10-K 1 d10k.htm AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION--FORM 10-K AmerisourceBergen Corporation--Form 10-K
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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

 

x Annual Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Fiscal Year Ended September 30, 2006

OR

 

¨ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from              to             

AMERISOURCEBERGEN CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Commission

File Number

 

Registrant, State of Incorporation

Address and Telephone Number

 

I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.

1-16671  

AmerisourceBergen Corporation

(a Delaware Corporation)

1300 Morris Drive

Chesterbrook, PA 19087-5594

(610) 727-7000

  23-3079390

 

Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:    Common Stock, $.01 par value per share
Securities Registered Pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:    None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act).     Yes  x    No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.     Yes  ¨    No  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x     No  ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).

Large accelerated filer    x  Accelerated filer    ¨  Non-accelerated filer    ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934).    Yes  ¨    No  x

The aggregate market value of voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on March 31, 2006, based upon the closing price of such stock on the New York Stock Exchange on March 31, 2006, was $8,409,805,609.

The number of shares of common stock of AmerisourceBergen Corporation outstanding as of November 30, 2006 was 192,088,514.

Documents Incorporated by Reference

Portions of the following document are incorporated by reference in the Part of this report indicated below:

Part III—Registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders.

 



Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I

 

ITEM

        PAGE

1.

   Business    1

1A.

   Risk Factors    11

1B.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    16

2.

   Properties    16

3.

   Legal Proceedings    17

4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    17
   Executive Officers of the Registrant    18
   PART II   

5.

   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    19

6.

   Selected Financial Data    21

7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    22

7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    49

8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    50

9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    97

9A.

   Controls and Procedures    97

9B.

   Other Information    100
   PART III   

10.

   Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant    101

11.

   Executive Compensation    101

12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    101

13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions    101

14.

   Principal Accountant Fees and Services    101
   PART IV   

15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    102
   Signatures    108


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PART I

 

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

As used herein, the terms the “Company,” “AmerisourceBergen,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to AmerisourceBergen Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

AmerisourceBergen Corporation is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical services companies, with operations in the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom. Servicing both pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers in the pharmaceutical supply channel, we provide drug distribution and related services designed to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. More specifically, we distribute a comprehensive offering of brand name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter healthcare products, and home healthcare supplies and equipment to a wide variety of healthcare providers located in the United States and Canada, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail order facilities, physicians, clinics and other alternate site facilities, and skilled nursing and assisted living centers. We also provide pharmaceuticals and pharmacy services to long-term care, workers’ compensation and specialty drug patients. Additionally, we furnish healthcare providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers with an assortment of related services, including pharmacy automation, supply management software, pharmaceutical packaging, inventory management, reimbursement and pharmaceutical consulting services, logistics services, and physician education, all of which are designed to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes.

Industry Overview

We have benefited from the significant growth of the pharmaceutical industry in the United States. According to IMS Healthcare, Inc. (“IMS”), an independent third party provider of information to the pharmaceutical and healthcare industry, industry sales in the United States are expected to grow between 4% and 5% in 2007 and between 5% and 8% over the next five years. IMS also indicated that certain sectors of the market, such as biotechnology and other specialty products and the generics market will grow at higher levels.

The factors contributing to the growth of the pharmaceutical industry in the United States, and other industry trends, include:

Aging Population. The number of individuals over age 55 in the United States grew from approximately 52 million in 1990 to approximately 59 million in 2000 and is projected to increase to more than 75 million by the year 2010. This age group suffers from chronic illnesses and disabilities more than the rest of the population and is estimated to account for approximately two-thirds of total healthcare expenditures in the United States.

Introduction of New Pharmaceuticals. Traditional research and development, as well as the advent of new research, production and delivery methods, such as biotechnology and gene research and therapy, continue to generate new compounds and delivery methods that are more effective in treating diseases. These compounds have been responsible for significant increases in pharmaceutical sales. We believe ongoing research and development expenditures by the leading pharmaceutical manufacturers will contribute to continued growth of the industry. We believe ongoing research and development of biotechnology and other specialty pharmaceutical drugs, in particular, will provide opportunities for continued growth of our specialty pharmaceuticals business.

Increased Use of Drug Therapies. In response to rising healthcare costs, governmental and private payors have adopted cost containment measures that encourage the use of efficient drug therapies to prevent or treat diseases. While national attention has been focused on the overall increase in aggregate healthcare costs, we believe drug therapy has had a beneficial impact on overall healthcare costs by reducing expensive surgeries and prolonged hospital stays. Pharmaceuticals currently account for approximately 10% of overall healthcare costs. Pharmaceutical manufacturers’ continued emphasis on research and development is expected to result in the continuing introduction of cost-effective drug therapies and new uses for existing drug therapies.

 

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Pharmaceutical Supply Channel Changes. Historically, we and our major pharmaceutical distribution competitors derived a significant portion of our pharmaceutical distribution gross margin from manufacturer price increases, which have historically equaled or exceeded the overall Consumer Price Index. More recently, pharmaceutical manufacturers have been under significant pressure to reduce the rate of pharmaceutical price increases. While a portion of our gross margin continues to be derived from manufacturer price increases, our pharmaceutical distribution business has completed its transition to a fee-for-service model in fiscal 2006 where we are largely compensated for the services we provide manufacturers versus one that is dependent upon manufacturer price increases. The fee-for-service model is intended to improve the efficiency and transparency of the supply channel and is expected to establish a more predictable earnings pattern for us, while expanding our service relationship with pharmaceutical manufacturers. As of September 30, 2006, we had fee-for-service agreements in place with nearly all of the large brand name manufacturers. During fiscal 2006, more than 75% of our brand name manufacturer gross margin was not contingent on manufacturer price increases.

Legislative Developments. The Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 (“MMA”) significantly expanded Medicare coverage for outpatient prescription drugs. Beginning in 2006, Medicare beneficiaries became eligible to enroll in prescription drug plans that are offered by private entities. Medicare reimbursement rates for certain pharmaceuticals were impacted by implementation of the MMA by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (“HHS”). Further Medicare reimbursement reductions and policy changes are scheduled to be implemented in the future. The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (“DRA”) will reduce Medicaid reimbursement for certain prescription drugs, and the U.S. Congress may consider further reductions to Medicaid reimbursement. These policies may adversely affect our specialty distribution and our long-term care institutional pharmacy businesses directly and our wholesale drug distribution and specialty distribution businesses indirectly.

Expiration of Patents for Brand Name Pharmaceuticals. A significant number of patents for widely-used brand name pharmaceutical products will expire during the next several years. We consider this a favorable trend because generic products have historically provided a greater gross profit margin opportunity than brand name products.

The Company

We were formed by the merger of AmeriSource Health Corporation (“AmeriSource”) and Bergen Brunswig Corporation (“Bergen”) in August 2001. We currently serve our customers, including healthcare providers, pharmaceutical manufacturers, and patients through a geographically diverse network of distribution and service centers and other operations in the United States, Puerto Rico and Canada and through packaging facilities in the United States and the United Kingdom. In our pharmaceutical distribution business, we typically are the primary source of supply for pharmaceutical and related products to our healthcare provider customers and certain patients. We offer a broad range of services to our customers designed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of their operations, thereby allowing them to improve the delivery of healthcare to patients and to lower overall costs in the pharmaceutical supply channel.

