10-K 1 v05863e10vk.htm FORM 10-K e10vk
Table of Contents

 
 
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, DC 20549
Form 10-K
     
(Mark One)
   
þ
  ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
 
    For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004
 
OR
 
o
  TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 [NO FEE REQUIRED]
 
    For the transition period from           to
Commission File Number 1-8957
ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
     
Delaware
  91-1292054
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
19300 International Boulevard, Seattle, Washington 98188
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:
(206) 392-5040
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
     
Title of Each Class   Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
     
Common Stock, $1.00 Par Value
  New York Stock Exchange
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes þ          No o
      Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     þ
      Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an accelerated filer (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2).     Yes þ          No o
      As of December 31, 2004, shares of common stock outstanding totaled 27,126,020. The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock of Alaska Air Group, Inc. held by nonaffiliates on June 30, 2004, was approximately $646 million (based on the closing price of $23.87 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on that date).
DOCUMENTS TO BE INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
     
Title of Document   Part Hereof into Which Document is to be Incorporated
     
Definitive Proxy Statement Relating to 2005 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
  Part III
 
 


ALASKA AIR GROUP, INC.
Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004
TABLE OF CONTENTS
           
 PART I   3
     BUSINESS   3
     PROPERTIES   13
     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS   14
     SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS   14
 PART II   15
     MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS   15
     SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA   17
     MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS   23
     QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK   47
     CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA   48
     CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE   48
     CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES   49
 PART III   49
     DIRECTORS AND EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT   49
     EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION   50
     SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT   50
     CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS   50
     PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES   50
 PART IV   51
     EXHIBITS, CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES   51
 SIGNATURES   52
 EXHIBIT 10.2
 EXHIBIT 10.19
 EXHIBIT 12.1
 EXHIBIT 21
 EXHIBIT 23.1
 EXHIBIT 23.2
 EXHIBIT 31.1
 EXHIBIT 31.2
 EXHIBIT 32.1
 EXHIBIT 32.2
Cautionary Note regarding Forward-Looking Statements
      In addition to historical information, this Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements are those that predict or describe future events or trends and that do not relate solely to historical matters. You can generally identify forward-looking statements as statements containing the words “believe,” “expect,” “will,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “assume” or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. All statements in this report regarding our future strategy, future operations, projected financial position, estimated future revenues, projected costs, future prospects, and results that might be obtained by pursuing management’s current plans and objectives are forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on our forward-looking statements because the matters they describe are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our forward-looking statements are based on the information currently available to us and speak only as of the date on which this report was filed with the SEC. We expressly disclaim any obligation to issue any updates or revisions to our forward-looking statements, even if subsequent events cause our expectations to change regarding the matters discussed in those statements. Over time, our actual results, performance or achievements will likely differ from the anticipated results, performance or achievements that are expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements, and such differences might be significant and materially adverse to our stockholders. Many important factors that could cause such a difference are described in this Annual Report, beginning on page 41, under the caption “Risk Factors,” under Item 7 below, which you should review carefully. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of those risks as you read this report.

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PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
GENERAL INFORMATION
      Alaska Air Group, Inc. (Air Group or the Company) is a holding company that was incorporated in Delaware in 1985. Our two principal subsidiaries are Alaska Airlines, Inc. (Alaska) and Horizon Air Industries, Inc. (Horizon). Both subsidiaries operate as airlines, although their business plans, competition, and economic risks differ substantially. Alaska is a major airline, operates an all-jet fleet, and its average passenger trip length is 996 miles. Horizon is a regional airline, operates jet and turboprop aircraft, and its average passenger trip is 363 miles. Individual financial information for Alaska and Horizon is reported in Note 12 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
      Air Group’s executive offices are located at 19300 International Boulevard, Seattle, Washington, 98188. Air Group’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports are accessible free of charge at www.alaskaair.com. The information contained on our website is not a part of this annual report on Form 10-K. As used in this Form 10-K, the terms “Air Group,” “our,” “we” and the “Company” refer to Alaska Air Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.
Alaska
      Alaska Airlines, Inc. is an Alaska corporation that was organized in 1932 and incorporated in 1937. Alaska principally serves 39 cities in six western states (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California, Nevada, and Arizona) and Canada and nine cities in Mexico. Alaska also provides non-stop service between Seattle and five eastern cities (Washington, D.C., Boston, Miami, Orlando, and Newark), between Seattle and Denver, Seattle and Chicago, between Los Angeles and Washington, D.C. and between Anchorage and Chicago. In each year since 1973, Alaska has carried more passengers between Alaska and the U.S. mainland than any other airline. In 2004, Alaska carried 16.3 million revenue passengers. Passenger traffic within Alaska and between Alaska and the U.S. mainland accounted for 20% of Alaska’s 2004 revenue passenger miles, West Coast traffic (including Canada) accounted for 53%, the Mexico markets accounted for 10% and other markets accounted for 17%. Based on passenger enplanements, Alaska’s leading airports are Seattle, Los Angeles, Portland and Anchorage. Based on 2004 revenues, its leading nonstop routes are Seattle-Anchorage, Seattle-Los Angeles, and Seattle-San Diego. At December 31, 2004, Alaska’s operating fleet consisted of 108 jet aircraft.
Horizon
      Horizon Air Industries, Inc., a Washington corporation that first began service in 1981, was incorporated in 1982 and was acquired by Air Group in 1986. It is the largest regional airline in the Pacific Northwest, and serves 40 cities in six states (Washington, Oregon, Montana, Idaho, California and Colorado) and six cities in Canada. In 2004, Horizon carried 5.9 million revenue passengers. Based on passenger enplanements, Horizon’s leading airports are Seattle, Portland, Spokane, and Boise. Based on revenues in 2004, its leading nonstop routes are Seattle-Portland, Seattle-Spokane, Seattle-Vancouver and Seattle-Calgary. At December 31, 2004, Horizon’s operating fleet consisted of 18 jets and 47 turboprop aircraft, with the jets providing 35% of the 2004 capacity. Except for those flights operating as Frontier JetExpress, Horizon flights are listed under the Alaska Airlines designator code in airline reservation systems.
      On January 1, 2004, Horizon began operating regional jet service branded as Frontier JetExpress under a 12-year agreement with Frontier Airlines. Service under this agreement became fully operational during the second quarter of 2004 and Horizon is currently operating nine regional jet aircraft under the Frontier JetExpress brand. Flying under this agreement represented 21.4% of Horizon’s 2004 capacity and 9.1% of passenger revenues. For the fourth quarter (which is representative of ongoing operations), flying under this agreement represented 23.1% of Horizon’s fourth quarter capacity and 9.9% of passenger revenue.

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      The arrangement with Frontier provides for reimbursement of costs plus a base mark-up and certain incentives. However, since Horizon is not responsible for many of the typical costs of operations such as fuel, landing fees, marketing costs and station labor and rents and combined with longer trip lengths, revenue per ASM, cost per ASM and cost per ASM excluding fuel for this flying is significantly lower than Horizon’s native network flying.
      Alaska and Horizon coordinate their flight schedules to provide service between any two points served by their systems. In 2004, 28% of Horizon’s passengers connected to flights operated by Alaska compared to 31% in 2003. We believe both airlines distinguish themselves from competitors by providing a higher level of customer service in the form of attention to customer needs, advance seat assignments, expedited check-in, well-maintained aircraft, a first-class section aboard Alaska aircraft, a generous frequent flyer program and other amenities.
Industry Conditions
      The airline industry is highly competitive. Airline results are sensitive to passenger demand, ticket prices, labor costs and fuel costs. Passenger demand and ticket prices are, to a large measure, influenced by the general state of the economy, current events and industry capacity. Our industry was negatively impacted by weak economic conditions during 2001, 2002 and the first half of 2003, the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks and continued hostilities in the Middle East. Economic conditions in the second half of 2003 and through 2004 improved somewhat, resulting in stronger demand and higher traffic levels. Due to the industry’s high fixed costs in relation to revenue, a small change in load factors or fare levels has a large impact on profits.
      Labor costs generally make up 30% to 40% of an airlines’ total operating costs. Most major airlines, including ours, have employee groups who are represented by collective bargaining agents. Often, airlines with unionized work forces have higher labor costs than carriers without unionized work forces, and may not have the ability to adjust labor costs downward fast enough to respond to new competition. Our wage and benefit costs increased 3% in 2004, 9% in 2003 and 8% in 2002.
      Fuel prices generally make up 15% to 25% of an airline’s operating costs. Fuel prices can be volatile and largely uncontrollable. In 2004, fuel prices increased significantly. Our economic fuel cost per gallon (which is the net price we pay after the benefit of fuel hedges) increased 39% and 14% in 2004 and 2003, respectively, and decreased 10% in 2002.
      The industry is currently in a state of flux. So called “Low Cost Carriers” (LCCs) have grown rapidly in recent years and currently enjoy a 30% share of total passengers carried in the United States. Because of their cost advantage, LCCs have contributed to an overall decline in ticket yields. The lower yield environment, coupled with high fuel costs, has been problematic for the higher cost “Legacy Carriers”, a number of which are operating under bankruptcy court protection. Because of the relatively low barriers to entry, we expect the expansion of low cost and low fare carriers to continue. Some legacy carriers, such as Delta and United, have launched their own low fare airlines (Song and Ted). We compete with many of these carriers now, and expect to compete with additional entrants in the future.
      Most major US carriers, including Alaska, are working aggressively to cut operating costs, including renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements and vendor agreements.
      As discussed in Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements, in April 2003, the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act (the Act) was signed into legislation. The Act includes $2.3 billion of one-time cash payments to air carriers, allocated based on each carrier’s share of security fees remitted and carrier fees paid to the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) since its inception in February 2002. Additionally, passenger security fees were not imposed by the TSA and carrier fees were not paid during the period June 1, 2003 through September 30, 2003. In May 2003, we received our share of the one-time cash grant in the amount of $71.4 million ($52.8 million for Alaska and $18.6 million for Horizon).

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MARKETING AND COMPETITION
Alliances with Other Airlines
      Alaska and Horizon have marketing alliances with other airlines that provide reciprocal frequent flyer mileage accrual and redemption privileges and code sharing on certain flights as set forth below. Alliances enhance Alaska’s and Horizon’s revenues by offering our customers more travel destinations and better mileage accrual/redemption opportunities by gaining us access to more connecting traffic from other airlines, and by providing members of our alliance partners’ frequent flyer programs an opportunity to travel on Alaska and Horizon while earning mileage credit in our partners’ programs. Our marketing agreements have various termination dates and at any time, one or more may be in the process of renegotiation. If a significant agreement were terminated, it could adversely impact revenues and increase the costs of our other marketing agreements. Most of our code share relationships are free-sell code shares, where the marketing carrier sells seats on the operating carrier’s flights from the operating carrier’s inventory, but takes no inventory risk. The table below identifies our marketing alliances with other airlines as of December 31, 2004.
                         
        Code Sharing —   Code Sharing —
    Frequent   Alaska Flight #   Other Airline Flight #
    Flyer   on Flights Operated   on Flights Operated
    Agreement   by Other Airline   by Alaska/Horizon
             
Major U.S. or International Airlines
                       
American Airlines/ American Eagle
    Yes       Yes       Yes  
British Airways
    Yes       No       No  
Cathay Pacific Airways
    Yes       No       No  
Continental Airlines
    Yes       Yes       Yes  
Delta
    Yes       Yes       Yes  
Frontier Airlines**
    No       No       Yes  
Hawaiian Airlines
    Yes       Yes       Yes  
KLM
    Yes       No       Yes  
Lan Chile
    Yes       No       Yes  
Northwest Airlines
    Yes       Yes       Yes  
Qantas
    Yes       No       Yes  
Commuter Airlines
                       
Era Aviation
    Yes *     Yes       No  
PenAir
    Yes *     Yes       No  
Big Sky Airlines
    Yes *     Yes       No  
Helijet International
    Yes *     Yes       No  
 
  This airline does not have its own frequent flyer program. However, Alaska’s Mileage Plan members can accrue and redeem miles on this airline’s route system.
**  Capacity purchase arrangement as described under “Business — General Information — Horizon.”
Competition
      Competition in the airline industry is intense. We believe the principal competitive factors in the industry that are important to customers are:
  •  safety record and reputation;
 
  •  fares;
 
  •  customer service;
 
  •  routes served;

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  •  flight schedules;
 
  •  frequent flyer programs;
 
  •  on-time arrivals;
 
  •  on-board amenities;
 
  •  type of aircraft and
 
  •  code-sharing relationships.
      Any domestic air carrier issued a certificate of public convenience and necessity by the Department of Transportation is allowed to operate scheduled passenger service in the United States. Together, Alaska and Horizon carry approximately 3.2% of all U.S. domestic passenger traffic. Alaska and Horizon compete with one or more domestic or foreign airlines on most of their routes, including Southwest Airlines, United Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Continental Airlines, American Airlines, Delta Airlines and regional affiliates associated with some of these carriers. Many of our competitors are substantially larger than Alaska and Horizon, have greater financial resources, and have more extensive route systems. In addition, continuing growth of low-cost carriers, including Southwest Airlines, AirTran Airways, American Trans Air, Frontier Airlines and jetBlue Airways in the United States places significant competitive pressures on us and other network carriers since they have the ability to charge a lower fare for travel between similar cities and thus exert downward pressure on yields. Due to its short haul markets, Horizon also competes with ground transportation, including train, bus and automobile transportation.
      We also compete with other airlines for skilled employees such as pilots, flight attendants, ramp service employees, customer service agents and aircraft mechanics.
Ticket Distribution
      Airline tickets are distributed through three primary channels:
  •  Airline websites such as alaskaair.com or horizonair.com. It is less expensive for us to sell through these direct channels and, as a result, we continue to invest heavily in its online capabilities.
 
  •  Telephone reservation call centers.
 
