10-K 1 d10k.htm FORM 10-K FOR APPLIED MICRO CIRCUITS CORPORATION Form 10-K for Applied Micro Circuits Corporation
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 


 

Form 10-K

 


 

(Mark One)

x   ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004

 

OR

 

¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

 

Commission file number: 000-23193

 


APPLIED MICRO CIRCUITS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 


 

Delaware   94-2586591
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

 

6290 Sequence Drive

San Diego, California 92121

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 450-9333

 


 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value

 


 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  x    NO  ¨

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    x

 

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of Exchange Act).    Yes  x    No  ¨

 

The aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the closing sale price of the Registrant’s common stock on September 30, 2003 as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, was approximately $1,485,820,000. Shares of Common Stock held by each officer and director and by each person who owns 10% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

 

There were 311,744,222 shares of the registrant’s Common Stock issued and outstanding as of May 31, 2004.

 

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Part III incorporates information by reference from the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the Registrant’s 2004 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on September 1, 2004.

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

PART I     

Item 1.

  

Business

   1

Item 2.

  

Properties

   15

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   15

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   17
PART II     

Item 5.

  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   18

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   19

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   22

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk

   55

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   56

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   56

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   56
PART III     

Item 10.

  

Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant

   57

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   57

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   57

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions

   58

Item 14.

  

Principal Accountant Fees and Services

   58
PART IV     

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K

   59

Signatures

   62

Financial Statements

   F-1


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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

All statements included or incorporated by reference in this report, other than statements or characterizations of historical fact, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report. Any statement that refers to an expectation, projection or other characterization of future events or circumstances, including the underlying assumptions, is a forward-looking statement. We use certain words and their derivatives such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “expect”, “estimate”, “predict”, “intend”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “future”, “potential”, and similar expressions in many of the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs, and other assumptions made by us. These statements and the expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and other assumptions on which they are based are subject to many risks and uncertainties and are inherently subject to change. We describe many of the risks and uncertainties that we face in the “Risk Factors” section in Item 7 and elsewhere in this report. We update our descriptions of the risks and uncertainties facing us in our periodic reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, known as the SEC, in which we report our financial condition and results for the quarter and fiscal year to date. Our actual results and actual events could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statement. Readers should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement.

 

PART I

 

Item 1.    Business.

 

In this annual report on Form 10-K, “Applied Micro Circuits Corporation”, “AMCC”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” and “our” refer to Applied Micro Circuits Corporation and all of our consolidated subsidiaries.

 

Applied Micro Circuits Corporation was incorporated and commenced operations in California in 1979. AMCC was reincorporated in Delaware in 1987. Our principal executive offices are located at 6290 Sequence Drive, San Diego, California 92121, and our phone number is 858-450-9333. Our website is located at www.amcc.com. The information that can be accessed on or through our website is not intended to be part of this report. Various documents concerning us that are electronically filed with or furnished to the SEC, including our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, and current reports on Form 8-K are available, free of charge, on our website. Our common stock trades on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol “AMCC”.

 

Overview

 

We design, develop and market technology products for the communications and storage equipment markets. Our products are essential for the transport, processing, switching, routing and storage of information worldwide. We utilize a combination of design expertise coupled with system-level knowledge and multiple technologies to offer integrated circuit, or IC, products, as well as printed circuit board assemblies or PCBAs, for these markets. We generate revenues in the communications market primarily through sales of our IC products to communications equipment manufacturers, such as Alcatel, Ciena, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, JDS Uniphase, Juniper, Lucent, Marconi, NEC, Nortel, Siemens, and Tellabs. In the storage market, we generate revenues primarily through sales of our host bus adaptor boards, or HBAs, to original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, such as EMC, Hitachi Data Systems, Network Appliance, StorageTek and Sun Microsystems.

 

In September 2003 and January 2004, we purchased assets and licensed intellectual property associated with IBM’s PowerPRS Switch Fabric product line (the PRS Business) for approximately $50 million in cash to complement our existing switch fabric product portfolio. In October 2003, we completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of JNI Corporation (JNI), a provider of Fibre Channel hardware and software products that are critical elements of storage networks, for approximately $196.4 million in cash. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire 3Ware, Inc. 3Ware provides high-performance, high capacity Serial ATA (SATA) storage solutions for emerging storage applications such as disk-to-disk backup, near-line storage, network-attached storage (NAS), video, and high-performance computing. Subsequent to year


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end, on April 1, 2004, we paid approximately $145.0 million in cash to complete this transaction. In addition, on April 13, 2004, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire intellectual property and a portfolio of assets associated with IBM’s 400 series of embedded PowerPC® standard products, (the Embedded Processor Business) for approximately $227.9 million in cash. The PowerPC 400 series product line delivers performance and a rich mix of features for Internet, communication, data storage, consumer and imaging applications. We plan to continue evaluating strategic opportunities as they arise, including business combinations, strategic relationships, capital infusions and the purchase and sale of assets.

 

Industry Background

 

The Communications Industry

 

Communications technology has evolved considerably over the last several years due to the substantial growth in the Internet and wireless communications. The emergence of new applications, such as wireless web devices, as well as the increase in demand for higher speed, higher bandwidth and remote network access have increased network bandwidth requirements.

 

The increase in volume and complexity of this network traffic has led to the development of new technologies for use in these networks. These technologies provide substantially greater transmission capacity, are less error prone and are easier to maintain than copper networks. For example, the Synchronous Optical Network, or SONET, standard in North America and Japan and the Synchronous Data Hierarchy, or SDH, standard in the rest of the world became the standards for the transmission of signals over optical fiber. The SONET/SDH standards facilitate high data integrity and improved network reliability, while reducing maintenance and other operation costs by standardizing interoperability among equipment from different vendors. With data and video traffic being added in abundance to voice traffic, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, or ATM, emerged as a transmission protocol complementary to SONET/SDH to optimize bandwidth utilization. With exponential increases in data traffic and very modest increases in voice traffic, data has become the dominant traffic over all networks today. Because of the bandwidth growth and cost pressures in today’s datacentric networks, more advanced optical networking technologies, such as Dense Wave Division Multiplexing, or DWDM, have been adopted. DWDM is the optical multiplexing of different wavelengths of light down a single fiber. Each wavelength is the equivalent of an independent optical channel. DWDM greatly increases the capacity of installed fiber. Complementing DWDM transmission capabilities are technologies such as optical Add-Drop Multiplexers, or ADMs, and cross-connects which can more efficiently switch large optical datapaths through the network. Other protocols, such as multi-protocol level switching, or MPLS, have emerged that are better suited for data traffic while providing for the low latency and quality of service needs of voice and video traffic. The SONET/SDH standards have also evolved to more efficiently handle these new protocols with general framing protocol and virtual concatenation. In addition, emerging technologies such as multi-service provisionary platforms, or MSPPs, and multi-service switches, or MSSs, allow for the convergence of voice and data.

 

The combination of increased traffic and emerging technologies has placed added pressure on the existing communications network infrastructure and made many systems’ architectures inadequate. In the late 1990’s, communication service providers and equipment suppliers were affected by the inadequacy of systems’ architectures and began investing in data networks to meet the rapidly growing demands of their customers. In addition, deregulation of the communications industry and privatization of many European carriers resulted in increased market competition. The abundance of available capital in the public and private markets accelerated the build-out of new network infrastructure. Additional telecommunication companies, or carriers were launched with the goal of capturing significant market share. All of these factors drove a significant increase in capital spending on networking equipment by both the incumbent and emerging carriers.

 

During this period of rapid expansion, our customers placed increased orders with us and their other suppliers to ensure that they had the components needed to fulfill the expected growth in demand for networking equipment. In retrospect, it appears that OEMs ordered more devices than they needed to secure component

 

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delivery. This resulted in inventory levels expanding at the OEMs, contract manufacturers, distributors, and component suppliers.

 

This environment changed suddenly at the end of our fiscal 2001. As capital markets tightened, the communications industry and the overall economy began to slow down. Many of the incumbent carriers decreased capital expenditures on networking equipment in an effort to stabilize their financial condition and many of the emerging carriers were unable to attract sufficient customers and failed.

 

Due to this downturn, we experienced a significant drop in sales and orders of our products, and a sharp increase in order cancellations during fiscal 2002 and 2003. Over the last three fiscal years, we have focused on reducing our expenses, maintaining our strong position in the communications IC market by strategically investing in new products and more recently diversifying our business into other growth markets, such as the storage market.

 

The Storage Industry

 

The volume of business-critical data generated, processed, stored and manipulated has grown dramatically over the last decade. Managing the increase in stored data is one of the most important challenges for organizations today. Traditionally, enterprises accessed stored networked data using a server-centric architecture known as direct attached storage. In this architecture, a single server controls access to each storage device, and stored data is only available to applications running on the server directly connected to the storage device. For large enterprises that rely on significant storage networks, this creates a bottleneck that can degrade overall network performance, drain server processing power, complicate network management and increase costs. To address these issues, large enterprises have deployed emerging networked storage architectures, including Storage Area Networks, or SANs, to access, share and manage data storage. A SAN is a dedicated network of interconnected servers and data storage devices using a switching element to enable data sharing at gigabit speeds. SANs provide an open, scalable platform for storage access in data intensive environments.

 

The rapid adoption of SANs was made possible by the emergence of the Fibre Channel interconnect protocol. Fibre Channel is a computer communications protocol designed to meet the many requirements related to the increasing demand for high performance information transfer. As a result of its broad range of features, many industry analysts consider Fibre Channel to be the most reliable and scalable communications technology available today for high speed transmissions of blocks of data. Because Fibre Channel technology is so effective in handling data block transmissions, it can be implemented in a wide variety of applications, including enterprise resource planning, digital video transmission and editing and data warehousing. To date, Fibre Channel technology has been most widely accepted and deployed in SANs, but a number of next generation technologies are currently under development, including iSCSI, that are expected to provide new alternatives for server to storage connectivity that have the potential to expand the adoption and flexibility of SANs.

 

The Communications IC and Storage Opportunities

 

Communications IC

 

Industry analysts report that network traffic continues to grow. The continuing adoption of broadband technology and next-generation wireless devices is expected to drive additional data traffic through the network infrastructure in the future. To address these opportunities, OEMs are looking to develop systems that are more economically suitable to capitalize on these opportunities. To achieve the performance and functionality required by such systems, these OEMs must utilize more complex ICs to address both the cost and functionality of a system. As a result of the pace of new product introductions, the proliferation of standards to be accommodated and the costs and difficulty of designing and producing the required ICs, equipment suppliers have increasingly outsourced these ICs to semiconductor firms with specialized expertise. These trends have created a significant opportunity for IC suppliers that can design cost-effective solutions for the transmission of data. IC suppliers must utilize a variety of skills and technologies to satisfy the requirements of communications OEMs. These OEMs require IC suppliers that possess system-level expertise and can quickly bring to market high-

 

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performance, highly reliable, power-efficient ICs. These OEMs seek suppliers with a wide skills base including both analog and digital expertise to provide a more complete solution that enables faster integration into the system design and higher performance.

 

Application specific integrated circuits, or ASICs, are custom products that are designed for only a single customer or OEM, and can be sold only to that OEM. Application specific standard products, or ASSPs, are standards based products that are designed for, and can be used by, multiple OEMs. Our customers are looking for ways to accelerate their time-to-market, reduce research and development cost, and ensure interoperability of components in their systems. ASSPs generally can be designed into the systems and brought to market in less time and for less cost. We believe that as more companies realize the development cost and time-to-market benefits that ASSPs provide, they will be more apt to use ASSPs in the future. Most of our products are ASSPs, and we believe that the trend towards greater usage of ASSPs in communications and storage area network systems will continue.

 

Storage

 

The proliferation of the Fibre Channel standard for SAN has resulted in the increased need for Fibre Channel equipment and software. Servers and other storage elements are connected in a SAN through the use of Host Bus Adaptors, or HBAs. The HBA market has been growing steadily over the past five years as the need for networked storage has increased. The major OEM’s providing networked storage solutions typically use HBAs developed and manufactured by outside companies such as us, Emulex and Qlogic. It is important to storage users that the HBAs interoperate with a variety of servers, storage elements and switches. Thus, a great deal of attention is placed on ensuring this interoperability. This emphasis on interoperability places high barriers to entry into the HBA market and requires products which have been proven in field applications, as well as large, capital-intensive interoperability labs.