Strategy

Our business strategy is focused solely on the pharmaceutical supply channel where we provide value-added distribution and service solutions to healthcare providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers that increase channel efficiencies and improve patient outcomes. Implementing this disciplined, focused strategy has allowed us to significantly expand our business, and we believe we are well-positioned to continue to grow revenue and increase operating income through the execution of the following key elements of our business strategy:

 

    Optimize and Grow Our Distribution and Service Businesses. We believe we are well-positioned in size and market breadth to continue to grow our distribution business as we invest to improve our operating and capital efficiencies. Distribution anchors our growth and position in the pharmaceutical supply channel as we provide superior distribution services and deliver value-added solutions which improve the efficiency and competitiveness of both healthcare providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers, thus allowing the pharmaceutical supply channel to better deliver healthcare to patients.

 

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In an effort to supplement our organic growth, we continue to utilize a disciplined approach to seek acquisitions that will assist us with our strategic growth plans. In October 2005, we acquired Trent Drugs (Wholesale) Ltd. (“Trent”), a Canadian wholesaler of pharmaceutical products. In January 2006, we changed Trent’s name to AmerisourceBergen Canada Corporation (“AmerisourceBergen Canada”). AmerisourceBergen Canada provided us with a solid foundation to expand our pharmaceutical distribution capability into the Canadian marketplace. In March 2006, AmerisourceBergen Canada acquired substantially all of the assets of Asenda Pharmaceutical Supplies Ltd. (“Asenda”), a Canadian pharmaceutical distributor that operated primarily in British Columbia and Alberta. The Asenda acquisition strengthened our position in Western Canada. In September 2006, AmerisourceBergen Canada acquired Rep-Pharm Inc. (“Rep-Pharm”), a Canadian pharmaceutical distributor that primarily serves retail community pharmacies in the provinces of Ontario, Quebec and Alberta. The Rep-Pharm acquisition continues our strategic focus on the pharmaceutical supply channel and places AmerisourceBergen Canada as the second largest pharmaceutical distributor in the Canadian market.

We believe we have one of the lowest cost operating structures in pharmaceutical distribution among our major competitors and, to further improve our position, we launched our Optimiz® program in fiscal 2001 for AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation. The Optimiz® program currently contemplates reducing the distribution facility network in the U.S. from 51 facilities in 2001 to a distribution facility network numbering in the mid-20s by the end of fiscal 2007. The plan includes building six new facilities (all of which are currently operational) and closing facilities (29 of which have been closed through September 30, 2006). During fiscal 2006, we opened our last new facility and closed six facilities. These measures have been designed to reduce operating costs and to reduce our working capital. In addition, we believe we will continue to achieve productivity and operating income gains as we invest in and continue to implement warehouse automation technology, adopt “best practices” in warehousing activities, and increase operating leverage by increasing volume per full-service distribution facility.

We have successfully transitioned our pharmaceutical distribution business to a fee-for-service model. This transition has allowed us to improve our relationships with pharmaceutical manufacturers. This business model transition had a positive effect on our working capital and a substantial majority of our gross profit was not dependent upon manufacturer price increases during fiscal 2006. The fee-for-service model is intended to improve the efficiency and transparency of the supply channel and is expected to establish a more predictable earnings pattern, while expanding our service relationship with pharmaceutical manufacturers. We expect to derive additional efficiencies from our fee-for-service model and continue to improve our relationships with our manufacturer suppliers.

 

    Grow Our Specialty Distribution and Service Businesses. Representing nearly $10 billion in operating revenue in fiscal 2006, our specialty pharmaceuticals business has a significant presence in this rapidly growing part of the pharmaceutical supply channel. With distribution and value-added services to physicians who specialize in a variety of disease states and a broad array of commercialization services for manufacturers, our specialty pharmaceuticals business is a well-developed platform for growth. We are the leader in distribution and services to community oncologists and have leading positions in other physician administered products. We also distribute vaccines, other injectibles, plasma and other blood products and are well-positioned to service and support many of the new biotech therapies which will be coming to market in the near future.

We expect to continue to expand our manufacturer services, which help pharmaceutical manufacturers, especially in the biotechnology sector, commercialize their products in the channel. We believe we are the largest provider of reimbursement services that assist pharmaceutical companies to launch drugs with targeted populations and support the products in the channel. We provide physician education services, third party logistics and specialty pharmacy services to help speed products to market. We expect to seek opportunities to enhance and expand the specialty pharmaceutical business. In February 2006, we acquired Network for Medical Communication & Research, LLC (“NMCR”), a privately-held provider of accredited continuing medical education (“CME”) for physicians and analytical

 

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research for the oncology market. The acquisition of NMCR expands AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group’s (“ABSG’s”) presence in its market-leading oncology distribution and services businesses and complements Imedex, ABSG’s accredited CME business.

In October 2006, we acquired I.G.G. of America, Inc. (“IgG”), a specialty pharmacy and infusion services business specializing in the blood derivative IVIG. The addition of IgG supports our strategy of building our specialty pharmaceutical services to manufacturers.

In November 2006, we acquired Access M.D., Inc. (“AMD”), a Canadian company that provides services, including reimbursement support programs, third-party logistics and nursing support services to manufacturers of specialty pharmaceuticals, such as injectable and biological therapies. The acquisition of AMD expands our specialty services businesses into Canada and complements the distribution services offered by AmerisourceBergen Canada.

 

    Expand Services in the Pharmaceutical Supply Channel. We offer value-added services and solutions to assist manufacturers and healthcare providers to improve their efficiency and their patient outcomes. Programs for manufacturers, such as assistance with rapid new product launches, promotional and marketing services to accelerate product sales, custom packaging, product data reporting, logistical support and workers’ compensation are all examples of value-added solutions we currently offer. We are continually seeking to expand our offerings.

Our provider solutions include: our Good Neighbor Pharmacy® program, which enables independent community pharmacies to compete more effectively through pharmaceutical benefit and merchandising programs; best-priced generic product purchasing services; hospital pharmacy consulting designed to improve operational efficiencies; scalable automated pharmacy dispensing equipment; and packaging services that deliver unit dose, punch card and other compliance packaging for institutional and retail pharmacy customers. We also continue to pursue enhancements to our services and programs.

In March 2006, we acquired Brecon Pharmaceuticals Limited (“Brecon”), a United Kingdom-based provider of contract packaging and clinical trial materials (“CTM”) services for pharmaceutical manufacturers. The acquisition of Brecon enhances our packaging business and provides the added capability to offer pharmaceutical manufacturers contract packaging and CTM services in new geographical regions.

In October 2006, we acquired Health Advocates, Inc. (“Health Advocates”), a leading provider of Medicare set-aside cost containment services to insurance payors primarily within the workers’ compensation industry. Health Advocates was renamed PMSI MSA Services, Inc. (“PMSI MSA Services”) and will operate under our workers’ compensation services business (“PMSI”). The addition of PMSI MSA Services, combined with our leading pharmacy and clinical solutions, gives our workers’ compensation business the ability to provide our customers with a fully integrated Medicare set-aside solution.

