10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K Form 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


Form 10-K

 


(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006

OR

 

¨ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 000-23193

 


APPLIED MICRO CIRCUITS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware   94-2586591
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
215 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, CA   94089
(Address of principal executive offices)   (zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (408) 542-8600

 


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

 


Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.    Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act

Large accelerated filer  x                    Accelerated filer  ¨                    Non-accelerated filer  ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Registrant’s common stock on September 29, 2006 as reported on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, was approximately $810,670,838. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 10% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

There were 281,826,071 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2006.

 



Table of Contents

APPLIED MICRO CIRCUITS CORPORATION

ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED

MARCH 31, 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
Cautionary Statement About Forward-looking Statements    1
Explanatory Note    1
PART I   
Item 1.   

Business

   7
Item 1A.   

Risk Factors

   18
Item 1B.   

Unresolved Staff Comments

   35
Item 2.   

Properties

   35
Item 3.   

Legal Proceedings

   36
Item 4.   

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   36
PART II   
Item 5.   

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

  

37

Item 6.   

Selected Financial Data

   38
Item 7.   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   44
Item 7A.   

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure about Market Risk

   68
Item 8.   

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   69
Item 9.   

Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   69
Item 9A.   

Controls and Procedures

   69
Item 9B.   

Other Information

   74
PART III   
Item 10.   

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   74
Item 11.   

Executive Compensation

   78
Item 12.   

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

  

85

Item 13.   

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

   88
Item 14.   

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   88
PART IV   
Item 15.   

Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

   90

Signatures

   93

Financial Statements

   F-1


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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

All statements included or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements or characterizations of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report. Any statement that refers to an expectation, projection or other characterization of future events or circumstances, including the underlying assumptions, is a forward-looking statement. We use certain words and their derivatives such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “expect”, “estimate”, “predict”, “intend”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “future”, “potential”, and similar expressions in many of the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs, and other assumptions made by us. These statements and the expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and other assumptions on which they are based are subject to many risks and uncertainties and are inherently subject to change. We describe many of the risks and uncertainties that we face in the “Risk Factors” section in Item 1A and elsewhere in this report. We update our descriptions of the risks and uncertainties facing us in our periodic reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, known as the “SEC”, in which we report our financial condition and results for the quarter and fiscal year to date. Our actual results and actual events could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statement. Readers should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement.

In this annual report on Form 10-K, “Applied Micro Circuits Corporation”, “AMCC”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Applied Micro Circuits Corporation and all of our consolidated subsidiaries.

EXPLANATORY NOTE

Our Audit Committee has completed a review of our stock option granting practices and accounting. Based on the results of this review, we have concluded that the accounting measurement dates under Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (“APB 25”), for certain stock option grants awarded during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 differ from the measurement dates previously used to determine any stock-based compensation expense during the six fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and have determined that we should have recognized approximately $95.2 million of stock-based compensation expense that was not accounted for in our previously issued financial statements. Therefore, we have concluded that our previously issued financial statements and all financial press releases and similar communications issued by us for the periods beginning with the fiscal year ended March 31, 1999 should not be relied upon. We do not intend to amend our previously filed annual reports on Form 10-K for these fiscal years.

We are restating in this report the financial information for each of the fiscal years ended March 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 2002, 2003 and 2004. This report includes cumulative restatements of our stockholders’ equity for these years and the restatement of our consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2005. The restatement had no impact on our previously reported cash balances or revenues.

As a result of our failure to file this report and subsequent quarterly reports on a timely basis, we will not be eligible to use Form S-3 to register our securities with the SEC until all reports required under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 have been timely filed for at least 12 months.

The grants giving rise to the $95.2 million in additional stock-based compensation expense are summarized below:

1) For five grants to executives that were approved by unanimous written consents (“UWCs”) signed by the members of the Compensation Committee, we could not find evidence of an approval of the grants on or before the dates for which we set the exercise price of the options. Also, the signatures on the UWCs were not dated. As a result, the final approval and the new measurement date of each grant were deemed to be the date that we received the last signed UWC counterpart via fax. Three of these grants were executive

 

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promotion grants for which we set the exercise price as the closing price on dates following the date of the executive’s promotion. In each case, the exercise price was the lowest closing price for any date between (and including) the executive’s promotion date and the date the last UWC counterpart was received back from the Compensation Committee. Our practice at the time was to set the exercise price as the closing price on the employee’s promotion date. These five grants accounted for approximately $3.4 million of the $95.2 million.

2) For one all-employee refresh grant, the “employee allocations” i.e. the number of options to be granted to each individual employee, were not finalized until nine days after the grant was approved by the Compensation Committee. For this grant, we utilized the date the employee allocation list was finalized as the new measurement date. This grant accounted for approximately $1.0 million of the $95.2 million.

3) On one occasion, we set the exercise price for an option to an executive new hire prior to the date the executive began working as a full-time employee. This grant accounted for approximately $14.2 million of the $95.2 million. This grant was approved using the UWC signed by the Compensation Committee. The UWC counterparts were not received back until two months after the offer was accepted and one month after the executive began working as a full-time employee. We measured this grant using the date the last UWC counterpart was received back from the Compensation Committee. The exercise price of this grant was originally set lower than the closing price on the date the employee began employment and was also lower than the closing price on the new measurement date. This grant is in addition to the five grants mentioned above in the first category.

4) On two occasions, we granted options (to both executives and non-executive employees) with exercise prices equal to the closing price of our common stock on the date before the grant was approved. Our predominant practice was to use the closing price on the day of the grant. Upon review, we concluded that the appropriate measurement date was on the date of the grant. These grants accounted for approximately $27.0 million of the $95.2 million.

5) For one all-employee refresh grant, the Compensation Committee appears to have permitted management to select the grant date and therefore the exercise price within a specified future time period (the “Open Period”). There is no evidence indicating that the grant date was selected prior to the last day of the Open Period. As a result, for accounting purposes, we have used a new measurement date equal to the last day of the Open Period. The exercise price was lower than the remeasured price at the end of the open period. This grant accounted for approximately $16.2 million of the $95.2 million.

6) For three grants to executives, eight grants to non-executives and a grant made in connection with an October 2000 acquisition, we concluded that management changed the exercise prices of the options after the option grants were approved, but before they were processed to take advantage of lower closing prices that occurred within a few days after the approved grant date. We have applied variable accounting to these awards, which accounted for approximately $33.5 million of the $95.2 million.

The facts and circumstances surrounding the six categories listed above have been, and continue to be, the subject of investigations by the Enforcement Division of the SEC and the United States Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of California. The Company intends to fully co-operate in both investigations.

During the course of the investigation, the Audit Committee did not observe any other accounting issues of concern. In addition, at the conclusion of the investigation, the Audit Committee’s advisors performed a key word email search for other accounting issues in the historical email records of key finance personnel and did not identify any issues of concern.

None of the members of the management team involved in the granting of options giving rise to the restatement is currently employed with or providing services to the Company. We found our current equity award processes and procedures are appropriate and provide effective controls.

 

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     Additional Stock-Based Compensation Expense by Category
     1999    2000    2001    2002     2003     2004    Total
     (in thousands)

Category 1

   $       —      $ —      $ 402    $ 3,007     $ —       $ —      $ 3,409

Category 2

     —        —        —        918       22       25      965

Category 3

     —        1,016      4,063      4,062       4,063       1,016      14,220

Category 4

     —        6,453      3,188      17,261       34       16      26,952

Category 5

     —        —        —        10,382       5,777       —        16,159

Category 6

     55      20,204      14,240      (254 )     (765 )     —        33,480
                                                  

Pre-tax stock-based compensation expense adjustments

     55      27,673      21,893      35,376       9,131       1,057      95,185

Income tax benefit attributable to adjustments

     —        10,181      5,515      5,171       —         —        20,867
                                                  

Net impact

   $ 55    $ 17,492    $ 16,378    $ 30,205     $ 9,131     $ 1,057    $ 74,318
                                                  

Impact of Judgments and Interpretations on Restatement Values

In calculating the amount of incremental stock-based compensation expense to record, we had to make certain interpretations and assumptions and draw certain conclusions from and regarding the internal investigation findings. There is the risk that the interpretations and assumptions we made could be disputed by others after the fact or that we did not draw the correct conclusions from the findings. There is a further risk that the investigation findings themselves were inaccurate or incomplete. All of these risks are particularly acute where there was incomplete documentation. Where we had incomplete documentation, we considered the guidance provided by the Office of the Chief Accountant of the SEC, pursuant to a letter dated September 19, 2006 (the “Chief Accountant’s letter”). Specifically, we used all reasonably available relevant information to form reasonable conclusions as to the most likely option granting actions that occurred and the dates on which such actions occurred in determining the parameters of the restatement.

Incomplete documentation was an issue with respect to the grants described in categories 1, 3, 5 and the executive and acquisition grants described in category 6. Because we could find no clear and definitive documentation regarding when the grants were made, and in the case of the executive and acquisition grants in category 6, why the exercise price of these grants were set on a day other than the day they would be set under our established practice, we chose alternative dates as described above.

The lack of documentation was also an issue in determining the date on which employee grant allocations became fixed and final in the case of refresh grants (refresh grants are our annual or semi-annual grants to all employees, which usually but not always, included executives.) In cases where the documentation supporting the refresh grant allocations was not complete, we employed the guidance provided by the Chief Accountant’s letter and used available documentation as well as other relevant and available facts to form reasonable conclusions as to the most likely option granting actions that occurred and the dates on which such actions occurred. From April 1997 to March 31, 2006, we had a practice of annual or bi-annual grants to all employees (usually including executives). In the case of the grant described in category 2, we concluded that the allocation list was not finalized until nine days after the approval date. As a result we remeasured the grant using the date the allocation list was determined to be final.

We had to make certain legal interpretations regarding, among other things, the requirements under Delaware law for the granting of stock options, the effectiveness of actions taken by our Board of Directors and certain of its committees, and the effectiveness and effect of UWCs. We also had to make a number of accounting interpretations, including interpreting various SEC accounting literature and applying those interpretations to our facts and circumstances. For example, for each category discussed above we had to interpret and apply APB 25 and related interpretations. Specifically, we had to make a determination of the correct measurement date which, under APB 25, is defined as “the first date on which are known both (1) the

 

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number of shares that an individual employee is entitled to receive and (2) the option or purchase price, if any.” As previously noted, we also considered the guidance provided by the Chief Accountant’s letter in making our determinations.

In the case of category 4, we had to interpret accounting guidance to determine the appropriateness of setting exercise prices for grants using the closing price on the day before the grant approval date. Among the factors we considered was the lack of consistency with which we followed our own practices in pricing grants (day of grant versus day before grant), which may have been employed to take advantage of a lower price within a two-day period.

In the area of legal interpretation, we had to determine the effective date of grants under our process for making new hire and promotion grants to non-executive officers. Under that process, grants were automatically made (and exercise prices set) on the Monday the employee commenced employment or was promoted (or the following Monday if the employment or promotion date was not a Monday). We determined that the effective date of these grants was the Monday on which the grants were automatically made notwithstanding the fact that the UWCs documenting the grant approval sometimes were not signed by the Stock Option Committee until a later date. This conclusion is consistent with the guidance provided in the Chief Accountant’s letter with respect to the effect of inconsequential administrative delays. As discussed in category 6, we changed the exercise price after the options were automatically granted. We have treated these options as having been cancelled and re-granted, resulting in variable accounting.

Underlying the entire restatement are the investigation findings. We had to make numerous assumptions and conclusions in reviewing the evidence presented to us by the Audit Committee’s outside counsel and forensic accountants, including assumptions regarding the veracity of witnesses; the intent behind the wording of certain documents, particularly informal communications such as emails; the date of undated documents; whether documents were received or read by the addressees and the state of mind of persons involved in the granting process. We believe that the Audit Committee and its representatives were thorough in their investigation, careful and measured in assisting us with our assumptions and conclusions. The process of reaching these conclusions was a collaborative process that involved the forensic accountants, the Audit Committee and the current management team. Despite the difficulty of dealing with imperfect data and the resulting judgments we were able to arrive at a collective conclusion.

Some judgments would have made the restatement higher and some would have made it lower. For example, in category 3 of the 6 categories that comprise the results of our stock option granting practices investigation, the executive’s grant could have been evaluated based on his start date consistent with our practice. This would have lowered the $95.2 million aggregate expense by $7.9 million. In this case we ultimately used the date of the UWC as we could find no evidence of a meeting of the minds until the UWC was signed. Another example dealt with the 387 occasions where we made weekly grants. We repriced the eight exceptions noted but if we had used the UWC signature dates as the measurement dates, we would have recognized no compensation cost for the eight and for the other 379 grants we would have recognized an estimated additional $15.4 million of stock-based compensation expense. Not all of the categories present possible ranges of compensation cost as demonstrated by category 2, where the allocation list was not finalized until a later date and the later date was the only viable measurement date. In addition to the judgment applied to the six categories which ultimately resulted in the recording of stock-based compensation, there were other potential issues identified which did not result in the recording of compensation, such as the use of UWC’s by the stock option committee. We did not assess a possible range of exposure on these items, as we concluded the appropriate grant date had been used originally. A review or assessment of the judgments and interpretations applied to the various items resulted in a possible range of compensation cost of $58.3 million to $144.8 million, with our final conclusion resulting in $95.2 million in additional expense.

