. The Company has approximately 3,725 employees in Europe and 1,533 in Asia. Foreign revenue, income before income taxes, net income and assets from foreign operations are shown in the table below.

 

    2004

  2003

  2002

(In millions)

Geographic Data


  Revenues

  Income
Before
Income
Taxes


  Net
Income


  Total
Assets


  Revenues

  Income
Before
Income
Taxes


  Net
Income


  Total
Assets


  Revenues

  Income
Before
Income
Taxes


  Net
Income


  Total
Assets


Domestic

  $ 4,825   $ 1,821   $ 1,192   $ 74,343   $ 4,439   $ 1,504   $ 987   $ 72,830   $ 3,752   $ 1,033   $ 679   $ 57,541

Europe

    1,096     267     175     15,062     886     237     156     13,771     790     314     206     13,589

Asia

    260     94     62     3,759     171     15     10     4,348     146     21     14     3,670

Other

    155     17     11     1,365     119     6     4     1,448     120     4     3     2,940
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total

  $ 6,336   $ 2,199   $ 1,440   $ 94,529   $ 5,615   $ 1,762   $ 1,157   $ 92,397   $ 4,808   $ 1,372   $ 902   $ 77,740
   

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

In 2004, revenues from Europe were $1,096 million, compared with $886 million in 2003 and $790 million in 2002. The increase in 2004 reflects the full year impact of the Pershing acquisition, new business growth, and increased revenue from DR and Ivy. The increase in 2003 in Europe compared with 2002 reflects the Pershing acquisition. Revenues from Asia were $260 million in 2004, compared with $171 million and $146 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in Asia in 2004 was primarily due to the sale of Wing Hang and higher revenue from Ivy. The increase in Asia in 2003 compared with 2002 reflects a shift in interest earning assets from Europe to Asia. Net income from Europe was $175 million in 2004, compared with $156 million and $206 million in 2003 and 2002. Net income from Asia was $62 million in 2004, compared with $10 million and $14 million in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Net income in Europe and Asia were driven by the same factors affecting revenue. In addition, in 2004 and 2003, net income in Europe was adversely impacted by the strength of the Euro and Sterling versus the U.S. dollar.

 

Cross-Border Risk

 

Foreign assets are subject to general risks attendant to the conduct of business in each foreign country, including economic uncertainties and each foreign government’s regulations. In addition, the Company’s foreign assets may be affected by changes in demand or pricing resulting from fluctuations in currency exchange rates or other factors. Cross-border outstandings include loans, acceptances, interest-bearing deposits with other banks, other interest bearing investments, and other monetary assets which are denominated in U.S. dollars or other non-local currency. Also included are local currency outstandings not hedged or funded by local borrowings.

 

The tables below show the Company’s cross-border outstandings for the last three years where cross-border exposure exceeds 1.00% of total assets (denoted with “*”) or 0.75% of total assets (denoted with “**”).

 

2004

 

(In millions)


   Germany*

   United
Kingdom*


   France*

Banks and Other Financial Institutions

   $ 2,586    $ 307    $ 850

Public Sector

     176      —        128

Commercial, Industrial and Other

     433      776      302
    

  

  

Total Cross-Border Outstandings

   $ 3,195    $ 1,083    $ 1,280
    

  

  

 

24


Table of Contents

2003

 

(In millions)


   Germany*

   United
Kingdom*


   Belgium*

   Netherlands*

   France**

Banks and other Financial Institutions

   $ 1,988    $ 1,048    $ 815    $ 719    $ 473

Public Sector

     169      1      217      —        143

Commercial, Industrial and Other

     377      885      108      359      299
    

  

  

  

  

Total Cross-Border Outstandings

   $ 2,534    $ 1,934    $ 1,140    $ 1,078    $ 915
    

  

  

  

  

 

2002

 

(In millions)