 

    Divestitures. In order to allow us to concentrate on our strategic focus of pharmaceutical distribution and related services, specialty pharmaceutical distribution and related services, and other pharmaceutical supply channel services such as packaging, we may, from time to time, consider divestitures.

In October 2006, we signed a master transaction agreement with Kindred Healthcare, Inc. (“Kindred”) to combine our respective institutional pharmacy businesses, PharMerica Long-Term Care and Kindred Pharmacy Services (“KPS”), into a new, independent, publicly traded company. The proposed transaction is intended to be tax-free to the stockholders of both the Company and Kindred. The new company would be the second largest in the institutional pharmacy services market with annual revenues of approximately $1.9 billion and a customer base of approximately 330,000 licensed beds in 41 states. The proposed combination does not include PMSI.

The transaction would begin with Long-Term Care and KPS each borrowing up to $150 million and providing a one-time distribution back to their respective parents. The cash distribution is intended to

 

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be all or substantially all tax-free to us. After the borrowing and distribution, each of the institutional pharmacy businesses would be separately spun off as independent companies, each with 100 percent stock ownership by the stockholders of their respective parents, followed immediately by the independent companies combining in a stock-for-stock exchange which would result in our and Kindred’s stockholders each owning 50 percent of the new company. The master transaction agreement provides that at closing of the transaction, we will enter into a pharmaceutical distribution agreement with the new company, and Kindred will enter into an agreement to provide information technology services to the new company. The master transaction agreement also provides that at closing, we, Kindred and the new company will enter into agreements for the provision of certain transition services for a limited transition period following consummation of the transaction. Consummation of the transaction is subject to a number of conditions, including the effectiveness of a registration statement with respect to the shares of the new company’s common stock, receipt of financing for the new company and for one-time cash distributions to us and Kindred, and receipt of a favorable determination from the Internal Revenue Service regarding the tax-free nature of the transaction. There can be no assurance that all conditions to completion of the transaction will be met.

Operations

Operating Structure. We are organized based upon the products and services we provide to our customers. The Company’s operations are comprised of two reportable segments: Pharmaceutical Distribution and PharMerica.

The Pharmaceutical Distribution segment includes the operations of AmerisourceBergen Drug Corporation (“ABDC”), AmerisourceBergen Specialty Group (“ABSG”) and the AmerisourceBergen Packaging Group (“ABPG”). Servicing both pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers in the supply channel, the Pharmaceutical Distribution segment’s operations provide drug distribution and related services designed to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. ABDC distributes a comprehensive offering of brand name and generic pharmaceuticals, over-the-counter healthcare products, and home healthcare supplies and equipment to a wide variety of healthcare providers, including acute care hospitals and health systems, independent and chain retail pharmacies, mail order facilities, clinics, alternate site facilities and other customers. In an effort to further protect the safety of the supply channel, we purchase all pharmaceuticals only from manufacturers. ABDC also provides pharmacy management and consulting services and scalable automated pharmacy dispensing equipment, medication and supply dispensing cabinets and supply management software to a variety of retail and institutional healthcare providers. Substantially all of ABDC’s operations are in the United States and Canada.

ABSG, through a number of individual operating businesses, provides distribution and other services to physicians and alternate care providers who specialize in a variety of disease states, such as oncology. ABSG also distributes vaccines, other injectibles, plasma and other blood products. In addition, through its manufacturer, physician and patient services businesses, ABSG provides a number of commercialization, third party logistics, group purchasing services, and other services for biotech and other pharmaceutical manufacturers, reimbursement consulting, data analytics, practice management, and physician education. Substantially all of ABSG’s operations are in the United States.

ABPG consists of American Health Packaging, Anderson Packaging (“Anderson”) and the recently acquired Brecon. American Health Packaging delivers unit dose, punch card, unit-of-use and other packaging solutions to institutional and retail healthcare providers. Anderson is a leading provider of contract packaging services for pharmaceutical manufacturers. Brecon is a United Kingdom-based provider of contract packaging and CTM services for pharmaceutical manufacturers.

The PharMerica segment includes the operations of the PharMerica long-term care business (“Long-Term Care”) and a workers’ compensation-related business (“PMSI”).

Long-Term Care is a leading national dispenser of pharmaceutical products and services to patients in long-term care and alternate site settings, including skilled nursing facilities, assisted living facilities and residential

 

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living communities. Long-Term Care’s institutional pharmacy business involves the purchase of bulk quantities of prescription and nonprescription pharmaceuticals, principally from our Pharmaceutical Distribution segment, and the dispensing of those products to residents in long-term care and alternate site facilities. Unlike hospitals, most long-term and alternate care facilities do not have onsite pharmacies to dispense prescription drugs, but depend instead on institutional pharmacies, such as Long-Term Care, to provide the necessary pharmacy products and services and to play an integral role in monitoring patient medication. Long-Term Care pharmacies dispense pharmaceuticals in patient-specific packaging in accordance with physician orders. In addition, Long-Term Care provides infusion therapy services, as well as formulary management and other pharmacy consulting services.

PMSI provides mail order and on-line pharmacy services to chronically and catastrophically ill patients under workers’ compensation programs, and provides pharmaceutical claims administration services for payors. PMSI services include home delivery of prescription drugs, medical supplies and equipment, and computer software solutions to reduce payors’ administrative costs. Starting in fiscal 2007, PMSI also will offer Medicare set-aside cost containment services to its insurance payor customers.

Sales and Marketing. ABDC has a sales force organized regionally and specialized by healthcare provider type. Customer service representatives are located in distribution facilities in order to respond to customer needs in a timely and effective manner. ABDC also has support professionals focused on its various technologies and service offerings. ABDC’s marketing department designs and develops AmerisourceBergen value-added healthcare provider solutions and marketing materials. Tailored to specific groups, these programs and materials can be further customized at the business unit or distribution facility level to adapt to local market conditions. ABDC’s sales and marketing also serves national account customers through close coordination with local distribution centers and with the management of the Specialty and Packaging groups. ABDC sales and marketing ensures that our customers are receiving service offerings that meet their needs. Our Specialty and Packaging groups and the Long-Term Care and PMSI businesses each have independent sales forces and marketing organizations that specialize in their respective product and service offerings.

Customers. We have a diverse customer base that includes institutional and retail healthcare providers as well as pharmaceutical manufacturers. Institutional healthcare providers include acute care hospitals, health systems, mail order pharmacies, long-term and alternate care facilities, and physician offices. Retail healthcare providers include national and regional retail drugstore chains, independent community pharmacies and pharmacy departments of supermarkets and mass merchandisers. We are typically the primary source of supply for our customers. In addition, we offer a broad range of value-added solutions designed to enhance the operating efficiencies and competitive positions of our customers, thereby allowing them to improve the delivery of healthcare to patients and consumers. During fiscal 2006, operating revenue for our Pharmaceutical Distribution segment was comprised of 58% institutional and 42% retail.

Our top ten customers represented approximately 32% of fiscal 2006 operating revenue. Our largest non-bulk customer represented 8% of our operating revenue in fiscal 2006. Revenues generated from sales to Medco Health Solutions, Inc. (“Medco”) accounted for approximately 98% of bulk deliveries to customer warehouses and approximately 7% of operating revenue in fiscal 2006. Other than our largest non-bulk customer and Medco, no individual customer accounted for more than 5% of our fiscal 2006 operating revenue. In addition, we have contracts with group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of its members, who are healthcare providers. Approximately 8% of our operating revenue in fiscal 2006 was derived from our two largest GPO relationships (Novation and Premier). The loss of any major customer or GPO relationship could adversely affect future operating revenue.