 

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Tax Impact of Restatement Items

In connection with the restatement of our consolidated financial statements due to stock option adjustments, we recorded deferred tax benefits on the non-cash stock-based compensation expense over the option vesting periods for grants to individuals who were employed in tax jurisdictions where a tax deduction was available. The tax impact of the restatement for stock-based compensation expense reduced the tax provision for fiscal years ended March 31, 2000, 2001, and 2002 by $10.2 million, $5.5 million and $5.2 million, respectively. The aggregate reduction in tax provision of $20.9 million resulted in a $74.3 million restatement net of taxes.

Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code provides limitations which affect the ultimate realization of tax benefits on non-cash stock-based compensation expense for U.S. based executives. In accordance with Section 162(m), non-performance based compensation in excess of $1 million paid to the Chief Executive Officer and the four other listed officers, whose salary is disclosed in the annual proxy for the year in which the salary is paid is not deductible. In order for the limitation to apply the executive must still be employed at the end of the year in which the payment occurs. Section 162(m) also provides that stock options that are in-the money at the time of grant do not qualify as performance based compensation and are potentially subject to the $1 million salary deduction limitation in the year in which the executive exercises the option. The executive’s status as a listed officer in the year of exercise, the amount of total non-performance based compensation received, and whether the executive is still employed at the end of the year of exercise determines whether the limitation applies.

Stock-based compensation expense for non-qualified stock options was assumed to be deductible subject to limitations under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code and local country law. Stock-based compensation expense for incentive stock options were assumed not to be deductible until the year in which the option was exercised and a disqualifying disposition occurred. In the period a disqualifying disposition occurred the income tax benefit was recognized as a credit to income tax expense to the extent the income tax deduction was equal to or less than the book stock-based compensation expense recorded.

In the restated consolidated financial statements, we recorded deferred tax assets for non-cash stock-based compensation expense attributable to non-qualified stock options. The deferred tax assets were recognized in the statement of operations in accordance with the applicable vesting periods of the non-qualified stock options. To the extent actual events were inconsistent with the initial assumption and tax benefits were not ultimately realized, we reversed the recorded tax benefits in the year in which such events occurred. When options were cancelled or expired unexercised, recorded tax benefits were reversed to additional paid in capital to the extent of previous credits to additional paid in capital for excess tax benefits, and then to the income tax provision. If a Section 162(m) limitation was later determined not to apply, the tax benefits was reflected by increasing previously disallowed tax benefits in the year that the Section 162(m) limitation no longer applied by recording a deferred tax asset to the income tax provision on the statement of operations.

Impact on SFAS 123 Disclosure

As a consequence of the stock option adjustment discussed above, the compensation expense that we discussed in our footnotes under the fair value method has been restated. In addition, in October 2001, we announced a Stock Option Exchange program, pursuant to which 29.4 million options were cancelled in November 2001 and replacement options were granted in May 2002. We under-amortized the value of these options because we did not include the incremental amortization associated with the May 2002 re-grant. A table illustrating the impact of the components discussed above is presented in Item 6 of this report.

 

Additional information on the restatement can be found in this report in:

 

    Item 1A, “Risk Factors”;

 

    Item 3, “Legal Proceedings”;

 

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    Item 6, “Selected Financial Data”;

 

    Item 7, “Management Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”;

 

    Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures”; and

 

    Note 2, “Restatement of Consolidated Financial Statements” in the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.”

 

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PART I

 

Item 1. Business.

Applied Micro Circuits Corporation was incorporated and commenced operations in California in 1979. AMCC was reincorporated in Delaware in 1987. Our principal executive offices are located at 215 Moffett Park Drive, Sunnyvale, California 94089, and our phone number is 408-542-8600. Our website is located at www.amcc.com. The information that can be accessed on or through our website is not intended to be part of this report. Various documents concerning us that are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K are available, free of charge, on our website. Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “AMCC”.

Overview

AMCC is a leader in semiconductors and printed circuit board assemblies (“PCBAs”) for the communications and storage markets. We design, develop, market and support high-performance integrated circuit (“IC”) products, embedded processors, and storage components, which are essential for the processing, transporting and storing of information worldwide. In the communications market, we utilize a combination of design expertise coupled with system-level knowledge and multiple technologies to offer IC products and PCBAs for wireline and wireless communications equipment such as wireless base stations, edge switches, routers, and gateways, metro transport platforms and core switches and routers. We generate revenues in the communications market primarily through sales of our IC products, embedded processors and PCBAs to original equipment manufacturers (“OEMs”) such as Alcatel, Ciena, Cisco, Brocade, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, JDS Uniphase, Juniper, Lucent, Marconi, NEC, Nortel, Siemens, and Tellabs, who in turn supply their equipment principally to communications service providers. In the storage market, we blend systems and software expertise with high-performance, high-bandwidth silicon integration to deliver high-performance, high capacity Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (“SATA”) Redundant Array of Integrated Disks (“RAID”) controllers for emerging storage applications such as disk-to-disk backup, near-line storage, network-attached storage (“NAS”), video and high-performance computing. We generate revenues in the storage market primarily through sales of our SATA RAID controllers through our distribution channel partners who in turn sell to enterprises, small and mid-size businesses, value added resellers (“VARs”), systems integrators and retail consumers.

Industry Background

The Communications Industry

Communications technology has evolved considerably over the last decade due to the substantial growth in the Internet and wireless communications. The emergence of new applications, such as wireless web devices, Voice over Internet Protocol (“VoIP”), video-on-demand, third generation (“3G”) wireless services, as well as the increase in demand for higher speed, higher bandwidth and remote network access, have increased network bandwidth requirements and complexity. The continuing adoption of broadband technology, such as email, instant messaging and e-commerce, and the increasing availability of next-generation wireless devices that incorporate features such as internet browsing, cameras and video recorders is expected to drive additional data traffic through the network infrastructure in the future. The different types of data transmitted at various speeds over the Internet require service providers and enterprises to invest in multi-service equipment that can securely and efficiently process and transport the varied types of network traffic, regardless of whether it is voice traffic or data traffic. To achieve the performance and functionality required by such systems, OEMs must utilize more complex ICs to address both the cost and functionality of a system. As a result of the pace of new product introductions, the proliferation of standards to be accommodated and the costs and difficulty of designing and producing the required ICs, equipment suppliers have increasingly outsourced these ICs to semiconductor firms with specialized expertise. These trends have created a significant opportunity for IC suppliers that can design cost-effective solutions for the processing and transport of data. OEMs require IC suppliers that possess system-level expertise and can quickly bring to market high-performance, highly reliable, power-efficient ICs.

 

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The increase in volume and complexity of network traffic has led to the development of new technologies for more efficient networks. These technologies provide substantially greater transmission capacity, are less error prone and are easier to maintain than copper networks. These more efficient networks carry high-speed traffic in the form of electrical and optical signals that are transmitted and received by complex networking equipment. To ensure that this equipment and the various networks can communicate with each other, OEMs and makers of semiconductors have developed numerous communications standards and protocols for the industry. For example, the Synchronous Optical Network (“SONET”) standard in North America and Japan and the Synchronous Data Hierarchy (“SDH”) standard in the rest of the world, became the standards for the transmission of signals over optical fiber. The SONET/SDH standards facilitate high data integrity and improved network reliability, while reducing maintenance and other operation costs by standardizing interoperability among equipment from different vendors. With data and video traffic being added in abundance to voice traffic, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (“ATM”) emerged as a transmission protocol complementary to SONET/SDH to optimize bandwidth utilization. Many service providers deploy equipment that handles this protocol because it can support voice, data, video and multimedia applications simultaneously with the ability to provide quality-of-service guarantees. With exponential increases in data traffic and very modest increases in voice traffic, data has become the dominant traffic over all networks today. Internet Protocol (“IP”) is another transport protocol that maintains network information and routes packets across networks. IP packets are larger and can hold more data than ATM cells. IP is becoming increasingly popular as the quality of service for time sensitive packets improves. In addition, access technologies such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet and passive optical networking (“PON”) are increasing the complexity and bandwidth requirements of the network.

The Storage Industry

Storage spending represents a significant percentage of information technology (“IT”) budgets for most enterprises. New regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and those governing the finance industry have driven continued strong demand for high-capacity storage within the enterprise and within a wide variety of vertical markets. The volume of data generated and stored digitally has grown dramatically over the last decade and managing that data is one of the most difficult challenges facing IT organizations today. The enormous growth in storage capacities is also impacting the type of storage being implemented. IT managers across industries are considering less expensive storage technologies to stretch their budgets by reassessing their storage needs and implementing topologies and technologies that are appropriate to the criticality of their stored information. New drive interface technologies such as SATA, provide a much lower cost alternative to traditional enterprise drives. SATA disk drives are rapidly being deployed in secondary storage applications such as back up, archival and near-line storage or the storage of infrequently accessed data.

All high-performance storage systems implement RAID technology, which manages the storage and retrieval of information to and from the disk drives in the server or storage device. With the need to ensure data availability for many years beyond its creation, RAID has become a critical application in the data compliance life-cycle. RAID is a technology in which data is stored in a distributed manner across multiple disk drives to improve system performance and to enhance fault tolerance and the ability to survive a hard drive failure. RAID dramatically improves disk access times and provides real time data recovery, with uninterrupted access, when a hard drive fails for increased system uptime and continuous network availability.

AMCC Strategy

AMCC provides the essential building blocks for the processing, transporting and storing of information worldwide. AMCC is a leader in network and embedded PowerPC processing, optical transport and storage solutions. Our products enable the development of converged IP-based networks offering high-speed secure data, high-definition video and high-quality voice for carrier, metropolitan, access and enterprise applications. AMCC provides networking equipment vendors with industry-leading network and communications processing, Ethernet, SONET/SDH and switch fabric solutions.

 

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We have focused our product development efforts on high growth opportunities for processing, transporting, and storing. Our strategy for each of these areas is as follows:

Processing

We are continuing to invest in products based on the Power Architecture. This standard processor architecture, developed by IBM, is the leading architecture within the communications market for high-performance embedded markets. Many of our customers’ products require embedded processing solutions for management, control and data plane functionality. Our products combine the embedded central processing unit (“CPU”) core with peripheral functionality to create optimum solutions for applications such as wireless base-stations, storage controllers, WiFi access points, and network switch and routing products. We also have substantial expertise in special purpose network processing architectures for data path processing. Products based on these architectures are broadly deployed and continue to be designed into major telecommunications and networking equipment. We are developing integrated products that leverage the general purpose embedded processing capabilities of the Power Architecture with the high performance and specialized capabilities of our network processing architectures to create combined data and control plane solutions that are ideally suited for converged IP-based networks. Additionally, due to the general purpose nature of our processors many of our processing products find their way into auxiliary markets such as printers, storage devices and other consumer electronic devices.

Transporting

Our transport technology products historical focus has been on the SONET/SDH optical telecommunications infrastructure where we are a leading vendor. Emerging Metro Ethernet and Residential Triple Play applications such as internet protocol television (“IPTV”) and PON are driving substantial investments in optical infrastructure deployments. These new deployments are increasingly based on Metro or Carrier Class Ethernet at 10 gigabit per second speeds or on PON technologies rather than SONET technology. We are focusing our current transport investments on these high growth market opportunities while continuing to service the SONET/SDH market with a broad portfolio of physical layer (“PHYs”), clock and data recovery (“CDR”), forward error correction (“FEC”) and pointer processor devices.

Storing

The storage technology products deliver high-port count SATA RAID controllers for high-performance, high-capacity storage applications that demand very high levels of data protection. AMCC blends systems and software expertise to deliver highly reliable SATA storage solutions for emerging storage applications such as disk-to-disk backup, near-line storage, NAS, video, and high-performance computing.

Products and Customers

Integrated Communications Products

Our integrated communications products are used in a wide variety of communications equipment, including routers, optical and digital cross connects, next-generation voice and media gateways, add drop multiplexers, multi service provisioning platforms, multi service switches, digital subscriber line access multiplexers (“DSLAMs”) and wireless base stations and access points. We provide our customers with a complete portfolio of IC products, including physical layer products such as transceivers, overhead processing products such as framers and mappers, and higher layer products such as Power Architecture based embedded processors, network processors, traffic managers and switch fabrics.

Physical Layer Products:    Our PHY ICs, transmit and receive signals in a very high-speed serial format and reduce overall system “noise” through the inclusion of highly efficient dispersion compensation methodologies. This low noise capability permits the transmission of signals over greater distances with fewer errors. Our PHY ICs also convert high-speed serial formats to low-speed parallel formats for the framing layer and vice versa. We introduced our first generation of physical layer products in 1993. We have since developed

 

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several generations of these products improving cost, power, functionality, and performance. Examples of our PHY ICs include CDR devices, multiplexers and demultiplexers. In fiscal 2006 AMCC introduced the S3157 Gigabit Passive Optical Network (“GPON”) serializer/deserializer (“SERDES”). The S3157 is specifically designed to handle the asymmetric nature of the GPON transmission network. We also introduced the S3165 multi-rate SERDES, a device specifically designed to operate at multiple rates in the SONET/SDH network. We also brought to market the S1220 and S1221 SERDES devices. These two SERDES devices are specifically targeted to operate at the 155MHz (Optical Carrier (“OC”)3/Synchronous Transfer Mode (“STM”)-1) and 622MHz (OC12/STM-4) SONET/SDH rates. We also saw the ramp to production of our two 10 gigabit SERDES devices, the S19235 and the S19237. Our current customers for physical layer products include Alcatel, Ciena, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, JDS Uniphase, Juniper, Lucent, Marconi, Nortel, Tellabs, Huawei, and ZTE.