 

In addition to HBAs, the other equipment elements within a SAN contain a significant amount of IC content. The functions of these ICs include Fibre Channel interconnect, control, management, and switching. The growing demand for networked storage has fueled the development of new technologies targeted to capitalize on this growing opportunity. Such technologies include 4 Gigabits per second, or Gbps Fibre channel, iSCSI and SATA storage. The emergence of new technologies and faster, more complex storage networks requires the storage providers, or OEMs, to develop systems that achieve the performance and functionality required by such systems. Accordingly, these OEMs must utilize more complex ICs. As a result of the pace of new product introductions, the proliferation of standards to be accommodated and the costs and difficulty of designing and producing the required ICs, equipment suppliers are outsourcing these ICs to semiconductor firms with specialized expertise. These trends have created an opportunity for IC suppliers that can design cost-effective solutions for the storage environment. IC suppliers must utilize a variety of skills and technologies to satisfy the requirements of networked storage OEMs. These OEMs require IC suppliers that possess system-level expertise and can quickly bring to market high-performance, highly reliable, cost and power-efficient ICs.

 

AMCC Strategy

 

Our objective is to be the leading supplier of technology products for the transport, switching, routing and storage of information worldwide. Our strategy for achieving this objective includes:

 

Focus on the Market Leading Systems within the Communications and Storage Markets

 

We target key OEM product families that hold significant and/or rapidly growing market share. We have built substantial competencies focused on the specific requirements of these key OEM product families in the areas of semiconductor process technology, mixed-signal, very dense digital design, and substantial expertise in systems architecture, software and applications support. We believe that the integration of these capabilities enables us to optimize solutions addressing the high-bandwidth connectivity requirements of market leading equipment suppliers.

 

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Acquire Complementary Businesses, Products or Technologies

 

A key element of our business strategy involves acquiring new businesses, products or technologies that allow us to reduce the time required to develop and bring to market new technologies and products, complement our existing product offerings, expand our market coverage, or enhance our technological capabilities. In September 2003 and January 2004, we purchased assets and licensed intellectual property associated with IBM’s PowerPRS Switch Fabric product line for approximately $50.0 million in cash to complement our existing switch fabric product portfolio. In October 2003, we completed the acquisition of all of the outstanding shares of JNI Corporation, a provider of Fibre Channel hardware and software products that are critical SAN elements, for approximately $196.4 million in cash. In April 2004, we acquired 3ware, Inc. for approximately $145.0 million in cash, which expanded our product offerings in the storage market. In May 2004, we purchased assets and licensed intellectual property associated with IBM’s 400 series of embedded PowerPC standard products for approximately $227.9 million in cash to complement our existing product portfolio in both the communications and storage markets. We plan to continue evaluating strategic opportunities as they arise, including business combinations, strategic relationships, capital infusions and the purchase and sale of assets.

 

Increase the Number of Products we Provide to Address Specific Protocols and Networking Functions

 

We focus our new product development efforts and acquisition activities on product lines that are complementary to our current product portfolio in order to broaden the number of products we provide to address specific protocols and networking functions. For example, our current product offerings include physical layer products, overhead processor products, and higher layer products for communications applications, and HBAs and RAID controllers for enterprise storage applications. Both communications and enterprise storage applications may use general purpose processors, like the 400 series PowerPC processors acquired from IBM in May 2004. We believe that we will be able to increase our sales to existing customers and increase our market share in the communications and storage enterprise markets by taking advantage of product synergies and integration opportunities.

 

Increase our Market Share in Non-Solaris Storage Environments

 

Our HBAs have achieved their greatest market acceptance in computing environments built with high-end servers from Sun Microsystems due to our products’ interoperability with the Sun Solaris operating system. To increase our revenues and grow our storage business we are focusing significant marketing and qualification efforts on building market share with our newer products that interoperate with other operating systems.

 

Provide a Time-to-Market and Development Cost Advantage to Our Communications Equipment OEMs

 

Due to the extended downturn in the communications industry, our OEM customers have become more efficient with their engineering resources and have significantly cut equipment development budgets. Our strategy is to provide our customers with a complete portfolio of IC products. We believe this comprehensive solution strategy provides our customers with guaranteed interoperability, pre-designed subsystems, better cost economics, and system-level expertise. The result for the OEM is faster time-to-market, better performance and lower development cost. To continue these customer benefits in future generations of products, we are pursuing an aggressive product integration strategy to provide greater functionality in fewer ICs.

 

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Products and Customers

 

Communications Products

 

Our semiconductor products are used in a wide variety of communications equipment, including routers, optical and digital cross connects, next-generation voice and media gateways, ADMs, MSPPs, MSSs, digital subscriber line access multiplexers, or DSLAMs and wireless base stations and access points. We provide our customers with a complete portfolio of IC products, including physical layer products such as transceivers, overhead processing products such as framers and mappers, and higher layer products such as network processors, traffic managers and switch fabrics. We have different types of communications IC products which are categorized by the order in which they receive and transmit signals and information within communication equipment. These categories are:

 

Physical Layer:    Our physical layer ICs transmit and receive signals in a very high-speed serial format and reduce overall system “noise” through the inclusion of highly efficient dispersion compensation methodologies. This low noise capability permits the transmission of signals over greater distances with fewer errors. Our physical layer ICs also convert high-speed serial formats to low-speed parallel formats for the framing layer and vice versa.

 

We introduced our first generation of physical layer products in 1993. We have since developed several generations of these products improving cost, power, functionality, and performance. During fiscal 2004, we introduced the S19235 and S19237 10 Gbps Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, or CMOS, Transceiver devices, the S3394, our next generation Electronic Dispersion Compensation device as part of the DispersionXX system solution, and a new OC3/OC12 Transceiver device called the S1213. Our current customers for physical layer products include Alcatel, Ciena, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, JDS Uniphase, Juniper, Lucent, Marconi, Nortel, Tellabs, Huawei, and ZTE.

 

Framing Layer:    Our framing layer ICs transmit and receive signals to and from the physical layer in a parallel format and are used in high-speed transmission equipment, MSPPs, ADMs, digital and optical cross-connects, edge and core routers, and DWDM. These ICs support a number of functions, including framing, overhead processing payload synchronization, performance monitoring, forward error correction, and mapping the data payload to/from the transmission format. The framing layer ICs then pass the data either directly to a switch fabric product, which switches the information to its destination, or to a network processor, which further processes the data prior to forwarding it to a switch fabric product. Framing layer ICs also process signals received from the network processing and switching layers for transmission to the physical layer on their return to the optical network.

 

In fiscal 2004 we introduced our second generation enhanced forward error correction device called Rubicon. We also introduced our first Local Area Network, or LAN Protocol Mapping device called Volta, which allows our customers’ systems to map LAN signals (like Gigabit Ethernet or Fibre Channel) into the existing Wide Area Network, or WAN, infrastructure for transport across the WAN network. We also introduced the Evros and Tigris devices as part of our multi-sourcing switching solution for high density termination of data services utilizing Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy, or PDH/SONET/SDH protocols. Our current customers for framing layer products include Ciena, Cisco, Lucent, Marconi, NEC, Nortel, Tellabs, Fujitsu, Huawei, and ZTE.

 

Network Processing and Traffic Manager Layer:    Our network processor ICs are software programmable processors that receive and transmit signals from and to the framing layer and perform the processing of packet and cell headers, including such functions as real-time parsing, matching and table look-up, as well as bit stream manipulations, such as adding, deleting, substituting, appending and pre-pending. They can perform intelligent packet classification for policy-based network services. Our traffic managers interface with the network processors and perform the queuing and buffering functions required on packets and cells. Traffic managers usually interface with network processors on one side and switch fabric devices on the other.

 

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During fiscal 2004, we announced the nP3700, an integrated 5Gbps network processor and traffic management device. Along with the application software stacks, it supports a mix of DSI Layer-2 protocols on all client channels. In addition to high-performance packet processing and fine-grained traffic management, the nP3700 includes specialized co-processors that perform functions such as classification, policing, and coherent database management for excellent line-rate performance for a broad range of applications from DSLAMs, Edge Routers, MSSs and MSPPs. Our current customers for network processors and traffic manager devices include Alcatel, Cisco, Fujitsu, Nortel, Lucent, Huawei and Juniper.

 

Switching Layer:    Our switch fabric ICs switch the information in the proper priority and to the proper destinations. During fiscal 2004, we broadened our portfolio of switch fabric devices by acquiring the PRS business from IBM. The PRS business includes packet routing switch fabric devices such as the PRS 28.4G, PRS 64G, 64Gu and the Q-64G. The PRS business also includes queuing managers like UDASL, C48 and C192. In addition, we introduced a new PRS 80G / C48X and C192X switch devices delivering higher overspeed for demanding Ethernet and Packet over SONET applications. Our current customers for switching layer products include Alcatel, CNT/Inrange, Fujitsu, Huawei, Lucent, Maranti, Marconi, Mitsubishi, Motorola, Nortel, Siemens and Tellabs.

 

Storage Products

 

Our current products for the storage product include a suite of Fibre Channel HBAs, InfiniBand connectivity modules, and adaptor based Peripheral Component Interconnect, or PCI, Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks, or RAID, solutions for parallel and serial ATA storage.

 

Fibre Channel HBAs:    We design, manufacture and sell a suite of Fibre Channel HBAs, management software and related device driver software. An HBA is a PCBA that fits standard sockets on motherboards for servers and workstations that enable high-speed data transfer within the SAN. Communication between the HBA and the operating system is regulated by device driver software that is included with the HBA. The device driver software also provides a high-reliability data path from a user’s application to a storage device across a SAN. Working in conjunction with our device driver software, our HBAs work in many SAN topologies, interoperate with major operating systems and can be used with the PCI, PCI-X, cPCI, PCI express and SBus interfaces. Our HBAs are widely deployed in demanding SAN environments by Global 1000 enterprises.

 

We offer Fibre Channel HBAs in a variety of price, performance and feature sets. Our FibreStar products incorporate our proprietary ASICs. Our ASICs were the first Fibre Channel controllers to operate at a 2 Gb rate. They incorporate an efficient, proprietary data flow architecture and a high performance embedded processor that enables a highly integrated Fibre Channel subsystem design that delivers full Fibre Channel bandwidth. We also sell the ASICs separately to OEMs for products such as SAN controllers for disk arrays, tape libraries, switches and other SAN devices.

 

The FibreStar line of products is designed with high-performance, cut-through architecture, low CPU utilization, a highly efficient physical layer design and a modular software structure. Our PC Server DriverSuite is a single, integrated software driver platform that enables our FibreStar HBAs to operate under all major PC server operating systems, including Microsoft Windows 2003 and Windows 2000. The Unix DriverSuite complements the PC Server DriverSuite and is designed to allow FibreStar HBAs to operate in demanding Unix environments, including Solaris and Linux. We also offer our EZ Fibre management software with our HBAs to simplify the installation and configuration of HBAs in SANs and to provide diagnostic and monitoring information to SAN administrators.

 

HCA Modules:    A host channel adapter, or HCA, is an interface that resides within a server and communicates directly with the server’s memory and processor as well as with the InfiniBand network fabric. When placed on a PCBA similar to a HBA, it is referred to as an HCA module under the naming guidelines set forth by the InfiniBand Architecture specification. An HCA module guarantees delivery of data, performs

 

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advance memory access and can recover from transmission errors. Our HCA products combine Mellanox Technologies’ InfiniBridge 10 Gb ASIC with our driver software technology. The dual-port IBX-4x02 achieves 10 Gb data link speeds in each direction for each 4x port. In full duplex mode, the result is a total of 40 Gb speed per HCA module. Our HCA IBX-4x02 was the first high performance 10 Gb InfiniBand HCA module delivered to market.

 

RAID Connectors:    PCI RAID Adaptors. Through our acquisition of 3ware, we design, manufacture and sell a host of PCI RAID adaptors for both parallel and serial ATA storage. A PCI RAID adaptor is a PCBA that fits standard sockets on motherboards for servers and enables high reliability access and storage of data onto storage disk drives. Communication between the adapter and the operating system is regulated by device driver software that is included with the adapter. Our adaptors operate with Linux and Windows operating systems with various performance, port counts and functionality. We implement our RAID functionality using a 5th generation packet-switched RAID architecture, StorSwitchTM. This architecture is implemented in proprietary ASICs we developed.

 

The 3ware 7000 series is a parallel ATA adaptor first introduced in 1999. The 8000 series when introduced in August, 2002 was the industry’s first SATA RAID adaptor. The 8000 series provides very high data transfer rates while performing RAID functionality and is available in 2, 4, 8 and 12 port configurations. In April 2004, we introduced the 9000 series of SATA RAID controllers. The 9000 series enables a new class of SATA RAID storage solutions for rich media content servers. The 9000 series is available in 4, 8 and 12 port configurations.

 

Embedded Processor Products

 

Through our acquisition of the Embedded Processor Business in May 2004, we have enhanced our standard products portfolio for the communications and storage markets, and have also diversified into other markets which make use of embedded processors. Our embedded processor products are comprised of approximately 150 ICs which utilize IBM’s PowerPC 4xx processor cores in various speed grades, together with many different functions, to perform numerous tasks in products sold by our customers. Our customers in the communications market utilize these products in applications including wireless base stations, access points, networking hubs, edge routers and switches. Our customers in the storage market utilize these products in controllers, switches, adapters, servers, RAID systems and work stations. Our customers in the pervasive computing market utilize these products in printers, internet access and gaming devices.