  •  Traditional and online travel agents. Consumer reliance on traditional travel agencies is shrinking, while usage of online travel agencies is increasing. Both traditional and online travel agencies typically use Global Distribution Systems (GDS), such as Sabre, to obtain their fare and inventory data from airlines. Bookings made through these agencies result in a fee, the “GDS fee”, that is charged to the airline.
      We currently participate in all of these distribution channels, but we cannot predict the terms on which we may be able to continue to participate in these or other sites, or their effect on our ability to compete with other airlines.
EMPLOYEES
      The airline business is labor intensive. Alaska and Horizon had 10,850 and 3,734, respectively, active full-time and part-time employees at December 31, 2004. Wages, salaries and benefits represented approximately 35% of our total operating expenses in 2004.
      At December 31, 2004, labor unions represented 83% of Alaska’s and 45% of Horizon’s employees. Our relations with our labor organizations are governed by the Railway Labor Act. Under this act, the collective bargaining agreements between the respective airlines and these organizations do not expire but instead become amendable as of a stated date. If either party wishes to modify the terms of any such agreement, it must notify the other party in the manner described in the agreement. After receipt of such notice, the parties must meet for direct negotiations, and if no agreement is reached, either party may request the National Mediation Board to appoint a federal mediator. If no agreement is reached in mediation, the National

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Mediation Board may declare that an impasse exists, at which point the National Mediation Board proffers binding arbitration to the parties. Either party may decline to submit to arbitration. If arbitration is rejected by either party, a 30-day “cooling off” period commences. During that period, a Presidential Emergency Board may be established, which examines the parties’ positions and recommends a solution. The Presidential Emergency Board process lasts for 30 days and is followed by a “cooling off” period of 30 days. At the end of a “cooling off” period, unless an agreement is reached or action is taken by Congress, the labor organization may strike and the airline may resort to “self-help”, including the imposition of any or all of its proposed amendments and the hiring of workers to replace strikers.
      Two of Alaska’s collective bargaining agreements contain provisions for interest arbitration. Under interest arbitration, if the parties have not negotiated the contract by a predetermined date, each side may submit a prescribed number of issues to binding arbitration. The arbitrator’s decision on those issues is incorporated into the collective bargaining agreement, and no strike or company “self-help” may occur.
      The collective bargaining agreement with the dispatchers is open for negotiation on wage rates in March 2005. If the parties are unable to reach an agreement, there is an interest arbitration provision related only to wages.
      The pilot contract provides that, if an agreement on the entire contract was not reached by December 15, 2004, ten contract issues plus wage rates would be submitted to an interest arbitrator. Issues submitted generally relate to pension plans, medical insurance, profit sharing, code sharing and work rules. The parties did not reach an agreement, and the issues have been submitted to binding arbitration in March 2005 with a decision to be effective in May 2005. The pilot labor contract contains market related standards for wages and non-wage issues.
      Alaska’s union contracts at December 31, 2004 were as follows:
                       
        Number of    
Union   Employee Group   Employees   Contract Status
             
Air Line Pilots Association International (ALPA)
  Pilots     1,462       Amendable 4/30/05*  
                Submitted to interest arbitration
 
Association of Flight Attendants (AFA)
  Flight attendants     2,321       In Negotiations  
 
International Association of
                   
 
Machinists and Aerospace
                   
 
Workers (IAM/ RSSA)
  Ramp service and stock clerks     1,108       In Negotiations  
      Clerical, office and passenger service     2,913       In Negotiations  
 
Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association (AMFA)
  Mechanics, inspectors and cleaners     1,096       In Negotiations  
 
Mexico Workers Association of Air Transport
  Mexico airport personnel     77       Amendable 9/29/06  
 
Transport Workers Union of America (TWU)
  Dispatchers     33       Amendable 6/30/07*  
 
Collective bargaining agreement contains interest arbitration provision.

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      Horizon’s union contracts at December 31, 2004 were as follows:
                     
        Number of    
Union   Employee Group   Employees   Contract Status
             
International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT)
  Pilots     688       Amendable 9/12/06  
 
AFA
  Flight attendants     482       Amendable 11/21/07  
 
AMFA
  Mechanics and related classifications     426       In Negotiations  
 
TWU
  Dispatchers     21       Amendable 9/11/05  
 
National Automobile, Aerospace, Transportation and General Workers
  Station personnel in Vancouver and Victoria, BC, Canada     81       Amendable 2/14/07  
REGULATION
General
      The Airline Deregulation Act of 1978, as amended, eliminated most domestic economic regulation of passenger and freight transportation. However, the Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) still exercise regulatory authority over air carriers. In order to provide passenger and cargo air transportation in the U.S., a domestic airline is required to hold a certificate of public convenience and necessity issued by the Department of Transportation. Subject to certain individual airport capacity, noise and other restrictions, this certificate permits an air carrier to operate between any two points in the U.S. A certificate is of unlimited duration, but may be revoked for failure to comply with federal aviation statutes, regulations, orders or the terms of the certificate itself. In addition, the Department of Transportation maintains jurisdiction over the approval of international code share agreements, alliance agreements between domestic major airlines, international route authorities and certain consumer protection matters, such as advertising, denied boarding compensation and baggage liability.
      The FAA regulates aircraft operations generally, including establishing personnel, maintenance and flight operation standards. Domestic airlines are required to hold a valid air carrier operating certificate issued by the FAA. Pursuant to these regulations, we have established, and the FAA has approved, a maintenance program for each type of aircraft we operate that provides for the ongoing maintenance of such aircraft, ranging from frequent routine inspections to major overhauls. From time to time the FAA issues airworthiness directives (ADs) that must be incorporated into our aircraft. We are and expect to be in compliance with all applicable requirements of these ADs within the required time periods.
      The Department of Justice has jurisdiction over airline antitrust matters. The U.S. Postal Service has jurisdiction over certain aspects of the transportation of mail and related services. Labor relations in the air transportation industry are regulated under the Railway Labor Act, which vests in the National Mediation Board (NMB) certain functions with respect to disputes between airlines and labor unions relating to union representation and collective bargaining agreements. To the extent we continue to pursue alliances with international carriers, we may be subject to certain regulations of foreign agencies.
      In November 2001, the Aviation and Transportation Security Act (the Security Act) was enacted. The Security Act created a new government agency, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which is now part of the Department of Homeland Security and is responsible for aviation security. The Security Act mandates that the TSA shall provide for the screening of all passengers and property, including U.S. mail, cargo, carry-on and checked baggage, and other articles that will be carried aboard a passenger aircraft. The TSA performs these functions with its own federal employees. On December 31, 2002, the TSA began explosive detection screening of all checked baggage. The TSA also provides for increased security on flight decks of aircraft and requires federal air marshals to be present on certain flights.
      Effective February 1, 2002, the Security Act imposed a $2.50 per enplanement security service fee (maximum $5.00 one-way fee) which is collected by the air carriers and submitted to the government to pay

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for these enhanced security measures. In addition, carriers are required to pay an additional amount to the TSA to cover the total cost of providing security measures equal to the amount the air carriers paid for screening passengers and property in 2000. We paid $12.6 million, $8.4 million and $9.9 million to the TSA for this security charge in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
      Recently, the United States Department of Homeland Security proposed raising the aviation security fee from $2.50 per one-way segment to $5.50 per one-way segment (or maximum of $8 for a one way trip with multiple segments). Although fees and taxes are often viewed by lawmakers as pass through costs, we believe that the demand for air travel is highly sensitive to price. Since all such increases affect the total ticket price paid by consumers, we believe that they would reduce passenger traffic and could have a negative impact on our results.
      The Department of Transportation, under its authority to prevent unfair competitive practices in the industry, has from time to time considered the issuance of pricing and capacity rules that would limit major air carriers’ competitive response to new entrant carriers. Although the Department of Transportation has thus far declined to issue specific competitive guidelines, it reiterated its intent to prevent what it considers to be unfair competitive practices in the industry, and to pursue enforcement actions on a case-by-case basis. To the extent that future Department of Transportation enforcement actions either directly or indirectly impose restrictions upon our ability to respond to competitors, our business may be adversely impacted. Conversely, a relaxation in either unfair competition enforcement or restrictions could limit our ability to enter new markets or harm our operating results for markets that we have recently entered.
Airline Fares
      Airlines are permitted to establish their own domestic fares without governmental regulation, and the industry is characterized by vigorous price competition. The Department of Transportation maintains authority over international (generally outside of North America) fares, rates and charges. International fares and rates are also subject to the jurisdiction of the governments of the foreign countries we serve. While air carriers are required to file and adhere to international fare and rate tariffs, substantial commissions, overrides and discounts to travel agents, brokers and wholesalers characterize many international markets.
      Legislation, sometimes referred to as the “Passengers’ Bill of Rights,” has been discussed in Congress and state legislatures. This legislation could, if enacted, place various limitations on airline fares and/or affect operating practices such as baggage handling and overbooking. In 1999, we, as well as other domestic airlines, implemented a Customer Service Plan to address a number of service goals, including, but not limited to goals relating to lowest fare availability, delays, cancellations and diversions, baggage delivery and liability, guaranteed fares and ticket refunds.
      To the extent legislation is enacted that would inhibit our flexibility with respect to fares, our revenue management system, our operations or other aspects of our customer service operations, our financial results could be adversely affected.
      Fare discounting by competitors has historically had a negative effect on our financial results because we generally match competitors’ fares to maintain passenger traffic. During recent years, a number of new low-cost airlines have entered the domestic market and several major airlines, including Alaska and Horizon, implemented efforts to lower their cost structures. Further fare reductions, domestic and international, may occur in the future. If fare reductions are not offset by increases in passenger traffic, cost reductions or changes in the mix of traffic that improves yields, our operating results will be negatively impacted.
      In February 2004, Alaska initiated a fare simplification plan whereby a number of restrictions were eliminated and the gap between the highest and lowest fares was reduced. The goal of this initiative was to increase customer value and simplify the customer’s purchase decision by reducing the number of fares sold. We believe this initiative was revenue neutral overall.

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Airport Access
      Heavily used airports may have restrictions with respect to the number of permitted take-offs and landings, the total permitted annual seat capacity to be operated at an airport, the use or allocation of airport slots, or other restrictions. We currently have sufficient authorizations to operate our existing flights and have generally been able to obtain gates to expand our operations and change our schedules. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain authorizations for these purposes in the future, or be able to do so on economical terms.
Environmental Matters
      We are subject to various laws and government regulations concerning environmental matters and employee safety and health in the U.S. and other countries. U.S. federal laws that have a particular impact on us include the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990, the Clean Air Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act, and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, or Superfund Act. We are also subject to the oversight of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, known as OSHA, concerning employee safety and health matters. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, or EPA, OSHA, and other federal agencies have been authorized to promulgate regulations that have an impact on our operations. In addition to these federal activities, various states have been delegated certain authorities under the aforementioned federal statutes. Many state and local governments have adopted environmental and employee safety and health laws and regulations, some of which are similar to federal requirements. We maintain our own continuing safety, health and environmental programs in order to meet or exceed these requirements.
      The Airport Noise and Capacity Act recognizes the rights of airport operators with noise problems to implement local noise abatement programs so long as they do not interfere unreasonably with interstate or foreign commerce or the national air transportation system. Authorities in several cities have promulgated aircraft noise reduction programs, including the imposition of nighttime curfews. The Airport Noise and Capacity Act generally requires FAA approval of local noise restrictions on aircraft. While we have had sufficient scheduling flexibility to accommodate local noise restrictions imposed to date, our operations could be adversely affected if such regulations become more restrictive or widespread.
      Although we do not currently anticipate that these regulatory matters, individually or collectively, will have a material impact on our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows, we cannot assure you that new regulations or compliance issues that we do not currently anticipate will not harm our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows in future periods.
FUEL
      Our operations are significantly affected by the availability and price of jet fuel. Fuel costs were approximately 19% of our total operating expenses in 2004 and 15% in 2003. Fuel prices, which can be volatile and which are outside of our control, can have a significant impact on our operating results. Currently, a one-cent change in the fuel price per gallon affects annual fuel costs by approximately $4.0 million. We believe that operating fuel-efficient aircraft helps to mitigate the effect of high fuel prices.
      We purchase fuel hedge contracts to reduce our exposure to fluctuations in the price of jet fuel. Due to the competitive nature of the airline industry, airlines often are unable to pass on increased fuel prices to customers by increasing fares. Conversely, any potential benefit of lower fuel prices may be offset by increased fare competition and lower revenues. Because of rising fuel prices, our fuel hedging program has resulted in significant savings over the last three years. See Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for a discussion of our fuel hedging activities.
      While we do not currently anticipate a significant reduction in fuel availability, dependency on foreign imports of crude oil and the possibility of changes in government policy on jet fuel production, transportation and marketing make it impossible to predict the future availability of jet fuel. In the event of significant hostilities or other conflicts in oil producing areas, there could be reductions in the production and/or

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importation of crude oil and price increases, which could adversely affect our business. If there were major reductions in the availability of jet fuel, our business would be adversely affected.
FREQUENT FLYER PROGRAM
      All major airlines have developed frequent flyer programs as a way of increasing passenger loyalty. Alaska’s Mileage Plan allows members to earn mileage by flying on Alaska, Horizon and other participating airlines, and by using the services of non-airline partners, which include a credit card partner, telephone companies, hotels, and car rental agencies. Alaska is paid by non-airline partners for the miles it credits to member accounts. With advance notice, Alaska has the ability to change the Mileage Plan terms, conditions, partners, mileage credits, and award levels or terminate the program.
      Mileage can be redeemed for free or discounted travel and for other travel industry awards. Upon accumulating the necessary mileage, members notify Alaska of their award selection. Over 75% of the free flight awards on Alaska and Horizon are subject to blackout dates and capacity-controlled seating. Mileage Plan accounts are generally deleted after three years of inactivity in that member’s account. As of December 31, 2004 and 2003, Alaska estimated that 2,493,000 and 2,353,000, respectively, round-trip flight awards were eligible for redemption by Mileage Plan members who have mileage credits exceeding the 20,000-mile free round-trip domestic ticket award threshold. Of those eligible awards, Alaska estimated that approximately 88% of those awards would ultimately be redeemed. For the years 2004, 2003 and 2002, approximately 631,000, 606,000, and 441,000 round-trip flight awards were redeemed and flown on Alaska and Horizon. Those awards represent approximately 7.3% for 2004, 8.7% for 2003 and 6.8% for 2002 of the total passenger miles flown on Alaska and Horizon for each period. For the years 2004, 2003 and 2002, approximately 212,000, 174,000 and 174,000, respectively, round-trip flight awards were redeemed and flown on airline partners.
      For miles earned by flying on Alaska and travel partners, the estimated incremental cost of providing free travel awards is recognized as a selling expense and accrued as a liability as miles are accumulated. The incremental cost does not include a contribution to overhead, aircraft cost, or profit. Alaska also sells mileage credits to non-airline partners, such as hotels, car rental agencies, and a national bank that rewards users of its credit card. Alaska defers a majority of the sales proceeds, and recognizes these proceeds as revenue when the award transportation is provided on Alaska or another partner airline. The deferred proceeds are recognized as passenger revenue for awards issued and flown on Alaska or Horizon and as other revenue-net for awards issued and flown on other airlines. At December 31, 2004 and 2003, the deferred revenue and the total liability for providing free travel on Alaska and Horizon and for estimated payments to partner airlines was $409.3 million and $336.0 million, respectively, the majority of which is deferred revenue from the sale of mileage credits.
OTHER INFORMATION
Seasonality and Other Factors
      Our results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of those for the entire year, because our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. Our operating income is generally lowest (or loss the greatest) during the first and fourth quarters due principally to lower traffic and sometimes due to adverse weather conditions, generally increases in the second quarter and generally reaches its highest level during the third quarter.
      The airline industry is characterized generally by low profit margins and high fixed costs, primarily for wages, aircraft fuel, debt service and rent. The expenses of an aircraft flight do not vary significantly with the number of passengers carried and, as a result, a relatively small change in the number of passengers or in pricing has a disproportionate effect on an airline’s operating and financial results. Accordingly, a minor