Framer and Pointer Processor Products:    Our framing layer ICs transmit and receive signals to and from the physical layer in a parallel format and are used in high-speed transmission equipment such as, multi service provisional platforms (“MSPPs”), add drop multiplexors (“ADMs”), digital and optical cross-connects, edge and core routers, and dense wave division multiplexors (“DWDM”). These ICs support a number of functions, including framing, overhead processing payload synchronization, performance monitoring, forward error correction, and mapping the data payload to/from the transmission format. The framing layer ICs then pass the data either directly to a switch fabric product, which switches the information to its destination, or to a network processor, which further processes the data prior to forwarding it to a switch fabric product. Framing layer ICs also process signals received from the network processing and switching layers for transmission to the physical layer on their return to the optical network. In fiscal 2006 we introduced our Volta Ethernet over SONET/SDH devices and the Rubicon 2.5G and 10G FEC devices. Our current customers for framing layer products include Ciena, Cisco, Lucent, Marconi, NEC, Nortel, Tellabs, Fujitsu, Huawei, and ZTE.

Network Processing and Traffic Manager Products:    Our network processor ICs are programmable processors that receive and transmit signals from and to the framing layer and perform the processing of packet and cell headers, including such functions as real-time parsing, matching and table look-up, as well as bit stream manipulations, such as adding, deleting, substituting, appending and pre-pending. They can perform intelligent packet classification for policy-based network services. Our traffic managers interface with the network processors or are integrated with them and perform the queuing and buffering functions required on packets and cells to provide quality of service support to networks. During fiscal 2006, we brought the nP3700 product family to production and introduced several derivative products. The architecture of this product family integrates multiple network-optimized programmable co-processors architected to deliver wire-speed performance while processing complex nested protocol stacks and mixed ATM/Packet payloads. Our current customers for network processors and traffic manager devices include Alcatel, Cisco, Fujitsu, Nortel, Lucent, Huawei and Juniper.

Backplane Switching Products:    Our switch fabric ICs switch information in the proper priority and to the proper destinations. Our switch fabric product portfolio includes our packet routing switch (“PRS”) fabric devices such as the PRS 80G, Q-80G and queuing managers like universal data serial link (“UDASL”) C48 and C192. In fiscal 2006 we announced that we would not be developing any future switching layer products after the release of the Q-80G and C-192X products. Our current customers for switching layer products include Alcatel, Fujitsu, Huawei, Lucent, Maranti, Marconi, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Nortel, Siemens and Tellabs.

Embedded Processor Products:    Our embedded processors are widely deployed in networking equipment. Embedded processors handle overall system maintenance and management functions and also deal with exception conditions in the data path. Our embedded processor products currently utilize IBM’s PowerPC 4xx processor cores in various speed grades, together with many different functions, to perform numerous tasks in products sold by our customers. As carrier and metro networks transition to Ethernet and IP-based networks the need for high performance general purpose processing increases. These processors are high performance devices enabling high-speed computations that help identify, optimize and control the flow of data within the network. Our Power Architecture product line of embedded processors enable complex applications such as deep content switching, routing and load balancing to be performed at wire speed. Versions of our processors are also targeted at large opportunities in RAID storage processing, wireless access point, multi-function printers and wireless

 

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base-station applications. In fiscal 2006, we introduced the 440EPx and 440GRx embedded processors with support for Gigabit Ethernet and integrated security processing acceleration. We also announced support for RAID 6 technology in our 440SP and 440SPe storage processors. RAID 6 technology enables storage systems to recover from the failure of two drives in a RAID system. In fiscal 2006 we also entered into an agreement with Intrinsity, an Austin, Texas based developer of high performance processor technology to jointly develop a next-generation Power Architecture core to be used in future products.

Storage Products

Our current storage products include serial and parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (“ATA”) RAID controllers. In fiscal 2005, we announced that we would discontinue development of our Fibre Channel host bus adapter (“HBA”) product line.

RAID Controllers:    Through our acquisition of 3ware, we design, manufacture and sell an extensive family of peripheral component interconnect (“PCI”) based RAID controllers. These RAID controllers are installed in a PCI slot on a motherboard and deliver high performance, highly reliable storage for servers and network attached storage devices. A single controller can manage up to 16 hard disk drives allowing up to 8 terabytes of data storage for Linux and Windows operating environments. Our proprietary packet-switched RAID architecture, StorSwitchTM, delivers best of class performance that we believe has secured AMCC a leadership position in the high performance SATA RAID marketplace. In fiscal 2006, we began shipments of the 9550SX family of SATA II RAID controllers, which deliver enterprise-class features, combined with cost effective SATA storage.

Embedded Processors:    The PowerPC 440SP and 440 SPe processors, members of the PPC440 embedded processor family, offer exceptional performance, high bandwidth, design flexibility, and robust features geared to demanding embedded storage and networking applications. The PowerPC 440SP and 440 SPe processors are ideally suited for RAID controllers and storage area network (“SAN”) equipment. Our customers in the storage market utilize these products in controller, switches, adapters, servers, RAID systems and workstations.

Automated Test Equipment, Military and High-Speed Computing Products

We are not currently developing new products for the automated test equipment (“ATE”) or military markets, but we continue to sell Application Specific IC products to customers such as Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, and Teradyne. The majority of these products were manufactured in our internal wafer manufacturing facility, which closed in fiscal 2003. During fiscal 2006, we continued to fill last-time-buy orders for these products. Our high-speed computing products were not manufactured in our internal wafer manufacturing facility, and we will continue to sell these products for the foreseeable future. The revenue from such products is expected to be modest.

Technology

We utilize our technological and design competencies to solve the problems of high-speed analog, digital and mixed-signal circuit designs for optical communications systems and provide the essential products for the transporting, processing and storing of information worldwide. We blend systems and software expertise with high-performance, high-bandwidth silicon integration to deliver communications ICs and software for global communication networks and hardware and software solutions for high-growth storage markets such as SATA RAID. Our embedded processor product line delivers performance and a rich mix of features for Internet, communication, data storage, consumer and imaging applications.

Knowledge of Communications and Storage Systems

Our systems architects, design engineers, technical marketing and applications engineers have a thorough understanding of the fiber optic communications and enterprise storage systems for which we design and build application specific standard products (“ASSPs”). Using this systems expertise, we develop semiconductor and

 

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storage connectivity devices to meet the OEMs’ high-bandwidth requirements. By understanding the systems into which our products are designed, we believe that we are better able to anticipate and develop solutions optimized for the various cost, power and performance trade-offs faced by our customers. We believe that our systems knowledge also enables us to develop more comprehensive, interoperable solutions. This allows us to develop products that fulfill customers’ system needs from fiber-through-switch fabrics, enabling faster integration into their products.

Design of Communications ICs and Storage Solutions

We have developed multiple generations of products that integrate both analog and digital elements on the same IC, while balancing the difficult trade-offs of speed, power and timing inherent in very dense high-speed applications. We were one of the first companies to embed analog phase locked loops in bipolar chips with digital logic for high-speed data transmission and receiver applications. Since the introduction of our first on-chip clock recovery and clock synthesis products in 1993, we have refined these products and have successfully integrated multiple analog functions and multiple channels on the same IC. The mixing of digital and analog signals poses difficult challenges for IC designers, particularly at high frequencies. We have gained significant expertise in mixed-signal IC designs through the development of multiple product generations. We will continue to apply these competencies in the development of more complex products in the future.

We have developed storage connectivity products that interoperate with server and storage topologies and major operating systems and interfaces. We intend to continue working closely with leaders in the storage, networking and computing industries to design and develop new and enhanced storage connectivity products. We believe that establishing strategic relationships with technology partners is essential to ensure that we continue to design and develop competitive products that integrate well with solutions from other leading participants in the storage markets.

Research and Development

Our research and development expertise and efforts are focused on the development of high-performance analog, digital and mixed-signal ICs for the communications and storage markets, and PCBAs and software solutions for storage markets such as SATA RAID. We also develop high-performance libraries and design methodologies that are optimized for these applications. Our primary research and development facilities are located in Sunnyvale and San Diego, California, Raleigh, North Carolina, Austin, Texas, and Andover, Massachusetts in the United States; and Ottawa, Canada. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2006, 2005, and 2004, we expended $91.1 million, $118.7 million, and $112.6 million, respectively, on research and development activities.

Our IC product development is focused on building high-performance, high-gate-count digital and analog-intensive designs that are incorporated into well-documented blocks that can be reused for multiple products. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in advanced design tools to leverage our engineering staff. Our product development is driven by the imperatives of reducing design cycle time, increasing first-time design correctness, adhering to disciplined, well documented design processes, and continuing to be responsive to customer needs. We are also developing high-performance final assembly packages for our products in collaboration with our packaging suppliers and our customers.

Our PCBA product development efforts are focused on building high-performance SATA RAID adapters, and related software drivers, tools and products and advanced telecom computing architecture (“ATCA”) boards and software for our switch fabric, network processors and embedded PowerPC processors for the communications market. Before a new product is developed, our research and development engineers work with marketing managers and customers to develop a comprehensive requirements specification. After the product is designed and commercially released, our engineers continue to work with customers on early design-in efforts to understand requirements for future generations and upgrades.

 

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Manufacturing

Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits

The manufacturing of ICs requires a combination of competencies in advanced silicon technologies, package design and manufacturing, and high speed test and characterization. We have obtained access to advanced Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (“CMOS”) and Silicon Germanium (“SiGe”) processes through foundry relationships. We have substantial experience in the development and use of plastic and ceramic packages for high-performance applications. The selection of the optimal package solution is a vital element of the delivery of high-performance products and involves balancing cost, size, thermal management, and technical performance. We purchase our ceramic packages from several vendors including IBM and Kyocera America and our plastic packaging from Advanced Semiconductor Engineer (“ASE”), ASAT and IBM.

Wafer Fabrication

During fiscal 2003, we closed our internal wafer fabrication facility in San Diego. As a result, we are a fabless company, meaning we do not own or operate foundries for the production of silicon wafers from which our products are made. We will continue to use external foundries such as IBM, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation (“TSMC”) and United Microelectronics Corporation (“UMC”) for a majority of our production of silicon wafers. Subcontracting our manufacturing requirements eliminates the high fixed cost of owning and operating a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility and enables us to focus our resources on design and test applications where we believe we have greater core competencies and competitive advantages.

Assembly and Testing

Our wafer probe and other product testing is conducted at our internal testing facility as well as at independent test subcontractors. After testing is complete, the majority of our products are sent to multiple subcontractors located in Asia and the United States for assembly. Following assembly, some of the devices are tested at the subcontractors and returned to us ready for shipment to our customers or to us for final testing and marking prior to shipment to customers. Certain of these services are available from a limited number of sources and lead times are occasionally extended.

Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Board Assemblies

We believe most component parts used in our RAID adapters and ATCA evaluation boards are standard off-the-shelf items that can be purchased from two or more sources, other than our proprietary Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (“ASICs”) and certain ICs. We select suppliers on the basis of functionality, manufacturing capacity, quality and cost. Whenever possible and practicable, we strive to have at least two manufacturing locations for each product. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase the components for our products, and assemble them to our specifications.

Sales and Marketing

Our sales and marketing strategy is to develop strong, engineering-intensive relationships with the design teams of the market leading platforms at our customers. We maintain close working relationships with these customers so our marketing team can focus on identifying and developing new products that will meet their needs in the future, involving us in the early stages of our customers’ plans to design new equipment. We sell our products both directly and through a network of independent manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. Our direct sales force is technically trained. Expert technical support is critical to our customers’ success and we provide such support through our field applications engineers, technical marketing team and engineering staff, as well as through our extranet technical support web site.

We augment this strategic account sales approach with domestic and foreign distributors that service primarily smaller accounts purchasing standard IC and PCBAs. Typically, these distributors handle a wide variety of products, including those that compete with our products, and fill orders for many customers. For our

 

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RAID products we primarily use the distribution model and spend a good deal of our sales time supporting their efforts. We use marketing programs to augment the distribution effort to reach many of our customers. Most of our sales to distributors are made under agreements allowing for price protection and right of return on stipulated quantities of unsold merchandise. Our sales headquarters is located in Sunnyvale, California. We maintain sales offices throughout the world. Net revenues generated from each category of our products as well as information regarding net revenue generated from each of our significant customers, and a geographic breakdown of our net revenues is summarized in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Backlog

Our sales are made primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for the delivery of products. Quantities of our products to be delivered and delivery schedules are frequently revised to reflect changes in customers’ needs; customer orders generally can be cancelled or rescheduled without significant penalty to the customer. For these reasons, our backlog as of any particular date is not representative of actual sales for any succeeding period, and therefore, we believe that backlog is not necessarily a good indicator of future revenue.

Competition

In the communications IC markets, we compete primarily against companies such as Agere, Broadcom, Intel, Mindspeed, PMC-Sierra, and Vitesse. Our principal competitors in the RAID controller market are Adaptec, Areca, Hewlett-Packard, LSI Logic, and Promise. In the embedded processor market, we compete with other large technology companies such as Freescale Semiconductor, IBM and Intel. In addition, certain of our customers and potential customers have internal IC or storage design or manufacturing capability with which we compete.