Suppliers. We obtain pharmaceutical and other products from manufacturers, none of which accounted for more than approximately 10% of our purchases in fiscal 2006. The loss of a supplier could adversely affect our business if alternate sources of supply are unavailable. We believe that our relationships with our suppliers are good. The ten largest suppliers in fiscal 2006 accounted for approximately 58% of our purchases.

 

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Historically, a significant portion of ABDC’s gross margin was derived from its ability to purchase merchandise inventories in advance of pharmaceutical manufacturer price increases and to hold these inventories until pharmaceutical prices increased, thereby generating a larger gross margin upon sale of the inventories. This business practice led to significant volatility in ABDC’s gross margin and, therefore, we transitioned our pharmaceutical distribution business to a fee-for-service model where we are primarily compensated for the services we provide manufacturers versus one that was dependent upon manufacturer price increases. Under a typical fee-for-service agreement, we are compensated for our services based on a percentage of purchases over a defined time period, with payment of fees being made directly or through a combination of direct payments and price increase entitlements. As of September 30, 2006, we have signed fee-for-service agreements with substantially all of the large branded pharmaceutical manufacturers. The fee-for-service model is intended to improve the efficiency and transparency of the supply channel and is expected to establish a more predictable earnings pattern for ABDC, while expanding our service relationship with pharmaceutical manufacturers. The fee-for-service arrangements may establish a more predictable earnings pattern because, under many of the agreements, we earn a fee for our services performed in contrast to a model where earnings are largely predicated upon the timing and amount of pharmaceutical price increases. During fiscal 2006, more than 75% of ABDC’s brand name manufacturer gross profit was not contingent on manufacturer price increases.

Information Systems. ABDC operates its full-service wholesale pharmaceutical distribution facilities in the U.S. on one centralized information system. ABDC’s information system provides for, among other things, electronic order entry by customers, invoice preparation and purchasing, and inventory tracking. As a result of electronic order entry, the cost of receiving and processing orders has not increased as rapidly as sales volume. ABDC’s customized systems strengthen customer relationships by allowing the customer to lower its operating costs and by providing a platform for a number of the value-added services offered to our customers, including marketing, product demand data, inventory replenishment, single-source billing, computer price updates and price labels.

ABDC plans to continue to make system investments to further improve its information capabilities and meet its customer and operational needs. ABDC continues to expand its electronic interface with its suppliers and currently processes a substantial portion of its purchase orders, invoices and payments electronically. ABDC continues to implement a new warehouse operating system that is expected to improve its productivity and operating leverage. ABDC will continue to invest in advanced information systems and automated warehouse technology. As of September 30, 2006, approximately two-thirds of ABDC’s transactional volume is generated from our distribution facilities that have successfully implemented the new warehouse operating system.

In an effort to maintain and improve its information technology infrastructure, ABDC decided to outsource a significant portion of the information technology activities relating to its corporate functions and to its operations and entered into a ten-year commitment, effective July 1, 2005, with IBM Global Services, which has assumed responsibility for performing the outsourced information technology activities. During fiscal 2006 and 2005, we incurred a total of approximately $21 million of transition costs, which included employee severance and other contract expenses, in connection with this plan.

ABSG operates its specialty distribution business on a common, centralized ERP platform resulting in operating efficiencies as well as the ability to rapidly deploy new capabilities. The convenience of ordering via the Internet is very important to ABSG’s customers. Over the past few years, we have introduced and enhanced our web capabilities such that a significant amount of orders are initiated via the Internet.

PharMerica’s Long-Term Care business operates a proprietary information technology infrastructure that automates order entry of medications, dispensing of medications, invoicing, and payment processing. These systems provide medical records, consulting drug review, and regulatory compliance information to help ensure patient safety. In May 2006, Long-Term Care acquired software, in connection with its purchase of certain assets of a technology solution company, that streamlines the exchange of information between Long-Term Care and its customers and provides long-term care facilities with safe and efficient electronic medication management.

 

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PharMerica’s PMSI business provides proprietary information technology for workers’ compensation solutions. These systems provide eligibility authorization and reimbursement payments to participating pharmacies. They also provide order taking, shipment and collection of service fees for medications and specialty services. The systems also provide billing and reimbursement for other services rendered. PharMerica continues to invest in technologies that help improve data integrity, critical information access and system availability.

Competition

We face a highly competitive environment in the distribution of pharmaceuticals and related healthcare solutions. Our largest competitors are Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Corporation. ABDC competes with both national and regional distributors within pharmaceutical distribution. In addition, we compete with regional and local distributors, manufacturers who sell directly, chain drugstores who do their own warehousing, specialty distributors, and packaging and healthcare technology companies. The distribution and related service businesses in which ABSG engages are also highly competitive. ABSG’s operating businesses face competition from a variety of competitors, including Oncology Therapeutics Network, FFF Enterprises, Henry Schein, Inc., Med-Path, Priority Healthcare Corporation, US Oncology, Inc., Covance Inc., and UPS Logistics, among others. In all areas, competitive factors include price, product offerings, value-added service programs, service and delivery, credit terms, and customer support.

PharMerica Long-Term Care’s competitors principally include Omnicare, Inc., a national competitor, which is significantly larger than PharMerica Long-Term Care, Kindred Pharmacy Services, as well as regional and local pharmacies that specialize in long-term care. We believe that the competitive factors most important in PharMerica Long-Term Care’s lines of business are quality and scope of service offered, pricing, ease of doing business with the provider, and the ability to develop and maintain relationships with referral sources. In addition, there are relatively few barriers to entry in the local markets served by PharMerica Long-Term Care and it may encounter substantial competition from local market entrants. The PMSI business of PharMerica competes with numerous billing companies in connection with the portion of its business that electronically adjudicates workers’ compensation claims for payors. PMSI also competes with various companies that provide home delivery of prescription drugs, medical supplies and equipment. PMSI’s primary competitors include Concentra Operating Corporation, Fiserv Health, Medical Services Company, Cypress Medical Products and Progressive Medical, Inc.

Intellectual Property

We use a number of trademarks and service marks. All of the principal trademarks and service marks used in the course of our business have been registered in the United States and, in some cases, in foreign jurisdictions or are the subject of pending applications for registration.

We have developed or acquired various proprietary products, processes, software and other intellectual property that are used either to facilitate the conduct of our business or that are made available as products or services to customers. We generally seek to protect such intellectual property through a combination of trade secret, patent and copyright laws and through confidentiality and other contractually imposed protections.

We hold patents and have patent applications pending that relate to certain of our products, particularly our automated pharmacy dispensing equipment and our medication and supply dispensing equipment. We seek patent protection for our proprietary intellectual property from time to time as appropriate.

Although we believe that our patents or other proprietary products and processes do not infringe upon the intellectual property rights of any third parties, third parties may assert infringement claims against us from time to time.