 

Automated Test Equipment, Military and High-Speed Computing Products

 

We are not currently developing new products for the Automated Test Equipment, or ATE, or military markets, but we continue to sell ASIC products to customers such as Agilent, Harris, IBM, LTX, Northrop Grumman, Raytheon, Schlumberger, Teradyne and Texas Instruments. The majority of these products were manufactured in our internal wafer manufacturing facility, which closed in fiscal 2003. During fiscal 2004, we continued to fill last-time-buy orders for these products. Our high-speed computing products were not manufactured in our internal wafer manufacturing facility, and we will continue to sell these products for the foreseeable future. The revenue from such products is expected to be modest.

 

Technology

 

We utilize our technological and design competencies to solve the problems of high-speed analog, digital and mixed-signal circuit designs for optical communications systems and provide the essential technology products for the transport, switching, routing and storage of information worldwide. We blend systems and software expertise with high-performance, high-bandwidth silicon integration to deliver communications ICs and software for global Communication Networks, Fibre Channel HBAs for SANs, and hardware and software solutions for high-growth storage markets such as SATA RAID.

 

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Knowledge of Communications ICs and Enterprise Storage

 

Our systems architects, design engineers and technical marketing and applications engineers have a thorough understanding of the fiber optic communications and enterprise storage systems for which we design and build ASSPs. Using this systems expertise, we develop semiconductor and storage connectivity devices to meet the OEMs’ high-bandwidth requirements. By understanding the systems into which our products are designed, we believe that we are better able to anticipate and develop solutions optimized for the various cost, power and performance trade-offs faced by our customers. We believe that our systems knowledge also enables us to develop more comprehensive, interoperable solutions. This allows us to develop products that fulfill customers’ system needs from fiber-through-switch fabrics, enabling faster integration into their products.

 

Design of Communications ICs and Storage Solutions

 

We have developed multiple generations of products that integrate both analog and digital elements on the same IC, while balancing the difficult trade-offs of speed, power and timing inherent in very dense high-speed applications. We were one of the first companies to embed analog phase locked loops in bipolar chips with digital logic for high-speed data transmission and receiver applications. Since the introduction of our first on-chip clock recovery and clock synthesis products in 1993, we have refined these products and have successfully integrated multiple analog functions and multiple channels on the same IC. The mixing of digital and analog signals poses difficult challenges for IC designers, particularly at high frequencies. We have gained significant expertise in mixed-signal IC designs through the development of multiple product generations. We will continue to apply these competencies in the development of more complex products in the future.

 

We have developed storage connectivity products that interoperate with all SAN topologies and major operating systems and interfaces. We were the first company to offer Fibre Channel controllers that operate at a 2 Gbps rate and were the first to deliver a high performance 10 Gbps InfiniBand HCA module to market. We intend to continue working closely with leaders in the storage, networking and computing industries to design and develop new and enhanced storage connectivity products. We believe that establishing strategic relationships with technology partners is essential to ensure that we continue to design and develop competitive products that integrate well with solutions from other leading participants in the storage markets.

 

Research and Development

 

Our research and development expertise and efforts are focused on the development of high-performance analog, digital and mixed-signal IC’s for the communications and storage markets, Fibre Channel host bus adapters and related software drivers and tools for storage applications, and hardware and software solutions for storage markets such as SATA RAID. We also develop high-performance libraries and design methodologies that are optimized for these applications. Our primary research and development facilities are located in San Diego and Sunnyvale, California and Andover, Massachusetts in the United States; LaGaude, France and Netanya, Israel. During the fiscal years ended March 31, 2004, 2003 and 2002, we expended $112.6 million, $131.9 million and $154.6 million on research and development activities, respectively.

 

Our IC product development is focused on building high-performance, high-gate-count digital and analog-intensive designs that are incorporated into well-documented blocks that can be reused for multiple products. We have made, and will continue to make, significant investments in advanced design tools to leverage our engineering staff. Our product development is driven by the imperatives of reducing design cycle time, increasing first-time design correctness, adhering to disciplined, well documented design processes, and continuing to be responsive to customer needs. We are also developing high-performance final assembly packages for our products in collaboration with our packaging suppliers and our customers.

 

Our PCBA product development efforts are focused on building high-performance Fibre Channel HBA and SATA RAID adaptors, and related software drivers, tools and products. Before a new product is developed, our

 

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research and development engineers work with marketing managers and customers to develop a comprehensive requirements specification. After the product is designed and commercially released, our engineers continue to work with customers on early design-in efforts to understand requirements for future generations and upgrades. We have established a system integration lab, or SIL, in San Diego to provide comprehensive functional and system level integration/interoperability testing between our connectivity products and various computer platforms and network environments. To facilitate expanded market penetration of our products and technology, our integration test methodologies and software are continually evolving as we strive to deliver best in class testing capabilities that we can offer to major storage suppliers and OEMs. We conduct functionality testing at our SIL in formal, repeatable processes using documented product specifications and features to verify the operation of both our hardware and our software. The overall goal is to ensure enterprise class performance and interoperability in real world deployments.

 

Manufacturing

 

Manufacturing of Integrated Circuits

 

The manufacturing of ICs requires a combination of competencies in advanced silicon technologies, package design and manufacturing, and high speed test and characterization. We have obtained access to advanced CMOS and SiGe processes through foundry relationships. We have substantial experience in the development and use of plastic and ceramic packages for high-performance applications. The selection of the optimal package solution is a vital element of the delivery of high-performance products and involves balancing cost, size, thermal management, and technical performance. We purchase our ceramic packages from several vendors including IBM, Kyocera America, Motorola and NTK Ceramics and our plastic packaging from Amkor, ASE, ASAT and IBM.

 

 

Wafer Fabrication

 

During fiscal 2003, we closed our internal wafer fabrication facility in San Diego. As a result, we are a fabless company, meaning we do not own or operate foundries for the production of silicon wafers from which our products are made. We will continue to use external foundries such as IBM, Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation, or TSMC, and United Microelectronics Corporation, or UMC, for a majority of our production of silicon wafers. Subcontracting our manufacturing requirements eliminates the high fixed cost of owning and operating a semiconductor wafer fabrication facility and enables us to focus our resources on design and test applications where we believe we have greater core competencies and competitive advantages.

 

Assembly and Testing

 

Our wafer probe and other product testing is conducted at our internal testing facility as well as at independent test subcontractors. After testing is complete, the majority of our products are sent to multiple subcontractors located in Asia and the United States for assembly. Following assembly, some of the devices are tested at the subcontractors and returned to us ready for shipment to our customers; or to us for final testing and marking prior to shipment to customers. Certain of these services are available from a limited number of sources and lead times are occasionally extended.

 

Manufacturing of Printed Circuit Board Assemblies

 

We believe most component parts used in our Fibre Channel HBAs and RAID adaptors are standard off-the-shelf items which can be purchased from two or more sources, other than our proprietary ASICs and certain integrated circuits. We select suppliers on the basis of functionality, manufacturing capacity, quality and cost. Whenever possible and practicable, we strive to have at least two manufacturing locations for each product. Our contract manufacturers generally purchase the components for our products, and assemble them to our specifications.

 

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Sales and Marketing

 

Our sales and marketing strategy is to develop strong, engineering-intensive relationships with the design teams of the market leading platforms at our customers. We maintain close working relationships with these customers so our marketing team can focus on identifying and developing new products that will meet their needs in the future, involving us in the early stages of our customers plans to design new equipment. We sell our products both directly and through a network of independent manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. Our direct sales force is technically trained. Expert technical support is critical to our customers’ success and we provide such support through our field applications engineers, technical marketing team and engineering staff, as well as through our extranet technical support web site.

 

We augment this strategic account sales approach with domestic and foreign distributors that service primarily smaller accounts purchasing standard products. In North America, we have one primary distributor. Internationally, we sell our products through manufacturers’ representatives and distributors. Typically, these distributors handle a wide variety of products, including those that compete with our products, and fill orders for many customers. Most of our sales to distributors are made under agreements allowing for price protection and right of return on stipulated quantities of unsold merchandise. Our sales headquarters is located in San Diego, California. We maintain sales offices throughout the world. Net revenues generated from each category of our products is summarized in Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Information regarding net revenue generated from each of our significant customers, as well as domestic and foreign revenue from the sale of our products, is provided in Note 10 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

Backlog

 

Our sales are made primarily pursuant to standard purchase orders for the delivery of products. Quantities of our products to be delivered and delivery schedules are frequently revised to reflect changes in customers’ needs; customer orders generally can be cancelled or rescheduled without significant penalty to the customer. For these reasons, our backlog as of any particular date is not representative of actual sales for any succeeding period, and therefore, we believe that backlog is not necessarily a good indicator of future revenue.

 

Competition

 

In the communications IC markets, we compete primarily against companies such as Agere, Broadcom, Intel, Mindspeed, PMC-Sierra, and Vitesse. Our principal competitors in the PCBA market are Adaptec, Emulex, Qlogic, Agilent, Hewlett-Packard and LSI Logic. As a result of our acquisition of IBM’s 400 series of embedded PowerPC standard products in May 2004, our list of competitors has been expanded to include large technology companies such as Motorola and IBM. In addition, certain of our customers and potential customers have internal IC or storage design or manufacturing capability with which we compete.

 

The communications IC and storage markets are highly competitive and are subject to rapid technological change, evolving standards, short product life cycles, and price erosion. We typically face competition at the design stage when our customers are selecting which components to use in their next generation equipment. In the storage market, our products can be qualified at any time, and are generally distinguished through a combination of pricing, features and reliability. We believe that the principal factors of competition for the markets we serve include: product performance, quality, reliability, integration, price, and time-to-market, as well as the Company’s reputation and level of customer support. Our ability to successfully compete in these markets depends on our ability to design and subcontract the manufacture of new products that implement new technologies and gain end market acceptance in a time efficient and cost effective manner.

 

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Proprietary Rights

 

We rely in part on patents to protect our intellectual property. We have been issued approximately 120 patents, which principally cover certain aspects of the design and architecture of our IC and enterprise storage products. In addition, we have over 200 inventions in various stages of the patenting process in the United States and abroad. There can be no assurance that our pending patent applications or any future applications will be approved, or that any issued patents will provide us with competitive advantages or will not be challenged by third parties or that if challenged, will be found to be valid or enforceable, or that the patents of others will not have an adverse effect on our ability to do business. There can be no assurance that others will not independently develop similar products or processes, duplicate our products or processes or design around any patents that may be issued to us.

 

To protect our intellectual property, we also rely on a combination of mask work protection under the Federal Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws, employee and third-party nondisclosure agreements and licensing arrangements.

 

As a general matter, the semiconductor and enterprise storage industries are characterized by substantial litigation regarding patent and other intellectual property rights. In the past we have been, and in the future may be, notified that we may be infringing on the intellectual property rights of third parties. We have certain indemnification obligations to customers with respect to the infringement of third party intellectual property rights by our products. There can be no assurance that infringement claims by third parties or claims for indemnification by customers or end users of our products resulting from infringement claims will not be asserted in the future or that such assertions, if proven to be true, will not materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results. In the event of any adverse ruling in any such matter, we could be required to pay substantial damages, which could include treble damages, cease the manufacture, use and sale of infringing products, discontinue the use of certain processes or obtain a license under the intellectual property rights of the third party claiming infringement. There can be no assurance that a license would be available on reasonable terms or at all. Any limitations on our ability to market our products, any delays and costs associated with redesigning our products or payments of license fees to third parties or any failure by us to develop or license a substitute technology on commercially reasonable terms could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

 

Environmental Matters

 

We are subject to a variety of federal, state and local governmental regulations related to the use, storage, discharge and disposal of toxic, volatile or otherwise hazardous chemicals that were used in our manufacturing process. Any failure to comply with present or future regulations could result in the imposition of fines, the suspension of production or a cessation of operations. Such regulations could require us to acquire costly equipment or incur other significant expenses to comply with environmental regulations or clean up prior discharges. Since 1993, we have been named as a potentially responsible party, also known as a PRP, along with a large number of other companies that used Omega Chemical Corporation in Whittier, California to handle and dispose of certain hazardous waste material. We are a member of a large group of PRPs that has agreed to fund certain remediation efforts at the Omega Chemical site, which efforts are ongoing. As of 2003, we closed our wafer fabrication facility in San Diego, and the property has been returned to the landlord.

 

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EMPLOYEES

 

As of March 31, 2004, we had 723 full-time employees: 70 in administration, 464 in research and development, 68 in operations, and 121 in marketing and sales. Our ability to attract and retain qualified personnel is essential to our continued success. None of our employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement, nor have we ever experienced any work stoppage.