The communications IC and storage markets are highly competitive and are subject to rapid technological change. The nature of the communications IC market is that design cycles are often measured in years. As such, timing is critical as once designed in the IC supplier can often enjoy a multi years roll out and conversely if the design cycle is missed or uncompetitive it can take years to recover. We typically face competition at the design stage when our customers are selecting which components to use in their next generation equipment. In the storage market, our products can be qualified more quickly, and are generally distinguished through a combination of pricing, features and reliability. We believe that the principal factors of competition for the markets we serve include: product performance, quality, reliability, integration, price, and time-to-market, as well as our reputation and level of customer support. Our ability to successfully compete in these markets depends on our ability to design and subcontract the manufacture of new products that implement new technologies and gain end market acceptance in a time efficient and cost effective manner.

Proprietary Rights

We rely in part on patents to protect our intellectual property. We have been issued approximately 215 patents, which principally cover certain aspects of the design and architecture of our IC and enterprise storage products. In addition, we have over 80 inventions in various stages of the patenting process in the United States and abroad. There can be no assurance that any of our pending patent applications or any future applications will be approved, or that any issued patents will provide us with competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties or that if challenged, will be found to be valid or enforceable, or that the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business. There can be no assurance that others will not independently develop similar products or processes, duplicate our products or processes or design around any patents that may be issued to us.

To protect our intellectual property, we also rely on a combination of mask work protection under the Federal Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and licensing arrangements.

 

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As a general matter, the semiconductor and enterprise storage industries are characterized by substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In the past we have been, and in the future may be, notified that we may be infringing on the intellectual property rights of third parties. We have certain indemnification obligations to customers with respect to the infringement of third party intellectual property rights by our products. There can be no assurance that infringement claims by third parties or claims for indemnification by customers or end users of our products resulting from infringement claims will not be asserted in the future or that such assertions, if proven to be true, will not materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. In the event of any adverse ruling in any such matter, we could be required to pay substantial damages, which could include treble damages, cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or obtain a license under the intellectual property rights of the third party claiming infringement. There can be no assurance that a license would be available on reasonable terms or at all. Any limitations on our ability to market our products, any delays and costs associated with redesigning our products or payments of license fees to third parties or any failure by us to develop or license a substitute technology on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Environmental Matters

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals that were used in our manufacturing process. Any failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in the imposition of fines, the suspension of production or a cessation of operations. Such regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment or incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations or clean up prior discharges. Since 1993, we have been named as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) along with a large number of other companies that used Omega Chemical Corporation in Whittier, California to handle and dispose of certain hazardous waste material. We are a member of a large group of PRPs that has agreed to fund certain remediation efforts at the Omega Chemical site, which efforts are ongoing. As of 2003, we closed our wafer fabrication facility in San Diego, and the property has been returned to the landlord.

Employees

As of November 30, 2006, we had 602 full-time employees: 97 in administration, 296 in research and development, 69 in operations, and 140 in marketing and sales. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel is essential to our continued success. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we ever experienced any work stoppage.

Executive Officers of the Registrant

Our executive officers and their ages as of November 30, 2006, are as follows:

 

Name

   Age   

Position

Kambiz Hooshmand

   45    President and Chief Executive Officer, Member of the Board of Directors

Robert G. Gargus

   55    Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

Robert Bagheri

   50    Senior Vice President, Operations and Quality

Onchuen Lau

   42    Senior Vice President, General Manager Integrated Communications Products, ICP

Barbara Murphy

   42    Vice President, General Manager, Storage

Cynthia Moreland

   47    Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary

Roger Wendelken

   40    Vice President, World Wide Sales

Scott Dawson

   51    Vice President, Treasury and Investor Relations

 

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Kambiz Hooshmand joined us as President and Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our Board of Directors in March 2005. Prior to March 2005 he was with Cisco Systems, where he most recently served as Vice President and General Manager of Cisco’s Optical and Broadband Transport Technology group. At Cisco, Mr. Hooshmand held several executive-level positions in Multi-Service Switching, Digital Subscriber Line (“DSL”), Carrier Core and Multi-Service, and Optical and Broadband Transport business units. He joined Cisco as a director of engineering as part of the StrataCom acquisition in 1996. Mr. Hooshmand has over two decades of experience in core routing, VoIP, ATM, access and transport technologies. Mr. Hooshmand holds a Master of Science degree in Engineering Management from Stanford University and a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from California State University at Chico.

Robert G. Gargus joined us in October 2005 as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Previously from May 2005 to October 2005, he was Chief Financial Officer of Open-Silicon, a privately held fabless ASIC company. From October 2001 to April 2005, he was Chief Financial Officer of Silicon Image, a public semiconductor company specializing in high-speed serial communications technology, where the company experienced significant growth, a return to solid profitability, and a ten-fold improvement in their market cap. Mr. Gargus served as President and CEO of Telcom Semiconductor, a supplier of semiconductor products for the wireless market, from April 2000 to April 2001 and as CFO from May 1998 to April 2000. Under his leadership, Telcom Semiconductor was selected by Forbes Magazine in October 2000 as one of the “200 Best Small Companies.” Prior to Telcom Semiconductor, Mr. Gargus held various financial and general management positions with Tandem Computers, Atalla Corporation, and Unisys Corporation. Mr. Gargus holds a Master of Business Administration degree in Finance and a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from the University of Detroit.

Robert Bagheri, Senior Vice President, Operations and Quality, joined us in November 2005. Before November 2005, he was Executive Vice President, Central Engineering and Operations and Quality and Reliability at Silicon Image, Inc., a public semiconductor company specializing in high-speed serial communications technology, since February 2003. At Silicon Image Mr. Bagheri was responsible for several manufacturing and engineering disciplines as well as quality and reliability functions, strategic business direction, long-range planning and technology and foundry selection. From January 1997 to January 2003, Mr. Bagheri held senior positions at SiRF Technology Inc., a developer of software and semiconductor products designed to provide location awareness capabilities. Prior to SiRF Technology, Mr. Bagheri held various product engineering and management positions at S3 Inc., and Zoran Corporation. Mr. Bagheri received a diploma in electronics engineering from the Cleveland Institute of Electronics.

Onchuen Lau joined us in May 2005 as Vice President and General Manager, Communications Business Unit and was named Senior Vice President in October 2005. Before May 2005, Mr. Lau was Vice President and General Manager for the serial switching division of Integrated Device Technology (“IDT”), a semiconductor company for advanced network services. In October 1999, Mr. Lau co-founded ZettaCom, a supplier of high-performance network semiconductor solutions and served as President and Chief Executive Officer. ZettaCom was acquired by IDT in May 2004. Prior to his executive role at ZettaCom, Mr. Lau spent seven years at Cisco Systems where he held various technical positions in both enterprise and service provider business units. Prior to Cisco, Mr. Lau led the ASIC development group NET, a telecom equipment vendor and, at Amdahl, the mainframe division of Fujitsu. Mr. Lau holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Electrical Engineering from University of California, Berkeley.

Barbara Murphy joined us in April 2004 when we acquired 3ware, Inc., where she served as Vice President of Marketing since May 2003. Ms. Murphy has over 15 years experience in the communications and storage industry. Prior to joining 3ware, Ms. Murphy worked as a marketing consultant since 2001 developing business plans and go-to-market strategies for various technology companies. Ms. Murphy was also the Senior Director of Product Marketing at Roxio (a spin-out from Adaptec, Inc., a manufacturer of high-performance Small Computer System Interface (“SCSI”) connectivity and network products), where she was responsible for all product management and demand-generation for Roxio’s software product line. Prior to Roxio, Ms. Murphy spent over

 

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five years at Adaptec, Inc., holding numerous marketing management positions in the SCSI server and desktop groups. Before joining Adaptec, Ms. Murphy was a marketing manager for British Telecom, North America and earlier she worked as an engineer for GEC Plessey Telecommunications. Ms. Murphy holds a Bachelor of Engineering degree from the University of Limerick, Ireland and a Masters in Business Administration from Santa Clara University, California.

Cynthia Moreland joined us in July 2005 with over 20 years legal experience working with technology companies as both outside and in-house counsel. Prior to July 2005, Ms. Moreland served as “Of Counsel” with McGlinchey Stafford, PLLC where she focused on commercial transactions and litigation, intellectual property, government contracts and corporate compliance. From 1989 - 2001, Ms. Moreland served in a number of increasingly responsible positions at Motorola including three years as head of legal for Motorola’s Semiconductor Products Sector (now Freescale, Inc.). Ms. Moreland started her legal career in Washington DC, with Steptoe & Johnson, one of the country’s largest and most prestigious law firms. Ms. Moreland earned a Bachelor of Arts from the University of Mississippi, magna cum laude and her Juris Doctor from the University of Mississippi, cum laude. She is a past chair of the Legal Issues Committee of the Intelligent Transportation Society of America and a former instructor of government contracts at the University of Phoenix.

Roger Wendelken joined us in May 2006. Prior to joining us, Mr. Wendelken was Vice President of Sales for the Communications and Consumer Group of Marvell Technology Group, a provider of mixed-signal and digital signal processing integrated circuits to broadband digital data networking markets, since September 2003. From October 2001 to September 2003, Mr. Wendelken was Vice President of Worldwide Sales for Accelerant Networks, a fabless semiconductor company, which develops CMOS, based transceivers. Mr. Wendelken’s 16 years of semiconductor sales experience also includes various positions at Advanced Micro Devices, IBM Microelectronics Group, and Metalink Broadband. Mr. Wendelken’s semiconductor sales experience encompasses a number of technology market segments. Mr. Wendelken holds a Bachelors of Science in Electrical Engineering degree from Georgia Institute of Technology.

Scott Dawson joined us in February 2000 as Director of Treasury and promoted to Director of Investor Relations in July 2005. Mr. Dawson has also held the positions of Director of Treasury and Financial Planning and Analysis and Treasurer. Prior to February 2000, Mr. Dawson held several senior financial and operations management positions in the mortgage banking and real estate industries. He began his career in public accounting with Ernst & Young. Mr. Dawson holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with an emphasis in Accounting from San Diego State University and is a Certified Public Accountant in the State of California.

 

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Item 1A. Risk Factors.

RISK FACTORS

Before deciding to invest in us or to maintain or increase your investment, you should carefully consider the risks described below, in addition to the other information contained in this report and in our other filings with the SEC. We update our descriptions of the risks and uncertainties facing us in our periodic reports filed with the SEC. The risks and uncertainties described below and in our other filings are not the only ones facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occurs, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. In that event, the market price for our common stock could decline and you may lose your investment.

Our operating results may fluctuate because of a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control.

If our operating results are below the expectations of public market analysts or investors, then the market price of our common stock could decline. Some of the factors that affect our quarterly and annual results, but which are difficult to control or predict are:

 

    communications, information technology and semiconductor industry conditions;

 

    fluctuations in the timing and amount of customer requests for product shipments;

 

    the reduction, rescheduling or cancellation of orders by customers, including as a result of slowing demand for our products or our customers’ products or over-ordering of our products or our customers’ products;

 

    changes in the mix of products that our customers buy;

 

    the gain or loss of one or more key customers or their key customers, or significant changes in the financial condition of one or more of our key customers or their key customers;

 

    our ability to introduce, certify and deliver new products and technologies on a timely basis;

 

    the announcement or introduction of products and technologies by our competitors;

 

    competitive pressures on selling prices;

 

    the ability of our customers to obtain components from their other suppliers;

 

    market acceptance of our products and our customers’ products;

 

    fluctuations in manufacturing output, yields or other problems or delays in the fabrication, assembly, testing or delivery of our products or our customers’ products;

 

    increases in the costs of products or discontinuance of products by suppliers;

 

    the availability of external foundry capacity, contract manufacturing services, purchased parts and raw materials including packaging substrates;

 

    problems or delays that we and our foundries may face in shifting the design and manufacture of our future generations of IC products to smaller geometry process technologies and in achieving higher levels of design and device integration;

 

    the amounts and timing of costs associated with warranties and product returns;

 

    the amounts and timing of investments in research and development;

 

    the amounts and timing of the costs associated with payroll taxes related to stock option exercises or settlement of restricted stock units;

 

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    costs associated with acquisitions and the integration of acquired companies, products and technologies;

 

    the impact of potential one time charges related to purchased intangibles;

 

    our ability to successfully integrate acquired companies, products and technologies;

 

    the impact on interest income of a significant use of our cash for an acquisition, stock repurchase or other purpose;

 

    the effects of changes in interest rates or credit worthiness on the value and yield of our short-term investment portfolio;

 

    costs associated with compliance with applicable environmental, other governmental or industry regulations including costs to redesign products to comply with those regulations or lost revenue due to failure to comply in a timely manner;

 

    the effects of changes in accounting standards, including the rule requiring the recognition of expense related to share-based payments to employees, such as grants of stock options and restricted stock units;

 

    costs associated with litigation, including without limitation, attorney fees, litigation judgments or settlements, relating to the use or ownership of intellectual property or other claims arising out of our operations;

 

    our ability to identify, hire and retain senior management and other key personnel;

 

    the effects of war, acts of terrorism or global threats, such as disruptions in general economic activity and changes in logistics and security arrangements; and

 

    general economic conditions.