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shortfall in expected revenue levels could cause a disproportionately negative impact on our operating results. In addition to passenger loads, factors that could cause our quarterly operating results to vary include:
  •  changes in fuel, security and insurance costs,
 
  •  increases in personnel, marketing, aircraft ownership and other operating expenses to support our existing operation and anticipated growth,
 
  •  the timing and amount of maintenance expenditures,
 
  •  the timing and success of our growth plan as we increase flights in existing markets and enter new markets and
 
  •  pricing initiatives, both internal and external.
      In addition, seasonal variations in traffic, various expenditures and weather affect our operating results from quarter to quarter. Given our high proportion of fixed costs, seasonality can affect our profitability from quarter to quarter. Many of our areas of operations experience inclement weather conditions in the winter, causing increased costs associated with deicing aircraft, canceled flights and accommodating displaced passengers. Due to our geographic area of operations, we can be more susceptible to adverse weather conditions than some of our competitors (particularly in the State of Alaska and in the Pacific Northwest), who may be better able to spread weather-related risks over larger route systems.
      The results of operations in the air transportation business have also significantly fluctuated in the past in response to general economic conditions. Fare initiatives, fluctuations in fuel prices, labor actions and other factors could impact this seasonal pattern.
      No material part of our business or that of our subsidiaries is dependent upon a single customer or very few customers. Consequently, the loss of our largest few customers would not have a materially adverse effect upon our financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Insurance
      We carry insurance for passenger liability, property damage and hull insurance for damage to our aircraft, in amounts and of the type generally consistent with industry practice.
      As a result of the events of September 11, 2001, aviation insurers have significantly reduced the maximum amount of insurance coverage available to commercial air carriers for third-party liability for claims resulting from acts of terrorism, war or similar events. At the same time, they significantly increased the premiums for such coverage as well as for aviation insurance in general. Although insurance rates have declined, they are still somewhat above pre-September 11 levels and will likely remain there for the foreseeable future.
      Pursuant to authority granted in the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act, the Homeland Security Act of 2002, as amended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005, the Government has offered, and we have accepted, war risk insurance to replace commercial war risk insurance through August 31, 2005.
Other Government Matters
      We have elected to participate in the Civil Reserve Air Fleet program, whereby we have agreed to make available to the federal government a certain number of aircraft in the event of a military call-up. The government would reimburse us for the use of such aircraft.

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ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Aircraft
      The following tables describe the aircraft we operate and their average age at December 31, 2004:
                                         
    Passenger               Average Age
Aircraft Type   Capacity   Owned   Leased   Total   in Years
                     
Alaska Airlines
                                       
Boeing 737-200C
    111       7       1       8       25.0  
Boeing 737-400
    144       9       31       40       9.7  
Boeing 737-700
    120       17       5       22       3.8  
Boeing 737-900
    172       12             12       2.4  
Boeing MD-80
    140       15       11       26       12.8  
                               
              60       48       108       9.6  
                               
Horizon Air
                                       
Bombardier Q200
    37             28       28       6.8  
Bombardier Q400
    70       3       16       19       3.0  
Bombardier CRJ 700
    70             18       18       2.8  
                               
              3       62       65       4.6  
                               
      Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” discusses future orders and options for additional aircraft.
      32 of the 60 aircraft owned by Alaska as of December 31, 2004 are subject to liens securing long-term debt. The Company expects to have additional aircraft encumbered pending a re-negotiated credit facility. Alaska’s leased 737-200C, 737-400, 737-700 and MD-80 aircraft have lease expiration dates in 2006, between 2006 and 2016, between 2006 and 2020 and between 2007 and 2013, respectively. Horizon’s leased Q400 and CRJ 700 aircraft have expiration dates between 2005 and 2018 and between 2018 and 2020, respectively. Alaska and Horizon have the option to extend most of the leases for additional periods, or the right to purchase the aircraft at the end of the lease term, usually at the then fair market value of the aircraft. For information regarding obligations under capital leases and long-term operating leases, see Note 5 to Consolidated Financial Statements.
      At December 31, 2004, all of our aircraft met the Stage 3 noise requirements under the Airport Noise and Capacity Act of 1990. However, special noise ordinances restrict the timing of flights operated by Alaska and other airlines at Burbank, Long Beach, Orange County, San Diego, San Jose and Palm Springs. In addition, Orange County, Reagan National, O’Hare and Long Beach airports restrict the type of aircraft and number of flights.
Ground Facilities and Services
      Alaska and Horizon lease ticket counters, gates, cargo and baggage space, office space, and other support areas at the majority of the airports they serve. Alaska also owns terminal buildings in various cities in the state of Alaska.
      Alaska has centralized operations in several buildings located at or near Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (Sea-Tac) in Seattle, Washington. The owned buildings, including land unless located on leased airport property, include a three-bay hangar facility with maintenance shops, a flight operations and training center, an air cargo facility, an information processing center, several office buildings and our corporate headquarters. Alaska also leases a two-bay hangar/office facility at Sea-Tac, a warehouse and reservation/office facility in Kent, WA, and a reservation center in Boise, ID. Alaska’s other major facilities include a regional headquarters building, an air cargo facility, and a leased hangar/office facility in Anchorage; a reservations center in Phoenix; and a leased two-bay maintenance facility in Oakland.

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      Horizon owns its Seattle corporate headquarters building. It leases an operations, training, and aircraft maintenance facility in Portland, and maintenance facilities in Boise, Pasco, Seattle and Spokane.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
      We are a party to routine litigation incidental to our business and with respect to which no material liability is expected. Management believes the ultimate disposition of these matters is not likely to materially affect our financial position or results of operations. This forward-looking statement is based on management’s current understanding of the relevant law and facts; it is subject to various contingencies, including the potential costs and risks associated with litigation and the actions of judges and juries.
      Our existing pilot contract provides that, if a negotiated agreement on the entire contract was not reached by December 15, 2004, ten contract issues plus wage rates would be submitted to an interest arbitrator. Issues submitted generally relate to pension plans, medical insurance, profit sharing, code sharing and work rules. The parties did not reach an agreement, and the issues have been submitted to binding arbitration in March 2005 with a decision to be effective in May 2005. The pilot labor contract contains market related standards for wages and non-wage issues.
ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
      None
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
      The executive officers of Alaska Air Group, Inc. (including its subsidiaries Alaska Airlines and Horizon Air Industries), their positions and their respective ages (as of February 1, 2005) are as follows:
                     
            Air Group
            or Subsidiary
Name   Position   Age   Officer Since
             
William S. Ayer
  Chairman, President and Chief     50       1985  
    Executive Officer of Alaska Air Group,                
    Inc. and Alaska Airlines, Inc.                
Bradley D. Tilden
  Executive Vice President/Finance     44       1994  
    and Chief Financial Officer                
    of Alaska Air Group, Inc. and                
    Alaska Airlines, Inc.                
Keith Loveless
  Vice President/Legal and Corporate Affairs,     48       1996  
    General Counsel and Corporate Secretary                
    of Alaska Air Group, Inc.                
    and Alaska Airlines, Inc.                
George Bagley
  Executive Vice President/Operations     59       1984  
    of Alaska Airlines, Inc.                
Gregg Saretsky
  Executive Vice President/Marketing and     45       1998  
    Planning of Alaska Airlines, Inc.                
Jeffrey D. Pinneo
  President and Chief Executive Officer     48       1990  
    of Horizon Air Industries, Inc.                
      Mr. Ayer has been our President since February 2003 and became our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in May 2003. Mr. Ayer is also Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Alaska Airlines. He has served as Alaska Airlines’ Chairman since February 2003, as Chief Executive Officer since January 2002 and as President since November 1997. Prior thereto, he was Sr. Vice President/ Customer Service, Marketing and Planning of Alaska Airlines from January 1997, and Vice President/ Marketing and Planning from August 1995. Prior thereto, he served as Sr. Vice President/ Operations of Horizon Air from January 1995. Mr. Ayer serves on the boards of Alaska Airlines, Puget Sound Energy, the Alaska Airlines Foundation, Angel Flight

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America, Inc., and the Museum of Flight. He also serves on the University of Washington Business School Advisory Board.
      Mr. Tilden joined Alaska Airlines in 1991, became controller of Alaska Airlines and Alaska Air Group in 1994, CFO in February 2000 and Executive Vice President/ Finance in January 2002.
      Mr. Loveless became Corporate Secretary and Assistant General Counsel of Alaska Air Group and Alaska Airlines in 1996. In 1999, he was named Vice President/ Legal and Corporate Affairs, General Counsel and Corporate Secretary of Alaska Air Group and Alaska Airlines.
      Mr. Bagley was promoted to President and CEO of Horizon Air in 1995, and in January 2002 became Executive Vice President/ Operations of Alaska Airlines.
      Mr. Saretsky joined Alaska Airlines in March 1998 as Vice President/ Marketing and Planning. In 2000 he became Senior Vice President/ Marketing and Planning, and in January 2002 was elected Executive Vice President/ Marketing and Planning of Alaska Airlines.
      Mr. Pinneo became Vice President/ Passenger Service of Horizon Air Industries in 1990. In January 2002 he was named President and CEO of Horizon Air.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR THE REGISTRANT’S COMMON STOCK AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
      As of December 31, 2004, there were 27,126,020 shares of common stock of Alaska Air Group, Inc. issued and outstanding and 4,014 shareholders of record. We also held 2,651,368 treasury shares at a cost of $60.5 million. We have not paid dividends on the common stock since 1992. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (symbol: ALK).
      The following table shows the trading range of Alaska Air Group, Inc. common stock on the New York Stock Exchange.
                                 
    2003   2004
         
    High   Low   High   Low
                 
First Quarter
  $ 24.35     $ 15.28     $ 29.27     $ 22.30  
Second Quarter
    21.98       15.49       27.17       19.26  
Third Quarter
    29.79       20.82       25.70       18.74  
Fourth Quarter
    31.86       24.76       33.67       22.93  
Sales of Non-Registered Securities
      In May 2004, we issued unregistered common stock to our Board of Directors as part of their annual director compensation pursuant to the Alaska Air Group 2004 Long-Term Incentive Equity Plan.
Equity Compensation Plan Information
      The Company has a shareholder-approved equity plan that enables the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors to make awards of equity-based compensation, which we believe are an important tool to attract and retain key employees.

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      The table below provides information, as of the end of the most recently completed fiscal year, concerning securities authorized for issuance under current and former equity compensation plans.
                         
            (c)
    (a)       Number of Securities
    Number of       Remaining Available
    Securities to be   (b)   for Future Issuance
    Issued upon   Weighted Average   under Equity
    Exercise of   Exercise Price of   Compensation Plans
    Outstanding   Outstanding   (Excluding Securities
    Options, Warrants   Options, Warrants   Reflected in Column
Plan Category   and Rights   and Rights   (a))
             
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
    2,751,874       27.9432       1,729,415  
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
    1,047,850       32.2166          
Total
    3,799,724       29.1217       1,729,415  
      The shares to be issued under plans not approved by stockholders relate to the Company’s 1997 Long-Term Incentive Equity Plan. This plan was adopted by the Board of Directors in 1997 and did not require stockholder approval because no grants to executive officers were allowed under the plan.
1997 Long-Term Incentive Equity Plan (the “1997 Plan”)
      The 1997 Plan terminated on November 3, 2002 and no further awards may be made. Awards granted before that date remain outstanding in accordance with their terms. Under the 1997 Plan, awards could be made to any employee of the Company who was not a director or officer subject to the reporting requirements of Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Awards could be made in the form of stock options, Stock Appreciation Rights (SARs) or stock awards. The 1997 Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors.
2004 Long-Term Incentive Equity Plan (the “2004 Plan”)
      The 2004 Plan became effective on May 18, 2004 and shall terminate on May 18, 2014 unless otherwise terminated earlier by the Board. Under the 2004 Plan, awards can be made to any board director, executive officer or employee of the Company. Awards can be made in the form of stock options, SARs or stock awards. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the 2004 Plan.
      In addition, the 2004 Plan authorizes the granting of shares to board members according to the terms of the Nonemployee Director Stock Plan, as described below.
Nonemployee Director Stock Plan (the “Directors’ Plan”)
      An aggregate of up to 25,000 shares of common stock was authorized for issuance under the Directors’ Plan. It remains in effect until all shares have been purchased or acquired or until terminated by the Board.
      Each member of the Board of Directors of the Company who is not employed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries is an eligible director. Each year on the first business day following that year’s annual meeting of stockholders, a portion of an eligible director’s annual retainer for services as a director for the coming year is paid in shares of common stock having a total value of $5,000.
      In addition, each eligible director may elect to reduce his or her annual cash retainer and to receive instead a number of shares of common stock equal in value to the amount of the reduction on the same date the stock payment described above is made.
      Directors have the right to vote and receive dividends on shares that have been issued under the Directors’ Plan. The shares are not forfeited when participants leave the Board or otherwise become ineligible to continue in the Directors’ Plan.