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

Our executive officers and their ages as of May 31, 2004, are as follows:

 

Name


   Age

  

Position


David M. Rickey

   48    Chairman of the Board of Directors, Chief Executive Officer and President

Roger A. Smullen, Sr.

   68    Vice Chairman of the Board

Timothy M. Heenan

   45    Senior Vice President, Operations and Quality

Candace H. Kilburn

   50    Senior Vice President, Human Resources and Community Relations

Brent E. Little

   40    Senior Vice President and General Manager, Storage Business

Faye Pairman

   46    Senior Vice President, Storage

Stephen M. Smith

   45    Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer

Ramakrishna R. Sudireddy

   37    Senior Vice President, Engineering

Thomas L. Tullie

   39    Senior Vice President, Worldwide Sales and General Manager of Communications Business

Joseph Vithayathil

   51    Senior Vice President, Business Development

 

David M. Rickey re-joined us in February 1996 as President, Chief Executive Officer and as a Director. In August 2000, Mr. Rickey was appointed Chairman of the Board. From August 1993 to May 1995, Mr. Rickey served as our Vice President of Operations. From May 1995 to February 1996, Mr. Rickey served as Vice President of Operations at NexGen, a semiconductor company. Previously, for eight years, Mr. Rickey was employed by Northern Telecom, Inc., a telecommunications manufacturer now known as Nortel Networks Corporation, where he led the wafer fab engineering and manufacturing operations in both Ottawa, Canada and San Diego, California. Mr. Rickey has earned B.S. degrees from both Marietta College (summa cum laude) and Columbia University. In addition, Mr. Rickey received a M.S. in Materials Science and Engineering from Stanford University.

 

Roger A. Smullen, Sr. was elected Vice Chairman of the Board in August 2000. Mr. Smullen served as the Chairman of the Board from October 1982 to August 2000. Mr. Smullen also served as our Acting Vice President, Operations from August 1997 through October 1997 and our Chief Executive Officer from April 1983 until April 1987. Previously, he was Senior Vice President of Operations of Intersil, Inc.’s semiconductor division. In 1967, Mr. Smullen co-founded National Semiconductor Corporation, a manufacturer of integrated circuits. Prior to that, he was Director of Integrated Circuits at Fairchild Semiconductor, a manufacturer of integrated circuits. Mr. Smullen is currently a Director of Micro Linear Corporation, a manufacturer of integrated circuits. He holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Minnesota.

 

Timothy M. Heenan joined us in October 2000 through the acquisition of MMC Networks. Mr. Heenan was promoted to Vice President of Operations in August 2001 and to Senior Vice President in September 2003. Prior to joining MMC Networks, Mr. Heenan was the Director of Test Operations at Cirrus Logic, Inc., where he was responsible for worldwide manufacturing test operations. Before his tenure at Cirrus Logic, Mr. Heenan held various engineering positions at Signetics Corporation. Mr. Heenan holds a B.S. degree in Materials Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and a M.S. degree in Engineering Management from Santa Clara University.

 

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Candace H. Kilburn joined us in September 1996 as Director of Human Resources and was promoted to Vice President in August 1999 and to Senior Vice President in December 2003. From 1990 to 1996, Ms. Kilburn served as Director of Human Resources with Buck Knives Inc., where she was responsible for international human resources. She has also held positions at Handyman Corporation and Rohr Industries. Ms. Kilburn earned a B.S. in Business Administration from United States International University, and a M.B.A. from Chapman University. She is designated as a Senior Professional in Human Resources, a certified Employee Benefits Specialist, and has two certificates in Human Resources Management.

 

Brent E. Little joined us in 1991 and was promoted to Senior Vice President in January 2001. Prior to his current position as Senior Vice President and General Manager, Storage Business, Mr. Little led our marketing group as the Senior Vice President, Corporate Marketing. Before being promoted to Senior Vice President in 2001, Mr. Little held several marketing management positions with us, including Director of Strategic Marketing and Director of Marketing for ASIC products. Prior to joining us, Mr. Little worked as Business Development Manager for Analysis and Technology, Inc. and worked with the U.S. Navy as a Project Engineer. Mr. Little earned a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from the University of California, Santa Barbara.

 

Faye Pairman joined AMCC in 2004 when AMCC acquired 3ware. At 3ware, she served as President and Chief Executive Officer. Ms. Pairman has more than 15 years experience in marketing, sales and executive management. Prior to joining 3ware, Ms. Pairman served eight years in numerous management and executive positions with Adaptec, including VP and General Manager of Storage Networking Solutions Group, Host Interface Solutions Group, and Distribution Products Group. She has also held marketing management positions at SuperMac Technology and the Eastman Kodak Company. Ms. Pairman earned a B.A. from the University of the Pacific and a Masters in Business Administration degree from the Harvard Graduate School of Business Administration.

 

Stephen M. Smith joined us in October 1999. Mr. Smith was promoted to Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in April 2003. Prior to this time, Mr. Smith held various positions with us, including Vice President, Business Development and Vice President, Controller. From May 1998 to October 1999, Mr. Smith worked at ST Microelectronics, a semiconductor company, as the Director of a key strategic business unit. Additionally, Mr. Smith worked for ST Microelectronics from January 1993 until May 1997 as the Director of Finance, Region Americas. From May 1997 to May 1998, Mr. Smith served as Vice President, Finance for Vixel Corporation, a Fibre Channel company. Mr. Smith also spent eight years with Northern Telecom, Inc., where he held a number of financial management positions. Mr. Smith holds a B.S. degree from Arizona State University.

 

Ramakrishna R. Sudireddy joined us in March 1999 when AMCC acquired Cimaron Communications. Mr. Sudireddy was promoted to Senior Vice President in January 2001. Before co-founding Cimaron in January 1998, Mr. Sudireddy founded Siltek Corporation in 1996, and served as its Vice President of Research and Development until 1997. From 1991 to 1996, Mr. Sudireddy was a Member of Technical Staff at AT&T Bell Laboratories. Mr. Sudireddy has a M.S. in Computer Engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Lowell, and a B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Nagarjuna University in Guntur, India.

 

Thomas L. Tullie joined us as Vice President, Sales in August 1996. Mr. Tullie was promoted to Senior Vice President in January 2001. From 1989 to 1996, Mr. Tullie held several strategic sales management positions, most recently as Director of East Coast Sales, at S-MOS Systems, a semiconductor company. Prior to joining S-MOS Systems, Mr. Tullie was a designer in the workstations group of Digital Equipment Corporation. Mr. Tullie earned a B.S. degree from the University of Massachusetts and an M.B.A. from Clark University.

 

Joseph Vithayathil joined us as Senior Vice President of Business Development in June 2003. From June 2001 to December 2002 he served as a Board Member and CEO for Bigsur Communications, which he founded. Prior to founding Bigsur Communications which was sold to Broadcom, Mr. Vithayathil was Vice President of Marketing and Sales for Newport Communications from June 1999 to June 2001. In May 1995 he founded Baysoft (now Ampersand) where he served as CEO, Chairman and Board Member. Prior to that time

 

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Mr. Vithayathil held multiple marketing positions for semiconductor companies including Philips Electronics and Synergy Semiconductor, and was involved in strategic product planning at National Semiconductor. Mr. Vithayathil earned a M.B.A. degree from Harvard University, a M.S. degree from Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, and a B.S.E.E. degree from the Indian Institute of Technology.

 

Item 2.    Properties.

 

Our corporate headquarters are located in San Diego, California. Below is a summary of material properties leased on March 31, 2004 (net of subleases):

 

Location


  

Lease

Expiration


  

Square

Footage


  

Use


San Diego, California

   2007    90,000    Executive offices, sales headquarters, test and assembly

San Diego, California

   2010    58,000    Engineering headquarters
         
    

Total San Diego, California

        148,000     

Andover, Massachusetts

   2005    35,000    Engineering, sales and marketing

Sunnyvale, California

   2005    128,000    Engineering, sales and marketing

Other United States locations

   Various
dates
through
2011
   140,000    Engineering, sales and marketing applications

Foreign locations

   Various
dates
through
2007
   60,000    Engineering, sales and marketing applications
         
    

Total facilities

        511,000     
         
    

 

In an effort to improve the efficiency of the workforce and reduce our cost structure, we implemented several plans to consolidate our workforce into certain designated facilities. As a result, approximately 192,000 square feet of unoccupied properties with non-cancelable lease commitments expiring through fiscal 2011 are included in the above summary.

 

We sold 32 acres of undeveloped land in Poway, California during fiscal 2004 for approximately $25 million.

 

Our foreign locations consist of the following: Kanata, Canada; Manchester, United Kingdom; Cheshire, United Kingdom; Munich, Germany; LaGaude and Essonnes, France; Tokyo, Japan; Shenzhen and Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; Netanya, Israel; Bangalore, India and Singapore.

 

Item 3.    Legal Proceedings.

 

In April 2001, a series of similar federal complaints were filed against us and certain of our executive officers and directors. The complaints have been consolidated into a single proceeding in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California. In re Applied Micro Circuits Corp. Securities Litigation, lead case number 01-CV-0649-K(AB). In January 2002, the court appointed lead plaintiff filed a consolidated federal complaint. The consolidated federal complaint alleges violations of the Exchange Act and is brought as a shareholder class action under Sections 10(b), 20(a), 20A and Rule 10b-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Plaintiff seeks monetary damages on behalf of the shareholder class. Discovery in this lawsuit is continuing. Trial is currently scheduled for calendar year 2005.

 

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In May 2001, a series of similar state derivative actions were filed against our directors and certain executive officers. The state complaints have been coordinated and assigned to the Superior Court of California in the County of San Diego. Applied Micro Circuits Shareholders Cases, Case No. JCCP No. 4193. In December 2001, the court appointed plaintiffs filed a consolidated state complaint that alleges overstatement of our financial prospects, mismanagement, inflation of stock value and sale of stock at inflated prices for personal gain during the period from November 2000 through February 2001. The plaintiffs seek treble damages from the defendants alleged to have illegally sold stock and damages from all defendants for the other alleged violations of corporate law set forth in the complaint. In February 2002, our board of directors formed a special litigation committee to evaluate the claims in the consolidated state complaint. The special litigation committee retained independent legal counsel and submitted a report to the court in July 2002. Defendants filed a motion seeking dismissal of the consolidated action. In June 2003, the court denied defendants’ motion to dismiss. In November 2003, counsel for the special litigation committee filed a motion to bifurcate trial of this matter, seeking an order that trial regarding whether the matter should be dismissed due to the special litigation committee’s recommendations take place prior to trial regarding the underlying claims. The motion was granted in January 2004. Discovery in this lawsuit is continuing.

 

We believe that the allegations in these lawsuits are without merit and intend to defend against the lawsuits vigorously. We cannot predict the likely outcome of these lawsuits, and an adverse result in either lawsuit could have a material adverse effect on us. We have notified our insurance carriers of these lawsuits and submitted expenses incurred in defending the lawsuits as claims under the relevant insurance policies.

 

Since 1993, we have been named as a potentially responsible party, or PRP, along with a large number of other companies that used Omega Chemical Corporation in Whittier, California to handle and dispose of certain hazardous waste material. We are a member of a large group of PRPs that has agreed to fund certain remediation efforts at the Omega Chemical site, for which we have accrued approximately $100,000. In September 2000, we entered into a consent decree with the Environmental Protection Agency, pursuant to which we agreed to fund our proportionate share of the initial remediation efforts at the Omega Chemical site.

 

In September 2003, Silvaco Data Systems (“Silvaco”) filed a complaint against us in the Superior Court of the State of California in the County of Santa Clara. Silvaco Data Systems v. Applied Micro Circuits Corporation Case No. 103cv005696. In its complaint, Silvaco claims that we misappropriated trade secrets and have engaged in unfair business practices by using software licensed to us by Circuit Symantics, Inc. We have filed an answer denying Silvaco’s allegations and have filed a motion seeking a stay of the lawsuit against us pending arbitration of the terms of a settlement agreement between Circuit Symantics and Silvaco. The motion has been granted and the arbitration is expected to take place in the second quarter of fiscal 2005.

 

Several litigation matters are discussed below involving JNI Corporation (“JNI”), which became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company in October 2003.

 

In April 2001, a series of similar federal complaints were filed against JNI and certain of its officers and directors. These complaints were consolidated into a single proceeding in U.S District Court for the Southern District of California. Osher v. JNI, lead Case No. 01 cv 0557 J (NLS). The first consolidated and amended complaint alleged that between July 13, 2000 and March 28, 2001 JNI and the individual defendants made false statements about JNI’s business and operating results in violation of the Securities Exchange Act, and also included allegations that defendants made false statements in JNI’s secondary public offering of common stock in October 2000. In March, 2003, the Court dismissed the action, with prejudice. In April, 2004, Plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal.