Employees

As of September 30, 2006, we employed approximately 14,700 persons, of which approximately 13,200 were full-time employees. Approximately 3% of full and part-time employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our relationship with our employees is good.

 

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Government Regulation

We are subject to oversight by various state and federal governmental entities and we are subject to, and affected by, a variety of state and federal laws, regulations and policies.

The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (“DEA”), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and various state regulatory authorities regulate the distribution of pharmaceutical products and controlled substances. Wholesale distributors of these substances are required to register for permits, meet various security and operating standards, and comply with regulations governing their sale, marketing, packaging, holding and distribution. The DEA, FDA and state regulatory authorities have broad enforcement powers, including the ability to seize or recall products and impose significant criminal, civil and administrative sanctions for violations of these laws and regulations. As a wholesale distributor of pharmaceuticals and certain related products, we are subject to these regulations. We have received all necessary regulatory approvals and believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable pharmaceutical wholesale distribution requirements.

We and our customers are subject to fraud and abuse laws, including the federal anti-kickback statute and the Stark law. The anti-kickback statute prohibits persons from soliciting, offering, receiving or paying any remuneration in order to induce the referral of a person for the furnishing or arranging for the furnishing of any item or service or for inducing the purchasing, leasing, ordering, or arranging for or recommending purchasing, leasing, or ordering of items or services that are in any way paid for by Medicare, Medicaid, or other federal healthcare programs. The Stark law prohibits physicians from making referrals for designated health services to certain entities with whom they have a financial relationship. The fraud and abuse laws and regulations are broad in scope and are subject to frequent modification and varied interpretation. The operations of Long-Term Care and ABSG are particularly subject to these laws and regulations, as are certain aspects of our ABDC operations.

The MMA instituted an “average sales price” or “ASP” methodology beginning in 2005 for Medicare Part B reimbursed drugs. Under Medicare Part B, physicians have the option of continuing to obtain drugs under the traditional “buy and bill” approach and being reimbursed for the drugs at ASP+6% or acquiring drugs through a competitive acquisition program or CAP. Physicians who participate in CAP bill the Medicare program only for drug administration, while the CAP vendor bills Medicare for the actual CAP drug and collects applicable beneficiary copayments. We are not a CAP vendor and an insignificant number of our physician customers have elected to participate in the CAP to date.

The MMA also significantly expanded Medicare coverage for outpatient prescription drugs through new Medicare Part D. Beginning in 2006, Medicare beneficiaries became eligible to enroll in outpatient prescription drug plans that are offered by private entities and became eligible for varying levels of coverage for outpatient prescription drugs. Beneficiaries who participate select from a range of stand-alone prescription drug plans or Medicare Advantage managed care plans that include prescription drug coverage along with other Medicare services (“Part D Plans”). The Part D Plans are required to make available certain drugs on their formularies. Each Part D Plan negotiates reimbursement for Part D drugs with pharmaceutical manufacturers.

The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (“DRA”) includes provisions that contemplate the use of average manufacturers’ price (AMP) as the reimbursement benchmark under Medicaid for generic pharmaceuticals starting in calendar year 2007. The DRA requires CMS to issue regulations on the AMP calculation methodology no later than July 1, 2007. We expect the use of an AMP benchmark to result in a reduction in the Medicaid reimbursement rates to our customers for certain generic pharmaceuticals, which may indirectly impact the prices that we can charge our customers for generic pharmaceuticals and cause corresponding declines in our profitability.

Under the Prospective Payment System (“PPS”) for Medicare patients in skilled nursing facilities, Medicare pays a federal daily rate for virtually all covered skilled nursing facility services. Under PPS, PharMerica’s Long-Term Care skilled nursing facility customers are not able to pass through to Medicare their costs for certain products and services provided by PharMerica. Instead, Medicare provides such customers a federal daily rate to

 

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cover the costs of all covered goods and services provided to Medicare patients, which may include certain pharmaceutical and other goods and services provided by PharMerica. Because this Medicare reimbursement is limited by the PPS, facility customers have an increased incentive to negotiate with PharMerica to minimize the costs of providing goods and services to patients covered under Medicare. PharMerica bills skilled nursing facilities based on a negotiated fee schedule.

Medicare beneficiaries who will have all or a substantial portion of their prescription drug costs covered by the Medicare Part D drug benefit include those nursing home residents served by the Long-Term Care business who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid and whose drug costs traditionally have been covered by Medicaid programs. In January 2005, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (“CMS”) of HHS published final rules concerning the Part D benefit. While these rules established a framework for the new benefit, CMS continues to provide further information and guidance. The rules permit long-term care pharmacies to provide covered Medicare Part D drugs to enrollees in the Medicare Part D plans. Under the Part D rules, long-term care pharmacies participate on an in-network basis by contracting directly with the Part D Plans. Medicare Part D could have an adverse effect on the Long-Term Care business.

PharMerica’s Long-Term Care business also receives reimbursement directly for dispensed pharmaceuticals in some cases under certain Medicaid programs. Over the last several years, certain Medicaid programs have lowered reimbursement through a variety of mechanisms, principally reductions in AWP levels, expansion of Federal Upper Limit (FUL) pricing, and general reductions in contract payment methodology to pharmacies. Additional reimbursement reductions are possible in the future. The U.S. Congress also is considering budget reconciliation legislation that would further reduce Medicaid reimbursement for pharmaceuticals, although to date, the U.S. Congress has not adopted a final budget package. Moreover, as noted above, Medicaid drug coverage was affected by the new Medicare Part D drug benefit that was implemented in 2006, since Medicare Part D, not Medicaid, covers most outpatient drug expenses for beneficiaries who qualify for both Medicare and Medicaid coverage (so-called “dual eligibles”), including dual eligibles residing in nursing homes.

In recent years, some states have passed or have proposed laws and regulations that are intended to protect the safety of the supply channel. For example, Florida and other states are implementing pedigree requirements that require drugs to be accompanied by information tracing drugs back to the manufacturers. These and other requirements are expected to increase our cost of operations. At the federal level, the FDA issued final regulations pursuant to the Pharmaceutical Drug Marketing Act that became effective in December 2006. The regulations impose pedigree and other chain of custody requirements that increase the costs and/or burden to the Company of selling to other pharmaceutical distributors and handling product returns. In early December 2006, the federal District Court for the Eastern District of New York issued a preliminary injunction temporarily enjoining the implementation of the regulations in response to a case initiated by secondary distributors. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this legal proceeding.

As a result of political, economic and regulatory influences, the healthcare delivery industry in the United States is under intense scrutiny and subject to fundamental changes. We cannot predict which reform proposals, if any, will be adopted, when they may be adopted, or what impact they may have on us.

The costs associated with complying with federal and state regulations could be significant and the failure to comply with any such legal requirements could have a significant impact on our results of operations and financial condition.

See “Risk Factors” for a discussion of additional regulatory developments that may affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Health Information Practices

The Health Information Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (“HIPAA”) and the regulations promulgated thereunder by HHS set forth health information standards in order to protect security and privacy in the exchange of individually identifiable health information. Significant criminal and civil penalties may be imposed for violation of these standards. We have a HIPAA compliance program to facilitate our ongoing effort to comply with the HIPAA regulations.