   Germany*

   United
Kingdom*


   Korea**

   France**

Banks and other Financial Institutions

   $ 1,702    $ 1,191    $ 250    $ 240

Public Sector

     174      —        —        —  

Commercial, Industrial and Other

     558      1,086      444      429
    

  

  

  

Total Cross-Border Outstandings

   $ 2,434    $ 2,277    $ 694    $ 669
    

  

  

  

 

Critical Accounting Policies

 

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements under “Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies”. Four of the Company’s more critical accounting policies are those related to the allowance for credit losses, the valuation of derivatives and securities where quoted market prices are not available, goodwill and other intangibles, and pension accounting. In addition to the “Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies” footnote, further information on policies related to the allowance for credit losses can be found under “Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses” in the MD&A. Further information on the valuation of derivatives and securities where quoted market prices are not available can be found under “Market Risk Management” and “Trading Activities and Risk Management” in the MD&A section and in “Fair Value of Financial Instruments” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Further information on goodwill and intangible assets can be found in “Goodwill and Intangibles” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Additional information on pensions can be found in “Employee Benefit Plans” in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Allowance for Credit Losses

 

The allowance for credit losses and allowance for lending-related commitments consist of four elements: (1) an allowance for impaired credits, (2) an allowance for higher risk rated loans and exposures, (3) an allowance for pass rated loans and exposures, and (4) an unallocated allowance based on general economic conditions and certain risk factors in the Company’s individual portfolio and markets. Further discussion on the four elements can be found under “Asset Quality and Allowance for Credit Losses” in the MD&A section.

 

The allowance for credit losses represents management’s estimate of probable losses inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. This evaluation process is subject to numerous estimates and judgments. Probability of default ratings are assigned after analyzing the credit quality of each borrower/counterparty and the Company’s internal ratings are generally consistent with external rating agency’s default databases. Loss given default ratings are driven by the collateral, structure, and seniority of each individual asset and are consistent with external loss given default/recovery databases. The portion of the allowance related to impaired credits is based on the present value of future cash flows. Changes in the estimates of probability of default, risk ratings, loss given default/recovery rates, and cash flows could have a direct impact on the allocated allowance for loan losses.

 

To the extent actual results differ from forecasts or management’s judgment, the allowance for credit losses may be greater or less than future charge-offs.

 

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The Company considers it difficult to quantify the impact of changes in forecast on its allowance for credit losses. Nevertheless, the Company believes the following discussion may enable investors to better understand the variables that drive the allowance for credit losses.

 

Another key variable in determining the allowance is management’s judgment in determining the size of the unallocated allowance. At December 31, 2004, the unallocated allowance was 16% of the total allowance. If the unallocated allowance were five percent higher or lower, the allowance would have increased or decreased by $37 million, respectively.

 

The credit rating assigned to each pass credit is another significant variable in determining the allowance. If each pass credit were rated one grade better, the allowance would have decreased by $76 million, while if each pass credit were rated one grade worse, the allowance would have increased by $112 million.

 

For higher risk rated credits, if the loss given default were 10% worse, the allowance would have increased by $20 million, while if the loss given default were 10% better, the allowance would have decreased by $14 million.

 

For impaired credits, if the fair value of the loans were 10% higher or lower, the allowance would have increased or decreased by $14 million, respectively.

 

Valuation of Derivatives and Securities Where Quoted Market Prices Are Not Available

 

When quoted market prices are not available for derivatives and securities values, such values are determined at fair value, which is defined as the value at which positions could be closed out or sold in a transaction with a willing counterparty over a period of time consistent with the Company’s trading or investment strategy. Fair value for these instruments is determined based on discounted cash flow analysis, comparison to similar instruments, and the use of financial models. Financial models use as their basis independently sourced market parameters including, for example, interest rate yield curves, option volatilities, and currency rates. Discounted cash flow analysis is dependent upon estimated future cash flows and the level of interest rates. Model-based pricing uses inputs of observable prices for interest rates, foreign exchange rates, option volatilities and other factors. Models are benchmarked and validated by independent parties. The Company’s valuation process takes into consideration factors such as counterparty credit quality, liquidity and concentration concerns. The Company applies judgment in the application of these factors. In addition, the Company must apply judgment when no external parameters exist. Finally, other factors can affect the Company’s estimate of fair value including market dislocations, incorrect model assumptions, and unexpected correlations.