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ITEM 6. SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL AND OPERATING DATA
                                         
    2004   2003   2002   2001   2000
                     
Consolidated Financial Data:
                                       
Year Ended December 31 (in millions, except per share amounts):
                                       
Operating Revenues
  $ 2,723.8     $ 2,444.8     $ 2,224.1     $ 2,152.8     $ 2,194.0  
Operating Expenses
    2,803.6       2,462.3       2,317.3       2,279.1       2,227.1  
Operating Income (Loss)
    (79.8 )     (17.5 )     (93.2 )     (126.3 )     (33.1 )
Nonoperating income (expense), net(a)
    59.2       46.5       (8.6 )     62.8       6.2  
Income (loss) before income tax and accounting change
    (20.6 )     29.0       (101.8 )     (63.5 )     (26.9 )
Income (loss) before accounting change
    (15.3 )     13.5       (67.2 )     (43.4 )     (20.4 )
Net Income (Loss)
  $ (15.3 )   $ 13.5     $ (118.6 )   $ (43.4 )   $ (67.2 )
Average basic shares outstanding
    26.859       26.648       26.546       26.499       26.440  
Average diluted shares outstanding
    26.859       26.730       26.546       26.499       26.440  
Basic earnings (loss) per share before accounting change
    (0.57 )   $ 0.51     $ (2.53 )   $ (1.64 )   $ (0.77 )
Basic earnings (loss) per share(b)
    (0.57 )     0.51       (4.47 )     (1.64 )     (2.54 )
Diluted earnings (loss) per share before accounting change
    (0.57 )     0.51       (2.53 )     (1.64 )     (0.77 )
Diluted earnings (loss) per share(b)
    (0.57 )     0.51       (4.47 )     (1.64 )     (2.54 )
                               
At End of Period (in millions, except ratio):
                                       
Total assets
  $ 3,335.0     $ 3,259.2     $ 2,880.7     $ 2,950.5     $ 2,528.1  
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations, net of current
    989.6       906.9       856.7       852.2       509.2  
Shareholders’ equity
    664.8       674.2       655.7       851.3       895.1  
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges(c)
    0.89       1.22       0.28       0.48       0.66  
                               
Alaska Airlines Operating Data:
                                       
Revenue passengers (000)
    16,295       15,047       14,154       13,668       13,525  
Revenue passenger miles (RPM) (000,000)
    16,231       14,554       13,186       12,249       11,986  
Available seat miles (ASM) (000,000)
    22,276       20,804       19,360       17,919       17,315  
Revenue passenger load factor
    72.9 %     70.0 %     68.1 %     68.4 %     69.2 %
Yield per passenger mile
    12.47 ¢     12.65 ¢     12.65 ¢     13.12 ¢     13.56 ¢
Operating revenues per ASM
    10.02 ¢     9.74 ¢     9.47 ¢     9.84 ¢     10.20 ¢
Operating expenses per ASM
    10.41 ¢     9.84 ¢     9.87 ¢     10.24 ¢     10.35 ¢
Average number of employees
    9,968       10,040       10,142       10,115       9,611  
                               
Horizon Air Operating Data(d):
                                       
Revenue passengers (000)
    5,930       4,934       4,815       4,668       5,044  
Revenue passenger miles (RPM) (000,000)
    2,155       1,640       1,514       1,350       1,428  
Available seat miles (ASM) (000,000)
    3,107       2,569       2,428       2,148       2,299  
Revenue passenger load factor
    69.3 %     63.9 %     62.4 %     62.8 %     62.1 %
Yield per passenger mile
    22.50 ¢     26.96 ¢     26.02 ¢     28.15 ¢     29.82 ¢
Operating revenues per ASM
    16.20 ¢     18.06 ¢     17.29 ¢     19.02 ¢     19.27 ¢
Operating expenses per ASM
    15.90 ¢     17.76 ¢     17.87 ¢     21.02 ¢     19.53 ¢
Average number of employees
    3,423       3,359       3,476       3,764       3,795  
                               
 
(a)  Includes capitalized interest of $1.7 million, $2.3 million, $2.7 million, $10.6 million and $17.7 million for 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
(b) For 2000, basic and diluted earnings per share include $(1.77) per share for the $46.8 million cumulative effect of the accounting change for the sale of frequent flyer miles. For 2002, basic and diluted earnings per share include $(1.94) per share for the $51.4 million cumulative effect of the accounting change in connection with the impairment of goodwill.
 
(c) For 2004, 2002, 2001 and 2000 earnings are inadequate to cover fixed charges by $17.5 million, $99.5 million, $69.1 million and $39.9 million, respectively.
 
(d) Includes Horizon services operated as Frontier JetExpress in 2004.

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Alaska Airlines Financial and Statistical Data
                                                 
    Quarter Ended    
    December 31   Year Ended December 31
         
        %       %
    2004   2003   Change   2004   2003   Change
                         
Financial Data (in millions):
                                               
Operating Revenues:
                                               
Passenger
  $ 477.8     $ 460.3       3.8     $ 2,023.6     $ 1,840.4       10.0  
Freight and mail
    21.1       17.5       20.6       86.4       77.3       11.8  
Other — net
    32.4       26.7       21.3       123.0       109.7       12.1  
                                     
Total Operating Revenues
    531.3       504.5       5.3       2,233.0       2,027.4       10.1  
                                     
Operating Expenses:
                                               
Wages and benefits
    187.0       199.9       (6.5 )     798.5       778.6       2.6  
Employee profit sharing
    0.9       2.9       NM       1.2       2.9       NM  
Contracted services
    26.2       20.7       26.6       96.5       81.6       18.3  
Aircraft fuel
    135.6       79.9       69.7       472.0       312.1       51.2  
Aircraft maintenance
    34.5       35.7       (3.4 )     145.8       153.4       (5.0 )
Aircraft rent
    28.0       31.1       (10.0 )     113.5       123.9       (8.4 )
Food and beverage service
    11.9       13.9       (14.4 )     49.8       58.7       (15.2 )
Other selling expenses and commissions
    31.1       39.0       (20.3 )     132.2       148.0       (10.7 )
Depreciation and amortization
    32.9       31.7       3.8       128.1       119.5       7.2  
Loss on sale of assets
    2.6       2.1       NM       2.0       3.4       NM  
Landing fees and other rentals
    35.9       34.3       4.7       142.0       127.8       11.1  
Other
    35.6       34.0       4.7       146.6       136.9       7.1  
Restructuring charges
    25.9             100.0       53.4             100.0  
Impairment of aircraft
                      36.8             100.0  
                                     
Total Operating Expenses
    588.1       525.2       12.0       2,318.4       2,046.8       13.3  
                                     
Operating Loss
    (56.8 )     (20.7 )     NM       (85.4 )     (19.4 )     NM  
                                     
Interest income
    6.2       4.9               26.2       15.2          
Interest expense
    (11.0 )     (11.3 )             (44.1 )     (45.2 )        
Interest capitalized
    0.4       0.2               1.1       1.5          
U.S. government compensation
                              52.8          
Other — net, including fuel hedging gains
    (7.7 )     (0.4 )             75.2       6.9          
                                     
      (12.1 )     (6.6 )             58.4       31.2          
                                     
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax
  $ (68.9 )   $ (27.3 )     NM     $ (27.0 )   $ 11.8       NM  
                                     
Operating Statistics:
                                               
Revenue passengers (000)
    3,998       3,712       7.7       16,295       15,047       8.3  
RPMs (000,000)
    3,976       3,608       10.2       16,231       14,554       11.5  
ASMs (000,000)
    5,452       5,194       5.0       22,276       20,804       7.1  
Passenger load factor
    72.9 %     69.5 %     3.4 pts     72.9 %     70.0 %     2.9 pts
Yield per passenger mile
    12.02 ¢     12.76 ¢     (5.8 )     12.47 ¢     12.65 ¢     (1.4 )
Operating revenue per ASM
    9.75 ¢     9.71 ¢     0.4       10.02 ¢     9.74 ¢     2.9  
Operating expenses per ASM(a)
    10.79 ¢     10.11 ¢     6.7       10.41 ¢     9.84 ¢     5.8  
Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel, navigation fee recovery, restructuring and impairment charges(a)
    7.83 ¢     8.57 ¢     (8.6 )     7.92 ¢     8.34 ¢     (5.0 )
Raw fuel cost per gallon(a)
    159.9 ¢     102.4 ¢     56.2       137.2 ¢     98.3 ¢     39.5  
GAAP fuel cost per gallon(a)
    155.7 ¢     95.8 ¢     62.5       133.1 ¢     92.5 ¢     43.9  
Economic fuel cost per gallon(a)
    140.2 ¢     94.8 ¢     47.8       126.0 ¢     90.9 ¢     38.6  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    87.1       83.4       4.4       354.7       337.3       5.2  
Average number of employees
    9,433       9,921       (4.9 )     9,968       10,040       (0.7 )
Aircraft utilization (blk hrs/day)
    10.8       10.3       4.9       11.0       10.5       4.8  
Operating fleet at period-end
    108       109       (0.9 )     108       109       (0.9 )
 
NM = Not Meaningful
(a) See Note A on page 20.

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Horizon Air Financial and Statistical Data
                                                 
    Quarter Ended December 31   Year Ended December 31
         
        %       %
    2004   2003   Change   2004   2003   Change
                         
Financial Data (in millions):
                                               
Operating Revenues:
                                               
Passenger
  $ 124.4     $ 115.5       7.7     $ 484.8     $ 442.3       9.6  
Freight and mail
    0.9       1.2       (25.0 )     3.9       5.0       (22.0 )
Other — net
    3.6       4.8       (25.0 )     14.5       16.5       (12.1 )
                                     
Total Operating Revenues
    128.9       121.5       6.1       503.2       463.8       8.5  
                                     
Operating Expenses:
                                               
Wages and benefits
    41.1       40.5       1.5       163.1       159.3       2.4  
Employee profit sharing
    0.3       0.8       NM       0.4       0.8       NM  
Contracted services
    5.3       6.6       (19.7 )     20.7       25.0       (17.2 )
Aircraft fuel
    20.3       12.9       57.4       68.7       51.2       34.2  
Aircraft maintenance
    11.7       7.9       48.1       38.3       30.4       26.0  
Aircraft rent
    17.9       17.7       1.1       73.9       71.0       4.1  
Food and beverage service
    0.5       0.5       0.0       2.1       2.3       (8.7 )
Other selling expenses and commissions
    6.6       6.1       8.2       26.5       24.9       6.4  
Depreciation and amortization
    3.7       2.8       32.1       13.4       12.3       8.9  
Gain on sale of assets
    (0.2 )     (0.1 )     NM       (1.0 )     (1.2 )     NM  
Landing fees and other rentals
    10.2       10.3       (1.0 )     41.4       38.5       7.5  
Other
    11.0       10.0       10.0       43.0       42.6       0.9  
Impairment of aircraft and spare engines
    0.6             100.0       3.4             100.0  
                                     
Total Operating Expenses
    129.0       116.0       11.2       493.9       457.1       8.1  
                                     
Operating Income (Loss)
    (0.1 )     5.5       NM       9.3       6.7       NM  
                                     
Interest income
    0.2       0.2               1.1       0.7          
Interest expense
    (0.7 )     (0.5 )             (3.9 )     (2.4 )        
Interest capitalized
    0.2       0.2               0.6       0.8          
U.S. government compensation
                              18.6          
Other — net, including fuel hedging gains
    (1.2 )                   10.0       0.9          
                                     
      (1.5 )     (0.1 )             7.8       18.6          
                                     
Income (Loss) Before Income Tax
  $ (1.6 )   $ 5.4       NM     $ 17.1     $ 25.3       NM  
                                     
Operating Statistics:
                                               
Revenue passengers (000)
    1,568       1,263       24.1       5,930       4,934       20.2  
RPMs (000,000)
    569       416       36.8       2,155       1,640       31.4  
ASMs (000,000)
    793       619       28.1       3,107       2,569       20.9  
Passenger load factor
    71.7 %     67.3 %     4.4pts       69.3 %     63.9 %     5.4pts  
Yield per passenger mile
    21.85 ¢     27.72 ¢     (21.2 )     22.50 ¢     26.96 ¢     (16.5 )
Operating revenue per ASM
    16.25 ¢     19.62 ¢     (17.2 )     16.20 ¢     18.06 ¢     (10.3 )
Operating expenses per ASM(a)
    16.26 ¢     18.74 ¢     (13.2 )     15.90 ¢     17.76 ¢     (10.5 )
Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel and impairment charges(a)
    13.62 ¢     16.64 ¢     (18.1 )     13.58 ¢     15.80 ¢     (14.1 )
Raw fuel cost per gallon(a)
    166.4 ¢     106.1 ¢     56.8       142.3 ¢     101.9 ¢     39.7  
GAAP fuel cost per gallon(a)
    162.4 ¢     98.5 ¢     64.9       138.2 ¢     95.3 ¢     45.0  
Economic fuel cost per gallon(a)
    148.0 ¢     97.7 ¢     51.5       131.4 ¢     93.5 ¢     40.5  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    12.5       13.1       (4.6 )     49.7       53.7       (7.4 )
Average number of employees
    3,493       3,320       5.2       3,423       3,359       1.9  
Aircraft utilization (blk hrs/day)
    8.5       7.5       13.3       8.3       7.8       6.4  
Operating fleet at period-end
    65       62       4.8       65       62       4.8  
 
NM = Not Meaningful
(a) See Note A on page 20.