 

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Available Information

For more information about us, visit our website at www.amerisourcebergen.com. The contents of the website are not part of this Form 10-K. Our electronic filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including all Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K, and any amendments to these reports) may be viewed using their website at www.sec.gov and are available free of charge through the “Investors” section of our website immediately after we electronically file with or furnish them to the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

ITEM 1A.    RISK FACTORS

The following discussion describes certain risk factors that we believe could affect our business and prospects. These risk factors are in addition to those set forth elsewhere in this report.

Intense competition may erode our profit margins.

The distribution of pharmaceuticals and related healthcare solutions is highly competitive. We compete with large wholesale distributors of pharmaceuticals such as Cardinal Health, Inc. and McKesson Corporation; regional and local distributors of pharmaceuticals; chain drugstores that warehouse their own pharmaceuticals; manufacturers who distribute their products directly to customers; specialty distributors; and other healthcare providers. The Long-Term Care and PMSI businesses in which PharMerica operates also are highly competitive.

Competitive pressures have contributed to a decline in our gross profit margins on operating revenue from 5.42% in fiscal 2001 to 3.94% in fiscal 2006. This trend may continue and our business could be adversely affected as a result.

Our operating revenue and results of operations may suffer upon the loss of a significant customer.

Our top ten customers represented approximately 32% of operating revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006. Our largest individual customer accounted for approximately 8% of our operating revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006. We also have contracts with group purchasing organizations (“GPOs”), each of which functions as a purchasing agent on behalf of its members, who are hospitals, pharmacies or other healthcare providers. Approximately 8% of our operating revenue for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006 was derived from our two largest GPO relationships (Novation and Premier). We may lose a significant customer or GPO relationship if any existing contract with such customer or GPO expires without being extended, renewed, renegotiated or replaced or is terminated by the customer or GPO prior to expiration, to the extent such early termination is permitted by the contract. A number of our contracts with significant customers or GPOs are typically subject to expiration each year and we may lose any of these customers or GPO relationships if we are unable to extend, renew, renegotiate or replace the contracts. The loss of any significant customer or GPO relationship could adversely affect our operating revenue and results of operations.

Our operating revenue and results of operations may suffer upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or other credit failure of a significant customer.

Most of our customers buy pharmaceuticals and other products and services from us on credit. Credit is made available to customers based on our assessment and analysis of creditworthiness. Although we often try to obtain a security interest in assets and other arrangements intended to protect our credit exposure, we generally are either subordinated to the position of the primary lenders to our customers or substantially unsecured. The bankruptcy, insolvency or other credit failure of any customer at a time when the customer has a substantial account payable balance due to us could have a material adverse affect on our operating revenue and results of operations. At September 30, 2006, the largest trade receivable due from a single customer represented approximately 12% of accounts receivable, net.

 

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Our results of operations may suffer upon the bankruptcy, insolvency or other credit failure of a significant supplier.

Our relationships with pharmaceutical suppliers give rise to substantial amounts that are due to us from the suppliers, including amounts due to us for returned goods or defective goods and amounts due to us for services provided to the suppliers. The bankruptcy, insolvency or other credit failure of any supplier at a time when the supplier has a substantial account payable balance due to us could have a material adverse affect on our results of operations.

Increasing governmental efforts to regulate the pharmaceutical supply channel may increase our costs and reduce our profitability.

The healthcare industry is highly regulated at the federal and state level. Consequently, we are subject to the risk of changes in various federal and state laws, which include operating and security standards of the DEA, the FDA, various state boards of pharmacy and comparable agencies. In recent years, some states have passed or have proposed laws and regulations, including laws and regulations obligating pharmaceutical distributors to provide prescription drug pedigrees, that are intended to protect the safety of the supply channel but that also may substantially increase the costs and burden of pharmaceutical distribution. For example, the Florida Prescription Drug Pedigree laws and regulations that became effective in July 2006 imposed obligations upon us to deliver prescription drug pedigrees to various categories of customers. In order to comply with the Florida requirements, we implemented an e-pedigree system at our distribution center in Florida that required significant capital outlays. Other states are considering laws and regulations that would require us to implement pedigree capabilities in those other states similar to the pedigree capabilities implemented for Florida. California is considering mandating the implementation of costly track and trace chain of custody technologies, such as radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies, within the next few years even though such technologies have yet to be commercialized. At the federal level, the FDA issued final regulations pursuant to the Pharmaceutical Drug Marketing Act that were scheduled to become effective in December 2006. The regulations impose pedigree and other chain of custody requirements that increase the costs and/or burden to us of selling to other pharmaceutical distributors and handling product returns. In early December 2006, the federal District Court for the Eastern District of New York issued a preliminary injunction temporarily enjoining the implementation of the regulations in response to a case initiated by secondary distributors. We cannot predict the ultimate outcome of this legal proceeding.

Legal and regulatory changes reducing reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals and/or medical treatments or services may reduce our profitability and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Both our own profit margins and the profit margins of our customers may be adversely affected by laws and regulations reducing reimbursement rates for pharmaceuticals and/or medical treatments or services or changing the methodology by which reimbursement levels are determined. Many of our contracts with healthcare providers are multi-year contracts from which we derive profit based upon reimbursement rates and methodology. Many of these contracts cannot be terminated or amended in the event of such legal and regulatory changes. Accordingly, such changes may have the effect of reducing, or even eliminating, our profitability on such contracts until the end of the applicable contract periods.

ABSG’s business may be adversely affected in the future by changes in the Medicare reimbursement rates for certain pharmaceuticals, including oncology drugs administered by physicians. Since ABSG provides a number of services to or through physicians, this could result in slower growth or lower revenues for ABSG.

Long-Term Care receives rebates from pharmaceutical manufacturers for undertaking certain activities that the manufacturers believe may increase the likelihood that their respective products will be dispensed. CMS continues to question pharmacies’ receipt of discounts, rebates, and other price concessions from pharmaceutical manufacturers with respect to prescriptions covered under the Medicare Part D benefit. In a finalized “Call Letter” for the 2007 calendar year, CMS indicated it will require Part D Plans to have policies and systems in place, as part of their drug utilization management programs, to protect beneficiaries and reduce costs when long-term care pharmacies are subject to incentives to move market share through access/performance rebates from drug manufacturers. Especially where such rebates exist, CMS instructs Part D Plans to require pharmacies to

 

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disclose to the Part D Plans any discounts, rebates and other direct or indirect remuneration designed to directly or indirectly influence or impact utilization of Part D drugs. CMS has issued guidelines regarding the information that CMS will require from Part D Plans concerning rebates received by long-term care pharmacies.

The DRA is intended to reduce net Medicare and Medicaid spending by approximately $11 billion over the next four to five years. DRA provisions could reduce payments to Long-Term Care customers. Among other things, the DRA will reduce certain bad debt payments to Medicare skilled nursing facilities and strengthen asset transfer restrictions for people seeking to qualify for Medicaid long-term care coverage. In addition, new rules that will go into effect on January 1, 2007 may decrease Medicaid pharmacy reimbursement for multiple-source drugs by changing the federal upper payment limit from 150 percent of the lowest published price for a drug (which is usually the wholesale acquisition cost) to 250 percent of the lowest average manufacturer price. There can be no assurance that the changes under the DRA will not have an adverse impact on our business. Various administrative agencies are in the process of defining the specific details of the legislation. We are continuing to work with our customers and the regulatory agencies in this process. We are currently developing plans to mitigate the potential impact of these legislative changes. If we fail to successfully develop and implement such plans, this change in reimbursement formula and related reporting requirements and other provisions of the DRA could adversely affect our results of operations.