 

These valuation methods could expose the Company to materially different results should the models used or underlying assumptions be inaccurate. See “Use of Estimates” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements “Summary of Significant Accounting and Reporting Policies”.

 

To assist in assessing the impact of a change in valuation, at December 31, 2004, approximately $2.6 billion of the Company’s portfolio of securities and derivatives is not priced based on quoted market prices. A change of 2.5% in the valuation of these securities and derivatives would result in a change in pre-tax income of $64 million.

 

Goodwill and Other Intangibles

 

The Company records all assets and liabilities acquired in purchase acquisitions, including goodwill, indefinite-lived intangibles, and other intangibles, at fair value as required by SFAS 141. Goodwill ($3,477 million at December 31, 2004) and indefinite-lived intangible assets ($370 million at December 31, 2004) are not amortized but are subject to annual tests for impairment or more often if events or circumstances indicate they may be impaired. Other intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are subject to impairment if events or circumstances indicate a possible inability to realize the carrying amount. The initial recording of goodwill and other intangibles requires subjective judgments concerning estimates of the fair value of the acquired assets.

 

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The goodwill impairment test is performed in two phases. The first step compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount, including goodwill. If the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, goodwill of the reporting unit is considered not impaired; however, if the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an additional procedure must be performed. That additional procedure compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. An impairment loss is recorded to the extent that the carrying amount of goodwill exceeds its implied fair value. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are evaluated for impairment at least annually by comparing its fair value to its carrying value.

 

Other identifiable intangible assets ($423 million at December 31, 2004) are evaluated for impairment if events and circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Such evaluation of other intangible assets is based on undiscounted cash flow projections. Fair value may be determined using: market prices, comparison to similar assets, market multiples, discounted cash flow analysis and other determinants. Estimated cash flows may extend far into the future and, by their nature, are difficult to determine over an extended timeframe. Factors that may significantly affect the estimates include, among others, competitive forces, customer behaviors and attrition, changes in revenue growth trends, cost structures and technology, and changes in discount rates and specific industry or market sector conditions. Other key judgments in accounting for intangibles include useful life and classification between goodwill and indefinite-lived intangibles or other intangibles which require amortization. See “Goodwill and Intangibles” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding intangible assets.

 

To assist in assessing the impact of a goodwill or intangible asset impairment charge at December 31, 2004, the Company has $4.3 billion of goodwill and intangible assets. The impact of a 5% impairment charge would result in a reduction in pre-tax income of slightly over $200 million.

 

Pension Accounting

 

The Company has defined benefit plans covering approximately 14,700 U.S. employees and approximately 2,400 non-U.S. employees.

 

The Company has three defined benefit pension plans in the U.S. and six overseas. The U.S. plans account for 86% of the projected benefit obligation. Pension credits were $24 million, $39 million, and $95 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002. In addition to its pension plans, the Company also has an Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”) which may provide additional benefits to certain employees. Upon retirement, covered employees are entitled to the higher of their benefit under the ESOP or the defined benefit plan. If the benefit is higher under the defined benefit plan, the employees’ ESOP account is contributed to the pension plan.

 

A number of key assumption and measurement date values determine pension expense. The key elements include the long-term rate of return on plan assets, the discount rate, the market-related value of plan assets, and for the primary U.S. plan the price used to value stock in the ESOP. Since 2002, these key elements have varied as follows:

 

     2005

    2004

    2003

    2002

 

(Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)

                                

Domestic Plans:

                                

Long-Term Rate of Return on Plan Assets

     8.25 %     8.75