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Note A:
      Pursuant to Item 10 of Regulation S-K, we are providing disclosure of the reconciliation of reported non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly of aircraft fuel are subject to many economic and political factors beyond our control and we record changes in the fair value of our hedge portfolio comparable financial measures reported on a GAAP basis. The non-GAAP financial measures provide management the ability to measure and monitor performance both with and without the cost of aircraft fuel (including the gains and losses associated with our fuel hedging program where appropriate), restructuring charges, aircraft impairment charges, government compensation in 2003 and a large recovery in 2004 of disputed navigation fees paid in prior years (of which $7.7 million was recorded in operating expenses and $3.3 million was recorded in non-operating income). Because the cost and availability in our income statement, it is our view that the measurement and monitoring of performance without fuel is important. In addition, we believe the disclosure of financial performance without impairment and restructuring charges, government compensation and the navigation fee recovery in 2004 is useful to investors.
      Finally, these non-GAAP financial measures are also more comparable to financial measures reported to the Department of Transportation by other major network airlines.
      The following tables reconcile our non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures for both Alaska Airlines, Inc. and Horizon Air Industries, Inc.:
Alaska Airlines, Inc.:
                                 
    Three Months   Twelve Months
    Ended   Ended
    December 31,   December 31,
         
    2004   2003   2004   2003
                 
    ($ in millions)
Unit cost reconciliations:
                               
Operating expenses
  $ 588.1     $ 525.2     $ 2,318.4     $ 2,046.8  
ASMs (000,000)
    5,452       5,194       22,276       20,804  
                         
Operating expenses per ASM
    10.79 ¢     10.11 ¢     10.41 ¢     9.84 ¢
                         
Operating expenses
  $ 588.1     $ 525.2     $ 2,318.4     $ 2,046.8  
Less: aircraft fuel
    (135.6 )     (79.9 )     (472.0 )     (312.1 )
Less: impairment of aircraft
                (36.8 )      
Less: restructuring charges
    (25.9 )           (53.4 )      
Add: navigation fee recovery
                7.7        
                         
Operating expense excluding fuel, navigation fee recovery, impairment and restructuring charges
  $ 426.6     $ 445.3     $ 1,763.9     $ 1,734.7  
ASMs (000,000)
    5,452       5,194       22,276       20,804  
                         
Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel, navigation fee recovery, impairment and restructuring charges
    7.83 ¢     8.57 ¢     7.92 ¢     8.34 ¢
                         

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    Three Months   Twelve Months
    Ended   Ended
    December 31,   December 31,
         
    2004   2003   2004   2003
                 
    ($ in millions)
Aircraft fuel reconciliations:
                               
Fuel expense before hedge activities (“raw fuel”)
  $ 139.3     $ 85.4     $ 486.6     $ 331.7  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    87.1       83.4       354.7       337.3  
                         
Raw fuel cost per gallon
    159.9 ¢     102.4 ¢     137.2 ¢     98.3 ¢
                         
Fuel expense before hedge activities (“raw fuel”)
  $ 139.3     $ 85.4     $ 486.6     $ 331.7  
Less: gains on settled hedges included in fuel expense
    (3.7 )     (5.5 )     (14.6 )     (19.6 )
                         
GAAP fuel expense
  $ 135.6     $ 79.9     $ 472.0     $ 312.1  
                         
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    87.1       83.4       354.7       337.3  
                         
GAAP fuel cost per gallon
    155.7 ¢     95.8 ¢     133.1 ¢     92.5 ¢
                         
GAAP fuel expense
  $ 135.6     $ 79.9     $ 472.0     $ 312.1  
Less: gains on settled hedges included in nonoperating income (expense)
    (13.5 )     (0.8 )     (25.2 )     (5.4 )
                         
Adjusted fuel
    122.1       79.1       446.8       306.7  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    87.1       83.4       354.7       337.3  
                         
Economic fuel cost per gallon
    140.2 ¢     94.8 ¢     126.0 ¢     90.9 ¢
                         
Mark-to-market gains (losses) included in non-operating income (expense) related to hedges that settle in future periods
  $ (20.3 )         $ 50.1        
                         
Reconciliation to GAAP pre-tax income (loss):
                               
Pre-tax income (loss) excluding impairment and restructuring charges, navigation fee recovery, government compensation and mark-to-market hedging gains
  $ (22.7 )   $ (27.3 )   $ 2.1     $ (41.0 )
Less: impairment of aircraft
                  (36.8 )      
Less: restructuring charges
    (25.9 )           (53.4 )      
Add: government compensation
                        52.8  
Add: mark-to-market hedging gains (losses) included in nonoperating income (expense)
    (20.3 )           50.1        
Add: navigation fee recovery
                11.0        
                         
Pre-tax income (loss) reported GAAP amounts
  $ (68.9 )   $ (27.3 )   $ (27.0 )   $ 11.8  
                         

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Horizon Air Industries, Inc.
                                 
    Three Months   Twelve Months
    Ended   Ended
    December 31,   December 31,
         
    2004   2003   2004   2003
                 
    ($ in millions)
Unit cost reconciliations:
                               
Operating expenses
  $ 129.0     $ 116.0     $ 493.9     $ 457.1  
ASMs (000,000)
    793       619       3,107       2,569  
                         
Operating expenses per ASM
    16.27 ¢     18.74 ¢     15.90 ¢     17.79 ¢
                         
Operating expenses
  $ 129.0     $ 116.0     $ 493.9     $ 457.1  
Less: aircraft fuel
    (20.3 )     (12.9 )     (68.7 )     (51.2 )
Less: impairment of aircraft
    (0.6 )           (3.4 )      
                         
Operating expense excluding fuel and impairment charge
  $ 108.1     $ 103.1     $ 421.8     $ 405.9  
ASMs (000,000)
    793       619       3,107       2,569  
                         
Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel and impairment charge
    13.63 ¢     16.66 ¢     13.58 ¢     15.80 ¢
                         
Aircraft fuel reconciliations:
                               
Fuel expense before hedge activities (“raw fuel”)
  $ 20.8     $ 13.9     $ 70.7     $ 54.7  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    12.5       13.1       49.7       53.7  
                         
Raw fuel cost per gallon
    166.4 ¢     106.1 ¢     142.3 ¢     101.9 ¢
                         
Fuel expense before hedge activities (“raw fuel”)
  $ 20.8     $ 13.9     $ 70.7     $ 54.7  
Less: gains on settled hedges included in fuel expense
    (0.5 )     (1.0 )     (2.0 )     (3.5 )
                         
GAAP fuel expense
  $ 20.3     $ 12.9     $ 68.7     $ 51.2  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    12.5       13.1       49.7       53.7  
                         
GAAP fuel cost per gallon
    162.4 ¢     98.5 ¢     138.2 ¢     95.3 ¢
                         
GAAP fuel expense
  $ 20.3     $ 12.9     $ 68.7     $ 51.2  
Less: gains on settled hedges included in nonoperating income (expense)
    (1.8 )     (0.1 )     (3.4 )     (1.0 )
                         
Adjusted fuel
    18.5       12.8       65.3       50.2  
Fuel gallons (000,000)
    12.5       13.1       49.7       53.7  
                         
Economic fuel cost per gallon
    148.0 ¢     97.7 ¢     131.4 ¢     93.5 ¢
                         
Mark-to-market gains (losses) included in non-operating income (expense) related to hedges that settle in future periods
  $ (2.8 )         $ 6.8        
                         
Reconciliation to GAAP pre-tax income (loss):
                               
Pre-tax income (loss) excluding impairment charge, government compensation and mark-to-market hedging gains
  $ 1.8     $ 5.4     $ 13.7     $ 6.7  
Less: impairment of aircraft and related spare parts
    (0.6 )           (3.4 )      
Add: government compensation
                      18.6  
Add: mark-to-market hedging gains (losses) included in nonoperating income (expense)
    (2.8 )           6.8        
                         
Pre-tax income (loss) reported GAAP amounts
  $ (1.6 )   $ 5.4     $ 17.1     $ 25.3  
                         

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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
      The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and the related notes contained elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. All statements in the following discussion which are not reports of historical information or descriptions of current accounting policies are forward-looking statements. Please consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks referred to in this report’s introductory cautionary note. There can be no assurance that actual developments will be those anticipated by us. Actual results could differ materially from those projected as a result of a number of factors, some of which we cannot predict or control. For a discussion of our risk factors, see “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 41.
General
      Alaska and Horizon operate as airlines. However, their business plans, competition, and economic risks differ substantially. Alaska is a major airline serving primarily Alaska; the U.S. West Coast; five cities on the U.S. East Coast, Denver, Chicago; Vancouver and Calgary, Canada; and Mexico. It operates an all jet fleet and its average passenger trip is 996 miles. Horizon operates both as a regional airline serving primarily the Pacific Northwest, California, and Western Canada, and as a contract service provider to Frontier Airlines, operating as Frontier JetExpress out of Denver. Horizon operates both jet and turboprop aircraft, and its average passenger trip is 363 miles. As discussed in Note 1 to the Consolidated Financial Statements, beginning in 2004, Horizon began operating regional jet service branded as Frontier JetExpress under an agreement with Frontier Airlines, which is described in more detail below.
Year in Review and Current Events
      Overall, economic conditions in 2004 improved over 2003. The industry generally enjoyed increases in both passenger traffic and load factors, and Alaska and Horizon were no different — posting record monthly load factors for much of the year. However, ticket yields continued to remain under pressure in the wake of growth of low cost carriers such as Southwest and jetBlue and excess capacity in many markets. Fuel prices reached record highs during much of the year, although moderated somewhat in the fourth quarter, but are still materially above historical averages. These factors, coupled with the high cost structures of many major carriers, resulted in another year of significant losses for the industry.
      During 2004, the management team at Alaska was actively focused on cost reductions. Our stated goal for 2004 was to achieve a unit cost (excluding fuel and significant items) of 8.0 cents per available seat mile (ASM) and we achieved a full year unit cost excluding fuel and significant items of 7.92 cents per ASM.
Restructuring Charges
      During the third quarter of 2004, Alaska announced a management reorganization and the closure of its Oakland heavy maintenance base, contracting out of related heavy maintenance, contracting out of the Company’s Fleet Service, Ground Support Equipment and facility maintenance functions, maintenance shops and other initiatives. In total, we believe these restructuring activities will result in a reduction of approximately 900 employees when fully implemented in the first half of 2005. Severance and related costs associated with this restructuring are estimated at $53.4 million, of which $27.5 million was recorded during the third quarter of 2004 and $25.9 million was recorded in the fourth quarter. We expect savings from these job-related initiatives to be approximately $35 million per year when fully implemented.
      As part of our ongoing cost saving initiatives, we continue to look at all aspects of our business. In 2005, we may outsource other activities or initiate other restructuring activities which would result in further restructuring charges.
Labor Costs and Negotiations
      Alaska Airlines continues to pursue the restructuring of its labor agreements so that they are in line with what we believe to be the market. Our objectives as we restructure these agreements are to achieve market

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labor costs, productivity and employee benefit costs. Based on these three objectives, in 2003 Alaska targeted $112 million per year of labor savings. As a result of increases in our wage rates since that time, combined with labor cost decreases achieved by our competitors, we believe that our wages and benefits are now above market by approximately $125 million. Alaska believes that its pilot labor costs represent the majority of this amount. Despite ongoing negotiations in late 2003 and much of 2004, we were unable to reach a new agreement with the Air Line Pilots Association (ALPA) and have therefore submitted to binding arbitration, the decision of which will be effective in May 2005. The arbitration will cover wages plus five issues submitted by each of the Company and ALPA. The pilot labor contract contains market related standards for wages and benefits. Nevertheless, we cannot predict the outcome of this proceeding, particularly whether the arbitrator’s award will reflect cost savings in wage rates, productivity and benefits equal to what we consider to be the current excess over market.
      Reducing labor costs and finalizing the agreements with our labor groups is an important objective for 2005.
Mark-to-Market Fuel Hedging Gains
      Beginning in the second quarter of 2004, we lost the ability to defer, as a component of comprehensive income, recognition of any unrealized gain or loss on our fuel hedge contracts until the hedged fuel is consumed. We lost this ability because the price correlation between crude oil, the commodity we use to hedge, and West Coast jet fuel fell below required thresholds. For more discussion, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements.
      The implications of this change are twofold: First, our earnings are more volatile as we mark our entire hedge portfolio to market each quarter-end and report the gain or loss in other non-operating income or expense, even though the actual consumption will take place in a future period. Second, to a large extent, the impact of our fuel hedge program will not be reflected in fuel expense. For example, we recorded gains from settled fuel hedges totaling $45.2 million during 2004, but only $16.6 million of that gain is reflected as an offset to fuel expense with the balance reported in other non-operating income.
      We have provided information on mark-to-market gains or losses, as well as calculations of our economic fuel cost per gallon on pages 20 through 22.
      We continue to believe that our fuel hedge program is an important part of our strategy to reduce our exposure to volatile fuel prices.
Impairment of 737-200C Aircraft
      In June 2004, the Company’s Board approved a plan to accelerate the retirement of its Boeing 737-200C fleet and remove those aircraft from service earlier than initially planned. In July 2004, the Company announced its plan to replace these aircraft by modifying five existing 737-400 aircraft and using other existing 737-400 aircraft for the remaining passenger capacity. At December 31, 2004 the planned modifications have been delayed. However, management currently believes that all 737-200s will still be retired by the end of 2007 as planned. The Company expects to replace the 737-400s with Boeing 737-800 aircraft in 2005 and 2006.
      As a result of this decision, the Company evaluated impairment as required by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” and concluded that the carrying value of the 737-200C fleet was no longer recoverable when compared to the estimated remaining future cash flows. Accordingly, during the second quarter of 2004, the Company recorded an impairment charge totaling $36.8 million (pre-tax) to write down the fleet to its estimated fair market value. In addition, we revised our estimates of the useful lives and residual values of the fleet and related spare equipment and will depreciate the remaining carrying values through 2007, when the last aircraft will be retired.

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Navigation Fee Refund
      During the third quarter of 2004, we received a refund totaling $11 million (pre-tax) from the Mexican government related to navigation fees paid in 2002 and 2003. Approximately $7.7 million of the refund was recorded as a reduction to operating expenses and $3.3 million was recorded as non-operating income.
Frontier JetExpress
      On January 1, 2004, Horizon began operating regional jet service branded as Frontier JetExpress under a 12-year agreement with Frontier Airlines. Service under this agreement became fully operational during the second quarter of 2004 and Horizon is currently operating nine regional jet aircraft under the Frontier JetExpress brand. Flying under this agreement represented 21.4% of Horizon’s 2004 capacity and 9.1% of passenger revenues. For the fourth quarter (which is more representative of ongoing operations), flying under this agreement represented 23.1% of Horizon’s fourth quarter capacity and 9.9% of passenger revenue.
      The arrangement with Frontier provides for reimbursement of costs plus a base mark-up and certain incentives. However, since Horizon is not responsible for many of the typical costs of operations such as fuel, landing fees, marketing costs and station labor and rents and combined with longer trip lengths, revenue per ASM, cost per ASM and cost per ASM excluding fuel for this flying is significantly lower than Horizon’s native network flying.
Other Events
      During the fourth quarter of 2004, Alaska entered into a 10 year “power-by-the-hour” engine maintenance agreement with a third party. Under terms of this arrangement, the third party will provide routine and major overhaul maintenance services on certain engines in our 737-400 fleet at an agreed upon rate per hour flown.
      During the fourth quarter, Alaska added a row of seats to its 737-400 fleet. This change will result in an increase of approximately 2.3% in available seat miles on an annualized basis. We expect this change will represent a significant portion of our capacity growth in 2005. In late 2004, we also announced that we would be installing winglets on our B737-700 aircraft.
Outlook
      For 2005, Alaska and Horizon expect capacity increases of approximately 3% and 12%, respectively. The expected capacity increase at Alaska is due largely to the annualization of the additional seats added to the B737-400 fleet and the addition of three B737-800s offset by the retirement of two B737-200s.
      Horizon’s expected capacity increase is due largely to the annualization of aircraft additions in the first half of 2004, the addition of one new CRJ-700, higher utilization resulting from the annualization of the contract flying for Frontier. In addition, Horizon will be adding a row of seats to the Q400 fleet increasing capacity from 70 to 74 seats. When complete, this will result in an increase of approximately 1.5% in available seat miles on an annualized basis.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
2004 Compared with 2003
      Our consolidated net loss for 2004 was $15.3 million, or $0.57 per share, versus net income of $13.5 million, or $0.51 per share, in 2003. The 2004 results include four significant items which impact the comparability to 2003. These items are discussed in the “Year in Review and Current Events” section beginning on page 29. Our 2003 results also include $71.4 million ($52.8 million for Alaska and $18.6 million for Horizon, or a combined $44.3 million net of tax or $1.66 per share) received related to assistance from the government under the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act.
      Our consolidated operating loss for 2004 was $79.8 million compared to a loss of $17.5 million for 2003. Our consolidated pre-tax loss for 2004 was $20.6 million compared to pre-tax income of $29.0 million for