Our business, financial condition and operating results would be harmed if we do not achieve anticipated revenues.

We can have revenue shortfalls for a variety of reasons, including:

 

    the reduction, rescheduling or cancellation of customer orders;

 

    declines in the average selling prices of our products;

 

    a decrease in demand for our products or our customers’ products;

 

    a decline in the financial condition or liquidity of our customers or their customers;

 

    delays in the availability of our products or our customers’ products;

 

    the failure of our products to be qualified in our customers’ systems or certified by our customers;

 

    excess inventory of our products at our customers resulting in a reduction in their order patterns as they work through the excess inventory of our products;

 

    fabrication, test, product yield, or assembly constraints for our products that adversely affect our ability to meet our production obligations;

 

    the failure of one of our subcontract manufacturers to perform its obligations to us;

 

    our failure to successfully integrate acquired companies, products and technologies; and

 

    shortages of raw materials or production capacity constraints that lead our suppliers to allocate available supplies or capacity to other customers, which may disrupt our ability to meet our production obligations.

Our business is characterized by short-term orders and shipment schedules. Customer orders typically can be cancelled or rescheduled without significant penalty to the customer. Because we do not have substantial

 

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noncancellable backlog, we typically plan our production and inventory levels based on internal forecasts of customer demand, which is highly unpredictable and can fluctuate substantially. Customer orders for our products typically have non-standard lead times, which makes it difficult for us to predict revenues and plan inventory levels and production schedules. If we are unable to plan inventory levels and production schedules effectively, our business, financial condition and operating results could be materially harmed.

From time to time, in response to anticipated long lead times to obtain inventory and materials from our outside contract manufacturers, suppliers and foundries, we may order materials in advance of anticipated customer demand. This advance ordering has in the past and may in the future result in excess inventory levels or unanticipated inventory write-downs if expected orders fail to materialize, or other factors render our products less marketable. If we are forced to hold excess inventory or we incur unanticipated inventory write-downs, our financial condition and operating results could be materially harmed.

Our expense levels are relatively fixed and are based on our expectations of future revenues. We have limited ability to reduce expenses quickly in response to any revenue shortfalls.

Our business substantially depends upon the continued growth of the technology sector and the Internet.

The technology equipment industry is cyclical and has experienced significant and extended downturns in the past. A substantial portion of our business and revenue depends on the continued growth of the technology sector and the Internet. We sell our communications IC products primarily to communications equipment manufacturers that in turn sell their equipment to customers that depend on the growth of the Internet. OEMs and other customers that buy our storage products are similarly dependent on continued internet growth and information technology spending. If there is an economic slowdown or reduction in capital spending, our business, operating results, and financial condition may be materially harmed.

The loss of one or more key customers, the diminished demand for our products from a key customer, or the failure to obtain certifications from a key customer or its distribution channel could significantly reduce our revenues and profits.

A relatively small number of customers have accounted for a significant portion of our revenues in any particular period. We have no long-term volume purchase commitments from our key customers. One or more of our key customers may discontinue operations as a result of consolidation, liquidation or otherwise. Continued reductions, delays and cancellation of orders from our key customers or the loss of one or more key customers could significantly further reduce our revenues and profits. We cannot assure you that our current customers will continue to place orders with us, that orders by existing customers will continue at current or historical levels or that we will be able to obtain orders from new customers.

Our ability to maintain or increase sales to key customers and attract new significant customers is subject to a variety of factors, including:

 

    customers may stop incorporating our products into their own products with limited notice to us and may suffer little or no penalty;

 

    customers or prospective customers may not incorporate our products in their future product designs;

 

    design wins with customers may not result in sales to such customers;

 

    the introduction of new products by customers may be later or less successful in the market than planned;

 

    we may successfully design a product to customer specifications but the customer may not be successful in the market;

 

    sales of customer product lines using our products may rapidly decline or the product lines may be phased out;

 

    our agreements with customers typically are non-exclusive and do not require them to purchase a minimum amount of our products;

 

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    many of our customers have pre-existing relationships with current or potential competitors that may cause them to switch from our products to competing products;

 

    some of our OEM customers may develop products internally that would replace our products;

 

    we may not be able to successfully develop relationships with additional network equipment vendors;

 

    our relationships with some of our larger customers may deter other potential customers (who compete with these customers) from buying our products;

 

    the impact of terminating certain sales representatives or sales personnel; and

 

    the continued viability of these customers.

The occurrence of any one of the factors above could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, before we can sell our storage products to an OEM, either directly or through the OEM’s associated distribution channel, that OEM must certify our products. The certification process can take up to 12 months. This process requires the commitment of OEM personnel and test equipment, and we compete with other suppliers for these resources. Any delays in obtaining these certifications or any failure to obtain these certifications would adversely affect our ability to sell our storage products.

Any significant order cancellations or order deferrals could adversely affect our operating results.

We typically sell products pursuant to purchase orders that customers can generally cancel or defer on short notice without incurring a significant penalty. Any significant cancellations or deferrals in the future could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Cancellations or deferrals could cause us to hold excess inventory, which could reduce our profit margins, increase product obsolescence and restrict our ability to fund our operations. We generally recognize revenue upon shipment of products to a customer. If a customer refuses to accept shipped products or does not pay for these products, we could miss future revenue projections or incur significant charges against our income, which could materially and adversely affect our operating results.

Our products typically have lengthy design cycles. A customer may decide to cancel or change its product plans, which could cause us to lose anticipated sales.

After we have developed and delivered a product to a customer, the customer will usually test and evaluate our product prior to designing its own equipment to incorporate our product. Our customers may need three to more than six months to test, evaluate and adopt our product and an additional three to more than nine months to begin volume production of equipment that incorporates our product. Due to this lengthy design cycle, we may experience significant delays from the time we increase our operating expenses and make investments in inventory until the time that we generate revenue from these products. It is possible that we may never generate any revenue from these products after incurring such expenditures. Even if a customer selects our product to incorporate into its equipment, we cannot assure you that the customer will ultimately market and sell its equipment or that such efforts by our customer will be successful. The delays inherent in our lengthy design cycle increase the risk that a customer will decide to cancel or change its product plans. Such a cancellation or change in plans by a customer could cause us to lose sales that we had anticipated.

While our design cycles are typically long, some of our product life cycles tend to be short as a result of the rapidly changing technology environment in which we operate. As a result, the resources devoted to product sales and marketing may not generate material revenue for us, and from time to time, we may need to write off excess and obsolete inventory. If we incur significant marketing expenses and investments in inventory in the future that we are not able to recover, and we are not able to mitigate those expenses, our operating results could be adversely affected. In addition, if we sell our products at reduced prices in anticipation of cost reductions but still hold higher cost products in inventory, our operating results would be harmed.

 

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An important part of our strategy is to continue our focus on the markets for communications and storage equipment. If we are unable to further expand our share of these markets, our revenues may not grow and could further decline.

Our markets frequently undergo transitions in which products rapidly incorporate new features and performance standards on an industry-wide basis. If our products are unable to support the new features or performance levels required by OEMs in these markets, or if our products fail to be certified by OEMs, we would lose business from an existing or potential customer and would not have the opportunity to compete for new design wins or certification until the next product transition occurs. If we fail to develop products with required features or performance standards, or if we experience a delay as short as a few months in certifying or bringing a new product to market, or if our customers fail to achieve market acceptance of their products, our revenues could be significantly reduced for a substantial period.

We expect a significant portion of our revenues to continue to be derived from sales of products based on current, widely accepted transmission standards. If the communications market evolves to new standards, we may not be able to successfully design and manufacture new products that address the needs of our customers or gain substantial market acceptance.

Customers for our products generally have substantial technological capabilities and financial resources. They traditionally use these resources to internally develop their own products. The future prospects for our products in these markets are dependent upon our customers’ acceptance of our products as an alternative to their internally developed products. Future prospects also are dependent upon acceptance of third-party sourcing for products as an alternative to in-house development. Network equipment vendors may in the future continue to use internally developed components. They also may decide to develop or acquire components, technologies or products that are similar to, or that may be substituted for, our products.

If our network equipment vendor customers fail to accept our products as an alternative, if they develop or acquire the technology to develop such components internally rather than purchase our products, or if we are otherwise unable to develop strong relationships with network equipment vendors, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be materially and adversely affected.

The discontinuance of our Fibre Channel host bus adapter products have resulted in a decline in revenue that we realize from sales of these products and we may incur significant costs due to customer obligations relating to these products.

In fiscal 2005, we discontinued our Fibre Channel host bus adaptor products designed to operate on Sun’s Solaris servers. These products accounted for a significant portion of our revenue from sales of storage products during fiscal 2005. Although sales of these products are no longer material, we continue to have obligations to customers that relate to these products, including obligations for warranty support, maintenance and repairs. Our ability to fulfill these obligations has been limited by previous reductions in force. These obligations while currently being met could expand and result in significantly increased liability, costs, and expenses.

Our industry and markets are subject to consolidation, which may result in stronger competitors, fewer customers and reduced demand.

There has been industry consolidation among communications IC companies, network equipment companies and telecommunications companies in the past. We expect this consolidation to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their positions in evolving markets. Consolidation may result in stronger competitors, fewer customers and reduced demand, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results, and financial condition.

 

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Our operating results are subject to fluctuations because we rely heavily on international sales.

International sales account for a significant part of our revenues and may account for an increasing portion of our future revenues. The revenues we derive from international sales may be subject to certain risks, including:

 

    foreign currency exchange fluctuations;

 

    changes in regulatory requirements;

 

    tariffs and other barriers;

 

    timing and availability of export licenses;

 

    political and economic instability;

 

    difficulties in accounts receivable collections;

 

    difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations;

 

    difficulties in managing distributors;

 

    difficulties in obtaining governmental approvals for communications and other products;

 

    reduced or uncertain protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

 

    longer payment cycles to collect accounts receivable in some countries;

 

    the burden of complying with a wide variety of complex foreign laws and treaties; and

 

    potentially adverse tax consequences.

We are subject to risks associated with the imposition of legislation and regulations relating to the import or export of high technology products. We cannot predict whether quotas, duties, taxes or other charges or restrictions upon the importation or exportation of our products will be implemented by the United States or other countries.

Because sales of our products have been denominated to date primarily in United States dollars, increases in the value of the United States dollar could increase the price of our products so that they become relatively more expensive to customers in the local currency of a particular country, leading to a reduction in sales and profitability in that country. Future international activity may result in increased foreign currency denominated sales. Gains and losses on the conversion to United States dollars of accounts receivable, accounts payable and other monetary assets and liabilities arising from international operations may contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations.

Some of our customer purchase orders and agreements are governed by foreign laws, which may differ significantly from laws in the United States. As a result, our ability to enforce our rights under such agreements may be limited compared with our ability to enforce our rights under agreements governed by laws in the United States.

Our cash and cash equivalents and portfolio of short-term investments are exposed to certain market risks.

We maintain an investment portfolio of various holdings, types of instruments and maturities. These securities are recorded on our consolidated balance sheets at fair value with unrealized gains or losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax. Our investment portfolio is exposed to market risks related to changes in interest rates and credit ratings of the issuers, as well as to the risks of default by the issuers. Substantially all of these securities are subject to interest rate and credit rating risk and will decline in value if interest rates increase or one of the issuers’ credit ratings is reduced. Increases in interest rates or decreases in the credit worthiness of one or more of the issuers in our investment portfolio could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition or results of operations.

 

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Our restructuring activities could result in management distractions, operational disruptions and other difficulties.

Over the past several years, we have initiated several restructuring activities in an effort to reduce operating costs. Employees whose positions were eliminated in connection with these restructuring plans may seek future employment with our customers or competitors. Although all employees are required to sign a confidentiality agreement with us at the time of hire, we cannot assure you that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment. Any additional restructuring efforts could divert the attention of our management away from our operations, harm our reputation and increase our expenses. We cannot assure you that we will not undertake additional restructuring activities, that any future restructuring efforts will be successful, or that we will be able to realize the cost savings and other anticipated benefits from our previous or future restructuring plans. In addition, if we continue to reduce our workforce, it may adversely impact our ability to respond rapidly to any new growth opportunities.

Our markets are subject to rapid technological change, so our success depends heavily on our ability to develop and introduce new products.

The markets for our products are characterized by:

 

    rapidly changing technologies;

 

    evolving and competing industry standards;

 

    changing customer needs;

 

    frequent new product introductions and enhancements;

 

    increased integration with other functions;

 

    long design and sales cycles;

 

    short product life cycles; and

 

    intense competition.

To develop new products for the communications, storage or other technology markets, we must develop, gain access to and use leading technologies in a cost-effective and timely manner and continue to develop technical and design expertise. We must have our products designed into our customers’ future products and maintain close working relationships with key customers in order to develop new products that meet customers’ changing needs. We must respond to changing industry standards, trends towards increased integration and other technological changes on a timely and cost-effective basis. Our pursuit of technological advances may require substantial time and expense and may ultimately prove unsuccessful. If we are not successful in introducing such advances, we will be unable to timely bring to market new products and our revenues will suffer.