Average wholesale price, or AWP, is a pricing benchmark published by First DataBank, Inc. that is widely used to calculate a portion of the Medicaid and Medicare Part D reimbursements payable to pharmacy providers for the drugs and biologicals they provide. AWP is also used to establish the pricing of pharmaceuticals to certain of our pharmaceutical distribution customers in Puerto Rico. First DataBank recently agreed to a proposed settlement of a legal proceeding that would require First DataBank to stop publishing AWP two years after the settlement becomes effective unless a competitor of First DataBank is publishing AWP at that future time. First DataBank would also be required to change the way it calculates AWP during the two-year interim period. The settlement agreement is not final, and we are evaluating the potential impact that it could have on the business of our customers and our business. There can be no assurance that the settlement, if approved, would not have an adverse impact on the business of our customers and/or our business.

The federal government may adopt measures in the future that would further reduce Medicare and/or Medicaid spending or impose additional requirements on health care entities. At this time, we can provide no assurances that such changes, if adopted, would not have an adverse effect on our business.

The changing United States healthcare environment may negatively impact our business and our profitability.

Our products and services are intended to function within the structure of the healthcare financing and reimbursement system currently existing in the United States. In recent years, the healthcare industry has undergone significant changes in an effort to reduce costs and government spending. These changes include an increased reliance on managed care; cuts in Medicare funding affecting our healthcare provider customer base; consolidation of competitors, suppliers and customers; and the development of large, sophisticated purchasing groups. We expect the healthcare industry to continue to change significantly in the future. Some of these potential changes, such as a reduction in governmental support of healthcare services or adverse changes in legislation or regulations governing prescription drug pricing, healthcare services or mandated benefits, may cause healthcare industry participants to reduce the amount of our products and services they purchase or the price they are willing to pay for our products and services. We expect continued government and private payor pressure to reduce pharmaceutical pricing. Changes in pharmaceutical manufacturers’ pricing or distribution policies could also significantly reduce our profitability.

If we fail to comply with laws and regulations in respect of healthcare fraud and abuse, we could suffer penalties or be required to make significant changes to our operations.

We are subject to extensive and frequently changing federal and state laws and regulations relating to healthcare fraud and abuse. The federal government continues to strengthen its position and scrutiny over practices involving healthcare fraud affecting Medicare, Medicaid and other government healthcare programs. Our relationships with pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers subject our business to laws and

 

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regulations on fraud and abuse which, among other things, (i) prohibit persons from soliciting, offering, receiving or paying any remuneration in order to induce the referral of a patient for treatment or for inducing the ordering or purchasing of items or services that are in any way paid for by Medicare, Medicaid or other government-sponsored healthcare programs and (ii) impose a number of restrictions upon referring physicians and providers of designated health services under Medicare and Medicaid programs. Legislative provisions relating to healthcare fraud and abuse give federal enforcement personnel substantially increased funding, powers and remedies to pursue suspected fraud and abuse. While we believe that we are in substantial compliance with all applicable laws, many of the regulations applicable to us, including those relating to marketing incentives offered by pharmaceutical suppliers, are vague or indefinite and have not been interpreted by the courts. They may be interpreted or applied by a prosecutorial, regulatory or judicial authority in a manner that could require us to make changes in our operations. If we fail to comply with applicable laws and regulations, we could suffer civil and criminal penalties, including the loss of licenses or our ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs.

Our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected if we undertake acquisitions of businesses that do not perform as we expect or that are difficult for us to integrate.

We expect to continue to implement our growth strategy, in part, by acquiring companies. At any particular time, we may be in various stages of assessment, discussion and negotiation with regard to one or more potential acquisitions, not all of which will be consummated. We make public disclosure of pending and completed acquisitions when appropriate and required by applicable securities laws and regulations.

Acquisitions involve numerous risks and uncertainties. If we complete one or more acquisitions, our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including: the failure of the acquired businesses to achieve the results we have projected in either the near or long term; the assumption of unknown liabilities; the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed; the difficulties of imposing adequate financial and operating controls on the acquired companies and their management and the potential liabilities that might arise pending the imposition of adequate controls; the difficulties in the integration of the operations, technologies, services and products of the acquired companies; and the failure to achieve the strategic objectives of these acquisitions.

Our results of operations and our financial condition may be adversely affected by foreign operations.

We recently acquired three pharmaceutical distributors based in Canada and a provider of contract packaging and clinical trials materials services based in the United Kingdom, and expect to consider additional foreign acquisitions in the future. Our existing foreign operations and any operations we may acquire in the future carry risks in addition to the risks of acquisition, as described above. At any particular time, foreign operations may encounter risks and uncertainties regarding the governmental, political, economic, business and competitive environment within the countries in which those operations are based. Additionally, foreign operations expose us to foreign currency fluctuations that could impact our results of operations and financial condition based on the movements of the applicable foreign currency exchange rates in relation to the U.S. Dollar.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results, our management may not be able to provide its report on the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2007 as required pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, and our independent registered public accounting firm may not be able to provide an unqualified attestation, or any attestation, on management’s assessment of the operating effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting.

Pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our management will be required to deliver a report in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2007, similar to the one delivered herein, that assesses the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We also will be required to deliver an attestation report, similar to the one delivered herein, of our independent registered public accounting firm on our management’s assessment of, and operating effectiveness of, internal controls. We have undertaken substantial effort to assess, enhance and document our internal control systems, financial processes and

 

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information systems and expect to continue to do so during fiscal 2007 in preparation for the required annual evaluation process. Significant use of resources, both internal and external, will be required to make the requisite evaluation of the annual effectiveness of our internal controls. While we believe we have adequate internal controls and will meet our obligations, there can be no assurance that we will be able to complete the work necessary for our management to issue the report in a timely manner or that management or our independent registered public accounting firm will conclude that our internal controls are effective.

In addition, ABDC’s controls are dependent, in part, on the third party service provider (IBM) to which we have outsourced responsibility for a significant portion of our information technology activities. If IBM does not perform satisfactorily and/or provide the assurances to us and our independent registered public accounting firm that are required, the ability of the Company and the accounting firm to conclude that our internal controls are effective could be adversely affected.

Our Pharmaceutical Distribution segment is subject to inflation in branded pharmaceutical prices and deflation in generic pharmaceutical prices, which subjects us to risks and uncertainties.