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2003. Financial and statistical data comparisons for Alaska and Horizon are shown on pages 18 and 19, respectively. On pages 20 through 22, we have included a reconciliation of reported non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Alaska Airlines Revenues
      Operating revenues increased $205.6 million, or 10.1%, during 2004 as compared to the same period in 2003. The increase in revenues resulted from an 11.5% increase in passenger traffic, offset by a 1.4% decline in ticket yields. For the year ended December 31, 2004, capacity increased 7.1% as compared to 2003. The capacity increases are primarily due to the annualization and expansion of our transcontinental flying, including service from Seattle to Chicago and Los Angeles to Reagan National in Washington D.C.. The traffic increase of 11.5% outpaced the capacity increase of 7.1%, resulting in an increase in load factor from 70.0% to 72.9%. The decline in yield per passenger mile was a result of continued industry-wide pricing pressure, particularly in the fourth quarter where yield declines were more substantial, dropping 5.8% compared to the fourth quarter of 2003. We expect that load factors will continue to be strong but that yields and passenger unit revenues will continue to decline on a year-over-year basis into the first half of 2005.
      Freight and mail revenues increased $9.1 million, or 11.8%, because of a new mail contract we have in the State of Alaska offset by lower freight revenues.
      Other-net revenues increased $13.3 million, or 12.1%, due largely to revenues received from an agreement with Pen Air to provide flight services to Dutch Harbor that began in January of 2004 and higher Mileage Plan revenues.
Alaska Airlines Expenses
      For the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, total operating expenses increased $271.6 million, or 13.3%, as compared to the same period in 2003. Operating expenses per ASM increased 5.8% from 9.84 cents in 2003 to 10.41 cents in 2004. The increase in operating expenses per ASM is due largely to significant increase in fuel costs, our restructuring charges, the impairment charge related to our Boeing 737-200 fleet, higher wages and benefits, contracted services costs and landing fees and other rental costs offset by declines in other selling expenses and commissions and the navigation fee recovery. Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel, the navigation fee recovery, restructuring and impairment charges decreased 5% to 7.92 cents per ASM compared to 8.34 cents per ASM in 2003. Explanations of significant period-over-period changes in the components of operating expenses are as follows:
  •  Wages and benefits increased $19.9 million, or 3%, during 2004. Approximately two thirds of the increase reflects higher pilot wages, substantially all of which is due to the 4% wage rate increase in May 2004 under the terms of our existing union contract . Wages were favorably impacted by the restructuring initiatives announced in August and September. During 2004, there were 9,968 FTEs, which is down by approximately 70 FTEs from 2003 on a 7.1% increase in capacity. Our current plan is for approximately 9,500 FTEs in 2005.
    Benefits costs were favorably impacted by a $7.3 million reduction in workers compensation expense resulting from positive workers compensation claims experience at Alaska and a related reduction to ultimate loss estimates recorded in December totaling $6.6 million. In total, benefits costs were flat year over year.
 
    Beginning in 2005, wages and benefits will include stock-based compensation associated with options granted to certain employees. Based on recent history, stock-based compensation expense associated with option grants is expected to be approximately $8 to $10 million per year (pre-tax). Since FAS 123R is effective for interim periods beginning after June 15, 2005 (our third quarter), we expect that only half that amount will be recorded in 2005.
  •  Contracted services increased $14.9 million, or 18%, due largely to expenses associated with an agreement with PenAir to provide flight services to Dutch Harbor that began in January of 2004, costs associated with a temporary charter contract we have for our new mail contract in Alaska and higher

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  security costs, partially offset by $8.6 million from the recovery in 2004 of disputed Mexico navigation fees paid in 2002 and 2003.
 
  •  Aircraft fuel increased $159.9 million, or 51%, due to a 43.9% increase in the GAAP fuel cost per gallon and a 5.2% increase in fuel gallons consumed. The increase in aircraft fuel expense is inclusive of $14.6 million of gains from settled hedges. During 2004, Alaska also realized $25.2 million of hedge gains which are recorded in other non-operating income. After including all hedge gains recorded during the year, our “economic” fuel expense increased $140.1 million, or 45.7%, over 2003. Our economic fuel cost per gallon increased 38.6% from 90.9 cents to 126.0 cents.
 
  •  Aircraft maintenance decreased $7.6 million, or 5%, due largely to fewer engine overhauls during 2004 and a change in the mix of heavy maintenance versus routine maintenance.

    We plan to change the accounting for engine and airframe overhauls at Alaska and Horizon, effective January 2005. Under the new method, we will charge the costs of these overhauls directly to expense, as opposed to our current practice of capitalizing and amortizing them. To effect this change, we will write off the unamortized portion of previously capitalized overhauls in January 2005 as a cumulative effect of an accounting change. We expect the one-time charge to be approximately $91 million, after tax.
  •  Aircraft rent decreased $10.4 million, or 8%, due to lower rates on extended leases and fewer leased aircraft in 2004 compared to 2003.
 
  •  Other selling expenses and commissions decreased $15.8 million, or 11%, due to a decline in the incentive payments made to Horizon offset by increases in booking fees, credit card fees, and commissions. Incentive payments to Horizon are eliminated in consolidation. In 2004, 38.0% of Air Group ticket sales were made through traditional travel agents, compared to 43.0% in 2003. In 2004, 30.4% of the ticket sales were made through Alaska’s Internet web site compared to 27.4% in 2003.
 
  •  Depreciation and amortization increased $8.6 million, or 7%, reflecting accelerated depreciation on the planned retirement of the Boeing 737-200C fleet, an increase in depreciation resulting from one aircraft purchased in the last twelve months, and the full year depreciation on aircraft acquired in 2003, and additional provisions for inventory obsolescence.
 
  •  Landing fees and other rentals increased $14.2 million, or 11%. The higher rates primarily reflect higher joint-use and exclusive rental fees at Seattle, Portland, Los Angeles and Oakland, combined with modest volume growth. We expect landing fees and other rentals to continue to increase as a result of airport facility expansions and increased costs for security due to unfunded government mandates.
 
  •  Other expense increased $9.7 million, or 7%, primarily reflecting a $6.3 million increase in professional services costs, higher moving expenses associated with our restructuring initiatives, higher passenger remuneration costs, and supplies costs.
 
  •  Restructuring charges totaled $53.4 million during 2004. This charge includes wages and other benefits that will be paid as a result of our restructuring initiatives announced in August and September of 2004. The following table reconciles the total charge to the remaining accrual on our balance sheet as of December 31, 2004 (in millions):
         
Severance and Related Costs
       
Balance at December 31, 2003
  $  
Restructuring charges
    53.4  
Cash payments*
    (14.7 )
       
Balance at December 31, 2004
  $ 38.7  
       
 
The Company expects the majority of cash payments will be made during the first and second quarters of 2005.

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Horizon Air Revenues
      For the year ended December 31, 2004, operating revenues increased $39.4 million, or 8.5% as compared to 2003. This increase is due largely to the increased traffic in our native network and our new contract flying for Frontier Airlines, which began January 1, 2004, partially offset by a decline in the incentive payments made by Alaska to Horizon. Incentive payments are eliminated in consolidation.
      The arrangement with Frontier provides for reimbursement of expected costs plus a base mark up and certain incentives. However, since Horizon is not responsible for many of the typical costs of operations such as fuel, landing fees, marketing costs and station labor and rents, revenue per ASM, cost per ASM and cost per ASM excluding fuel for this flying is significantly lower than Horizon’s native network flying.
      For the twelve months ended December 31, 2004, capacity increased 20.9% and traffic was up 31.4%, compared to the same period in 2003. Contract flying with Frontier represented approximately 9.1% of passenger revenues and 21.4% of capacity, during 2004. Passenger load factor increased 5.4 percentage points to 69.3%. Passenger yield decreased 16.5% to 22.50 cents, reflecting the inclusion of the Frontier contract flying, the yield for which is significantly lower than native network flying, and a decline in incentive payments from Alaska for feed traffic. Contract revenue and higher yields in Horizon’s native network combined with the increases in traffic, resulted in an increase in passenger revenue of $42.5 million, or 9.6%.
Horizon Air Expenses
      Operating expenses increased $36.8 million, or 8.1%, as compared to the same period in 2003. Operating expenses per ASM including fuel and the impairment charge decreased 10.5% as compared to 2003. Operating expenses per ASM excluding fuel and the impairment charge decreased 14.1% as compared to the same period in 2003. Operating expenses in 2004 include $3.4 million related to an impairment charge on our held-for-sale F-28 aircraft and spare engines to lower the carrying value of these assets to their estimated fair value. Explanations of other significant period-over-period changes in the components of operating expenses are as follows:
  •  Wages and benefits increased $3.8 million, or 2%, reflecting an increase in the average number of employees, wages and payroll taxes, partially offset by favorable reductions of medical and workers compensation accruals.
 
  •  Aircraft fuel increased $17.5 million, or 34%, due to a 45.0% increase in the GAAP fuel cost per gallon, partially offset by a 7.4% decrease in gallons consumed. The increase in aircraft fuel expense is inclusive of $2.0 million of gains from settled hedges. During the year, Horizon also realized $3.4 million of hedge gains which are recorded in other non-operating income. After including all hedge gains recorded during the year, our “economic” fuel expense increased $15.1 million, or 30.1%, over 2003. Our economic fuel cost per gallon increased 40.5% from 93.5 cents to 131.4 cents.
 
  •  Aircraft maintenance expense increased $7.9 million, or 26%, primarily due to an increase in block hours, a higher number of routine maintenance activities and engine overhauls for the Q200 fleet and fewer aircraft covered by warranty. We expect aircraft maintenance expense to decline somewhat in 2005 based on the timing of expected maintenance activities.
 
  •  Aircraft rent increased $2.9 million, or 4%, reflecting the annualization of aircraft added during 2003 and the addition of spare engines during 2004.
 
  •  Landing fees and other rentals increased $2.9 million, or 8%. Higher landing fees are a result of higher rates associated with modest volume growth, an increase in airport fees and increased costs for security. We expect landing fees and other rentals to continue to increase as a result of airport facility expansions and increased costs for security.
Consolidated Nonoperating Income (Expense)
      Net nonoperating income was $59.2 million in 2004 compared to $46.5 million in 2003. Interest income increased $11.7 million due to a larger marketable securities portfolio in 2004 combined with a correction of

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premium and discount amortization on our marketable securities portfolio in 2003. 2004 interest income also includes $3.3 million from the recovery in 2004 of disputed Mexico navigation fees paid in 2002 and 2003. Interest expense (net of capitalized interest) increased $4.7 million due to increases in debt balances as compared to 2003.
      Other-net includes $28.6 million and $6.4 million in gains from settled fuel hedging contracts in 2004 and 2003, respectively. In addition, other-net includes mark-to-market gains on unsettled hedge contracts of $56.9 million in 2004.
      The 2003 results include $71.4 million ($52.8 million for Alaska and $18.6 million for Horizon) received in connection with the government reimbursement of security fees remitted and carrier fees paid under the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act.
Consolidated Income Tax Benefit
      Our consolidated effective income tax benefit for 2004 was 25.7% compared to an effective income tax expense rate of 53.4% in 2003. Due to the magnitude of nondeductible expenses, such as employee per diem costs, relative to pre-tax profit or loss, a relatively small change in pre-tax results can cause a significant change in the effective tax rate.
2003 Compared with 2002
      Our consolidated net income for 2003 was $13.5 million, or $0.51 per share, compared with a net loss of $118.6 million, or $4.47 per share, in 2002. Our 2003 results include $71.4 million ($52.8 million for Alaska and $18.6 million for Horizon) received related to assistance from the government under the Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appropriations Act. Our 2002 net loss includes $0.5 million received from the government and $51.4 million related to the write-off of goodwill in connection with the adoption of SFAS No. 142 (see discussion in Note 17 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). Excluding the government compensation received in 2003 and 2002 and the goodwill write-off in 2002, our net loss for 2003 was $30.8 million ($1.15 per share) compared to $67.5 million ($2.54 per share) for 2002.
      Our consolidated operating loss for 2003 was $17.5 million compared to $93.2 million for 2002. Our consolidated pre-tax income for 2003 was $29.0 million compared with a consolidated pre-tax loss before accounting change of $101.8 million for 2002. Financial and statistical data comparisons for Alaska and Horizon are shown on pages 18 and 19, respectively. On pages 20 through 22, we have included a reconciliation of reported non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures.
Alaska Airlines Revenues
      Operating revenues increased $194.3 million, or 10.6%, during 2003 as compared to the same period in 2002, reflecting stronger summer demand and higher than expected fourth quarter traffic as compared to 2002. For the twelve months ended December 31, 2003, capacity increased 7.5% and traffic increased 10.4% as compared to the same period in 2002. The capacity increases are primarily due to the addition of service to new cities (Boston, Denver, Newark, Washington D.C., Orlando and Miami) and an increase in service in the Pacific Northwest, Mexico, and Canada markets, partially offset by lower capacity in the Bay Area, Arizona and Northern Alaska. During 2003, roughly 75% of our ASM growth came from expansion in the Transcontinental and Denver markets. Traffic increases primarily reflect service to new cities and traffic increases in the Pacific Northwest, Mexico and Nevada, partially offset by decreases in traffic in the Bay Area, Northern Alaska and Arizona. Higher traffic resulted in a $172.7 million, or 10.4%, increase in passenger revenues. Our passenger load factor increased 1.9 percentage points to 70.0% during 2003 as compared to 2002.
      Our yield per passenger mile remained constant compared to 2002 due to a combination of longer average stage lengths, fewer business travelers, and continued pricing pressure by low cost carriers, partially offset by an increase in revenue from expired Mileage Plan accounts.