 

In October 2001, a stockholder derivative suit was filed against JNI and certain of its former officers and directors in the San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. GIC 775153. The complaint alleged that between October 16, 2000 and January 24, 2001, the defendants breached their fiduciary duty by failing to adequately oversee the activities of management and that JNI allegedly made false statements about its business and results causing its stock to trade at artificially inflated levels. The Court has sustained JNI’s demurrers to each of the

 

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plaintiff’s complaints and dismissed the plaintiff in June 2002. However, in May 2002, another plaintiff, Sik-Lin Huang, filed a motion to intervene in the case. In June 2002, the Court granted Huang’s motion to intervene. Huang filed a complaint in intervention in July 2002. In September 2002, the board of directors of JNI appointed a special litigation committee to investigate the allegations. In February 2003, the special litigation committee issued a report of its investigation which concluded that it is not in the best interests of JNI to pursue the litigation. In February 2003, counsel for the special litigation committee filed a motion to dismiss the action. In November 2003, the court dismissed the matter with prejudice. In January 2004, plaintiffs filed a notice of appeal.

 

In May 2002, following JNI’s announcement that it would restate its financial statements, a stockholder derivative suit was filed against JNI and certain of its officers and directors in the San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. GIC 789481. The complaint repeated the allegations of the derivative lawsuit filed by Grosset, and added allegations that the defendants caused or allowed JNI to falsely report its results for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2001. The special litigation committee, appointed in September 2002, investigated the allegations in this case as well. In February 2003, the special litigation committee issued a report of its investigation which concluded that it was not in the best interests of JNI to pursue this action. In February 2003, counsel for the special litigation committee filed a motion to dismiss this action. In November 2003, the court dismissed the matter with prejudice. Plaintiffs recently filed a notice of appeal. The securities and derivative lawsuits have all been tendered to JNI’s insurance carriers.

 

In September 2003, the plaintiff in the May 2002 derivative lawsuit filed a purported class action suit against JNI’s directors in the San Diego County Superior Court, Case No. GIC 817299. The complaint alleges that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties to JNI stockholders when they approved the merger with AMCC and also repeated the allegations made in the May 2002 derivative lawsuit. The complaint sought, among other things, injunctive relief preventing consummation of the merger. A settlement was reached on October 23, 2003, which did not result in a material cash payment by JNI. A Court hearing has been set for June 2004 to approve the settlement.

 

In November 2001, a class action lawsuit was filed against JNI and the underwriters of its initial and secondary public offerings of common stock in the U.S District Court for the Southern District of New York, Case No. 01 Civ 10740 (SAS). The complaint alleges that defendants violated the Securities Exchange Act in connection with JNI’s public offerings. This lawsuit is among over 300 class action lawsuits pending in this Court that have come to be known as the IPO laddering cases. In June 2003, a proposed partial global settlement, subsequently approved by JNI’s board of directors, was announced between the securities issuers defendants and the plaintiffs that would guarantee at least $1 billion to investors who are class members from the insurers of the issuers. The proposed settlement, if approved by the court and by the securities issuers, would be funded by insurers of the issuers, and would not result in any payment by JNI or the Company.

 

We are also party to various claims and legal actions arising in the normal course of business, including employee disputes and notification of possible infringement on the intellectual property rights of third parties.

 

Although the ultimate outcome of the pending matters is not presently determinable, we believe that the resolution of all such matters, net of amounts accrued, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or liquidity; however, there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not have a material impact on our results of operations in any period.

 

Item 4.    Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.

 

No matters were submitted to a vote of the Company’s stockholders during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5.    Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

 

Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol AMCC. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq National Market for the periods indicated.

 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2003


   High

   Low

First Quarter

   $ 8.89    $ 3.90

Second Quarter

   $ 5.25    $ 2.80

Third Quarter

   $ 5.30    $ 2.45

Fourth Quarter

   $ 4.45    $ 3.20

 

Fiscal year ended March 31, 2004


   High

   Low

First Quarter

   $ 7.18    $ 3.25

Second Quarter

   $ 6.95    $ 4.78

Third Quarter

   $ 7.05    $ 4.80

Fourth Quarter

   $ 9.20    $ 5.36

 

On May 31, 2004, there were approximately 795 holders of record of our common stock.

 

We have not paid cash dividends on our common stock.

 

There were no sales of equity securities by us that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933 during fiscal 2004.

 

For information regarding our equity compensation plans, please refer to Part III, Item 12 of this report.

 

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Item 6.    Selected Financial Data.

 

The following table sets forth selected financial data for each of our last five fiscal years ended March 31, 2004. This information includes the results of operations of acquisitions accounted for using the purchase method of accounting commencing as of their respective acquisition dates (Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial Statements). You should read this data together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, contained elsewhere in this report.

 

    March 31,

    2004

    2003

    2002

    2001

    2000

    (in thousands, except per share data)

Consolidated Statements of Operations Data:

                                     

Net revenues

  $ 131,177     $ 101,591     $ 152,840     $ 435,543     $ 172,352

Cost of revenues

    57,601       61,900       150,924       165,986       50,218
   


 


 


 


 

Gross profit

    73,576       39,691       1,916       269,557       122,134

Operating expenses:

                                     

Research and development

    112,594       131,909       154,622       105,178       32,477

Selling, general and administrative

    45,121       59,588       75,656       69,172       27,945

Stock-based compensation:

                                     

Research and development

    15,444       70,840       71,760       41,350       338

Selling, general and administrative

    5,195       58,510       66,425       35,667       254

Amortization of goodwill and purchased intangibles

    1,097       —         239,563       308,835       —  

Purchased intangible asset impairment charges

    —         204,284       —         —         —  

Goodwill impairment charges

    —         186,389       3,101,817       —         —  

Restructuring charges

    22,325       7,250       11,577       —         —  

Acquired in-process research and development

    21,800       —         —         202,100       —  
   


 


 


 


 

Total operating expenses

    223,576       718,770       3,721,420       762,302       61,014
   


 


 


 


 

Operating income (loss)

    (150,000 )     (679,079 )     (3,719,504 )     (492,745 )     61,120

Interest income, net

    35,007       47,719       47,477       55,336       12,871

Other income (expense), net

    8,340       (11,952 )     (14,592 )     113       1
   


 


 


 


 

Income (loss) before income taxes and cumulative effect of accounting change

    (106,653 )     (643,312 )     (3,686,619 )     (437,296 )     73,992

Income tax expense (benefit)

    (1,776 )     —         (80,929 )     (1,081 )     25,367
   


 


 


 


 

Income (loss) before cumulative effect of accounting change

    (104,877 )     (643,312 )     (3,605,690 )     (436,215 )     48,625

Cumulative effect of accounting change

    —         (102,229 )     —         —         —  
   


 


 


 


 

Net income (loss)

  $ (104,877 )   $ (745,541 )   $ (3,605,690 )   $ (436,215 )   $ 48,625
   


 


 


 


 

Basic and diluted net income (loss) per share:

                                     

Income (loss) per share before cumulative effect of accounting change

  $ (0.34 )   $ (2.14 )   $ (12.08 )   $ (1.63 )   $ 0.20

Cumulative effect of accounting change

    —         (0.33 )     —         —         —  
   


 


 


 


 

Net income (loss) per share

  $ (0.34 )   $ (2.47 )   $ (12.08 )   $ (1.63 )   $ 0.20
   


 


 


 


 

Shares used in calculating basic and diluted net income (loss) per share

    306,476       301,252       298,502       267,363       238,304
   


 


 


 


 

Consolidated Selected Balance Sheet Data:

                                     

Working capital

  $ 841,467     $ 1,021,175     $ 1,060,364     $ 1,208,226     $ 977,621

Goodwill and intangible assets, net

  $ 240,193     $ 88,219     $ 590,610     $ 4,008,440     $ —  

Total assets

  $ 1,188,103     $ 1,223,588     $ 1,829,193     $ 5,453,278     $ 1,046,882

Long-term debt and capital lease obligations including current portion

  $ 303     $ 1,265     $ 2,283     $ 3,530     $ 7,417

Total stockholders’ equity

  $ 1,120,547     $ 1,172,188     $ 1,771,251     $ 5,238,101     $ 1,013,805

 

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Quarterly Comparisons

 

The following table sets forth consolidated statements of operations for each of our last eight quarters. This quarterly information is unaudited and has been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements. In our opinion, this quarterly information reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the periods presented. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of results for any future period. You should read this data together with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes, as well as “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, contained elsewhere in this report.

 

    Fiscal Year 2004

    Fiscal Year 2003

 
    Q1(5)

    Q2(6)

    Q3(7)

    Q4(8)

    Q1(1)

    Q2(2)

    Q3(3)

    Q4(4)

 
    (in thousands, except per share data)  

Net revenues

  $ 20,515     $ 25,119     $ 38,189     $ 47,354     $ 30,155     $ 30,219     $ 21,114     $ 20,103  

Cost of revenues

    9,783       9,485       17,471       20,862       17,639       16,503       14,327       13,431  
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Gross profit (loss)

    10,732       15,634       20,718       26,492       12,516       13,716       6,787       6,672  

Operating expenses:

                                                               

Research and development

    29,126       26,102       30,052       27,314       35,497       33,441       32,040       30,931  

Selling, general and administrative

    10,362       11,037       13,493       10,229       16,326       14,989       14,467       13,806  

Stock-based compensation:

                                                               

Research and development

    9,125       3,579       2,142       598       40,677       11,413       10,467       8,283  

Selling, general and administrative

    3,408       1,043       375       369       26,630       24,104       4,286       3,490  

Amortization of purchased intangibles

    —         —         689       408       —         —         —         —    

Goodwill and intangible asset impairments

    —         —         —         —         204,284       —         —         186,389  

In-Process R&D

    —         5,700       16,100       —         —         —         —         —    

Restructuring costs (benefits)

    23,498       —         (200 )     (973 )     2,500       3,000       —         1,750  
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Total operating expenses

    75,519       47,461       62,651       37,945       325,914       86,947       61,260       244,649  
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Operating loss

    (64,787 )     (31,827 )     (41,933 )     (11,453 )     (313,398 )     (73,231 )     (54,473 )     (237,977 )

Interest income, net

    11,395       8,929       7,080       7,603       10,853       13,606       11,757       11,503  

Other income (expense), net

    —         (10 )     8,413       (63 )     (130 )     (12,811 )     3,657       (2,668 )
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Loss before income taxes and cummulative effect of accounting change

    (53,392 )     (22,908 )     (26,440 )     (3,913 )     (302,675 )     (72,436 )     (39,059 )     (229,142 )

Income tax expense (benefit)

    —         —         —         (1,776 )     —         —         —         —    
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Loss before cummulative effect of accounting change

    (53,392 )     (22,908 )     (26,440 )     (2,137 )     (302,675 )     (72,436 )     (39,059 )     (229,142 )

Cummulative effect of accounting change

    —         —         —         —         (102,229 )     —         —         —    
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Net loss

  $ (53,392 )   $ (22,908 )   $ (26,440 )   $ (2,137 )   $ (404,904 )   $ (72,436 )   $ (39,059 )   $ (229,142 )
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Basic and diluted loss per share before cummulative effect of accounting change

  $ (0.18 )   $ (0.08 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (1.01 )   $ (0.24 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.76 )

Cummulative effect of accounting change

    —         —         —         —         (0.34 )     —         —         —    
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Diluted loss per share

  $ (0.18 )   $ (0.08 )   $ (0.09 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (1.35 )   $ (0.24 )   $ (0.13 )   $ (0.76 )
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 


Shares used in calculating diluted loss per share

    303,801       305,195       306,823       310,083       299,811       300,701       301,622       302,875  
   


 


 


 


 


 


 


 



(1)   The consolidated operating results for the first quarter of fiscal 2003 include a $102.2 million charge for the cumulative effect of the change in accounting upon adoption of FAS 142, a $204.3 million charge for impairment of certain other purchased intangible assets, $44 million for acceleration of deferred compensation from the voluntary cancellation of certain employees’ stock options in connection with the stock option exchange program and a $2.5 million restructuring charge.

 

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(2)   The consolidated operating results for the second quarter of fiscal 2003 include $12.0 million of accelerated amortization of deferred stock compensation related to the termination of certain employees, a $3.0 million restructuring charge and $11.7 million for the impairment of strategic equity investments.
(3)   The consolidated operating results for the third quarter of fiscal 2003 include a $3.7 million gain from the sale of real estate.
(4)   The consolidated operating results for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 include a $186.4 million goodwill impairment charge a $1.8 million restructuring charge and $1.6 million charge for the impairment of strategic equity investments.
(5)   The consolidated operating results for the first quarter of fiscal 2004 include a $23.5 million restructuring charge.
(6)   The consolidated operating results for the second quarter of fiscal 2004 include a $5.7 million charge for in-process research and development expenses related to the purchase of the PRS business.
(7)   The consolidated operating results for the third quarter of fiscal 2004 include a $16.1 million charge for in-process research and development expenses related to the purchase of JNI Corporation, a $7.6 million gain on the sale of real estate and a $200,000 restructuring benefit.
(8)   The consolidated operating results for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004 include a $973,000 restructuring benefit.