Many of our products are based on industry standards that are continually evolving. Our ability to compete in the future will depend on our ability to identify and ensure compliance with these evolving industry standards. The emergence of new industry standards could render our products incompatible with products developed by major systems manufacturers. As a result, we could be required to invest significant time and effort and to incur significant expense to redesign our products to ensure compliance with relevant standards. If our products are not in compliance with prevailing industry standards or requirements, we could miss opportunities to achieve crucial design wins. If we fail to do so, we may not achieve design wins with key customers or may subsequently lose such design wins, and our business will significantly suffer because once a customer has designed a supplier’s product into its system, the customer typically is extremely reluctant to change its supply source due to significant costs associated with qualifying a new supplier.

 

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The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and we expect competition to increase in these markets in the future.

The markets in which we compete are highly competitive, and we expect that domestic and international competition will increase in these markets, due in part to deregulation, rapid technological advances, price erosion, changing customer preferences and evolving industry standards. Increased competition could result in significant price competition, reduced revenues, lower profit margins or loss of market share. Our ability to compete successfully in our markets depends on a number of factors, including:

 

    our ability to partner with OEM and channel partners who are successful in the market;

 

    success in designing and subcontracting the manufacture of new products that implement new technologies;

 

    product quality, interoperability, reliability, performance and certification;

 

    customer support;

 

    time-to-market;

 

    price;

 

    production efficiency;

 

    design wins;

 

    expansion of production of our products for particular systems manufacturers;

 

    end-user acceptance of the systems manufacturers’ products;

 

    market acceptance of competitors’ products; and

 

    general economic conditions.

Our competitors may offer enhancements to existing products, or offer new products based on new technologies, industry standards or customer requirements, that are available to customers on a more timely basis than comparable products from us or that have the potential to replace or provide lower cost alternatives to our products. The introduction of enhancements or new products by our competitors could render our existing and future products obsolete or unmarketable. We expect that certain of our competitors and other semiconductor companies may seek to develop and introduce products that integrate the functions performed by our IC products on a single chip, thus eliminating the need for our products. Each of these factors could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In the communications IC markets, we compete primarily against companies such as Agere, Broadcom, Intel, Mindspeed, PMC-Sierra and Vitesse. In the storage market, we primarily compete against companies such as Adaptec, Areca, Hewlett-Packard, LSI Logic, and Promise. Our embedded processor products compete against products from Freescale Semiconductor, IBM and Intel. Many of these companies have substantially greater financial, marketing and distribution resources than we have. Certain of our customers or potential customers have internal IC design or manufacturing capabilities with which we compete. We may also face competition from new entrants to the storage market, including larger technology companies that may develop or acquire differentiating technology and then apply their resources to our detriment. Any failure by us to compete successfully in these target markets, would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

The storage market continues to mature and become commoditized. To the extent that commoditization leads to significant pricing declines, whether initiated by us or by a competitor, we will be required to increase our product volumes and reduce our costs of goods sold to avoid resulting pressure on our profit margin for these products, and we cannot assure you that we will be successful in responding to these competitive pricing pressures.

 

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We do not have an internal wafer fabrication capability, which could result in unanticipated liability and reduced revenues.

During fiscal 2003, we closed our internal wafer fabrication facility and no longer have the ability to manufacture products internally. As a result, we are subject to substantial risks, including:

 

    if we have not effectively stored certain products manufactured in our internal facility before its closure, we may incur liability to these customers to whom we have committed to deliver such products; and

 

    we may be unable to repair or replace such products.

Our dependence on third-party manufacturing and supply relationships increases the risk that we will not have an adequate supply of products to meet demand or that our cost of materials will be higher than expected.

We depend upon third parties to manufacture, assemble or package certain of our products. As a result, we are subject to risks associated with these third parties, including:

 

    reduced control over delivery schedules and quality;

 

    inadequate manufacturing yields and excessive costs;

 

    difficulties selecting and integrating new subcontractors;

 

    potential lack of adequate capacity during periods of excess demand;

 

    limited warranties on products supplied to us;

 

    potential increases in prices;

 

    potential instability in countries where third party manufacturers are located; and

 

    potential misappropriation of our intellectual property.

Our outside foundries generally manufacture our products on a purchase order basis, and we have very few long-term supply arrangements with these suppliers. We have less control over delivery schedules, manufacturing yields and costs than competitors with their own fabrication facilities. A manufacturing disruption experienced by one or more of our outside foundries or a disruption of our relationship with an outside foundry, including discontinuance of our products by that foundry, would negatively impact the production of certain of our products for a substantial period of time.

Our IC products are generally only qualified for production at a single foundry. These suppliers can allocate, and in the past have allocated, capacity to the production of other companies’ products while reducing deliveries to us on short notice. There is also the potential that they may discontinue manufacturing our products or go out of business. Because establishing relationships, designing or redesigning ICs, and ramping production with new outside foundries may take over a year, there is no readily available alternative source of supply for these products.

Difficulties associated with adapting our technology and product design to the proprietary process technology and design rules of outside foundries can lead to reduced yields of our IC products. The process technology of an outside foundry is typically proprietary to the manufacturer. Since low yields may result from either design or process technology failures, yield problems may not be effectively determined or resolved until an actual product exists that can be analyzed and tested to identify process sensitivities relating to the design rules that are used. As a result, yield problems may not be identified until well into the production process, and resolution of yield problems may require cooperation between us and our manufacturer. This risk could be compounded by the offshore location of certain of our manufacturers, increasing the effort and time required to identify, communicate and resolve manufacturing yield problems. Manufacturing defects that we do not discover during the manufacturing or testing process may lead to costly product recalls. These risks may lead to increased costs or delayed product delivery, which would harm our profitability and customer relationships.

 

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If the foundries or subcontractors we use to manufacture our products discontinue the manufacturing processes needed to meet our demands, or fail to upgrade their technologies needed to manufacture our products, we may be unable to deliver products to our customers, which could materially adversely affect our operating results. The transition to the next generation of manufacturing technologies at one or more of our outside foundries could be unsuccessful or delayed.

Our requirements typically represent a very small portion of the total production of the third-party foundries. As a result, we are subject to the risk that a producer will cease production of an older or lower-volume process that it uses to produce our parts. We cannot assure you that our external foundries will continue to devote resources to the production of our products or continue to advance the process design technologies on which the manufacturing of our products are based. Each of these events could increase our costs and materially impact our ability to deliver our products on time.

Some companies that supply our customers are similarly dependent on a limited number of suppliers to produce their products. These other companies’ products may be designed into the same networking equipment into which our products are designed. Our order levels could be reduced materially if these companies are unable to access sufficient production capacity to produce in volumes demanded by our customers because our customers may be forced to slow down or halt production on the equipment into which our products are designed.

Our operating results depend on manufacturing output and yields of our ICs and printed circuit board assemblies, which may not meet expectations.

The yields on wafers we have manufactured decline whenever a substantial percentage of wafers must be rejected or a significant number of die on each wafer are nonfunctional. Such declines can be caused by many factors, including minute levels of contaminants in the manufacturing environment, design issues, defects in masks used to print circuits on a wafer, and difficulties in the fabrication process. Design iterations and process changes by our suppliers can cause a risk of defects. Many of these problems are difficult to diagnose, are time consuming and expensive to remedy, and can result in shipment delays.

We estimate yields per wafer and final packaged parts in order to estimate the value of inventory. If yields are materially different than projected, work-in-process inventory may need to be revalued. We may have to take inventory write-downs as a result of decreases in manufacturing yields. We may suffer periodic yield problems in connection with new or existing products or in connection with the commencement of production at a new manufacturing facility.

We may experience difficulties in transitioning to smaller geometry process technologies or in achieving higher levels of design integration and that may result in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses.

As smaller line width geometry processes become more prevalent, we expect to integrate greater levels of functionality into our IC products and to transition our IC products to increasingly smaller geometries. This transition will require us to redesign certain products and will require us and our foundries to migrate to new manufacturing processes for our products. We may not be able to achieve higher levels of design integration or deliver new integrated products on a timely basis. We periodically evaluate the benefits, on a product-by-product basis, of migrating to smaller geometry process technologies to reduce our costs and increase performance, and we have designed IC products to be manufactured at as little as .13 micron geometry processes. We have experienced some difficulties in shifting to smaller geometry process technologies and new manufacturing processes. These difficulties resulted in reduced manufacturing yields, delays in product deliveries and increased expenses. We may face similar difficulties, delays and expenses as we continue to transition our IC products to smaller geometry processes. We are dependent on our relationships with our foundries to transition to smaller geometry processes successfully. We cannot assure you that our foundries will be able to effectively manage the transition or that we will be able to maintain our relationships with our foundries. If we or our foundries experience significant delays in this transition or fail to implement this transition, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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We must develop or otherwise gain access to improved IC process technologies.

Our future success will depend upon our ability to improve existing IC process technologies or acquire new IC process technologies. In the future, we may be required to transition one or more of our IC products to process technologies with smaller geometries, other materials or higher speeds in order to reduce costs or improve product performance. We may not be able to improve our process technologies or otherwise gain access to new process technologies in a timely or affordable manner. Products based on these technologies may not achieve market acceptance.

The complexity of our products may lead to errors, defects and bugs, which could negatively impact our reputation with customers and result in liability.

Products as complex as ours may contain errors, defects and bugs when first introduced or as new versions are released. Our products have in the past experienced such errors, defects and bugs. Delivery of products with production defects or reliability, quality or compatibility problems could significantly delay or hinder market acceptance of the products or result in a costly recall and could damage our reputation and adversely affect our ability to retain existing customers and to attract new customers. Errors, defects or bugs could cause problems with device functionality, resulting in interruptions, delays or cessation of sales to our customers.

We may also be required to make significant expenditures of capital and resources to resolve such problems. We cannot assure you that problems will not be found in new products after commencement of commercial production, despite testing by us, our suppliers or our customers. Any problem could result in:

 

    additional development costs;

 

    loss of, or delays in, market acceptance;

 

    diversion of technical and other resources from our other development efforts;

 

    claims by our customers or others against us; and

 

    loss of credibility with our current and prospective customers.

Any such event could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A change in the accounting treatment of stock-based awards will adversely affect our results of operations.

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (“SFAS 123(R)”), Share-Based Payment which requires companies to expense employee stock options and other stock-based awards for financial reporting purposes. Pursuant to SFAS 123(R), we began valuing our employee stock option grants pursuant to an option valuation model in April 2006, and then amortizing that value against our reported earnings over the vesting period in effect for those options. Prior to our adoption of SFAS 123(R), we accounted for stock-based awards to employees in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and utilized the disclosure-only alternative of SFAS 123 and SFAS 148, each of which was superseded by SFAS 123(R). The change in accounting treatment resulting from SFAS 123(R) will materially and adversely affect our reported results of operations as stock-based compensation expense is charged directly against our reported earnings. For an illustration of the effect of the new accounting treatment on our recent results of operations, see Note 1 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

If our internal controls over financial reporting are not considered effective, our business and stock price could be adversely affected.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of the end of each fiscal year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our annual report on Form 10-K for that fiscal year. Section 404 also requires our independent registered public accounting firm to attest to, and report on, management’s assessment of our internal controls over financial reporting.

 

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Our management, including our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, does not expect that our internal controls over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud involving a company have been, or will be, detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and we cannot assure you that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

Our management has concluded, and our independent registered public accounting firm has attested, that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of March 31, 2006. In connection with the investigation of our historical stock option grant practices, we did identify material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting that existed in fiscal years prior to fiscal 2005. We cannot assure you that we or our independent registered public accounting firm will not identify a material weakness in our internal controls in the future. A material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting would require management and our independent registered public accounting firm to evaluate our internal controls as ineffective. If our internal controls over financial reporting are not considered effective, we may experience a loss of public confidence, which could have an adverse effect on our business and on the market price of our common stock.

Our future success depends in part on the continued service of our key senior management, design engineering, sales, marketing, and manufacturing personnel and our ability to identify, hire and retain additional, qualified personnel.

Our future success depends to a significant extent upon the continued service of our senior management personnel. The loss of key senior executives could have a material adverse effect on us. There is intense competition for qualified personnel in the semiconductor industry, in particular design, product and test engineers, and we may not be able to continue to attract and retain engineers or other qualified personnel necessary for the development of our business, or to replace engineers or other qualified personnel who may leave our employment in the future. There may be significant costs associated with recruiting, hiring and retention of personnel. Periods of contraction in our business may inhibit our ability to attract and retain our personnel. Loss of the services of, or failure to recruit, key design engineers or other technical and management personnel could be significantly detrimental to our product development or other aspects of our business.

In May 2004, we acquired IBM’s Embedded PowerPC business. In conjunction with that transaction, IBM transferred 51 of its PowerPC employees in France to us. The transfer was made pursuant to the “forced march” provisions of the French Labor Code. In October 2004, the IBM Works Council together with the trade union sued IBM, challenging the transfer of employees to us. In December 2005, the Court of Appeals in France ruled that the IBM PowerPC employees should not have been transferred to us. As a result, all of our PowerPC employees in France returned to IBM. IBM is currently providing transitional services to us from the employees who returned to IBM. We are in the process of hiring permanent replacements for these employees. However, we may be unable to locate and recruit qualified employees for these positions and the cost to re-staff the workforce may be significant and time-consuming.

To manage operations effectively, we will be required to continue to improve our operational, financial and management systems and to successfully hire, train, motivate, and manage our employees. The integration of future acquisitions would require significant additional management, technical and administrative resources. We cannot assure you that we would be able to manage our expanded operations effectively.