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      Freight and mail revenues increased $5.2 million, or 7.2%, due principally to higher freight and mail volumes attributable to a reduction of security restrictions. Other-net revenues increased $16.4 million, or 17.6%, due largely to cash received from the sale of miles in our frequent flyer program (impacting other revenue currently as a portion is recognized immediately) and redemption of miles on partner airlines.
Alaska Airlines Expenses
      For the twelve months ended December 31, 2003, total operating expenses increased $136.1 million, or 7.1%, as compared to the same period in 2002. This increase is due largely to a 7.5% increase in ASMs combined with higher fuel, maintenance, wages and benefits costs and landing fees and other rentals. Operating expense per ASM decreased 0.3% as compared to the same period in 2002 from 9.87 cents to 9.84 cents. Operating expense per ASM excluding fuel decreased 2.1% as compared to the same period in 2002 from 8.52 cents to 8.34 cents. Explanations of significant period-over-period changes in the components of operating expenses are as follows:
  •  Wages and benefits increased $75.2 million, or 11%, during 2003 as compared to 2002. Approximately $52.8 million of this increase reflects higher benefit costs, mainly increases in pension costs of approximately $34.1 million and higher health insurance and workers’ compensation costs. The remaining $22.4 million increase reflects scale and step increases, partially offset by a 1.0% decrease in the number of full time equivalent employees.
 
  •  Alaska recorded employee profit sharing of $2.9 million in 2003, which was paid in 2004. No profit sharing occurred in 2002.
 
  •  Aircraft fuel increased $51.4 million, or 20%, due to a 14.8% increase in the fuel cost per gallon and a 4.3% increase in fuel gallons consumed. Air Group’s fuel hedging program resulted in Alaska recognizing a $19.6 million reduction in aircraft fuel expense for hedging gains realized on hedge positions settled during 2003. At December 31, 2003, we had fuel hedge contracts in place to hedge 33%, 28% and 2% of our expected fuel usage in 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively.
 
  •  Aircraft maintenance increased $8.2 million, or 6%, due to increases in the number of outside airframe and engine checks and other outside repairs and additional depreciation that was recorded following our decision in the fourth quarter to retire three Boeing 737-200Cs in 2004.
 
  •  Aircraft rent decreased $4.3 million, or 3%, due to new lease extensions at lower rates, partially offset by five new 737-700 leases.
 
  •  Other selling expenses and commissions decreased $6.6 million, or 4%. This decrease was due principally to lower computer reservation system costs, the elimination of travel agency base commissions and lower Mileage Plan costs, partially offset by an increase in credit card commissions, advertising costs, and incentive payments made to Horizon. Incentive payments to Horizon are eliminated in consolidation at the Air Group level. In 2003, 43.0% of Air Group ticket sales were made through traditional travel agents, compared to 48.2% in 2002. In 2003, 27.4% of the ticket sales were made through Alaska’s Internet web site compared to 21.0% in 2002.
 
  •  Depreciation and amortization increased $5.5 million, or 5% reflecting a year over year increase in the depreciable asset base and $0.7 million in accelerated depreciation on three 737-200s.
 
  •  Landing fees and other rentals increased $17.3 million, or 16%. The higher rates reflect modest volume growth and an increase in airports’ cost of operations, including facility expansion initiatives, and increased security costs due to unfunded government mandates.
 
  •  Other expense decreased $11.9 million, or 8%, primarily reflecting lower expenditures for insurance, supplies, communication services and property taxes, partially offset by increases in expenditures for professional services and per diems. Insurance expense decreases are a reflection of several factors including a $3.7 million insurance reimbursement received during the latter part of 2003 resulting from a clarification of liability related to Flight 261, lower cost coverage from a government aviation war risk

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  insurance program and competitive pressures in the aviation war risk insurance market. However, aviation insurance remains substantially higher than before September 11, 2001.

Horizon Air Revenues
      Operating revenues increased $44.2 million, or 10.5%, during 2003 as compared to 2002 due, in part, to an increase in incentive payments from Alaska for feed traffic, which eliminates in consolidation. For the twelve months ending December 31, 2003, capacity increased 5.8% and traffic was up 8.3%, compared to the same period in 2002. Passenger load factor increased 1.5 percentage points to 63.9% during 2003 as compared to 2002. Passenger yield increased 3.6%, and combined with the increase in traffic, resulted in an increase in passenger revenue of $48.4 million, or 12.3%. The increase in revenue and passenger yield resulted from improved economic conditions, stronger summer demand and higher than expected fourth quarter revenue passenger miles.
      Other-net revenues decreased $4.2 million, or 20.3%, primarily due to manufacturer payments received in 2002 as compensation for delays in the delivery of CRJ 700 aircraft, which did not recur in 2003.
Horizon Air Expenses
      For the twelve months ending December 31, 2003, operating expenses increased $23.2 million, or 5.3%, as compared to the same period in 2002. This increase is due largely to a 5.8% increase in ASMs combined with higher wages and benefits, aircraft maintenance, landing fees and other rental costs. Operating expenses per ASM decreased 0.5% as compared to the same period in 2002 from 17.87 cents to 17.79 cents in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Operating expenses per ASM excluding fuel decreased 1.2% as compared to the same period in 2002 from 15.99 cents to 15.80 cents in 2003 and 2002, respectively. Explanations of significant period-over-period changes in the components of operating expenses are as follows:
  •  Wages and benefits increased $6.7 million, or 4%, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2003 as compared to 2002. Approximately $6.2 million of this increase reflects higher benefits, resulting primarily from increases in health insurance, workers’ compensation and profit sharing. The remaining increase reflects an increase in wages, partially offset by a 3.3% reduction in the number of employees.
 
  •  Horizon recorded employee profit sharing of $0.8 million in 2003, which was paid in 2004. No profit sharing occurred in 2002.
 
  •  Aircraft fuel increased $5.6 million, or 12%, due to a 13.9% increase in the cost per gallon of fuel, partially offset by a 1.5% decrease in gallons consumed. Air Group’s fuel hedging program resulted in Horizon recognizing a $3.4 million reduction in aircraft fuel expense for hedging gains realized on hedge positions settled during 2003.
 
  •  Aircraft maintenance expense increased $5.3 million, or 21%, primarily due to maintenance on Q400 and CRJ-700 aircraft and a series of engine repairs on both aircraft types.
 
  •  Aircraft rent increased $8.8 million, or 14%, due to the addition of two CRJ-700s and a short-term lease agreement for two Q400s as compared to 2002.
 
  •  Other selling expenses and commissions decreased $4.5 million, or 15%, due primarily to the elimination of travel agent base commissions starting in June 2002, and the continuing shift to direct sales channels.
 
  •  Landing fees and other rentals increased $7.3 million, or 23%. Higher landing fees are a result of higher rates associated with modest volume growth, an increase in airports’ cost of operations and increased costs for security. Horizon is also paying a larger portion of Air Group expenses at stations where Alaska and Horizon operate due to a 2003 revision of an intercompany expense sharing agreement with Alaska. These costs are eliminated in consolidation.
 
  •  Other expense decreased $6.1 million, or 12%, primarily reflecting a decrease in insurance costs. Insurance expense decreases are a reflection of several factors including a $1.3 million insurance

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  reimbursement received during the latter part of 2003 resulting from clarification of an Air Group insurance liability, lower cost coverage from government aviation war risk insurance programs and competitive pressures in the aviation war risk insurance market.

Consolidated Nonoperating Income (Expense)
      Net nonoperating items were $8.6 million expense in 2002 compared to $46.5 million income in 2003. The 2003 results include $71.4 million ($52.8 million for Alaska and $18.6 million for Horizon) received in connection with the government reimbursement of security fees remitted and carrier fees paid under the Act. Interest income decreased $8.4 million due principally to lower interest rates and an adjustment of premium and discount amortization on our marketable securities portfolio. Interest expense (net of capitalized interest) increased $1.9 million, due primarily to increases in debt resulting from the completion of a private placement of $150.0 million of floating rate senior convertible notes in the first quarter of 2003. See discussion at Note  4, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
      Other-net includes $8.1 million and $10.7 million in gains resulting from hedge ineffectiveness on fuel hedging contracts in 2003 and 2002, respectively. In 2003, we received an insurance recovery of $3.1 million in connection with legal fees associated with a U.S. Attorney investigation in Oakland. In 2002, we received a $1.4 million insurance recovery and a $0.9 million gain on conversion of Equant N.V. shares (a telecommunications network company owned by many airlines).
Cumulative Effect of Accounting Change
      Effective January 1, 2002, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.” Under this statement, goodwill is no longer amortized, but instead is tested for impairment on a minimum of an annual basis. During the second quarter of 2002, we completed the first step of our impairment test related to our $51.4 million of goodwill. The test was performed using Alaska and Horizon as separate reporting units. In the fourth quarter of 2002, we completed the second step of our impairment test and determined that all of our goodwill was impaired. As a result, we recorded a one-time, non-cash charge, effective January 1, 2002, of $51.4 million ($12.5 million Alaska and $38.9 million Horizon) to write-off all of our goodwill. This charge is reflected as a cumulative effect of accounting change in the Consolidated Statement of Operations for 2002.
Critical Accounting Estimates
      The discussion and analysis of our financial position and results of operations is based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect our financial position and results of operations. See Note 1 to Consolidated Financial Statements for a description of our significant accounting policies. Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgment and uncertainties, and potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We have identified the following critical accounting estimates. We have discussed the development, selection and disclosure of these policies with our audit committee.
Mileage Plan
      Our Mileage Plan loyalty program awards miles to member passengers who fly on Alaska or Horizon and our travel partners. Additionally, we sell miles to third parties, such as our credit card partner, for cash. In either case, the outstanding miles may be redeemed for travel on Alaska, Horizon, or any of our alliance partners. As long as the Mileage Plan is in existence, we have an obligation to provide this future travel; therefore, for awards earned by passengers who fly on Alaska, Horizon or our travel partners, we recognize a liability and the corresponding selling expense for this future obligation. For miles sold to third parties, a majority of the sales proceeds are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized when the award transportation

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is provided. The deferred proceeds are recognized as passenger revenue when awards are issued and flown on Alaska or Horizon, and as other-net revenue for awards issued and flown on other airlines.
      At December 31, 2004, we had approximately 86 billion miles outstanding, resulting in an aggregate liability of $409.3 million. The liability is computed based on several assumptions that require significant management judgment to estimate and formulate. There are uncertainties inherent in estimates; therefore, an incorrect assumption impacts the amount and/or timing of revenue recognition or Mileage Plan expenses. The most significant assumptions in accounting for the Mileage Plan are described below.
      1. The number of miles that will not be redeemed for travel:
        Members may not reach the mileage threshold necessary for a free ticket and outstanding miles may not always be redeemed for travel. Therefore, based on the number of Mileage Plan accounts and the miles in the accounts, we estimate how many miles will never be used (“breakage”), and do not record a liability for those miles. Our estimates of breakage consider activity in our members accounts, account balances, and other factors. We believe our breakage assumptions are reasonable. A hypothetical 1.0% change in our estimate of breakage (currently 12% in the aggregate) has approximately a $4.5 million affect on the liability. However, actual breakage could differ significantly from our estimates given the dynamic nature of the program and our inability to predict our member’s future behavior.
      2. The number of miles used per award (i.e., free ticket):
        We estimate how many miles will be used per award. If actual miles used are more or less than estimated, we may need to adjust the liability and corresponding expense. Our estimates are based on the current requirements in our Mileage Plan program and historical redemptions on Alaska, Horizon or other airlines.
      3. The costs which will be incurred to carry the passenger:
        When the frequent flyer travels on his or her award ticket, incremental costs such as food, fuel and insurance are incurred to carry that passenger. We estimate what these costs (excluding any contribution to overhead and profit) will be and accrue a liability. If the passenger travels on another airline on an award ticket, we often must pay the other airline for carrying the passenger. The other airline costs are based on negotiated agreements and are often substantially higher than the costs we would incur to carry that passenger. We estimate how much we will pay to other airlines for future travel awards based on historical redemptions and settlements with other carriers and accrue a liability accordingly. The costs actually incurred by us or paid to other airlines may be higher or lower than the costs that were estimated and accrued, and therefore we may need to adjust our liability and recognize a corresponding expense.
      4. Redemption on Alaska or Horizon versus other airlines:
        The cost for Alaska or Horizon to carry an award passenger is typically lower than the cost we will pay to other airlines. We estimate the number of awards which will be redeemed on Alaska or Horizon versus other airlines and accrue the costs on this based on our estimate of historical redemption patterns. If the number of awards redeemed on other airlines is higher or lower than estimated, we may need to adjust our liability and corresponding expense.
      5. The rate at which we defer sales proceeds from sold miles:
        We defer an amount that represents our estimate of the value of a free travel award. As fare levels change, our deferral rate changes, which may result in more or less recognition of cash proceeds in any given quarter.
      We review all Mileage Plan estimates each quarter, and change our assumptions if facts and circumstances indicate that a change is necessary. Any such change in assumptions could have a significant effect on our financial position and results of operations.

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Pension Plans
      We account for the defined benefit pension plans using SFAS No. 87, “Employer’s Accounting for Pensions.” Under SFAS No. 87, pension expense is recognized on an accrual basis over employees’ approximate service periods. Pension expense calculated under SFAS No. 87 is generally independent of funding decisions or requirements. We recognized expense for our defined benefit pension plans of $78.3 million, $73.5 million and $40.0 million in 2004, 2003 and 2002, respectively.
      The calculation of pension expense and the corresponding liability requires the use of a number of important assumptions, including the expected long-term rate of return on plan assets and the assumed discount rate. Changes in these assumptions can result in different expense and liability amounts, and future actual experience can differ from these assumptions. At December 31, 2004, the fair value of our pension plan assets totaled $607.0 million. We anticipate making a cash contribution of approximately $58 million during 2005.
      Pension expense increases as the expected rate of return on pension plan assets decreases. At December 31, 2004, we estimate that the pension plan assets will generate a long-term rate of return of 8.0%. This rate is equal to the assumed rate of 8.0% used at December 31, 2003, and was developed by evaluating input from consultants and economists as well as long-term inflation assumptions. We regularly review the actual asset allocation and periodically rebalance investments as considered appropriate. This expected long-term rate of return on plan assets at December 31, 2004 is based on an allocation of U.S. equities and U.S. fixed income securities. Decreasing the expected long-term rate of return by 0.5% (from 8.0% to 7.5%) would increase our estimated 2005 pension expense by approximately $3.1 million.
      Pension liability and future pension expense increase as the discount rate is reduced. We discounted future pension obligations using a rate of 5.75% and 6.00% at December 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The discount rate is determined based on the current rates earned on high quality long-term bonds. Decreasing the discount rate by 0.5% (from 5.75% to 5.25%) would increase our accumulated benefit obligation at December 31, 2004 by approximately $52.0 million and increase estimated 2005 pension expense by approximately $8.7 million.
      The defined benefit plan for management personnel was closed to new entrants in 2003. We are working to restructure the defined benefits plans for other labor groups. Any such change could impact future pension expense and pension liabilities.
      Future changes in plan asset returns, assumed discount rates and various other factors related to the participants in our pension plans will impact our future pension expense and liabilities. We cannot predict what these factors will be in the future.
Long-lived Assets
      As of December 31, 2004, we had approximately $1.9 billion of property and equipment and related assets. In accounting for these long-lived assets, we make estimates about the expected useful lives of the assets, the expected residual values of the assets, and the potential for impairment based on the fair value of the assets and the cash flows they generate. Factors indicating potential impairment include, but are not limited to, significant decreases in the market value of the long-lived assets, a significant change in the long-lived assets condition, and operating cash flow losses associated with the use of the long-lived asset.
      In 2002, 2003 and 2004, due to volatile economic conditions and indications of declining aircraft market values, we evaluated whether the book value of our aircraft was impaired in accordance with SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” No impairment was necessary based on the results of the evaluations except as related to the B737-200C fleet and Horizon’s idle Fokker F-28 aircraft and spare engines as described above. See page 24.
      There is inherent risk in estimating the future cash flows used in the impairment test. If cash flows do not materialize as estimated, there is a risk the impairment charges recognized to date may be inaccurate, or further impairment charges may be necessary in the future.