 

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Item 7.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

 

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, or MD&A, is provided as a supplement to the accompanying consolidated financial statements and footnotes to help provide an understanding of our financial condition, changes in our financial condition and results of our operations. The MD&A is organized as follows:

 

    Caution concerning forward-looking statements.    This section discusses how forward-looking statements made by us in the MD&A and elsewhere in this report are based on management’s present expectations about future events and are inherently susceptible to uncertainty and changes in circumstances.

 

    Overview.    This section provides an introductory overview and context for the discussion and analysis that follows in the MD&A.

 

    Critical accounting policies.    This section discusses those accounting policies that are both considered important to our financial condition and operating results and require significant judgment and estimates on the part of management in their application.

 

    Results of operations.    This section provides an analysis of our results of operations for the three fiscal years ended March 31, 2004. A brief description is provided of transactions and events that impact the comparability of the results being analyzed.

 

    Financial condition and liquidity.    This section provides an analysis of our cash position and cash flows, as well as a discussion of our financing arrangements and financial commitments.

 

    Risk factors.    This section provides a description of risk factors that could adversely affect our business, results of operations, or financial condition.

 

CAUTION CONCERNING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

This section should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report. Any statement that refers to an expectation, projection or other characterization of future events or circumstances, including the underlying assumptions, is a forward-looking statement. We use certain words and their derivatives such as “anticipate”, “believe”, “plan”, “expect”, “estimate”, “predict”, “intend”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “future”, “potential”, and similar expressions in many of the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations, estimates and projections about our industry, management’s beliefs, and other assumptions made by us. These statements and the expectations, estimates, projections, beliefs and other assumptions on which they are based are subject to many risks and uncertainties and are inherently subject to change. We describe many of the risks and uncertainties that we face in the “Risk Factors” section of MD&A. We update our descriptions of the risks and uncertainties facing us in our periodic reports filed with the SEC in which we report our financial condition and results for the quarter and fiscal year-to-date. Our actual results and actual events could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statement. Readers should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statement.

 

Overview

 

We design, develop and market technology products for the communications and storage equipment markets. Our products are essential for the transport, processing, switching, routing and storage of information worldwide. We utilize a combination of design expertise coupled with system-level knowledge and multiple technologies to offer IC products, as well as PCBAs for these markets. We generate revenues in the communications market primarily through sales of our IC products to communications equipment manufacturers, such as Alcatel, Ciena, Cisco, Fujitsu, Hitachi, Huawei, JDS Uniphase, Juniper, Lucent, Marconi, NEC, Nortel, Siemens, and Tellabs. In the storage market, we generate revenues primarily through sales of our HBAs, to

 

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original equipment manufacturers, or OEMs, such as EMC, Hitachi Data Systems, Network Appliance, StorageTek and Sun Microsystems.

 

In September 2003 and January 2004, we purchased assets and licensed intellectual property associated with IBM’s PowerPRS Switch Fabric product line (the PRS Business) for approximately $50 million in cash to complement our existing switch fabric product portfolio. In October 2003, we completed the acquisition of all outstanding shares of JNI Corporation (JNI), a provider of Fibre Channel hardware and software products that are critical elements of storage networks, for approximately $196.4 million in cash. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, we signed a definitive agreement to acquire 3Ware, Inc. 3Ware provides high-performance, high capacity SATA storage solutions for emerging storage applications. Subsequent to our fiscal year end, on April 1, 2004, we paid approximately $145.0 million in cash to complete this transaction. In addition, on April 13, 2004, we announced a definitive agreement to acquire intellectual property and a portfolio of assets associated with IBM’s 400 series of embedded PowerPC® standard products, (the Embedded Processor Business) for approximately $227.9 million in cash. The PowerPC 400 series product line delivers performance and a rich mix of features for Internet, communication, data storage, consumer and imaging applications. We plan to continue evaluating strategic opportunities as they arise, including business combinations, strategic relationships, capital infusions and the purchase and sale of assets.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of net revenue and expenses in the reporting period. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to inventory valuation and warranty liabilities, which affects our cost of sales and gross margin; the valuation of purchased intangibles and goodwill, which affects our amortization and impairments of goodwill and other intangibles; the valuation of restructuring liabilities, which affects the amount and timing of restructuring charges; and the valuation of deferred income taxes, which affects our income tax expense and benefit. We also have other key accounting policies, such as our policies for revenue recognition, including the deferral of a portion of revenues on sales to distributors, and allowance for bad debts. The methods, estimates and judgments we use in applying these most critical accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our financial statements. We base our estimates and assumptions on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. To the extent there are material differences between our estimates and the actual results, our future results of operations will be affected.

 

Inventory Valuation and Warranty Liabilities

 

Our policy is to value inventories at the lower of cost or market on a part-by-part basis. This policy requires us to make estimates regarding the market value of our inventories, including an assessment of excess or obsolete inventories. We determine excess and obsolete inventories based on an estimate of the future demand for our products within a specified time horizon, generally 12 months. The estimates we use for future demand are also used for near-term capacity planning and inventory purchasing and are consistent with our revenue forecasts. If our demand forecast is greater than our actual demand we may be required to take additional excess inventory charges, which would decrease gross margin and net operating results in the future. Our products typically carry a one to three year warranty. We establish reserves for estimated product warranty costs at the time revenue is recognized. Although we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, our warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, use of materials and service delivery costs incurred in correcting any product failure. Should actual product failure rates, use of materials or service delivery costs differ from our estimates, additional warranty reserves could be required, which could reduce our gross margins.

 

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Goodwill and Intangible Asset Valuation

 

The purchase method of accounting for acquisitions requires extensive use of accounting estimates and judgments to allocate the purchase price to the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired, including in-process research and development, or IPR&D. Goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives are not amortized, but are subject to annual impairment tests. The amounts and useful lives assigned to other intangible assets impact future amortization, and the amount assigned to IPR&D is expensed immediately. Determining the fair values and useful lives of intangible assets especially requires the exercise of judgment. While there are a number of different generally accepted valuation methods to estimate the value of intangible assets acquired, we primarily use the discounted cash flow method. This method requires significant management judgment to forecast the future operating results used in the analysis. In addition, other significant estimates are required such as residual growth rates and discount factors. The estimates we use to value and amortize intangible assets are consistent with the plans and estimates that we use to manage our business and are based on available historical information and industry estimates and averages. These judgments can significantly affect our net operating results.

 

During fiscal 2001, we adopted SFAS 142. SFAS 142 requires that goodwill and certain intangible assets be assessed for impairment using fair value measurement techniques. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, then a goodwill impairment test is performed to measure the amount of the impairment loss, if any. The goodwill impairment test compares the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as in a business combination. Determining the fair value of the implied goodwill is judgmental in nature and often involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions could have a significant impact on whether or not an impairment charge is recognized and also the magnitude of any such charge. Estimates of fair value are primarily determined using discounted cash flows and market comparisons. These approaches use significant estimates and assumptions, including projection and timing of future cash flows, discount rates reflecting the risk inherent in future cash flows, perpetual growth rates, determination of appropriate market comparables, and determination of whether a premium or discount should be applied to comparables. It is reasonably possible that the plans and estimates used to value these assets may be incorrect. If our actual results, or the plans and estimates used in future impairment analyses, are lower than the original estimates used to assess the recoverability of these assets, we could incur additional impairment charges.

 

Restructuring Charges

 

Over the last three years we have undertaken significant restructuring initiatives, which have required us to develop formalized plans for exiting certain business activities and reducing spending levels. We have had to record estimated expenses for employee severance, long-term asset writedowns, lease cancellations, facilities consolidation costs, and other restructuring costs. Given the significance, and the timing of the execution, of such activities, this process is complex and involves periodic reassessments of estimates made at the time the original decisions were made. Prior to 2003, the liability for certain exit costs was recognized on the date that management committed to a plan. In 2003, new accounting guidance was issued requiring us to recognize costs associated with our exit and disposal activities at fair value when a liability is incurred. In calculating the charges for our excess facilities, we have to estimate the timing of exiting certain facilities and then estimate the future lease and operating costs to be paid until the lease is terminated and the amount of any sublease income. To form our estimates for these costs, we performed an assessment of the affected facilities and considered the current market conditions for each site. Our assumptions for the operating costs until termination or the offsetting sublease revenues may turn out to be incorrect, and our actual costs may be materially different from our estimates, which could result in the need to record additional costs or to reverse previously recorded liabilities. Our policies require us to periodically evaluate the adequacy of the remaining liabilities under our restructuring initiatives.

 

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Valuation of Deferred Income Taxes

 

We record valuation allowances to reduce our deferred tax assets to an amount that we believe is more likely than not to be realized. We consider estimated future taxable income and ongoing prudent and feasible tax planning strategies, including reversals of deferred tax liabilities, in assessing the need for a valuation allowance. If we were to determine that we will not realize all or part of our deferred tax assets in the future, we would make an adjustment to the carrying value of the deferred tax asset, which would be reflected as income tax expense. Conversely, if we were to determine that we will realize a deferred tax asset, which currently has a valuation allowance, we would reverse the valuation allowance which would be reflected as an income tax benefit or as an adjustment to stockholders’ equity in our financial statements.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We recognize revenue in accordance with SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101 “Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements”, or SAB 101 as well as SAB 104, “Revenue Recognition”. These pronouncements require that four basic criteria be met before revenue can be recognized: 1) there is evidence that an arrangement exists; 2) delivery has occurred; 3) the fee is fixed or determinable; and 4) collectibility is reasonably assured. We recognize revenue upon determination that all criteria for revenue recognition have been met. In addition, we do not recognize revenue until all customers’ acceptance criteria have been met. The criteria are usually met at the time of product shipment, except for shipments to distributors with rights of return. Revenue from shipments to distributors with rights of return is deferred until all return or cancellation privileges lapse. In addition, we record reductions to revenue for estimated allowances such as returns, competitive pricing programs and rebates. These estimates are based on our experience with product returns and the contractual terms of the competitive pricing and rebate programs. Shipping terms are generally FOB shipping point. If actual returns or pricing adjustments exceed our estimates, additional reductions to revenue would result.

 

Allowance for Bad Debt

 

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of our customers to make required payments. Our allowance for doubtful accounts is based on our assessment of the collectibility of specific customer accounts, the aging of accounts receivable, our history of bad debts, and the general condition of the industry. If a major customer’s credit worthiness deteriorates, or our customers’ actual defaults exceed our historical experience, our estimates could change and impact our reported results.

 

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Comparison of the Year Ended March 31, 2004 to the Year Ended March 31, 2003

 

Net Revenues.    Net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2004 were approximately $131.2 million, representing an increase of 29% from the net revenues of approximately $101.6 million for the year ended March 31, 2003. The increase in total net revenues was attributable to an increase in communications revenue, including revenues generated by the PRS business of $13.2 million from the date of acquisition, and the revenue generated in the storage business from the acquisition of JNI Corporation of $13.0 million from the date of acquisition, offset by decreases in other revenue of 61% as a result of higher shipments of last time buy products in the prior year. See the following table (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Communications

   $ 104,197    79.4 %   $ 65,577    64.6 %   $ 38,620     58.9 %

Storage

     13,038    9.9 %     —      0.0 %     13,038     100.0 %

Other

     13,942    10.6 %     36,014    35.4 %     (22,072 )   -61.3 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

Net revenue

   $ 131,177    100.0 %   $ 101,591    100.0 %   $ 29,586     29.1 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

We believe the increase in revenues from communications products was primarily due to an increase in the demand for communications equipment.

 

Based on direct shipments, net revenues to customers that exceeded 10% of total net revenues in any of the three years ended March 31, 2004 were as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Harris Corporation

   *     18 %   *  

Sanmina—SCI

   11 %   *     *  

Insight Electronics

   14 %   *     10 %

*   Less than 10% of net revenue

 

Looking through product shipments to distributors and subcontractors to the end customers, net revenues to end customers that exceeded 10% of total net revenues in any of the three years ended March 31, 2004 were as follows:

 

     2004

    2003

    2002

 

Harris Corporation

   *     18 %   *  

Nortel Networks Corporation

   17 %   14 %   12 %

Cisco Systems

   *     *     13 %

*   Less than 10% of net revenue

 

The decline in revenues attributable to Harris Corporation was due to the fulfillment of certain last time buy orders of non-communications products in fiscal 2003.