 

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Our ability to supply a sufficient number of products to meet demand could be severely hampered by a shortage of water, electricity or other supplies, or by natural disasters or other catastrophes.

The manufacture of our products requires significant amounts of water. Previous droughts have resulted in restrictions being placed on water use by manufacturers. In the event of a future drought, reductions in water use may be mandated generally and our external foundries’ ability to manufacture our products could be impaired.

Several of our facilities, including our principal executive offices, are located in California. In 2001, California experienced prolonged energy alerts and blackouts caused by disruption in energy supplies. As a consequence, California continues to experience substantially increased costs of electricity and natural gas. We are unsure whether these alerts and blackouts will reoccur or how severe they may become in the future. Many of our customers and suppliers are also headquartered or have substantial operations in California. If we, or any of our major customers or suppliers located in California, experience a sustained disruption in energy supplies, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our test and assembly facilities are located in San Diego, California and a significant portion of our manufacturing operations are located in Asia. These areas are subject to natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods. We do not have earthquake or business interruption insurance for these facilities, because adequate coverage is not offered at economically justifiable rates. A significant natural disaster or other catastrophic event could have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and operating results.

The effects of war, acts of terrorism or global threats, including, but not limited to, the outbreak of epidemic disease, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition. The continued threat of terrorism and heightened security and military action in response to this threat, or any future acts of terrorism, may cause further disruptions to local and global economies and create further uncertainties. To the extent that such disruptions or uncertainties result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the manufacture or shipment of our products, our business, operating results and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

We have been named as a party to several derivative action lawsuits arising from our internal option review, and we may be named in additional litigation, all of which could require significant management time and attention and result in significant legal expenses and may result in an unfavorable outcome which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

We are subject to a number of lawsuits purportedly on behalf of Applied Micro Circuits Corporation against certain of our current and former executive officers and board members, and we may become the subject of additional private or government actions. The expense of defending such litigation may be significant. The amount of time to resolve these lawsuits is unpredictable and defending ourselves may divert management’s attention from the day-to-day operations of our business, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows. In addition, an unfavorable outcome in such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and cash flows.

As a result of our option review and restatement, we are subject to investigations by the SEC and Department of Justice (“DOJ”), which may not be resolved favorably and has required, and may continue to require, a significant amount of management time and attention and accounting and legal resources, which could adversely affect our business, results of operations and cash flows.

The SEC and the DOJ are currently conducting investigations relating to our historical stock option grant practices. We have been responding to, and continue to respond to, inquiries from the SEC and DOJ. The period of time necessary to resolve the SEC and DOJ investigations is uncertain, and these matters could require significant management and financial resources which could otherwise be devoted to the operation of our business. If we are subject to an adverse finding resulting from the SEC and DOJ investigations, we could be

 

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required to pay damages or penalties or have other remedies imposed upon us. The restatement of our financial statements, the ongoing SEC and DOJ investigations and any negative outcome that may occur from these investigations could impact our relationships with customers and our ability to generate revenue. In addition, considerable legal and accounting expenses related to these matters have been incurred to date and significant expenditures may continue to be incurred in the future. The SEC and DOJ investigations could adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial position and cash flows.

The process of restating our financial statements, its associated disclosures, and complying with SEC requirements are subject to uncertainty and evolving requirements.

We are working with our independent registered public accounting firm and the SEC to make our filings comply with all related requirements. The issues surrounding the historical stock option grant practices are complex and the regulatory guidelines or requirements continue to evolve. There can be no assurance that further SEC and other requirements will not evolve and that we will not be required to further amend this filing. In addition to the cost and time to amend financial reports, such an amendment may have a material adverse affect on investors and our common stock price.

If we do not maintain compliance with Nasdaq listing requirements, our common stock could be delisted, which could have a material adverse effect on the trading price of our common stock and cause some investors to lose interest in our company.

As a result of our option investigation, we were delinquent in filing certain of our periodic reports with the SEC, and consequently we were not in compliance with Nasdaq’s Marketplace Rules. As a result, we underwent a review and hearing process with Nasdaq to determine our listing status. Nasdaq ultimately permitted our securities to remain listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market, but our securities could be delisted in the future if we do not maintain compliance with applicable listing requirements. Being delisted could affect our access to the capital markets and our ability to raise capital through alternative financing sources on terms acceptable to us or at all and could cause our investors, suppliers, customers and employees to lose confidence in us.

We could incur substantial fines or litigation costs associated with our storage, use and disposal of hazardous materials.

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals that were used in our manufacturing process. Any failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in the imposition of fines, the suspension of production or a cessation of operations. These regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment or incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations or clean up prior discharges. Since 1993, we have been named as a potentially responsible party (“PRP”) along with a large number of other companies that used Omega Chemical Corporation in Whittier, California to handle and dispose of certain hazardous waste material. We are a member of a large group of PRPs that has agreed to fund certain on-going remediation efforts at the Omega Chemical site. To date, our payment obligations with respect to these funding efforts have not been material, and we believe that our future obligations to fund these efforts will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results. Although we believe that we are currently in material compliance with applicable environmental laws and regulations, we cannot assure you that we are or will be in material compliance with these laws or regulations or that our future obligations to fund any remediation efforts, including those at the Omega Chemical site, will not have a material adverse effect on our business.

Environmental laws and regulations could cause a disruption in our business and operations.

We are subject to various state, federal and international laws and regulations governing the environment, including those restricting the presence of certain substances in electronic products and making manufacturers of those products financially responsible for the collection, treatment, recycling and disposal of certain products.

 

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Such laws and regulations have been passed in several jurisdictions in which we operate, including various European Union (“EU”) member countries. For example, the European Union has enacted the Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“RoHS”) and the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (“WEEE”) directives. RoHS prohibits the use of lead and other substances, in semiconductors and other products put on the market after July 1, 2006. The WEEE directive obligates parties that place electrical and electronic equipment on the market in the EU to put a clearly identifiable mark on the equipment, register with and report to EU member countries regarding distribution of the equipment, and provide a mechanism to take back and properly dispose of the equipment. There can be no assurance that similar programs will not be implemented in other jurisdictions resulting in additional costs, possible delays in delivering products, and even the discontinuance of existing and planned future product replacements if cost were to become prohibitive.

Our business strategy contemplates the acquisition of other companies, products and technologies. Merger and acquisition activities involve numerous risks and we may not be able to address these risks successfully without substantial expense, delay or other operational or financial problems.

Acquiring products, technologies or businesses from third parties is part of our business strategy. The risks involved with merger and acquisition activities include:

 

    potential dilution to our stockholders;

 

    use of a significant portion of our cash reserves;

 

    diversion of management’s attention;

 

    failure to retain or integrate key personnel;

 

    difficulty in completing an acquired company’s in-process research or development projects;

 

    amortization of acquired intangible assets and deferred compensation;

 

    customer dissatisfaction or performance problems with an acquired company’s products or services;

 

    costs associated with acquisitions or mergers;

 

    difficulties associated with the integration of acquired companies, products or technologies;

 

    difficulties competing in markets that are unfamiliar to us;

 

    ability of the acquired companies to meet their financial projections; and

 

    assumption of unknown liabilities, or other unanticipated events or circumstances.

Any of these risks could materially harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

As with past acquisitions, future acquisitions could adversely affect operating results. In particular, acquisitions may materially and adversely affect our results of operations because they may require large one-time charges or could result in increased debt or contingent liabilities, adverse tax consequences, substantial additional depreciation or deferred compensation charges. Our past purchase acquisitions required us to capitalize significant amounts of goodwill and purchased intangible assets. As a result of the slowdown in our industry and reduction of our market capitalization, we have been required to record significant impairment charges against these assets as noted in our financial statements. At March 31, 2006, we had $381.1 million of goodwill and purchased intangible assets. We cannot assure you that we will not be required to take additional significant charges as a result of an impairment to the carrying value of these assets, due to further declines in market conditions.

 

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Any acquisitions we make could disrupt our business and harm our results of operation and financial condition.

In August 2006, we acquired Quake Technologies, Inc, and we may make additional investments in or acquire other companies, products or technologies. These acquisitions involve numerous risks, including:

 

    problems combining or integrating the purchased operations, technologies or products;

 

    unanticipated costs;

 

    diversion of management’s attention from our core business;

 

    adverse effects on existing business relationships with suppliers and customers;

 

    risks associated with entering markets in which we have no or limited prior experience; and

 

    potential loss of key employees, particularly those of the acquired organizations.

In addition, in the event of any such investments or acquisitions, we could

 

    issue stock that would dilute our current stockholders’ percentage ownership;

 

    incur debt;

 

    assume liabilities;

 

    incur amortization or impairment expenses related to goodwill and other intangible assets; or

 

    incur large and immediate write-offs.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to successfully integrate any businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we might acquire. For example, with the acquisition of Quake, we acquired the technology necessary to introduce 10 Gigabit Ethernet physical layer chips and advance our efforts in the enterprise part of the market. 10 Gigabit Ethernet is an emerging technology, and we cannot assure you that this technology will be successful. In addition, several of our competitors have introduced similar products in the last quarter. If our customers do not purchase our new power amplifier modules, our development and integration efforts will have been unsuccessful, and our business may suffer.

Our subsidiary has been named as a defendant in litigation that could result in substantial costs and divert management’s attention and resources.

JNI Corporation, which we acquired in October 2003, has a number of pending lawsuits relating to alleged securities law violations and alleged breaches of fiduciary duty. We believe that the claims pending against JNI are without merit, and we have engaged in a vigorous defense against such claims. If we are not successful in our defense against such claims, we could be forced to make significant payments to the plaintiffs and their lawyers, and such payments could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations if not covered by our insurance carriers. Even if such claims are not successful, the litigation could result in substantial costs including, but not limited to, attorney and expert fees, and divert management’s attention and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business. Although insurers have paid defense costs to date, we cannot assure you that insurers will continue to pay such costs, judgments or other expenses associated with the lawsuit.

We may not be able to protect our intellectual property adequately.

We rely in part on patents to protect our intellectual property. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications or any future applications will be approved, or that any issued patents will adequately protect the intellectual property in our products, will provide us with competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties, or that if challenged, any such patent will be found to be valid or enforceable. Others may

 

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independently develop similar products or processes, duplicate our products or processes or design around any patents that may be issued to us.

To protect our intellectual property, we also rely on the combination of mask work protection under the Federal Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements, and licensing arrangements. Despite these efforts, we cannot assure you that others will not independently develop substantially equivalent intellectual property or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets or intellectual property, or disclose such intellectual property or trade secrets, or that we can meaningfully protect our intellectual property. A failure by us to meaningfully protect our intellectual property could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

We generally enter into confidentiality agreements with our employees, consultants and strategic partners. We also try to control access to and distribution of our technologies, documentation and other proprietary information. Despite these efforts, parties may attempt to copy, disclose, obtain or use our products, services or technology without our authorization. Also, former employees may seek employment with our business partners, customers or competitors and we you that the confidential nature of our proprietary information will be maintained in the course of such future employment. Additionally, former employees or third parties could attempt to penetrate our network to misappropriate our proprietary information or interrupt our business. Because the techniques used by computer hackers to access or sabotage networks change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques. As a result, our technologies and processes may be misappropriated, particularly in foreign countries where laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.

We could be harmed by litigation involving patents, proprietary rights or other claims.

Litigation may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights, to determine the validity and scope of the proprietary rights of others or to defend against claims of infringement or misappropriation. The semiconductor industry is characterized by substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources, including the attention of our management and technical personnel, and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We may be accused of infringing on the intellectual property rights of third parties. We have certain indemnification obligations to customers with respect to the infringement of third-party intellectual property rights by our products. We cannot assure you that infringement claims by third parties or claims for indemnification by customers or end users resulting from infringement claims will not be asserted in the future, or that such assertions will not harm our business.

Any litigation relating to the intellectual property rights of third parties would at a minimum be costly and could divert the efforts and attention of our management and technical personnel. In the event of any adverse ruling in any such litigation, we could be required to pay substantial damages, cease the manufacturing, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or obtain a license under the intellectual property rights of the third party claiming infringement. A license might not be available on reasonable terms.

From time to time, we may be involved in litigation relating to other claims arising out of our operations in the normal course of business. We cannot assure you that the ultimate outcome of any such matters will not have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition or operating results.

Our stock price is volatile.

The market price of our common stock has fluctuated significantly. In the future, the market price of our common stock could be subject to significant fluctuations due to general economic and market conditions and in response to quarter-to-quarter variations in:

 

    our anticipated or actual operating results;

 

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    announcements or introductions of new products by us or our competitors;

 

    anticipated or actual operating results of our customers, peers or competitors;

 

    technological innovations or setbacks by us or our competitors;

 

    conditions in the semiconductor, communications or information technology markets;

 

    the commencement or outcome of litigation or governmental investigations;

 

    changes in ratings and estimates of our performance by securities analysts;

 

    announcements of merger or acquisition transactions;

 

    management changes;

 

    our inclusion in certain stock indices; and

 

    other events or factors.

The stock market in recent years has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market prices of many high technology companies, particularly semiconductor companies. In some instances, these fluctuations appear to have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the affected companies. Any such fluctuation could harm the market price of our common stock.

The anti-takeover provisions of our certificate of incorporation and of the Delaware general corporation law may delay, defer or prevent a change of control.