As part of our transition to fee-for-service, some distribution service agreements entered into with branded pharmaceutical manufacturers continue to have an inflation-based compensation component to them. Arrangements with a small number of branded manufacturers continue to be solely inflation-based. If the frequency or rate of branded pharmaceutical price inflation slows, our results of operations could be adversely affected. In addition, the Pharmaceutical Distribution segment distributes generic pharmaceuticals, which are subject to price deflation. If the frequency or rate of generic pharmaceutical price deflation accelerates, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

Risks generally associated with our sophisticated information systems may adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our businesses rely on sophisticated information systems to obtain, rapidly process, analyze, and manage data to facilitate the purchase and distribution of thousands of inventory items from numerous distribution centers; to receive, process, and ship orders on a timely basis; to account for other product and service transactions with customers; to manage the accurate billing and collections for thousands of customers; and to process payments to suppliers. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if these systems are interrupted or damaged by unforeseen events or if they fail for any extended period of time, including due to the actions of third parties. A third party service provider (IBM) is responsible for managing a significant portion of ABDC’s information systems. Our business and results of operations may be adversely affected if the third party service provider does not perform satisfactorily.

Certain of our businesses are considering substantial investments in information systems during fiscal 2007. To the extent the implementation of these systems fail, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

Tax legislation initiatives or challenges to our tax positions could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We are a large corporation with operations in the United States, Puerto Rico, Canada and the United Kingdom. As such, we are subject to tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state and local governments and of many foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, various legislative initiatives may be proposed that could adversely affect our tax positions. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate or tax payments will not be adversely affected by these initiatives. In addition, United States federal, state and local, as well as foreign, tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. There can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge.

Our results of operations may suffer as a result of our proposed transaction with Kindred Healthcare, Inc. (“Kindred”) to combine our PharMerica Long-Term Care business with Kindred’s institutional pharmacy business into a new, publicly traded institutional pharmacy services provider.

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company with the Securities and Exchange Commission. There are numerous uncertainties associated with the completion of each of these steps in the transaction. In any event, the proposed transaction is not expected to be completed until the first calendar quarter of 2007. During the pendency of the proposed transaction, if the business focus of PharMerica Long-Term Care personnel is diverted as a result of activities related to the transaction or if PharMerica Long-Term Care loses any customers as a result thereof, our operating results may suffer. For the same reasons, if we are unable to successfully complete the proposed transaction, the ongoing performance and prospects of PharMerica Long-Term Care may be adversely affected.

Our earnings will suffer if we divest our PharMerica Long-Term Care business and are not able to replace the earnings of that business.

If we divest our PharMerica Long-Term Care business as a result of the proposed transaction, we will not have the benefit of the earnings associated with that business. Our earnings will suffer if we are not able to replace the earnings of the PharMerica Long-Term Care business upon the divestiture of that business. There can be no assurance that we will be able to replace the earnings of the PharMerica Long-Term Care business. For the fiscal year ended September 30, 2006, PharMerica Long-Term Care’s operating income was $32.3 million.

 

ITEM 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

 

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

As of September 30, 2006, we conducted our business from office and operating facilities at owned and leased locations throughout the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Puerto Rico. In the aggregate, our facilities occupy approximately 8.6 million square feet of office and warehouse space, which is either owned or leased under agreements that expire from time to time through 2018.

Our 28 full-service ABDC wholesale pharmaceutical distribution facilities in the U.S. range in size from approximately 39,000 square feet to 320,000 square feet, with an aggregate of approximately 4.7 million square feet. Our six new distribution facilities, including office space, each have approximately 300,000 square feet. Leased facilities are located in Puerto Rico plus the following states: Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Hawaii, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, Utah, and Washington. Owned facilities are located in the following states: Alabama, California, Georgia, Illinois, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas and Virginia. As of September 30, 2006, ABDC had 15 wholesale pharmaceutical distribution facilities in Canada. All of these facilities are leased and located in the provinces of Alberta, British Columbia, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. We consider our operating properties to be in satisfactory condition. See Optimize and Grow Our Distribution and Services Businesses on Page 2 for a discussion of our facility consolidation and expansion plan.

As of September 30, 2006, the Specialty Group’s operations were located in 22 locations comprising of approximately 721,000 square feet. Its largest leased facility consisted of approximately 276,000 square feet. Only one of the 22 locations is owned. The Specialty Group’s offices are located in Texas and it has significant operations in the states of Alabama, Kentucky, North Carolina and Ohio. The Specialty Group anticipates moving its offices and certain of its operations to a new facility in Texas during fiscal 2007. This facility likely will consist of approximately 130,000 square feet.

As of September 30, 2006, the Packaging Group’s operations in the U.S. consisted of 3 owned facilities and 5 leased facilities totaling approximately 1.1 million square feet. The Packaging Group’s operations in the U.S. are primarily located in the states of Illinois and Ohio. The Packaging Group’s operations in the United Kingdom are located in six owned and three leased building units comprising a total of 96,000 square feet.

As of September 30, 2006, our PharMerica operations were located in 99 leased locations (85 of which are pharmacies) ranging in size from approximately 100 square feet to 71,000 square feet and have a combined area of approximately 1.0 million square feet.

 

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We lease approximately 134,000 square feet in Chesterbrook, Pennsylvania for our corporate and ABDC headquarters.

 

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

In the ordinary course of its business, the Company becomes involved in lawsuits, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including antitrust, commercial, environmental, product liability, intellectual property, regulatory and other matters. Significant damages or penalties may be sought from the Company in some matters, and some matters may require years for the Company to resolve. The Company establishes reserves based on its periodic assessment of estimates of probable losses. There can be no assurance that an adverse resolution of one or more matters during any subsequent reporting period will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations for that period. However, on the basis of information furnished by counsel and others and taking into consideration the reserves established for pending matters, the Company does not believe that the resolution of currently pending matters (including those matters specifically described below), individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition. (See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements).

New York Attorney General Subpoena

In April 2005, the Company received a subpoena from the Office of the Attorney General of the State of New York (the “NYAG”) requesting documents and responses to interrogatories concerning the manner and degree to which the Company purchases pharmaceuticals from other wholesalers, often referred to as the alternate source market, rather than directly from manufacturers. Similar subpoenas have been issued by the NYAG to other pharmaceutical distributors. The Company has not been advised of any allegations of misconduct by the Company. The Company has engaged in discussions with the NYAG, initially to clarify the scope of the subpoena and subsequently to provide background information requested by the NYAG. The Company has produced responsive information and documents and will continue to cooperate with the NYAG. The Company believes that it has not engaged in any wrongdoing, but cannot predict the outcome of this matter.

Bergen Brunswig Matter

A former Bergen Brunswig chief executive officer who was terminated in 1999 filed an action in the Superior Court of California, County of Orange (the “Court”) claiming that Bergen Brunswig (predecessor in interest to AmerisourceBergen Corporation) had breached its obligations to him under his employment agreement. Shortly after the filing of the lawsuit, Bergen Brunswig made a California Civil Procedure Code § 998 Offer of Judgment to the executive, which the executive accepted. The resulting judgment awarded the executive damages and the continuation of certain employment benefits. Since then, the Company and the executive have engaged in litigation as to what specific benefits were included in the scope of the Offer of Judgment and the value of those benefits. The Court entered an Order in Implementation of Judgment on June 7, 2001, which identified the specific benefits encompassed by the Offer of Judgment. Following submission by the executive of a claim for benefits pursuant to the Bergen Brunswig Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (the “Plan”), the Company followed the administrative procedure set forth in the Plan. This procedure involved separate reviews by two independent parties, the first by the Review Official appointed by the Plan Administrator and second by the Plan Trustee, and resulted in a determination that the executive was entitled to a $1.9 million supplemental retirement benefi