 

Revenues based on direct shipments outside the United States of America accounted for 46% of net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2004, compared to 41% for the year ended March 31, 2003.

 

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Gross Profit.    The following table presents net revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Net revenue

   $ 131,177    100.0 %   $ 101,591    100.0 %   $ 29,586     29.1 %

Cost of revenues

     57,601    43.9 %     61,900    60.9 %     (4,299 )   -6.9 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

Gross profit

   $ 73,576    56.1 %   $ 39,691    39.1 %   $ 33,885     85.4 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

The increase in gross profit in 2004 was primarily attributable to the reduced fixed cost of manufacturing overhead of approximately $16.0 million as a result of the permanent closure of our internal wafer fabrication facility in March 2003 and the effects of the workforce reductions, as well as decreased stock-based compensation charges included in cost of revenues of $2.0 million for the year ended March 31, 2004. In addition, during the year ended March 31, 2004, we recognized a benefit of approximately $1.1 million related to the sales of inventory which had been previously reserved. Partially offsetting the increases in gross margin were increases in the amortization of purchased intangible assets included in costs of revenues.

 

The amortization of purchased intangible assets included in cost of revenues during the year ended March 31, 2004 was $10.4 million, compared to $6.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2003. The increase came as a result of the acquisition of JNI Corporation on October 28, 2003 and our acquisition of the PRS business on September 30, 2003. Based on the amount of capitalized purchased intangibles on the balance sheet of March 31, 2004, we expect amortization expense for purchased intangibles charged to cost of revenues to be $5.1 million for each of the fiscal years ending March 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007. We expect the amortization of purchased intangible assets included in cost of revenues, in absolute dollars, to increase in the first quarter of fiscal 2005 as a result of the acquisition of 3ware, Inc. on April 1, 2004 and the Embedded Processor Business on May 5, 2004. Future acquisitions of businesses may result in substantial additional charges which would impact the gross margin in future periods.

 

Research and Development and Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    The following table presents research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Research and development

   $ 112,594    85.8 %   $ 131,909    129.8 %   $ (19,315 )   -14.6 %

Selling, general and administrative

     45,121    34.4 %     59,588    58.7 %     (14,467 )   -24.3 %

 

Research and Development.    Research and development, or R&D, expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in research, design and development activities, costs related to engineering design tools, subcontracting costs and facilities expenses. The decrease in R&D for the year ended March 31, 2004 was primarily due to lower payroll and related benefits expense of approximately $9.6 million, resulting from our workforce reductions and lower software and equipment depreciation costs of approximately $8.7 million, resulting from our restructuring initiatives. These decreases were partially offset by increases in payroll and related benefits resulting from the acquisition of JNI Corporation on October 28, 2003 and our acquisition of the PRS business on September 30, 2003. We believe that a continued commitment to R&D is vital to our goal of maintaining a leadership position with innovative communications and storage products. Currently, R&D expenses are focused on the development of products for the communications and storage equipment markets, and we expect to continue this focus. We expect R&D expenses in absolute dollars to increase in the

 

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first quarter of fiscal 2005 as a result of the acquisition of 3ware, Inc. on April 1, 2004 and the PowerPC Business on May 5, 2004. Future acquisitions of businesses may result in substantial additional on-going costs.

 

Since the start of fiscal 2002, we have invested a total of approximately $399.2 million in the research and development of new products, including higher-speed, lower-power and lower-cost products, products that combine the functions of multiple existing products into single highly integrated products, and other products to complete our portfolio of communications products. For most products developed by us, due to their complexity and the complexity of our OEM customers’ equipment, it often takes several years to complete development and qualification. We have not yet generated significant revenues from many of these new products for two additional reasons. First, the dramatic and extended downturn in the telecommunications market has severely impacted our customers and has resulted in significantly less demand for the quantity of these products than expected when some of the developments commenced. Second, we have discontinued development of several new products and slowed down development of other new products as we realized that demand for these products would not materialize as originally anticipated.

 

Selling, General and Administrative.    Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses consist primarily of personnel-related expenses, professional and legal fees, corporate branding and facilities expenses. The decrease in SG&A expenses for the year ended March 31, 2004 was primarily due to the effect of lower payroll and related benefits expense of approximately $6.1 million following workforce reductions as well as lower legal and professional fees and commissions of approximately $3.3 million and $4.0 million, respectively. We expect SG&A expenses to increase modestly in fiscal 2005 as a result of our acquisitions in the first quarter of fiscal 2005. Future acquisitions of businesses may result in substantial additional on-going costs.

 

Stock-Based Compensation.    The following table presents stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in research and development and selling, general and administrative activities expenses for fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003, all of which was excluded from those operating expenses (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase
(Decrease)


   

Change


 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Research and development

   $ 15,444    11.8 %   $ 70,840    69.7 %   $ (55,396 )   -78.2 %

Selling, general and administrative

     5,195    4.0 %     58,510    57.6 %     (53,315 )   -91.1 %
    

  

 

  

 


     
     $ 20,639    15.7 %   $ 129,350    127.3 %   $ (108,711 )   -84.0 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

Stock-based compensation expense represents the amortization of deferred compensation related to acquisitions. Deferred compensation is the difference between the fair value of our common stock at the date of each acquisition and the exercise price of the unvested stock options assumed in the acquisition. In the third quarter of fiscal 2004, we recorded approximately $4.2 million of deferred compensation in connection with stock options assumed in our purchase acquisition of JNI Corporation. Stock-based compensation charges, including amounts charged to cost of revenues, were $21.2 million for the year ended March 31, 2004, compared to $131.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2003. We currently expect to record amortization of deferred compensation with respect to these assumed options of approximately $1.4 million, $1.2 million and $195,000 for fiscal years 2005, 2006 and 2007, respectively. These charges could be further reduced as a result of employee turnover. Acquisitions of businesses including the acquisition of 3ware, Inc. may result in substantial additional on-going costs. Such charges may cause fluctuations in our interim or annual operating results.

 

Acquired In-process Research and Development.    For the year ended March 31, 2004, we recorded $21.8 million of acquired in-process research and development, or IPR&D, resulting from the acquisition of JNI Corporation and the PRS business. These amounts were expensed on the acquisition dates because the acquired

 

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technology had not yet reached technological feasibility and had no future alternative uses. The IPR&D charge related to the PRS acquisition was made up of five projects which were between 38% and 68% complete at the date of acquisition. The estimated aggregate cost to complete these projects was $5.3 million. The discount rate applied to calculate the IPR&D charge ranged from 20% to 30%. The IPR&D charge related to the JNI Corporation acquisition was made up of six projects, which were between 33% and 88% complete at the date of acquisition. The estimated aggregate cost to complete these projects was $2.3 million. The discount rate applied to calculate the IPR&D charge ranged from 22% to 35%. There can be no assurance that acquisitions of businesses, products or technologies by us in the future will not result in substantial charges for acquired IPR&D that may cause fluctuations in our interim or annual operating results.

 

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Asset Impairment Charges.    To coincide with our annual long-range planning process, we assess goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently if the indicators of impairment are present. Based on the analysis performed in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2004, which included a discounted cash flow analysis, as well as market comparables, no impairment of goodwill or other purchased intangibles was evident. The following table presents goodwill and purchased intangible asset impairment charges for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Purchased intangible asset impairment charges

   $ —      0.0 %   $ 204,284    201.1 %   $ (204,284 )   -100.0 %

Goodwill impairment charges

     —      0.0 %     186,389    183.5 %     (186,389 )   -100.0 %

Cumulative effect of accounting change

     —      0.0 %     102,229    100.6 %     (102,229 )   100.0 %

 

Upon adoption of SFAS 142 during the first quarter of fiscal 2003, we completed our initial goodwill impairment review. As a result, in the three months ended June 30, 2002 we recorded a $102.2 million non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill, which is reflected as the cumulative effect of an accounting change. In performing the fair value analysis as required under SFAS 142, it became evident, as a result of lower revenue forecasts, that certain other purchased intangible assets were also impaired. As a result, we performed an analysis of these assets as required under SFAS 144 and recorded non-cash charges in the three months ended June 30, 2002 of $187.9 million for the impairment of developed technology and $16.3 million as a result of the abandonment of the MMC Networks trademark. These amounts are reflected as components of operating expenses. Throughout fiscal 2003, the estimates of carrier capital equipment spending continued to decline and for much of the year our book value exceeded our market capitalization. As a result of a decline in our estimated long-range net revenue, and particularly, the long-range revenue associated with our acquired businesses, we determined that goodwill was further impaired and recorded an additional $186.4 million impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill, which was reflected as a component of operating expenses and occurred in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003.

 

Restructuring Charges.    The following table presents restructuring charges for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


   Change

 
     2004

    2003

      
     Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


    Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


      

Restructuring charges

   $ 22,325    17.0 %   $ 7,250    7.1 %   $ 15,075    207.9 %

 

In July 2001, we announced the first of our restructuring programs. The July 2001 plan was in response to the sharp downturn in business at the end of our fiscal 2001 and included reducing our overall cost structure and aligning manufacturing capacity with the then current demand. The July 2001 restructuring plan resulted in a

 

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total of $11.6 million of restructuring costs, which were recognized as operating expenses in the last three quarters of fiscal 2002. The July 2001 restructuring plan was comprised of the following components:

 

    Workforce reduction—Approximately 50 employees, or 5% of the workforce was eliminated, which resulted in severance payments of approximately $900,000 in the fiscal year ended March 31, 2002.

 

    Consolidation of excess facilities—As a result of our acquisitions and significant internal growth in fiscal 2001, we expanded our number of locations throughout the world. In an effort to improve the efficiency of our workforce and reduce our cost structure, we implemented a plan to consolidate our workforce into certain designated facilities. As a result, we recorded a charge of approximately $2.0 million, which was recognized in the second quarter of fiscal 2002, primarily relating to non-cancelable lease commitments for smaller facilities in the United States.

 

    Property and equipment impairments—During fiscal 2000 and 2001, we aggressively expanded our manufacturing capacity in order to meet demand. As a result of the sharp decrease in demand at the end of fiscal 2001, we recorded a charge of approximately $5.6 million in the second quarter of fiscal 2002 for the elimination of excess manufacturing equipment related to older process technologies. These assets were removed from the production floor and disposed of. In addition, we recorded a charge of approximately $3.1 million relating to the abandonment of certain leasehold improvements and software licenses in connection with the closure of certain U.S. facilities.

 

We have completed the restructuring activities contemplated by the July 2001 plan, but have not yet disposed of the surplus leased facilities. As a result of the July 2001 restructuring activities, we realized approximately $4 million of annual savings relating to fixed cost of sales overhead and approximately $2 million of annual savings relating to operating expenses.

 

In July 2002, we announced our second workforce reduction and restructuring program. This came about as a result of the prolonged downturn in the telecommunications industry and the uncertainty as to when the telecommunications equipment market would recover. The July 2002 workforce reduction and restructuring program was comprised of the following:

 

    Closure of the wafer manufacturing facility—In June 2002, we completed our plan to discontinue manufacturing non-communication ICs and close our internal wafer manufacturing facility in San Diego. As a result, we recorded a total charge of $4.0 million in fiscal 2003. The charge was comprised of severance packages for approximately 70 employees in the manufacturing workforce and estimated facility restoration costs. This was the only wafer fabrication facility owned by us.

 

Our wafer manufacturing facility was closed at the end of March 2003 and the facility was exited at the end of June 2003. During the third quarter of fiscal 2004, we completed the activities contemplated by the plan. As a result, we recorded an adjustment to the restructuring liability for the excess accrued severance and facilities restoration costs, and recognized a restructuring benefit of approximately $537,000. We do not expect any future charges or benefits related to the closure of the wafer manufacturing facility. As a result of the closure of our internal wafer manufacturing facility, we realized annual savings totaling approximately $14 million relating to fixed cost of sales overhead in fiscal 2004.

 

    Global workforce reduction—In an effort to reduce our expenses in July 2002, we implemented a workforce reduction plan, which eliminated approximately 165 employees or 25% of our workforce. The global workforce reduction included the closing of a United States design center and disposal of its related assets and resulted in a charge of $3.0 million. Payments for the employee severance were made in fiscal 2003; amounts for the facility closure were paid through the end of the related lease term in fiscal 2004.

 

We have completed the activities contemplated by the global workforce reduction portion of the July 2002 plan, and no further payments or expenses are anticipated under this program. As a result of the

 

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global workforce reduction undertaken in July 2002, we realized approximately $16 million of annual savings relating to operating expenses in fiscal 2004.