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Workers Compensation and Employee Health Care Accruals
      The Company uses a combination of insurance and self-insurance mechanisms to provide for workers’ compensation claims and employee health care benefits. Liabilities associated with the risks that are retained by the Company are not discounted and are estimated, in part, by considering historical claims experience and outside expertise, severity factors and other actuarial assumptions. The estimated accruals for these liabilities could be significantly affected if future occurrences and claims differ from these assumptions and historical trends.
Restructuring accruals
      During the third quarter of 2004, Alaska announced a management reorganization and the closure of its Oakland maintenance base, contracting out of the related heavy maintenance, contracting out of the Company’s Fleet Service Ground, Support Equipment and facility maintenance functions and other initiatives. Total severance and related costs associated with this restructuring are estimated at $53.4 million. Our severance package offered to impacted employees included cash payments based on years of service and one year of medical coverage after severance date. Since Alaska self-insures for employee medical coverage, we estimated the projected claims cost for affected employees and recorded a corresponding accrual. Actual experience will likely differ from the estimate if employees accept positions with other employers and no longer need the coverage provided by Alaska or simply submit claims during the one year period that are higher or lower than our estimate. We expect to adjust this accrual quarterly throughout 2005.
Realizability of Deferred Tax Assets
      The Company has a net deferred tax liability of $98.9 million at December 31, 2004, which includes gross deferred tax assets of $396.1 million offset by a gross deferred tax liability of $495.0 million. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes.”, we have evaluated whether it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. Based on the available evidence, we have concluded that it is more likely than not that those assets would be realizable and thus no valuation allowance has been recorded as of December 31, 2004. Our conclusion is based on the expected future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences and does not rely on future taxable income. Should we incur additional losses in the future, our ability to realize the net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to greater uncertainty. We will continue to reassess the need for a valuation allowance during each future reporting period.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
      The table below presents the major indicators of financial condition and liquidity.
                         
    December 31,   December 31,    
    2004   2003   Change
             
    (In millions, except per share and debt-to-
    capital amounts)
Cash and marketable securities
  $ 873.9     $ 812.3     $ 61.6  
Working capital
    285.0       130.9       154.1  
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations
    989.6       906.9       82.7  
Shareholders’ equity
    664.8       674.2       (9.4 )
Book value per common share
  $ 24.51     $ 25.19     $ (0.68 )
Long-term debt-to-capital
    60%:40 %     57%:43 %     NA  
Long-term debt-to-capital assuming aircraft operating leases are capitalized at seven times annualized rent
    78%:22 %     77%:23 %     NA  
                   
      During the year ended December 31, 2004, our cash and marketable securities increased $61.6 million to $873.9 million. This increase reflects cash provided by operating activities of $334.0 million, offset by cash used in financing activities of $106.9 million, cash used for property and equipment additions of $167.5 million and net purchases of marketable securities of $204.5 million.

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Cash Provided by Operating Activities
      During 2004, net cash provided by operating activities was $334.0 million, compared to $355.2 million during 2003. Operating cash inflows in 2003 included $71.4 million of government compensation, whereas cash inflows in 2004 included $42.7 million of cash received from a tax refund.
Cash Used in Investing Activities
      Cash used in investing activities was $365.7 million during 2004, compared to $638.1 million in 2003. We had net purchases of $204.5 million of marketable securities and $167.5 million for property and equipment. During 2004, our aircraft related capital expenditures decreased $188.6 million as compared to 2003, reflecting a reduction in spending for new aircraft and capitalized overhauls. Beginning January 1, 2005, we will have no capital expenditures related to overhauls as those maintenance activities will be expensed as incurred under our maintenance accounting policy that will be adopted on that date.
Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
      Net cash used in financing activities was $106.9 million during 2004 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $206.8 million during 2003. Debt issuances during 2004 of $94.6 million were secured by flight equipment. These debt issuances have interest rates that vary with the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) and payment terms ranging from 12 to 16 years. Debt issuances during the period were offset by normal long-term debt payments of $59.9 million and full repayment of our credit facility of $150 million. In 2003, we completed the private placement of $150 million of floating rate senior convertible notes.
      We plan to meet our capital and operating commitments through cash flow from operations and cash and marketable securities on hand at December 31, 2004 totaling $873.9 million. We also have restricted cash of $12.6 million, which is intended to collateralize interest payments due in the next two years on our $150 million floating rate senior convertible notes due 2023 issued in 2003.
Bank Line of Credit Facility
      During 2004, Alaska paid off its $150 million credit facility and, on December  23, 2004, that facility expired. Management is currently negotiating a replacement facility and expects to close the new facility during the first quarter of 2005, although there can be no assurance that this can be accomplished on terms acceptable to us.
      The $150 million credit facility that expired in December 2004 contained contractual restrictions, required maintenance of specific levels of net worth, maintenance of certain debt and leases to net worth, leverage and fixed charge coverage ratios, and limits on investments, lease obligations, sales of assets, and additional indebtedness. Such provisions also limited the amount of funds Alaska Airlines can distribute via dividend to Alaska Air Group. The notes did not restrict the ability of our subsidiaries to enter into additional agreements limiting or prohibiting the distribution of earnings, loans or other payments to Alaska Air Group. As noted above, we are currently negotiating with a replacement facility and hope to have that agreement completed by the end of the first quarter. We expect that the new line of credit facility will be at least as restrictive as the prior credit facility.
Convertible Notes
      In 2003, Alaska Air Group completed the private placement of $150.0 million of floating rate senior convertible notes due in 2023 pursuant to Rule 144A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Net proceeds from the offering were $144.9 million, of which $22.3 million was used to acquire U.S. government securities to fund the first three years of interest payments. In 2003, we made a capital contribution to Alaska Airlines of the remaining net proceeds from the sale of the notes. Alaska Airlines has used the remaining proceeds from the notes for working capital requirements and expects in the future to continue to use these remaining proceeds for working capital requirements as well as other general corporate purposes. Although we have not yet determined how each payment of principal or interest due will be funded in the future, we anticipate that

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these payments will be funded either by dividends, distributions, loans, advances or other payments from our subsidiaries or through new borrowings or financings by Alaska Air Group. Any such payments by our subsidiaries to Air Group could be subject to statutory or contractual restrictions.
      The holders of the $150.0 million of floating rate senior convertible notes due in 2023 may elect to have the Company redeem all or a portion of the notes on the 5th, 10th and 15th anniversaries of the date of issuance. On September 30, 2004, we entered into the First Supplemental Indenture with respect to the Notes to rescind the Company’s right to pay for such a repurchase of the Notes at the option of the holders, in whole or in part, in shares of our common stock. Pursuant to the terms of the notes, as amended, any such repurchases shall be paid for in cash.
Supplemental Disclosure of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
      During 2004, Horizon financed three Bombardier Q400s under long-term debt arrangements totaling $44.7 million. These debt arrangements have a 15-year term and interest rates that vary with LIBOR. Two of the aircraft were originally leased in January 2004 and were treated as capital leases at that time. The resulting re-financing transactions did not result in any gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations.
Contractual Obligations, Commitments and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Aircraft Purchase Commitments
      At December 31, 2004, we had firm orders for 12 aircraft requiring aggregate payments of approximately $291.1 million, as set forth below. In addition, Alaska had options to acquire 26 additional B737’s, and Horizon had options to acquire 15 Q400’s and 25 CRJ 700’s. Alaska and Horizon expect to finance the firm orders and to the extent exercised, the option aircraft with leases, long-term debt or internally generated cash. One B737-800 was delivered in February 2005, and two others are expected in March and July of 2005. We have secured lease financing for the March delivery. We purchased the B737-800 aircraft delivered in February 2005 with cash on hand at the time, and expect to do the same for the July delivery. We expect to finance the CRJ700 delivered in 2005 with debt financing.
      The following table summarizes aircraft purchase commitments and payments by year, as of December 31, 2004:
                                                         
    Delivery Period — Firm Orders
     
        Beyond    
Aircraft   2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2009   Total
                             
Boeing 737-800
    3                                     3  
Bombardier CRJ700
    1       2       2       2       2             9  
                                           
Total
    4       2       2       2       2             12  
                                           
Payments (Millions)
  $ 94.8     $ 50.9     $ 51.6     $ 53.0     $ 40.8     $     $ 291.1  
                                           
      In February 2005, we converted options to acquire three B737-800 aircraft into firm orders to be delivered in 2006. This results in additional purchase commitments which have been excluded from the table above.

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Contractual Obligations
      The following table provides a summary of our principal payments under current and long-term debt obligations, operating lease commitments, aircraft purchase commitments and other obligations as of December 31, 2004. This table excludes contributions to our various pension plans, which we expect to be approximately $60 million to $75 million per year through 2008.
                                                         
                        Beyond    
    2005   2006   2007   2008   2009   2009*   Total
                             
    (In millions)
Current and long-term debt and capital lease obligations
  $ 53.4     $ 57.1     $ 60.1     $ 63.2     $ 67.0     $ 742.2     $ 1,043.0  
Operating lease commitments
    286.5       222.0       196.2       190.6       175.2       940.0       2,010.5  
Aircraft purchase commitments(3)
    94.8       50.9       51.6       53.0       40.8             291.1  
Interest obligations(1)
    54.4       52.4       49.3       47.4       42.3       211.8       457.6  
Other purchase obligations(2)
    28.8       29.1       29.4       29.7       30.0       154.5       301.5  
                                           
Total
  $ 517.9     $ 411.5     $ 386.6     $ 383.9     $ 355.3     $ 2,048.5     $ 4,103.7  
                                           
 
  * Includes $150 million related to the Company’s senior convertible notes due in 2023. Holders of these Notes may require the Company to purchase all or a portion of their Notes, for a purchase price equal to principal plus accrued interest, on the 5th, 10th, and 15th anniversaries of the issuance of the Notes, or upon the occurrence of a change in control or tax event, as defined in the agreement. See Note 4 in the consolidated financial statements.
(1)  For variable rate debt, future obligations are shown above using interest rates in effect as of December 31, 2004.
 
(2)  Includes obligations under our long-term power-by-the-hour maintenance agreement.
 
(3)  Excludes three B737-800 aircraft to be delivered in 2006. In February 2005, options for three were converted to firm orders, resulting in additional purchase obligations.
New Accounting Standards
      In March 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) reached a consensus on EITF Issue No. 03-1, “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments,” (EITF 03-1). The guidance prescribes a three-step model for determining whether an investment is other-than-temporarily impaired and requires disclosures about unrealized losses on investments. The accounting guidance is effective for reporting periods beginning after June 15, 2004, while the disclosure requirements are effective for annual reporting periods ending after June 15, 2004. In September 2004, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position EITF 03-1-1, “Effective Date of Paragraphs 10-20 of EITF Issue No. 03-1 “The Meaning of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment and Its Application to Certain Investments,” (FSP EITF 03-01-1). FSP EITF 03-1-1 delays the effective date for the measurement and recognition guidance contained in paragraphs 10-20 of EITF Issue 03-01. During the period of the delay, FSP EITF 03-1-1 states that companies should continue to apply relevant “other-than-temporary” guidance. The Company will assess the impact of paragraphs 10-20 of EITF 03-1 once the guidance has been finalized. At December 31, 2004, available-for-sale investments in the Company’s marketable securities portfolio had unrealized losses totaling $4.0 million which are recorded in Other Accumulated Comprehensive Income. Management does not believe that the securities with unrealized losses as of December 31, 2004 meet the criteria for recognizing the loss under existing other-than-temporary guidance.
      During the fourth quarter of 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS 123R, “Share Based Payments: An Amendment of FASB No. 123 and 95”. The new standard requires companies to recognize in the income statement the grant date fair value of stock options and other equity based

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compensation issued to employees. This new standard will apply to both stock options that we grant to employees and our Employee Stock Purchase Plan, which features a look-back provision and allows employees to purchase stock at a discount in excess of 5%. Our options are typically granted with graded vesting provisions, and we intend to amortize compensation cost over the service period using the straight line method. This new statement is effective for interim or annual periods beginning after June 15, 2005 (our third quarter of 2005). We intend to use the “modified prospective method” upon adoption whereby previously awarded but unvested equity awards are accounted for in accordance with SFAS 123R but prospective amounts are recognized in the income statement instead of simply being disclosed. Our stock based compensation expense, as measured under SFAS 123, approximates $8 to $10 million per year on a pre-tax basis.
      During the third quarter of 2004, the Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF) affirmed its tentative conclusion reached in July of 2004 on EITF Issue No. 04-08, “The Effect of Contingently Convertible Debt on Diluted EPS” (EITF 04-08). EITF 04-08 requires companies to include certain contingently convertible securities in the calculation of diluted EPS to the extent the inclusion of the shares would not be anti-dilutive beginning in the fourth quarter of 2004. Because the Company’s convertible notes fall under the scope of EITF 04-08 , the Company expects to report a lower diluted EPS to the extent the convertible notes are not anti-dilutive. Retroactive application of EITF 04-08 is required and our quarterly data in Item 8 has been revised accordingly. The notes were anti-dilutive for the fourth quarter and full year of 2004.
      The following example illustrates the application of this consensus on the third quarter of 2004:
                 
    As    
    Originally   Change under
    Presented   EITF 04-08
         
Net income
  $ 74.0     $ 74.0  
Interest on convertible bonds, net of tax
          1.0  
             
Adjusted net income
  $ 74.0     $ 75.0  
Weighted average shares outstanding
    26.862       26.862  
Assumed exercise of stock options
    .070       .070  
Assumed conversion of convertible bonds
          5.769