Our board of directors has the authority to issue up to 2,000,000 shares of preferred stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences and privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by our stockholders. The rights of the holders of common stock will be subject to, and may be harmed by, the rights of the holders of any shares of preferred stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of preferred stock may delay, defer or prevent a change in control, as the terms of the preferred stock that might be issued could potentially prohibit our consummation of any merger, reorganization, sale of substantially all of our assets, liquidation or other extraordinary corporate transaction without the approval of the holders of the outstanding shares of preferred stock. The issuance of preferred stock could have a dilutive effect on our stockholders.

If we issue additional shares of stock in the future, it may have a dilutive effect on our stockholders.

We have a significant number of authorized and unissued shares of our common stock available. These shares will provide us with the flexibility to issue our common stock for proper corporate purposes, which may include making acquisitions through the use of stock, adopting additional equity incentive plans and raising equity capital. Any issuance of our common stock may result in immediate dilution of our stockholders.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

Not applicable.

 

Item 2. Properties.

Our corporate headquarters are located in a 150,000 square foot building in Sunnyvale, California that we own. The facility contains administration, sales and marketing, research and development and operations functions. We also lease a 90,000 square foot facility in San Diego, California for administration, sales, research and development and operation functions. In addition to these facilities, we lease additional domestic design facilities in Andover, Massachusetts, Austin, Texas, and Raleigh, North Carolina. We also lease a 62,000 square foot building in San Diego which is sub-leased to another company.

 

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At March 31, 2006, we also owned a 50,000 square foot building and the adjacent land in Andover, Massachusetts that we purchased in fiscal 2005. To date this building remains unoccupied and will be used for future expansion or sold. In November 2006, we accepted an offer to buy the building for approximately $4.8 million and expect the transaction to close in February 2007.

Our foreign leased locations consist of the following: Ottawa, Canada; Manchester and Cheshire, United Kingdom; Munich, Germany; Tokyo, Japan; Beijing, Shenzhen and Shanghai, the People’s Republic of China; and Taiwan.

The leased facilities comprise an aggregate of approximately 300,000 square feet. These facilities have lease terms expiring between 2007 and 2012. We believe that the facilities under lease by us will be adequate for at least the next 12 months.

For additional information regarding our obligations under property leases, see the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Report.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

The information set forth under Note 13 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Report, is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

No matters were submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2006.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol AMCC. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by Nasdaq for the periods indicated.

 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2005

   High    Low

First Quarter

   $ 6.40    $ 4.38

Second Quarter

   $ 5.25    $ 2.79

Third Quarter

   $ 4.35    $ 3.10

Fourth Quarter

   $ 4.37    $ 3.06

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2006

   High    Low

First Quarter

   $ 3.35    $ 2.50

Second Quarter

   $ 3.37    $ 2.57

Third Quarter

   $ 3.08    $ 2.32

Fourth Quarter

   $ 4.30    $ 2.51

At December 31, 2006, there were approximately 699 holders of record of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

We have never declared or paid cash dividends on shares of our common stock. We currently intend to retain all of our earnings, if any, for use in our business, for the purchases of our common stock or for the acquisitions of other businesses, assets, products or technologies. We do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

There were no sales of equity securities by us that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 during fiscal 2006.

Securities Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans

The information included in Part III, Item 12 of this report, is hereby incorporated herein by reference. For additional information on our stock incentive plans and activity, see Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part IV, Item 15 of this Report.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

There were no repurchases of our equity securities during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006.

 

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Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

Our Audit Committee has completed an internal investigation of our stock option granting practices since our initial public offering on November 25, 1997 through March 31, 2006. Based on the results of this investigation, we have concluded that the accounting measurement dates for certain stock option grants awarded during the fiscal years ended March 31, 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 differ from the measurement dates previously used to determine any stock-based compensation expense. Re-measuring these grants resulted in a restatement for six fiscal years ended March 31, 2004 and we have determined that we should have recognized approximately $95.2 million of pre-tax stock-based compensation expense that was not accounted for in our previously issued financial statements. In addition, we should have recorded approximately $20.9 million of income tax benefits. The revised measurement date and related tax benefits also resulted in a restatement to the March 31, 2005 balance sheet. The restatement had no impact on our consolidated statements of operations for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2005 or 2006 or on our previously reported revenues for any fiscal year. The restatement also had no impact on our previously reported cash positions as of any date.

The impact of the restatement, as discussed in the Explanatory Note, is set forth in the table below:

 

   
     

Stock Option Investigation
Values—Restatement

(in thousands)

 

Fiscal Year

   Pre-Tax
Adjustments
    Income Tax
Benefit
   Total
Impact
 

1999

   $ (55 )   $ —      $ (55 )

2000

     (27,673 )     10,181      (17,492 )

2001

     (21,893 )     5,515      (16,378 )

2002

     (35,376 )     5,171      (30,205 )

2003

     (9,131 )     —        (9,131 )
                         

Cumulative Effect at March 31, 2003

   $ (94,128 )   $ 20,867    $ (73,261 )
                         

2004

   $ (1,057 )   $ —      $ (1,057 )
                         

Total

   $ (95,185 )   $ 20,867    $ (74,318 )
                         

The following table sets forth selected financial data for each of our last five fiscal years ended March 31, 2006. You should read the selected financial data set forth in the attached table together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” contained elsewhere in this report.

 

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     Year Ended March 31,  
(in thousands, except per share amounts)    2006     2005     2004     2003     2002  
                 As
Restated
   

As

Restated

   

As

Restated

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

          

Net revenues

   $ 261,844     $ 253,756     $ 131,177     $ 101,591     $ 152,840  

Cost of revenues

     122,392       123,253       57,604       62,496       153,250  
                                        

Gross profit (loss)

     139,452       130,503       73,573       39,095       (410 )

Operating expenses:

          

Research and development

     91,080       118,665       112,594       131,909       154,622  

Selling, general and administrative

     58,396       59,821       45,121       59,588       75,656  

Stock-based compensation:

          

Research and development

     2,690       3,407       16,489       78,420       88,608  

Selling, general and administrative

     3,761       5,259       5,204       59,465       82,627  

Amortization of goodwill and purchased intangibles

     4,588       6,960       1,097       —         239,563  

Purchased intangible asset impairment charges

     —         27,330       —         204,284       —    

Goodwill impairment charges

     131,216       —         —         186,389       3,101,817  

Restructuring charges

     12,602       9,622       22,325       7,250       11,577  

Acquired in-process research and development

     —         13,400       21,800       —         —    

Litigation settlement, net

     —         29,250       —         —         —    
                                        

Total operating expenses

     304,333       273,714       224,630       727,305       3,754,470  
                                        

Operating loss

     (164,881 )     (143,211 )     (151,057 )     (688,210 )     (3,754,880 )

Interest income, net

     15,617       18,699       35,007       47,719       47,477  

Other income (expense), net

     256       —         8,340       (11,952 )     (14,592 )
                                        

Loss before income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting change

     (149,008 )     (124,512 )     (107,710 )     (652,443 )     (3,721,995 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

     (636 )     2,861       (1,776 )     —         (86,100 )
                                        

Loss before cumulative effect of accounting change

     (148,372 )     (127,373 )     (105,934 )     (652,443 )     (3,635,895 )

Cumulative effect of accounting change

     —         —         —         (102,229 )     —    
                                        

Net loss

   $ (148,372 )   $ (127,373 )   $ (105,934 )   $ (754,672 )   $ (3,635,895 )
                                        

Basic and diluted net loss per share:

          

Loss per share before cumulative effect of accounting change

   $ (0.49 )   $ (0.41 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (2.17 )   $ (12.18 )

Cumulative effect of accounting change

     —         —         —         (0.33 )     —    
                                        

Net loss per share

   $ (0.49 )   $ (0.41 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (2.50 )   $ (12.18 )
                                        

Shares used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share

     300,841       309,456       306,476       301,252       298,502  
                                        

 

     March 31,
     2006    2005    2004    2003    2002
               As
Restated
  

As

Restated

  

As

Restated

Consolidated Selected Balance Sheet Data:

              

Working capital

   $ 336,930    $ 396,258    $ 841,467    $ 1,021,175    $ 1,060,364

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

     381,066      534,514      240,193      88,219      590,610

Total assets

     825,426      1,102,395      1,188,103      1,223,588      1,829,193

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations including current portion

     —        34      303      1,265      2,283

Total stockholders’ equity

   $ 762,808    $ 977,198    $ 1,120,547    $ 1,172,188    $ 1,771,251

 

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The impact of the restatement and a comparison to the amounts originally reported are detailed in the table below:

 

    Year Ended March 31,  
(in thousands, except per share amounts)  

2004

   

2003

 
    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment     As
Restated
    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment    

As

Restated

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

           

Net revenues

  $ 131,177     $ —       $ 131,177     $ 101,591     $ —       $ 101,591  

Cost of revenues

    57,601       3       57,604       61,900       596       62,496  
                                               

Gross profit (loss)

    73,576       (3 )     73,573       39,691       (596 )     39,095  

Operating expenses:

           

Research and development

    112,594       —         112,594       131,909       —         131,909  

Selling, general and administrative

    45,121       —         45,121       59,588       —         59,588  

Stock-based compensation:

           

Research and development

    15,444       1,045       16,489       70,840       7,580       78,420  

Selling, general and administrative

    5,195       9       5,204       58,510       955       59,465  

Amortization of goodwill and purchased intangibles

    1,097       —         1,097       —         —         —    

Purchased intangible asset impairment charges

    —         —         —         204,284       —         204,284  

Goodwill impairment charges

    —         —         —         186,389       —         186,389  

Restructuring charges

    22,325       —         22,325       7,250       —         7,250  

Acquired in-process research and development

    21,800       —         21,800       —         —         —    
                                               

Total operating expenses

    223,576       1,054       224,630       718,770       8,535       727,305  
                                               

Operating loss

    (150,000 )     (1,057 )     (151,057 )     (679,079 )     (9,131 )     (688,210 )

Interest income, net

    35,007       —         35,007       47,719       —         47,719  

Other income (expense), net

    8,340       —         8,340       (11,952 )     —         (11,952 )
                                               

Loss before income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting changes

    (106,653 )     (1,057 )     (107,710 )     (643,312 )     (9,131 )     (652,443 )

Income tax benefit

    (1,776 )     —         (1,776 )     —         —         —    
                                               

Loss before cumulative effect of accounting changes

    (104,877 )     (1,057 )     (105,934 )     (643,312 )     (9,131 )     (652,443 )

Cumulative effect of accounting changes

    —         —         —         (102,229 )     —         (102,229 )
                                               

Net loss

  $ (104,877 )   $ (1,057 )   $ (105,934 )   $ (745,541 )   $ (9,131 )   $ (754,672 )
                                               

Basic and diluted net loss per share:

           

Loss per share before cumulative effect of accounting change

  $ (0.34 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (2.14 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (2.17 )

Cumulative effect of accounting change

    —         —         —         (0.33 )     —         (0.33 )
                                               

Net loss per share

  $ (0.34 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.35 )   $ (2.47 )   $ (0.03 )   $ (2.50 )
                                               

Shares used in calculating basic and diluted net loss per share

    306,476       306,476       306,476       301,252       301,252       301,252  
                                               

 

    March 31,  
    2004     2003  
    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment    

As

Restated

    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment    

As

Restated

 

Consolidated Selected Balance Sheet Data:

           

Additional paid-in capital

  $ 5,937,568     $ 74,318     $ 6,011,886     $ 5,908,063     $ 73,261     $ 5,981,324  

Accumulated deficit

  $ (4,822,184 )   $ (74,318 )   $ (4,896,502 )   $ (4,717,307 )   $ (73,261 )   $ (4,790,568 )

 

40


Table of Contents
    Year Ended March 31,  
(in thousands, except per share amounts)  

2002

   

2001

 
    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment    

As

Restated

    As
Previously
Reported
    Adjustment    

As

Restated

 

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

           

Net revenues

  $ 152,840     $ —       $ 152,840     $ 435,543     $ —       $ 435,543  

Cost of revenues

    150,924       2,326       153,250       165,986       717       166,703  
                                               

Gross profit (loss)

    1,916       (2,326 )     (410 )     269,557       (717 )     268,840  

Operating expenses:

           

Research and development

    154,622       —         154,622       105,178       —         105,178  

Selling, general and administrative

    75,656       —         75,656       69,172       —         69,172  

Stock-based compensation:

           

Research and development

    71,760       16,848       88,608       41,350       7,118       48,468  

Selling, general and administrative

    66,425       16,202       82,627       35,667       14,058       49,725  

Amortization of goodwill and purchased intangibles

    239,563       —         239,563       308,835       —         308,835  

Goodwill impairment charges

    3,101,817       —         3,101,817       —         —         —    

Restructuring charges

    11,577       —         11,577       —         —         —    

Acquired in-process research and development

    —         —         —         202,100       —         202,100  
                                               

Total operating expenses

    3,721,420       33,050       3,754,470       762,302       21,176       783,478  
                                               

Operating loss

    (3,719,504 )     (35,376 )     (3,754,880 )     (492,745 )     (21,893 )     (514,638 )

Interest income, net

    47,477       —         47,477       55,336       —         55,336  

Other income (expense), net

    (14,592 )     —         (14,592 )     113