 

As the downturn in the telecommunications industry continued it became evident that further cost reductions were necessary. In April of 2003, we announced our third workforce reduction and restructuring program. The April 2003 restructuring program consisted of a workforce reduction, further consolidation of excess facilities and additional fixed asset disposals. In June 2002, the FASB issued SFAS 146 requiring that costs associated with exit or disposal activities be recognized when they are incurred rather than at the date of a commitment to an exit or disposal plan. Accordingly, restructuring costs of $23.5 million related to the restructuring plan were recognized in the first quarter of fiscal 2004 and approximately $281,000 was recognized in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2003 for severance packages communicated to employees in March 2003. The April 2003 workforce reduction and restructuring program was comprised of the following:

 

    Workforce reduction—Approximately 185 employees have been eliminated, resulting in a severance charge of approximately $5.7 million, which was substantially paid during the first two quarters of fiscal 2004.

 

    Consolidation of excess facilities and other operating leases—As a result of the lower head count resulting from the workforce reduction, we were able to exit certain facilities, including a 58,000 square foot building in San Diego and a substantial portion of the Sunnyvale facility. We recorded a charge of $7.2 million representing the estimated discounted cash flow of the lease payments, less the estimated sublease income. In addition, as a result of the lower head count resulting from the workforce reduction, we disposed of certain software licenses used by the engineering workforce resulting in a charge of $3.4 million, which will be paid over the terms of the respective licenses.

 

    Property and equipment impairments—As a result of lower head count and facility closure we accelerated depreciation and abandoned a substantial amount of leasehold improvements as well as furniture, fixtures and employee workstations. This resulted in a charge of $7.5 million in the first quarter of fiscal 2004 for the abandoned assets.

 

As a result of our April 2003 restructuring activities, we anticipated we would realize approximately $4 million of annual savings relating to fixed cost of sales overhead and approximately $36 million of annual savings relating to operating expenses in fiscal 2004. However, in November 2003 we elected to reoccupy a portion of the 58,000 square foot building in San Diego. This decision was based on the acquisition of JNI Corporation and the need to integrate the operations of the two companies in order to achieve the planned cost savings. As a result of this decision to reoccupy the San Diego building, we reversed a portion of the prior accrual for the excess lease commitment and reinstated the book value of the leasehold improvements, which were previously abandoned. We recorded a net restructuring benefit of approximately $2.4 million related to this activity. In addition, we recorded an adjustment to the amount of accrued severance of approximately $200,000 because we overestimated the amount of severance that would be paid.

 

In November 2003, we implemented a fourth workforce reduction and restructuring. The November 2003 workforce reduction was implemented as a means to achieve certain cost savings anticipated in connection with the fiscal 2004 acquisitions. The restructuring consisted of the elimination of approximately 50 employees and the abandonment of certain leased property. As a result of the November restructuring, the Company recorded a charge of approximately $2.8 million, consisting of $1.2 million for employee severance and $1.6 million for excess facilities costs. The amount for employee severance was substantially paid by the end of fiscal 2004 and the amounts to be paid for the excess lease commitments will be paid over the remaining lease term ending in October 2005. We estimate that as a result of the November 2003 work force reductions we will achieve annual operating expense savings of approximately $7 million in fiscal 2005.

 

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Interest and Other Income and Expenses.    The following table presents interest and other income and expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2004 and March 31, 2003 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase
(Decrease)


   

Change


 
     2004

    2003

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

    % of Net
Revenue


     

Interest income, net

   $ 35,007    26.7 %   $ 47,719     47.0 %   $ (12,712 )   -26.6 %

Other income (expense), net

     8,340    6.4 %     (11,952 )   -11.8 %     20,292     -169.8 %

 

Net Interest Income.    Net interest income reflects interest earned on cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances, as well as realized gains and losses from the sale of short-term investments, less interest expense on our debt and capital lease obligations. The decrease in 2004 is primarily due to lower interest income as a result of lower yields and lower cash balances.

 

Other Income (Expense).    Other income (expense) primarily includes recorded gains and losses on strategic equity investments as well as gains and losses from dispositions of real estate and equipment. Other income (expense) for the year ended March 31, 2004 primarily consisted of a gain on the sale of a parcel of real estate located in Poway, California of approximately $7.6 million and a gain on the sale of a strategic equity investment of approximately $1.0 million. Other income (expense) for the year ended March 31, 2003 primarily consisted of a recognized impairment charge of $13.3 million for certain strategic equity investments and losses of $2.3 million for certain fixed asset disposals, offset by a $3.7 million gain from the sale of real estate.

 

Income Taxes.    Our income tax benefit in fiscal 2004 was $1.8 million. The benefit primarily reflects the reversal of our income tax accrual upon the completion of an IRS audit for the fiscal years through 2001. No additional income tax benefits were accorded for our tax losses in fiscal 2004 or 2003 because we believe that it is more likely that these assets will not be utilized because of our recent cumulative losses and full utilization of our loss carrybacks. Accordingly, we have provided a full valuation allowance for these deferred tax assets. At March 31, 2004, we provided a valuation allowance against our net deferred tax assets in the amount of $396.2 million.

 

Comparison of the Year Ended March 31, 2003 to the Year Ended March 31, 2002

 

Net Revenues.    Net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2003 were approximately $101.6 million, representing a decrease of 34% from the net revenues of approximately $152.8 million for the year ended March 31, 2002. The decline in revenues was primarily due to a decrease in the volume of shipments of our communications ICs, reflecting reduced demand for our communications products as our customers faced slower demand for their products. This decrease in the volume of shipments of our communications ICs was partially offset by increases in the revenues of our non-communications ICs. The increase in non-communications IC revenues was driven by the fulfillment of certain last-time-buy orders generated as a result of the closure of our wafer fabrication facility at which the majority of our non-communications ICs were made. See the following table (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase
(Decrease)


   

Change


 
     2003

    2002

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Communications

   $ 65,577    64.6 %   $ 128,273    83.9 %   $ (62,696 )   -48.9 %

Other

     36,014    35.4 %     24,567    16.1 %     11,447     46.6 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

Net revenue

   $ 101,591    100.0 %   $ 152,840    100.0 %   $ (51,249 )   -33.5 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

Revenues based on direct shipments outside of the United States of America accounted for 41% of net revenues for the year ended March 31, 2003, compared to 42% for the year ended March 31, 2002.

 

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Gross Profit.    The following table presents net revenue, cost of revenue and gross profit for fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase

(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2003

    2002

     
     Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


    Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


     

Net revenue

   $ 101,591    100.0 %   $ 152,840    100.0 %   $ (51,249 )   -33.5 %

Cost of revenues

     61,900    60.9 %     150,924    98.7 %     (89,024 )   -59.0 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

Gross profit

   $ 39,691    39.1 %   $ 1,916    1.3 %   $ 37,775     1971.6 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

The net increase in gross profit is primarily attributable to a decrease in non-cash acquisition-related charges of $52 million and a special charge of $15.9 million in fiscal 2002 for excess inventory, which were partially offset by approximately $4.0 million of increased under-utilization of our wafer fabrication and testing facilities, a decrease in the volume of product shipments, and accelerated depreciation as a result of the closure of the internal wafer fabrication facility of $2.0 million. Approximately $6.3 million and $58.3 million of non-cash purchased intangible charges were included in cost of revenues in the years ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

Research and Development and Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    The following table presents research and development and selling, general and administrative expenses for fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase

(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2003

    2002

     
     Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


    Amount

  

% of Net

Revenue


     

Research and development

   $ 131,909    129.8 %   $ 154,622    101.2 %   $ (22,713 )   -14.7 %

Selling, general and administrative

     59,588    58.7 %     75,656    49.5 %     (16,068 )   -21.2 %

 

Research and Development.    The decrease in R&D spending for the year ended March 31, 2003 is a result of streamlining and prioritizing of our product development efforts, a reduction of subcontracting costs of $9.9 million and reduced payroll and related benefit expenses of $13.4 million due to the effect of our workforce reductions.

 

Selling, General and Administrative.    The decrease in SG&A expenses in absolute dollars was primarily attributable to the decrease in payroll and related benefit expenses of $6.7 million as a result of reduced headcount, decreases in sales commissions of $2.3 million as a result of lower net revenues and decreases of $0.6 million in travel expenses and $1.2 million in marketing expenses as we reduced discretionary spending.

 

Stock-Based Compensation.    The following table presents stock-based compensation expense for employees engaged in research and development and selling, general and administrative activities for fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002, all of which was excluded from those operating expenses (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2003

    2002

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Research and development

   $ 70,840    69.7 %   $ 71,760    47.0 %   $ (920 )   -1.3 %

Selling, general and administrative

     58,510    57.6 %     66,425    43.5 %     (7,915 )   -11.9 %
    

  

 

  

 


     
     $ 129,350    127.3 %   $ 138,185    90.5 %   $ (8,835 )   -6.4 %
    

  

 

  

 


     

 

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Stock-based compensation expense represents the amortization of deferred compensation related to acquisitions. Deferred compensation is the difference between the fair value of our common stock at the date of each acquisition and the exercise price of the unvested stock options assumed in the acquisition. In fiscal 2001, we recorded approximately $438.8 million of deferred compensation, in connection with stock options assumed in our purchase acquisitions. Stock-based compensation charges, including amounts charged to cost of revenues, were $131.9 million and $147.1 million for the years ended March 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively.

 

Goodwill and Purchased Intangible Asset Impairment Charges.    The following table presents goodwill and purchased intangible asset impairment charges for fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

    Increase
(Decrease)


    Change

 
     2003

    2002

     
     Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


    Amount

   % of Net
Revenue


     

Purchased intangible asset impairment charges

   $ 204,284    201.1 %   $ —      0.0 %   $ 204,284     100.0 %

Goodwill impairment charges

     186,389    183.5 %     3,101,817    2029.5 %     (2,915,428 )   -94.0 %

 

Upon adoption of SFAS 142 during the first quarter of fiscal 2003, we completed our initial goodwill impairment review. As a result, we recorded a $102.2 million non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill, which is reflected as the cumulative effect of an accounting change in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. In performing the fair value analysis as required under SFAS 142, it became evident, as a result of lower revenue forecasts, that certain other purchased intangible assets were also impaired. As a result, we performed an analysis of these assets as required under SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” and recorded non-cash charges in the year ended March 31, 2003 of $187.9 million for the impairment of developed technology and $16.3 million as a result of the abandonment of the MMC Networks trademark. These amounts are reflected as components of operating loss. Throughout fiscal 2003, the estimates of carrier capital equipment spending continued to decline and for much of the year our book value exceeded our market capitalization. To coincide with our annual long range planning process we assess goodwill for impairment annually in the forth quarter. As a result of a decline in our estimated long-range net revenue, and particularly, the long-range revenue associated with our acquired businesses, we determined that goodwill was further impaired and recorded an additional $186.4 million impairment charge to reduce the carrying value of goodwill, which is also reflected as a component of operating loss.

 

Prior to the adoption of SFAS 142, we reviewed the value of our intangible assets in accordance with SFAS No. 121, “Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets and Long-Lived Assets to Be Disposed Of”, or SFAS 121. In the first quarter of the year ended March 31, 2002, industry conditions were weak, market valuations had dropped significantly and estimates of carrier capital equipment spending in the future were significantly reduced. These macro economic factors significantly reduced the estimated revenue and cash flows expected to be generated by our acquired companies. As a result, we determined that there were indicators of impairment to the carrying value of our goodwill and purchased intangibles. Based on an analysis of the estimated cash flows related to the acquired companies we recorded a charge of $3.1 billion to write down the value of these intangible assets.

 

Amortization of Goodwill and Purchased Intangibles.    Goodwill is recorded as the amount by which the aggregate consideration paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired. Purchased intangible assets acquired include developed technology, trademarks and assembled workforce. Upon the adoption of SFAS 142 in April 2002, we ceased amortizing goodwill and reclassified $6.3 million of assembled workforce to goodwill. Including the amortization of the developed technology component of cost of revenues, amortization of goodwill and purchased intangible assets was $6.3 million for the year ended March 31, 2003, compared to $297.9 million for the year ended March 31, 2002.

 

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Restructuring Charges.    Restructuring charges for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 were $7.3 million, representing a decrease of 37% from the restructuring charges for the year ended March 31, 2002 of $11.6 million.

 

Interest and Other Income and Expenses.    The following table presents interest and other income and expenses for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2003 and March 31, 2002 (in thousands):

 

     Fiscal Years Ended March 31,

   

Increase

(Decrease)


   Change

 
     2003

    2002

      
     Amount

   

% of Net

Revenue


    Amount

   

% of Net

Revenue


      

Interest income, net

   $ 47,719     47.0 %   $ 47,477     31.1 %   $ 242    0.5 %

Other income (expense), net

     (11,952 )   -11.8 %     (14,592 )   -9.5 %     2,640    -18.1 %

 

Net Interest Income.    Net interest income for the year ended March 31, 2003 was consistent with the year ended March 31, 2002, due to the realization of gains on sales of short-term investments offset by lower interest income due to lower yields and cash balances in fiscal 2003.